WO2002087782A1 - Device for fabricating anisotropic film - Google Patents

Device for fabricating anisotropic film Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002087782A1
WO2002087782A1 PCT/US2002/010967 US0210967W WO02087782A1 WO 2002087782 A1 WO2002087782 A1 WO 2002087782A1 US 0210967 W US0210967 W US 0210967W WO 02087782 A1 WO02087782 A1 WO 02087782A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
channel
substrate
films
flat facet
colloid system
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2002/010967
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Pavel I. Lazarev
Michael V. Paukshto
Original Assignee
Optiva, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Optiva, Inc. filed Critical Optiva, Inc.
Publication of WO2002087782A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002087782A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C11/00—Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
    • B05C11/02—Apparatus for spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to a surface ; Controlling means therefor; Control of the thickness of a coating by spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to the coated surface
    • B05C11/023—Apparatus for spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to a surface
    • B05C11/028—Apparatus for spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to a surface with a body having a large flat spreading or distributing surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C5/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
    • B05C5/02—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work
    • B05C5/0245—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work for applying liquid or other fluent material to a moving work of indefinite length, e.g. to a moving web
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the fabrication of thm films or coatings, possessing amsotropy of physical properties, as well as to devices for fabricating such films out of colloid systems, in particular out of lyotropic liquid crystals (LLC).
  • LLC lyotropic liquid crystals
  • optically anisotropic films obtained from LC solutions of organic dyes (See United States Patent Application Serial No. 09/720,227 filed April 2, 2001). Such films appear in the form of thm layers of molecularly ordered organic materials. Flat molecules of the mentioned materials are grouped into o ⁇ entationally ordered aggregates - supramolecular complexes. The planes of molecules and their dipole moments of optical transition are oriented perpendicular to the axis of macroscopic orientation of the obtained film. To create such a structure one uses liquid-crystalline condition of solution of an organic material, in particular a dye, where molecules already possess local orderliness while existing m one- or two-dimensional quasi-crystalline aggregates oriented relative to each other.
  • the present invention provides a device for forming anisotropic films from colloid systems (in other terminology - colloid solutions), in particular optically anisotropic films from LLC organic dyes, with high degree of perfection of the structure (crystallinity) over the entire film's surface and significant reproducibility of results.
  • the device makes use of a special shape of design elements (parts) for application and orienting action, and creating rheological conditions of film formation, which enhance the degree of perfection of the film's structure and its homogeneity.
  • the area of application of the herein device is not limited by formation of optically anisotropic films from LC solution of an organic dye. It may be used for other objects - colloid systems formed by anisometric particles. For example, some films, formed from inorganic lyotropic liquid crystals of iron oxohydroxide or vanadium oxide possess anisotropy of electric and magnetic properties.
  • the device for obtaining films from a colloid system has a channel or a number of channels for supplying the colloid system onto the substrate or a ware, and a flat facet to act on the colloid system on the substrate or a ware, one of the walls of the channel or a plane tangent to the walls of an array of channels at the outlet of the colloid system onto the substrate forms an obtuse dihedral angle, while the dihedral angle, which apex is at the edge of the flat facet opposite to the outlet of the channel is acute.
  • the device may also contain a channel (or channels), at least part of which has a straight portion formed by flat-parallel walls.
  • the distance between the flat facet for influencing the colloid system and the substrate does not exceed 20 ⁇ m.
  • the obtuse dihedral angle be from 135° to 150°, while the dihedral angle having its apex at the edge of the flat facet opposite to the outlet of the channel be from 10° to 30°.
  • At least a part of the channel's (or channels') surface and/or flat facet may be implemented hydrophobic and/or hydrophilic and on at least a part of the channel's surface and/or the flat facet there may be a relief and/or a texture.
  • the device may also contain a means of heating and/or cooling.
  • the device may also contain a means of varying the width of channels and a means of solution supply.
  • the device may be implemented out of a metal, plastic, glass or other material, as well as their combination.
  • the means of supplying solution on to the substrate and the orienting element are incorporated in a single device.
  • the device has a possibility of translation relative to the substrate. This may be translation of the device itself relative to the substrate, or the substrate holder with the substrate relative to the device, or their simultaneous translation. It is preferred that dimension of the device in the direction perpendicular to the relative translation would cover the entire width of the forming film.
  • the gap between the orienting part and the substrate, dimensions of the channel (or channels) supplying the solution, as well as the speed of movement of the device and the rate of solution supply are chosen as to provide laminar flow of solution onto the substrate and uniform influence on the solution layer on the substrate.
  • the shape of the "tail part" of the device will be determined by absence of clots, excess of material, droplets, etc. in the forming layer and on its surface during relative translation of the device and the substrate.
  • Thickness of the formed film will be determined by the gap between the orienting part and the substrate, and solution concentration.
  • Fig.l presents general schematic of the herein disclosed device.
  • Fig.2 presents the main geometric dimensions and parameters, which affect operation of the device and parameters of the forming film.
  • the device shown in Fig. 1 contains: channel (or an array of channels) 1 for supplying the dispersion system (liquid-crystalline solution of an organic or inorganic material) from reservoir 2, element 3 which provides an orienting action onto the dispersion system applied to the substrate 4.
  • the means of orienting action appears as a flat surface, forming a gap with the substrate. It is preferred that there would be a relief or a texture on this flat surface, with orientation along direction 5 of the relative translation.
  • the substrate is placed on the substrate holder 6.
  • the means of translation (not shown on the figure) provides relative movement of the substrate holder with the substrate and the device.
  • the front part 7 slides over the substrate, "laying down the solution", and thus, providing additional orientation and uniformity of influence on the forming layer.
  • the "tail part” 8 of the device should form an acute angle with the substrate in order to avoid accumulations and non-uniform detachments of solution from the orienting part.
  • Fig. 2 presents the main geometric dimensions and parameters, which affect operation of the device and parameters of the forming film: H - the smallest traverse dimension of the channel's cross section; 1 - length of the flat-parallel portion of the channel; L - distance along the flat facet from the apex of the obtuse dihedral angle to the tail edge of the flat facet; h - the gap between the flat facet and the substrate; ⁇ - obtuse dihedral angle (the wall of the channel of the front part of the device 7 is at an angle 180° minus ⁇ to the substrate); ⁇ - acute dihedral angle in the "tail part" 8 of the device.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

Invention pertains to technology of fabricating thin films or coatings, which possess anisotropic physical properties, and to devices for obtaining such films from colloid systems, in particular from lyotropic liquid crystals (LLP).Technical result of the herein disclosed invention is the design of a device for fabricating anisotropic films from colloid systems of organic or inorganic materials with anisometric particles, which would enhance perfection of the structure of the obtained films, enhance reproducibility of parameters over the entire surface of films, as well as throughout their thickness, and also enhance anisotropy of its properties. Device for fabricating films from a colloid system has a channel or an array of channels(1) for supplying colloid system onto the substrate or a ware,(4) and a flat facet (3) for acting on the colloid system while on the substrate or a ware(4). One of the channel's walls or a plane tangent to the walls of an array of channels (1)at the outlet of colloid system onto the substrate forms a obtuse dihedral angle with the flat facet, while the dihedral angle, which apex is at the edge of the flat facet (4)opposite to the outlet of the channel (1) is acute.

Description

DEVICE FOR FABRICATING ANISOTROPIC FILM
Related Applications
This application claims priority to Russian Federation Application Serial No. RU 2001109053 filed April 9, 2001.
Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the fabrication of thm films or coatings, possessing amsotropy of physical properties, as well as to devices for fabricating such films out of colloid systems, in particular out of lyotropic liquid crystals (LLC).
Background Art
Currently widely used, particularly in fabrication of devices for presenting information, are optically anisotropic films obtained from LC solutions of organic dyes (See United States Patent Application Serial No. 09/720,227 filed April 2, 2001). Such films appear in the form of thm layers of molecularly ordered organic materials. Flat molecules of the mentioned materials are grouped into oπentationally ordered aggregates - supramolecular complexes. The planes of molecules and their dipole moments of optical transition are oriented perpendicular to the axis of macroscopic orientation of the obtained film. To create such a structure one uses liquid-crystalline condition of solution of an organic material, in particular a dye, where molecules already possess local orderliness while existing m one- or two-dimensional quasi-crystalline aggregates oriented relative to each other. During application of such a system onto the surface of a base and infliction of an external orienting action they assume macroscopic orientation, which in the process of drying not only remains preserved, but may also improve due to crystallization phenomenon. The polarization axis is then directed along the orienting action, coinciding with the direction of polarizer application. Peculiarities of structure of the herein films originate the necessity to design special means for their fabπcation.
There are various known methods of forming the herein films and, correspondingly, various devices for their implementation [US 5 739 296]. For example, application of LC solution is performed using a draw slot or a rod; the latter may be of a knife-like or cylindrical type. Application of LC solution onto the substrate surface may be carried out with simultaneous orienting of the supramolecular complexes in a particular direction; drying process would conclude the formation of the herein films. However, the known devices do not allow obtaining reproducible parameters of films with high degree of amsotropy over the entire surface of films, which is due to disturbances (defects) of molecular structure and macroscopic non-homogeneities (technological defects) during its formation. This is first of all due to rheological properties of utilized LLC solution, as well as the shape and design of the applying and/or orienting device. Summary of the Invention
The present invention provides a device for forming anisotropic films from colloid systems (in other terminology - colloid solutions), in particular optically anisotropic films from LLC organic dyes, with high degree of perfection of the structure (crystallinity) over the entire film's surface and significant reproducibility of results. The device makes use of a special shape of design elements (parts) for application and orienting action, and creating rheological conditions of film formation, which enhance the degree of perfection of the film's structure and its homogeneity.
The area of application of the herein device is not limited by formation of optically anisotropic films from LC solution of an organic dye. It may be used for other objects - colloid systems formed by anisometric particles. For example, some films, formed from inorganic lyotropic liquid crystals of iron oxohydroxide or vanadium oxide possess anisotropy of electric and magnetic properties.
Technical result of the herein invention is the development of a device for fabricating anisotropic films from colloid systems of organic or inorganic materials with anisodimetric particles, which enhances perfection of the structure of obtained films, enhance reproducibility of parameters over the film's surface as well as through out its thickness, and also enhances the anisotropy of its properties.
Technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for obtaining films from a colloid system has a channel or a number of channels for supplying the colloid system onto the substrate or a ware, and a flat facet to act on the colloid system on the substrate or a ware, one of the walls of the channel or a plane tangent to the walls of an array of channels at the outlet of the colloid system onto the substrate forms an obtuse dihedral angle, while the dihedral angle, which apex is at the edge of the flat facet opposite to the outlet of the channel is acute.
The device may also contain a channel (or channels), at least part of which has a straight portion formed by flat-parallel walls.
It is preferred, that in the device, the smallest traverse dimension of the channel's cross section in [cm] H < 0.05* 1 / L, where 1 - is the length of the flat-parallel portion of the channel in [cm], L -the smallest distance along the flat facet from the apex of the obtuse dihedral angle to the opposite edge of the flat facet (for at least one section of the device) in [cm].
It is preferred, that the distance between the flat facet for influencing the colloid system and the substrate does not exceed 20 μm.
It is preferred, that the obtuse dihedral angle be from 135° to 150°, while the dihedral angle having its apex at the edge of the flat facet opposite to the outlet of the channel be from 10° to 30°.
At least a part of the channel's (or channels') surface and/or flat facet may be implemented hydrophobic and/or hydrophilic and on at least a part of the channel's surface and/or the flat facet there may be a relief and/or a texture.
The device may also contain a means of heating and/or cooling. The device may also contain a means of varying the width of channels and a means of solution supply.
The device may be implemented out of a metal, plastic, glass or other material, as well as their combination.
In the disclosed invention, the means of supplying solution on to the substrate and the orienting element are incorporated in a single device. The device has a possibility of translation relative to the substrate. This may be translation of the device itself relative to the substrate, or the substrate holder with the substrate relative to the device, or their simultaneous translation. It is preferred that dimension of the device in the direction perpendicular to the relative translation would cover the entire width of the forming film. The gap between the orienting part and the substrate, dimensions of the channel (or channels) supplying the solution, as well as the speed of movement of the device and the rate of solution supply are chosen as to provide laminar flow of solution onto the substrate and uniform influence on the solution layer on the substrate. Moreover, partial orientation of kinetic particles (elements of the dispersion phase) happens already during the flow of solution through the channel. Absence of turbulence while supplying solution onto the substrate and infliction of orienting action lowers the number of structural defects induced by disorientation.
The shape of the "tail part" of the device will be determined by absence of clots, excess of material, droplets, etc. in the forming layer and on its surface during relative translation of the device and the substrate.
Thickness of the formed film will be determined by the gap between the orienting part and the substrate, and solution concentration.
Brief Description of the Drawings
The essence of the invention is illustrated by the following drawings:
Fig.l presents general schematic of the herein disclosed device.
Fig.2 presents the main geometric dimensions and parameters, which affect operation of the device and parameters of the forming film.
Description of the Preferred Embodiments
The device shown in Fig. 1 contains: channel (or an array of channels) 1 for supplying the dispersion system (liquid-crystalline solution of an organic or inorganic material) from reservoir 2, element 3 which provides an orienting action onto the dispersion system applied to the substrate 4. The means of orienting action appears as a flat surface, forming a gap with the substrate. It is preferred that there would be a relief or a texture on this flat surface, with orientation along direction 5 of the relative translation. In the process of operation of the device the substrate is placed on the substrate holder 6. The means of translation (not shown on the figure) provides relative movement of the substrate holder with the substrate and the device. During operation, the front part 7 slides over the substrate, "laying down the solution", and thus, providing additional orientation and uniformity of influence on the forming layer. The "tail part" 8 of the device should form an acute angle with the substrate in order to avoid accumulations and non-uniform detachments of solution from the orienting part.
Fig. 2 presents the main geometric dimensions and parameters, which affect operation of the device and parameters of the forming film: H - the smallest traverse dimension of the channel's cross section; 1 - length of the flat-parallel portion of the channel; L - distance along the flat facet from the apex of the obtuse dihedral angle to the tail edge of the flat facet; h - the gap between the flat facet and the substrate; α - obtuse dihedral angle (the wall of the channel of the front part of the device 7 is at an angle 180° minus α to the substrate); β - acute dihedral angle in the "tail part" 8 of the device.
To form an optically anisotropic film (dichroic polarizer) from LC aqueous solution of sulfonated indanthrone, the following parameters of the device have been used: H = 0.1 cm, 1 = 5cm, h = lOmkm, L = 1.5cm, α = 145°, β = 20°. Dye concentration in the LLC was 7.0 wt.%. The speed of translation was chosen in the interval from 60 to 100 cm/min. After drying (extraction of the solvent) a film with thickness 0.3 - 0.4 μ has been obtained. Polarizer obtained by this method had optical characteristics 14 - 25% better than analogous one obtained using traditional methods of application (Mayer's rod).
Depending on solution viscosity and desired thickness of the film in each particular case one determines operating parameters of the device. These parameters are determined experimentally or calculated according to known algorithms.

Claims

We claim:
1. A device for fabricating films from a colloid system, comprising a channel or an array of channels for supplying the colloid system onto substrate or a ware, and a flat facet for acting on the colloid system while on the substrate or a ware, wherein one of the walls of the channel or a plane tangent to walls of an array of channels at the outlet of the colloid system onto the substrate forms an obtuse dihedral angle, while the dihedral angle, which apex is the edge opposite to the outlet of the channel is acute.
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of channel(s) has a straight portion formed by flat parallel walls.
3. The device according to any of the claims 1-2, wherein the smallest traverse dimension of the channel's cross section in [cm] H < 0.05* 1 / L, where 1 - is the length of the flat-parallel portion of the channel in [cm], L -the smallest distance (for at least one part of the device) along the flat facet from the apex of the obtuse dihedral angle to the opposite edge of the flat facet in [cm].
4. The device according to any of the claims 1-3, wherein the distance between the flat facet for acting on the colloid system and the substrate does not exceed 20 micrometers.
5. The device according to any of the claims 1-4, wherein the obtuse dihedral angle is within the interval from 135° to 150°.
6. The device according to any of the claims 1-5, wherein the dihedral angle which apex is the edge of the flat facet opposite to the outlet of the channel is within the interval from 10° to 30°.
7. The device according to any of the claims 1-6, wherein at least a part of the channel's (or channels') surface and/or the flat facet is hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic.
8. The device according to any of the claims 1-7, wherein on at least a part of the channel's (or channels') surface and/or the flat facet there is a relief and/or a texture.
9. The device according to any of the claims 1-8, wherein there is a means of heating and/or cooling.
10. The device according to any of the claims 1-9, wherein it contains a means of varying the width of the channel.
11. The device according to any of the claims 1-10, wherein there is a means of supplying solution.
12. The device according to any of the claims 1-11, wherein it is implemented out of metal and/or plastic and/or glass.
PCT/US2002/010967 2001-04-09 2002-04-09 Device for fabricating anisotropic film WO2002087782A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU01109053 2001-04-09
RU2001109053A RU2199441C2 (en) 2001-04-09 2001-04-09 Device for forming of anisotropic film

Publications (1)

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WO2002087782A1 true WO2002087782A1 (en) 2002-11-07

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1358667A1 (en) * 2001-02-07 2003-11-05 Optiva, Inc. Method of obtaining anisotropic crystalline films and devices for implementation of the method
EP1468750A1 (en) * 2003-04-17 2004-10-20 The Procter &amp; Gamble A method and apparatus for applying coatings, for instance for sanitary products
CN105772342A (en) * 2016-05-16 2016-07-20 安徽海澄德畅电子科技有限公司 Glue flattening component used for wire terminal glue pouring

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4158076A (en) * 1977-01-03 1979-06-12 Inventing S.A. Coating delivered as bubbles
JPH03270761A (en) * 1990-03-22 1991-12-02 Hitachi Chem Co Ltd Coating apparatus and method

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4158076A (en) * 1977-01-03 1979-06-12 Inventing S.A. Coating delivered as bubbles
JPH03270761A (en) * 1990-03-22 1991-12-02 Hitachi Chem Co Ltd Coating apparatus and method

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 016, no. 081 (C - 0915) 27 February 1992 (1992-02-27) *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1358667A1 (en) * 2001-02-07 2003-11-05 Optiva, Inc. Method of obtaining anisotropic crystalline films and devices for implementation of the method
EP1358667A4 (en) * 2001-02-07 2009-04-08 Nitto Denko Corp Method of obtaining anisotropic crystalline films and devices for implementation of the method
EP1468750A1 (en) * 2003-04-17 2004-10-20 The Procter &amp; Gamble A method and apparatus for applying coatings, for instance for sanitary products
WO2004094073A1 (en) * 2003-04-17 2004-11-04 The Procter & Gamble Company A method and apparatus for applying coatings, for instance for sanitary products
CN105772342A (en) * 2016-05-16 2016-07-20 安徽海澄德畅电子科技有限公司 Glue flattening component used for wire terminal glue pouring

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Publication number Publication date
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