Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
  • B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
  • B01J20/045—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium containing sulfur, e.g. sulfates, thiosulfates, gypsum
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
  • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
  • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
  • A01K1/0152—Litter
  • A01K1/0154—Litter comprising inorganic material
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
  • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
  • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
  • A01K1/0152—Litter
  • A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
  • B01J20/24—Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
  • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
  • B01J20/3007—Moulding, shaping or extruding
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
  • B01J20/3078—Thermal treatment, e.g. calcining or pyrolizing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
  • B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
  • B01J2220/42—Materials comprising a mixture of inorganic materials
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
  • B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
  • B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
  • B01J2220/4812—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of organic character
  • B01J2220/4825—Polysaccharides or cellulose materials, e.g. starch, chitin, sawdust, wood, straw, cotton

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for producing litter and absorbent material, in which method litter and absorbent material is produced at least partly of wood material and gypsum by means of mixing wood chips and gypsum together and pelletizing mixed material composition into pellets in a pelletizer. Furthermore, the invention relates to litter and absorbent material, which is a pellet comprising wood material and at least partly calcined gypsum.
• litter and absorbent materials are used to dry excrements and urine of domestic animals. These materials are kept in a box, cage or some other place where a domestic animal defecates.
• a domestic animal refers, in this context, to a domestic animal living usually indoors with men.
• Some litter materials are called cat litter (cat sand) but also these litter materials may also be used as litter materials for other animals.
• Cat sand is somewhat misleading because the commonly sold product is not exactly sand, but often a composition of various substances.
• Cat litter commonly on market may be based on clay and minerals as well as on wood and paper. Over 90 % of cat litter and raw material of the cat litter used in Finland are imported. The degree of domestic added value is low.
• the object of the invention is to provide a method to produce Utter and absorbent material and Utter and absorbent material, which improve earlier mentioned disadvantages.
• the object of the invention is, especially, to provide a method of producing litter and absorbent material, which is simple and well functioning.
• the object of the invention is to provide litter and absorbent material, absorbtion capacity of which is significantly better than that of mineral based cat litter commonly in use, and which does not dust and does not track.
• the object of the invention is to provide litter material, which keeps its granular form better after domestic animal has defecated and with better odour control in comparison with other wood based cat litter.
• the object of the invention is accompUshed by a method and by litter and absorbent material, the characteristics of which are presented in the claims.
• litter and absorbent material is produced of elongated, splinterlike wood chips, to which gypsum has been absorbed about 10-60 % by weight, advantageously 20-50 % by weight, and that gypsum is mixed with wood chips into a composition in a mixing device, where the total amount of gypsum is about 30-95 % by weight, advantageously about 40-60 % by weight.
• Elongated, splinterlike wood chips mentioned here refer to wood material, which are ground to a particle size of about 0-5 mm and are called wood chips in the following text. The method is easy and simple to carry out. When wood chip- gypsum composition is peUetized materials of the composition are pressed together.
• Friction and pressure in the press increase the temperature of the composition and the composition is pelletized into peUets and moist dehydrates and after loose water has removed further gypsum in the composition begins to calcine. Because the wood chips comprise akeady absorbed gypsum pelletizing is easier to carry out and the final product, i.e. dry pellet is more homogenous than earlier. Pellet particles are thus created and they may excellently be applied as litter and absorbent material. Contents of gypsum may vary in various applications but the way presented earlier pellets may be produced which are very suitable for the purpose.
• wood chips are used, to which 10-60 % by weight gypsum has been absorbed, advantageously 20-50 % by weight, and to these wood chips gypsum ground from waste of a wood gypsum board factory is mixed into a composition, where the whole amount of gypsum is about 30-95 % by weight, advantageously about 40-60 % by weight.
• wood chips ground from waste of a wood gypsum board factory and to which about 10-60 % by weight gypsum has been absorbed in the production are used, and to these wood chips gypsum ground from waste of a wood gypsum board factory gypsum is mixed into composition, where the total amount of gypsum is about 30-95 % by weight, advantageously about 40-60 % by weight.
• Litter and absorbent material in accordance with the invention comprises elongated wood chips absorbed with gypsum about 10-60 % by weight, advantageously about 20-50 % by weight and gypsum has been mixed to wood chips into composition with the amount of gypsum about 30-95 % by weight, advantageously 40-60 % by weight.
• This kind of litter and absorbent material creates many advantages in comparison with earlier recognized litter materials.
• the absorption capacity of material is at least twice as much as that of common mineral based litter materials on market.
• litter and absorbent material possesses extremely high odour control due to calcium and wood in gypsum. The product is almost odourless and its pH is neutral.
• This kind of pellet keeps its form and shape long in comparison with other woodbased litter materials. This has been accomplished due to wood chips and calsined gypsum that has been absorbed into wood chips, so that the product does not disintegrate when getting wet. Calsined gypsum inside the pellet tends to harden and keep the pellet in form when getting wet. Especially in oil absorption loosening of a pellet is very minimal.
• wet pellets need not to be removed, for example, from a cat toilet box or other vessel as often as earlier.
• peUets may be recycled and for example composted.
• the product absorbs urine immediately due to interaction of gypsum and wood.
• Pellets are homogenous and of the same size and it is not indefinite material. It is easy to remove solid excrements from the toilet box.
• the product may be flashed through a toilet pan in small amounts, the product moves in drains due to its tightness and it is naturally friendly.
• the pellet is tight and easy to handle, they do not stick to paws but remain in the toilet box.
• the product in accordance with the invention is a naturally friendly recycled product, which has been produced advantageously from factory waste into a new product.
• the product is of domestic origin, which compensates import.
• litter and absorbent material in accordance with the invention is produced from waste of a wood gypsum board factory.
• Waste comprises gypsum and elongated splinterlike wood chips, into which gypsum has been absorbed during the production of a gypsum board.
• the gypsum in waste has calsined once during the production process of the wood gypsum board and impurities in it have been removed. This waste created during the production of wood gypsum board may be utilized by means of the method in accordance with the invention.
• pieces of board, scatter and pulp waste as well as grinding and saw dust are production wastes of a wood gypsum board factory which have been created during the production process.
• This waste is all of mainly same kind by consistency, a composition of spruce and/or aspen wood chips and gypsum, but the particle size of waste varies in each case.
• Gypsum has been absorbed into wood material during the production process of a wood gypsum board factory and the content of it is about 10-60 % by weight.
• About 50 % of the volume of production waste are wood material and about 50 % gypsum.
• About 9-15 % by weight of dry solids is wood.
• Production of litter material begins with crushing and grinding board pieces of waste material to a particle size of about 0-5 mm.
• flour where gypsum is crushed and ground apart from wood chips. Wood chips are elongated and splinterlike, in further text called wood chips.
• the flour produced as presented above is a composition of gypsum and wood chips of size of about 0-5 mm. Also other waste i.e. scatter and pulp waste as well as grinding and saw dust is ground to a particle size of about 0-5 mm as a composition of gypsum and wood chips.
• Moisture content of the created composition amounts to about 1-10 % by weight.
• the produced composition flour is fed to a screen and loose gypsum and wood chips are separated from the composition preferable with, for example, a 0,1-0,5 mm screen.
• screened wood chips with absorbed gypsum about 10-60 % by weight, particle size about 0,5-5 mm and 2.
• screened gypsum with particle size about 0-0,3 mm.
• a mixing device such as a mixing screw, for example, to achieve about 0-60 % by weight of the final weight of the composition.
• the amount of gypsum may vary remarkable in various applications and it may achieve about 30-60 % by weight of the final weight of the composition in some advantageous applications.
• Next water and/or water steam may be added to the composition while required in various appUcations with a mixing device for about 0,5-10 % by weight in order to optimize the properties of pelletizing.
• the homogenous composition thus produced is granulated by feeding it to a pellet press.
• the composition is pressed in recognized way to pellets with grinders through holes in a die. There must be perforation of right compaction ratio in the die of the pellet press in order to obtain the needed compaction tightness. Friction and pressure in the pellet press increase the temperature of the composition under pelletizing to the range of about 130-170 ° C. Lignin, which combines the raw material and gypsum into a tight pellet, starts to release from wood in the composition while pressing.
• Moisture content of the pellet which has been pressed starts to lower and crystal water begins to remove from the gypsum in the pellet starting from the outer surface.
• the pellets pressed through the die begin to dry and a pellet is created with moisture content 1-6 % by weight.
• Temperature of a pellet after the pressing tube of the die is over 130 ° C, and calcination of gypsum in a pellet proceeds.
• the total amount of gypsum in a pellet may be calcined when necessary by keeping the temperature between 130- 170 ° C long enough straight after pelletizing.
• the pellets created in production process are absorbent material for various use as absorbing material and as litter.
• the thickness of a pellet for various purposes may be controlled by changing the diameter of the holes in the hole plate of the die, which may be, for example, 4-8 mm.
• the length of the pellets is controlled to desired by regulating the cutting device of the pellet press.
• the invention is not limited to the presented application but it can vary within the frames of the idea of the invention formed in the claims.
• Wood materials and contents of composition material may vary as desired in various application of the invention.
• the moisture content of the composition to be pelletized must, however, be about the same in other applications as in the application presented above.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Animal Husbandry (AREA)
• Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=8561144

Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (3)

Citations (5)

• 2001
  • 2001-05-08 FI FI20010956A patent/FI109173B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2002
  • 2002-05-02 WO PCT/FI2002/000372 patent/WO2002089564A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (5)

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