WO2002085818A2 - Detonateur non electrique - Google Patents

Detonateur non electrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002085818A2
WO2002085818A2 PCT/US2002/012803 US0212803W WO02085818A2 WO 2002085818 A2 WO2002085818 A2 WO 2002085818A2 US 0212803 W US0212803 W US 0212803W WO 02085818 A2 WO02085818 A2 WO 02085818A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shell
detonator
charge
explosive
diameter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2002/012803
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2002085818A3 (fr
Inventor
Ernest L. Gladden
Original Assignee
The Ensign-Bickford Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Ensign-Bickford Company filed Critical The Ensign-Bickford Company
Priority to MXPA03009709A priority Critical patent/MXPA03009709A/es
Priority to EP02726794A priority patent/EP1390324A4/fr
Priority to US10/476,042 priority patent/US7188566B2/en
Publication of WO2002085818A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002085818A2/fr
Publication of WO2002085818A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002085818A3/fr
Priority to NO20034742A priority patent/NO329030B1/no
Priority to ZA2003/08260A priority patent/ZA200308260B/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F42D1/04—Arrangements for ignition
    • F42D1/043—Connectors for detonating cords and ignition tubes, e.g. Nonel tubes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
    • C06B23/001—Fillers, gelling and thickening agents (e.g. fibres), absorbents for nitroglycerine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C5/00—Fuses, e.g. fuse cords
    • C06C5/04—Detonating fuses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C5/00—Fuses, e.g. fuse cords
    • C06C5/06—Fuse igniting means; Fuse connectors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C7/00—Non-electric detonators; Blasting caps; Primers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/10—Initiators therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to detonators and, in particular, to non-electric detonators employed for transmitting initiation signals to receptor lines and to explosive charges.
  • Detonators are commonly used not only to initiate explosive charges, e.g., booster charges, but also to initiate non-electric, impulse signals in signal lines such as low-energy detonating cords, shock tubes and low velocity signal tubes (“deflagration tubes”) that carry the impulse signal to other devices.
  • Conventional non-electric detonators comprise an output charge of explosive material packed in the closed end of a cylindrical shell, the other end of the shell having an input signal line connected thereto.
  • the shell is crimped onto a bushing surrounding the signal line in the crimp region, to help secure the shell to the line and to close the open end of the shell in order to seal the interior of the shell against the environment.
  • Some detonators include a pyrotechnic or electronic delay element between the output charge and the signal line to interpose a delay between the receipt of the initiation signal in the detonator and the release of the output signal by detonation of the output charge of the detonator.
  • the detonator Upon receipt of an initiation signal from the signal line, the detonator is initiated and its output charge generates an explosive output signal that can be used to initiate signals in one or more receptor lines or to detonate an explosive charge.
  • Numerous devices commonly referred to as "connector blocks", are known in the art for holding receptor lines in signal-receiving re- lation to the explosive end of the detonator.
  • the explosive output charge in a detonator conforms to the interior of the detonator shell in which it is disposed and, inasmuch as the conventional detonator shell has a circular cross section, so too does the output charge. Accordingly, the explosive output charge will have a diameter defined by the interior diameter of the detonator shell.
  • the length of the output charge refers to its depth in the shell.
  • the ratio of the length of the explosive charge to its diameter sometimes below referred to as "the charge L:D ratio" is typically less than 1, and is commonly about 0.5:1 or less, resulting in a disc-like configuration.
  • a typical prior art detonator will have an outside diameter of about 0.28 to 0.295 inch (about 7.11 to 7.49 mm) and an inside diameter of about 0.26 inch (about 6.60 mm), resulting in the output charge having the same diameter, D, of about 0.26 inch (about 6.60 mm).
  • the typical prior art output charge has a length L (measured along the longitudinal axis of the detonator) of about 0.1 inch (about 2.54 mm), resulting in a charge L:D ratio of about 0.38:1.
  • the output signal of a prior art detonator is strongest at the explosive tip at the axial end of the detonator and around the circumference of the detonator in the lateral region immediately adjacent the explosive tip.
  • the effective lateral output region of a prior art detonator typically does not exceed a distance along the longitudinal axis of the detonator which is equal to the diameter of one usual-sized receptor line, e.g., shock tube or a low-energy detonating cord.
  • most prior art connector blocks are configured to hold receptor lines only against the explosive tip of the detonator and at opposite sides of the detonator, immediately adjacent the explosive tip.
  • Detonator B is comprised of a main cylindrical section 10, a smaller-diameter cylindrical explosive end portion 12, and a transition portion 14.
  • the shell of detonator B is said to preferably be axisymmetric with respect to its longitudinal axis 15 ( Figure 5).
  • the main (output) explosive charge of detonator B is located in explosive end portion 12 ( Figures 6 and 7), and is distributed along the axial length of end portion 12 so as to initiate shock tubes D ( Figure IB).
  • the explosive force of the ignited main charge will ignite the shock tubes D held in place alongside the length of end portion 12.
  • An initiating shock tube 16 is connected to the opposite signal end 18 of detonator B, as best seen in Figures IE, 2 and 3.
  • the connector block referred to as "block body A"
  • block body A is described starting at column 4, line 20 and is configured to hold a plurality of shock tubes D orthogonally to explosive end portion 12.
  • various loadings of explosives such as PETN and dextrinated lead azide may be loaded within end portion 12.
  • Figure 6 shows the interposition of a small, fast-burning pyrotechnic charge 64, e.g., a zirconium/red lead mixture, placed on top of the main lead azide charge in order to "protect against explosion of the charges during subsequent loading operations."
  • a small, fast-burning pyrotechnic charge 64 e.g., a zirconium/red lead mixture
  • Figure 7 shows an embodiment in which the PETN charge is filled to above the transition point between the small-diameter explosive end portion 12 and main cylindrical section 10.
  • a non-electric detonator comprising the following components.
  • a cylindrical shell defines a shell interior, the shell having a substantially constant outside diameter not greater than about 6 mm, e.g., about 3.3 to about 5.5 mm, a closed end and an opposite, open end.
  • An explosive output charge is contained within the shell at the closed end thereof, the explosive output charge being in the shape of a cylindrical column and having a charge L:D ratio of from about 3 to about 20, or about 24, e.g., from about 4 to about 10, or from about 4 to about 12.
  • a non-electric input signal transmission line is received and sealed within the open end of the shell and disposed in signal-transfer relationship with the explosive charge.
  • a cylindrical shell defines a shell interior and has a length as defined below, the shell being of substantially constant outside diameter not greater than about 6 mm, and having a closed end and an opposite, open end.
  • An explosive output charge is contained within the shell at the closed end thereof and a non-electric input signal transmission line is received and sealed within the open end of the shell and disposed in signal-transfer relationship with the explosive charge.
  • the length of the shell is such that the ratio of its length to its diameter is from about 8 to about 23, e.g., from about 12 to about 20.
  • the length of the shell may be from about 25 to about 79 mm.
  • the explosive output charge may be in the shape of a cylindrical column having a charge length-to-diameter ratio of from about 4 to about 10; the explosive output charge may be in the shape of a cylindrical column having a length of from about 20 to about 26 mm; the explosive output charge may have a diameter of from about 2.5 to about 5 mm; the input signal transmission line may comprise shock tube; a delay train may be interposed between, and in signal-transfer relationship with, the explosive output charge and the input signal transmission line; the explosive output charge may contain an inert diluent; the explosive output charge may be in the shape of a cylindrical column and an attenuation sleeve may be disposed about at least a portion of the length of the explosive charge, with the attenuation sleeve being disposed either within the shell or on the exterior of the shell; the attenuation sleeve may extend over the entire length of
  • a non-electric detonator comprising the following components.
  • a cylindrical shell defines a shell interior and has a closed end and an opposite, open end, the shell being of substantially constant outside diameter not greater than about 6 mm, and of substantially constant inside diameter.
  • An explosive output charge is contained within the shell at the closed end thereof, the explosive output charge having the shape of a cylindrical column having a length of from about 20 to about 26 mm and a diameter of from about 2.5 to about 5 mm.
  • a non-electric input signal transmission line is received and sealed within the open end of the shell and terminates in an end disposed within the shell in signal- transfer relationship with the explosive charge.
  • a delay train may be interposed between, and in signal-transfer relationship with, the explosive charge and the input signal transmission line.
  • Figure 1 is a side elevation view of a detonator in accordance with the prior art
  • Figures 2 and 3 are schematic, cross-sectional side elevation views of (the same) detonator in accordance with a'first embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 showing one array of signal receptor lines positioned in contact with the detonator
  • Figure 2 A is a view, enlarged relative to Figure 2, of the portion of Figure 2 enclosed by the circle A;
  • Figure 3 A is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I of Figure 3;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic, cross-sectional side elevation view of a detonator in accor- dance with a second embodiment of the present invention, and showing two arrays of signal receptor lines positioned in contact with the detonator;
  • Figure 5 is a top view of a comiector block adapted to secure either one or two arrays of signal receptor lines in contact with a detonator in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 5 A is a cross-sectional side elevation view taken along line II-II of Figure 5
  • Figure 6 is a schematic, cross-sectional side elevation view of detonator 10 of Figures 2 and 3 which, in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention, has a short external attenuation sleeve attached thereto
  • Figure 7 is a schematic, cross-sectional side elevation view of a detonator in accor- dance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 8 is a schematic, cross-sectional side elevation view of a detonator in accordance with a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic, cross-sectional side elevation view of a detonator in accordance with a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic, cross-sectional side elevation view of detonator 410 of Figure 9 which, in accordance with a seventh embodiment of the present invention, has a long external attenuation sleeve attached thereto.
  • the present invention provides a detonator comprising a hollow shell closed at one end and open at the other and having a constant diameter which is significantly smaller than that of prior art constant diameter detonators.
  • a detonator comprising a hollow shell closed at one end and open at the other and having a constant diameter which is significantly smaller than that of prior art constant diameter detonators.
  • all references herein and in the claims to the shell length-to-diameter ratio are to the outside diameter of the shell.
  • the detonators of the present invention have a length-to-diameter ratio considerably higher than that of prior art detonators.
  • the length of the detonators of the present invention is generally comparable to, and may be the same as, those of prior art detonators.
  • the resulting “thin” detonators of the present invention thus have a configuration which inspires reference to them as “pencil” detonators.
  • the explosive output charge contained at the closed end of such "pencil” detonators is necessarily configured to fit within the shell and, consequently, the explo- sive output charge has a high charge L:D ratio, i.e., the ratio of the length of the charge to its diameter.
  • the diameter of the charge is, of course, limited by the inside diameter of the shell.
  • the fact that the explosive output charge is contained within a shell of constant diameter obviates difficulties (discussed below) which are inherent in detonators which have a large and a small diameter section connected by a transition section, with the explosive output charge contained within the small diameter section.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a prior art detonator 1 comprised of a cylindrical metal shell having a cylindrical main section 2 and a smaller-diameter cylindrical end portion 3 which terminates in a closed end 4 and within which is contained the explosive output charge (not shown).
  • a shock tube 5 enters the open end of the cylindrical main section 2 and extends therein in signal-transfer relation with a pyrotechnic delay train (not shown) contained within cylindrical main section 2.
  • a transition portion 6 of the shell connects cylindrical main section 2 and cylindrical end portion 3.
  • a crimp 7 at the open end 8 of cylindrical main section 2 secures a bushing 9 about shock tube 5 in order to seal the interior of the shell of detonator 1 against the environment.
  • an overfill situation i.e., if the explosive output charge extends from closed end 4 to overfill line O-O, upon seating the pyrotechnic delay train or other components within cylindrical main section 2, the overflow explosive may be pinched between the decreasing diameter of transition portion 6 and the inserted pyrotechnic delay train or other component, thereby risking detonation of the ex- plosive output charge during the assembly operation. Because the explosive output charge within cylindrical end portion 3 immediately adjacent transition portion 6 may be a particularly sensitive explosive, such as lead azide, overfilling presents a significant risk of detonation during assembly.
  • a detonator 10 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figures 2 and 3 and comprises an elongate cylindrical shell 12 of substantially constant outside diameter OD and substantially constant inside diameter ID.
  • Shell 12 is of circular cross section and has a closed end 12a and an opposite, open end 12b.
  • Open end 12b is secured at crimp 12c to an initiation signal line which, in the illustrated embodiment, comprises a shock tube 14.
  • Shock tube 14 terminates within shell 12 at end 14a thereof and abuts an isolation member 16 which provides a stand-off between the end 14a of shock tube 14 and the reactive materials in shell 12.
  • isolation member 16 also serves to inhibit the transfer of static electricity from shock tube 14 to the reactive or explosive materials within shell 12.
  • a pyrotechnic delay train member 20 is interposed between isolation member 16 and explosive output charge 18.
  • Charge 18 comprises a top or primary charge 18a and abase charge 18b.
  • Primary charge 18a typically comprises a small quantity of a primary explosive material (e.g., lead azide, diazodinitrophenol, hexanitromannite, lead styphnate, etc.) that is sensitive to the signal it receives from pyrotechnic delay train member 20, which signal was generated by the signal emitted from end 14a of shock tube 14.
  • a primary explosive material e.g., lead azide, diazodinitrophenol, hexanitromannite, lead styphnate, etc.
  • shock tube 14 may be initiated by any suitable means, such as a spark generated at the end of shock tube 14 opposite from end 14a, or by a detonator or low-energy detonating cord utilized to initiate the signal in shock tube 14 from externally thereof.
  • pyrotechnic delay train member 20 is of a selected composition and length to provide a desired predetermined time lapse between emission of the signal from end 14a of shock tube 14 and initiation of explosive output charge 18.
  • Delay train member 20 typically comprises a metal tube (lead, pewter or other suitable metal) having a core of compressed pyrotechnic material, or a pressed powder charge, as is well known in the art.
  • Base charge 18b typically comprises one or more secondary explosive materials (e.g., PETN, RDX, HMX, etc.).
  • the cushion disc and buffer commonly employed in prior art detonators may be omitted or included as desired.
  • Such components are well known in the art and are not illustrated or described in detail herein.
  • primary charge 18a releases sufficient energy to initiate base charge 18b.
  • the primary charge 18a may be omitted if the base charge 18b is sufficiently sensitive to the signal initiated by shock tube 14.
  • Such a base charge may comprise one or more primary explosive materials or a combina- tion of primary and secondary explosive materials.
  • Detonator 10 differs from prior art detonators in the high length-to-diameter ratio of shell 12 and the consequent high charge L:D ratio of explosive output charge 18.
  • the charge L:D ratio of explosive output charge 18 may vary from about 4 to about 10.
  • shell 12 is of circular cross section, so that the explosive output charge 18 is in the form of a column of circular cross section.
  • the overall length of shell 12 measured along the longitudinal axis thereof from closed end 12a to open end 12b is limited by two considerations. Because most detonator shells 12 are formed from aluminum by a drawing process, the maximum obtainable length is slightly more than 3 inches (76.2 mm), about 3.1 inches (78.7 mm). Detonator shell 12 may be made shorter, but generally will not exceed about 3.1 inches (78 J mm) in length. Lengths B and C ( Figure 3) are measured along the longitudinal axis of detonator 10. Length B is the length of the explosive output charge 18 and may be from about 0.4 to about 1 inch (about 10 to 26 mm), e.g., about 0.8 to 1 inch (20 to 26 mm). Length C is the length of the pyrotechnic delay train member 20.
  • the inside diameter ID of detonator shell 12, and consequently the maximum diameter of explosive output charge 18, may vary from about 0.1 to about 0.196 inch (2.5 to 5 mm).
  • the inside diameter ID may vary from about 0.110 inch (2.8 mm) to about 0.150 inch (3.81 mm).
  • the outside diameter OD of shell 12 may vary from about 0.130 inch (3.3 mm) to about 0.236 inch (6.0 mm), e.g., from about 0.132 inch (3.35 mm) to about 0.150 inch (3.81 mm).
  • the thickness of the longitudinal wall of shell 12 is substantially uniform, so that both inside diameter ID and outside diameter OD are substantially constant.
  • a sig- nificant degree of lateral explosive force is attained along the entire length B of charge 18.
  • the lateral explosive force is comparable to that of detonating cord having a PETN core load of 33 grains per linear foot (108.3 grains per meter). This is a very significant explosive force which is capable of initiating a plurality of shock tubes or other receptor lines placed along the side of the detonator along the length B thereof as illustrated, for example, in Figures 3 and 4.
  • the resultant explosive force has been found to be sufficiently great that in some surface applications, it is excessive.
  • a large number of surface connectors comprising connector blocks (as described below) containing detonators are disposed throughout the blasting area to transfer signals to re- ceptor lines attached thereto. It is desired to reduce the noise and shrapnel engendered by the detonation of, often, many hundreds of such detonators. Reduction of shrapnel is important (a connector block as described below aids in this effort) because shrapnel may sever a connecting line before the explosive signal has passed through it, thereby interrupting the desired sequence of explosions. In accordance with practices of the present invention, it may therefore be neces- sary or desirable to attenuate the explosive force of the detonator for use in some surface appli- cations. Several expedients for doing so are described below.
  • the inside diameter of shell 12 of detonator 10 may be selected to be identical or only very slightly larger than the outside diameter of the non-electric input signal transmission line which is received and sealed within the open end of shell 12.
  • a standard shock tube commercially available has an outside diameter of about 0.118 inch (3.00 mm) and commercially available mini shock tube has an outside diameter of about 0.085 inch (2.16 mm).
  • the ID of shell 12 may thus be about 0.118 inch (3.00 mm) or slightly larger, to accommodate a standard size shock tube, or even as small as about 0.085 inch (2.16 mm) to accommodate mini shock tube. The latter size may, however, present problems in emplacing other components within the shell 12.
  • crimp 12c is formed in shell 12 to directly engage shock tube 14 to seal the interior of shell 12 from the environment.
  • a suitable sealant 22 may be applied between the exterior of shock tube 14 and the interior of shell 12 in the vicinity of crimp 12c to improve the effectiveness of the seal.
  • Sealant 22 may be any suitable material such a curable adhesive or sealant or the like.
  • shell 12 is of constant diameter and has along its entire length a shell length-to-outside-diameter ratio much greater than that of prior art detonators.
  • the shell 12 and the output charge 18 are configured so that output charge 18 has a high charge L:D ratio which is much greater than that of prior art constant-diameter detonators.
  • the charge L:D ratio is at least several times larger than that of such prior art detonators.
  • the charge L:D ratio maybe about 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 10:1, 12:1, 20:1, 24:1, or any value between about 3:1 and about 24:1.
  • the charge L:D ratio is about 8.7:1.
  • Figure 3 shows detonator 10 with one array of shock tubes 24 disposed transversely of the longitudinal axis thereof with all eight of the receptor lines, comprised in the illustrated embodiment of shock tubes 24, being disposed to be initiated by detonation of explosive output charge 18.
  • Figure 3 A is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I of Figure 3, and shows that, optionally, shock tubes 24 may be pressed into conforming contact with shell 12 of detonator 10 in the area of explosive charge 18.
  • shock tubes 24 are forced against shell 12 so that they make more than tangential contact therewith.
  • a suitably designed connector block of the type illustrated in Figures 5 and 5 A may be utilized for the purpose. In many cases, simple tangential contact will suffice.
  • Figure 4 shows another embodiment of the present invention comprising a detonator 110 which is substantially identical to that described in detail with respect to Figures 2 and 3, except that it lacks the equivalent of pyrotechnic delay train member 20 of the embodiment of Figures 2 and 3.
  • detonator 110 is an instant-acting detonator and is comprised of a shell 112 having a closed end 112a, an open end 112b, and a crimp 112c which secures to detonator 110 a shock tube 114 which terminates in an end 114a which abuts an isolation member 116.
  • Two arrays of eight receptor lines each comprising, in the illustrated embodiment, shock tubes 24, are disposed along the length of explosive output charge 118 for initiation by detonation of explosive output charge 118.
  • Shock tubes 24 extend transversely of the longitudinal axis of detonator 110; in the illustrated embodiment, they are disposed perpendicularly thereto.
  • a connector block 26 has a tube-retaining member 28 affixed to one end of a body portion 30.
  • body portion 30 has an enlarged head 36 and an enlarged tail 37.
  • Body portion 30 also has a channel 30a extending therethrough and in which a detonator, e.g., detonator 10 of Figures 2 and 3, is received.
  • Detonator 10 as described above, is provided with a non-electric signal transmission line comprising, in the illustrated embodiment, shock tube 14.
  • a retainer 38 is formed within the portion of channel 30a contained within tail 37 in order to prevent withdrawal of detonator 10 from connector block 26.
  • Tube-retaining member 28 as seen in Figure 5 A, has a pair of parallel tube-retaining slots 28a, 28b formed therein within which are received respective arrays of shock tubes 24, disposed perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of detonator 10.
  • a pair of tube entry slots 32a and 32b are formed to permit insertion of shock tubes 24 into, respectively, tube-retaining slots 28a and 28b.
  • Protrusions 34a, 34b are formed on the sloped portions of head 36 within tube entry slots 32a and 32b. Protrusions 34a, 34b narrow the openings into tube-retaining slots 28a and 28b provided by tube entry slots 32a and 32b so that shock tubes 24 are temporarily slightly deformed as they are forced past protrusions 34a and 34b. The latter thereafter serve to prevent shock tubes 24 from being pulled out of tube- retaining slots 28a, 28b when tensile stresses are imposed on shock tubes 24 during preparation of a blast set-up, or otherwise.
  • an explosive output charge having a charge L:D ratio in accordance with the present invention could be attained simply by filling a conventional detonator shell with a larger explosive output charge. That would not, however, be practical or, in some cases, possible, for a number of reasons.
  • the practically available length of a detonator shell is about 3.1 inches (78.7 mm), often only about 2.5 to about 3 inches (63.5 to 76.2 mm), and so there is only a limited amount of room within the detonator shell.
  • Another reason is that such a quantity of explosive would provide much too large an explosive force for surface connector applications, creating too much shrapnel being propelled at great force, with concomitant risk of severing com ected signal transfer lines.
  • One feature of the present invention is that it provides a detonator shell configured to provide an explosive output charge with the desired high charge L:D ratio without substantially changing the overall output strength of the detonator, e.g., without the use of significant additional quantities of explosive material, as compared to prior art constant diameter detonators, and without incurring the problems associated with two-diameter detonators of the type illustrated in Figure 1.
  • TABLE I provides the result of calculations of the number of stan- dard receptor lines, comprising shock tube having an outer diameter of 0.118 inch (3.00 mm), that can be arranged side-by-side along one side of the output region of a detonator to overlie explosive output charges of various lengths.
  • a detonator shell having an inside diameter of 0.12 inch (3.05 mm) and an outside diameter of 0.15 inch (3.81 mm) contains an explosive output charge of lead azide with a charge length of 0.6 inch (15.29 mm).
  • Such a detonator accommodates up to five standard receptor lines, which have outer diameters of 0.118 inch (3.00 mm) disposed alongside one side of the detonator coextensively with the explosive output charge in the manner illustrated in Fig- ure 4. Up to ten standard receptor lines can be accommodated using the arrangement of Figure 3.
  • a typical two- to three-inch (50.8 to 76.2 mm) length of the shells of embodiments A through D could easily additionally accommodate other components of the detonator, e.g., a delay train member interposed between the end of an input signal transmission lines, e.g., a shock tube, connected to the detonator at the open end thereof, and the explosive output charge.
  • a delay train member interposed between the end of an input signal transmission lines, e.g., a shock tube, connected to the detonator at the open end thereof, and the explosive output charge.
  • a pyrotechnic delay train member in the detonators of the present invention has a reduced size and cost as compared to a comparable conventional, larger-diameter pyrotechnic delay train.
  • Such pyrotechnic delay train members comprise a charge of relatively slow- burning pyrotechnic material disposed within a metal tube.
  • the pyrotechnic-containing tube may be made as a large-diameter tube which is drawn to reduce its diameter and thereby highly compress its pyrotechnic powder core to thereby reduce variations in burn time of the pyrotechnic, or the pyrotechnic may be pressed into a metal tube of desired diameter, or pressed into the detonator shell.
  • the pyrotechnic-filled tube is drawn to its desired diameter, it is cut to length.
  • the use of the small-diameter detonator shells of the present invention permits the drawing of the pyrotechnic-filled tube to a correspondingly small diameter, thereby obtaining a greater length of delay train for a given amount of pyrotechnic and metal material as compared to a larger diameter delay train member. For example, drawing a given metal-encased pyrotechnic core tube to a diameter of one-eighth inch (3.18 mm) yields from the same starting tube four times the length of delay train that would be obtained if the starting tube were drawn to a one-quarter inch (6.35 mm) diameter.
  • the detonators of the present invention may function with a smaller ex- plosive output charge than prior art constant-diameter (large diameter) detonators, thereby reducing the cost of explosive per detonator as well as reducing the noise and generation of shrapnel, which is important when the detonator is used in surface applications.
  • Another way of increasing the charge L:D ratio with the same quantity of explosive is to use a greater volume of relatively low density explosive, such as PETN, instead of a higher-density explosive in the explosive output charge.
  • PETN relatively low density explosive
  • lead azide at a density of 3.0 g/cc may be replaced with PETN at a density of 1.5 g/cc.
  • the output charge may comprise 130 milligrams PETN and 40 milligrams lead azide, instead of 170 mg lead azide.
  • a shell with an interior diameter ("ID") of about 0.125 inch (3.18 mm) may hold an output charge comprising a combination of PETN and lead azide with a length of about 0.6 to about 1 inch (15.24 to 25.4 mm).
  • Attenuator sleeve 40 may be made from any suitable material, including aluminum, steel, or a synthetic polymeric material ("plastic"). It may be affixed to shell 12 of detonator 10 by any suitable means including a sealant or adhesive interposed between the interior of exter- nal attenuator sleeve 40 and the exterior of shell 12.
  • any suitable means including a sealant or adhesive interposed between the interior of exter- nal attenuator sleeve 40 and the exterior of shell 12.
  • Figure 7 shows another embodiment for attenuating the force of the explosive output in which a detonator 210 is comprised of a shell 212 having a closed end 212a, an open end 212b and a crimp 212c formed about a bushing 42 which seals open end 212b about a nonelectric input signal transmission line comprising, in the illustrated embodiment, a shock tube 214 which terminates in an end 214a.
  • An isolation member 216 is interposed between a pyrotechnic delay train member 220 and an explosive output charge 218 disposed within shell 212 at closed end 212a thereof.
  • An internal attenuator sleeve 44 is positioned within shell 212.
  • In- ternal attenuator sleeve 44 may be made of any suitable material, such as a plastic, and its presence adjacent the closed end 212a of shell 212 is seen to reduce the volume of explosive output charge 218, thereby attenuating the blast effect.
  • Figure 8 illustrates yet another embodiment of the invention showing a detonator 310 comprised of a shell 312 having a closed end 312a, an open end 312b, and crimp 312c which seals open end 312b about an incoming shock tube 314.
  • isolation member 316 separates end 314a of shock tube 314 from pyrotechnic delay train member 320 which is disposed in signal transfer communication with explosive output charge 318 disposed within shell 312 at closed end 312a thereof.
  • an extended internal attenuator sleeve 46 extends from closed end 312a to open end 312b of shell 312.
  • Extended internal attenuator sleeve 46 is made of any suitable compressible material, such as a plastic and, by being extended through the area of crimp 312c, serves as a replacement for the bushing 42 of the embodiment of Figure 7. As is the case with the embodiment of Figure 7, the presence of extended internal attenuator sleeve 46 reduces the volume of the explosive output charge 318.
  • Figure 9 shows yet another embodiment of the present invention, in which a detonator 410 comprises a shell 412 having a closed end 412a, an open end 412b and a crimp 412c. Shock tube 414 terminates in an end 414a which faces an isolation member 416 which abuts pyrotechnic delay train member 420.
  • isolation member 416 extends to open end 412b, and crimp 412c is formed about isolation member 416, which thus serves both as an isolation member and a replacement for the separate bushing 42 of the embodiment of Figure 7.
  • Explosive output charge 418 is disposed at the closed end 412a of shell 412.
  • Figure 10 shows detonator 410 of Figure 9 equipped with an extended external attenuator sleeve 48 which extends from closed end 412a to open end 412b. As compared to the short attenuator sleeve embodiment of Figure 6, the Figure 10 embodiment avoids a step-down in the outside diameter of the attenuator-equipped detonator. In Figure 10, not all of the components are numbered, inasmuch as the components of detonator 410 were previously described in detail.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un détonateur (10) pourvu d'une enveloppe (12) de diamètre constant présentant un rapport longueur/diamètre (diamètre extérieur) d'enveloppe significativement plus important que les détonateurs de l'état de la technique. L'enveloppe (12) est conçue pour maintenir une charge de sortie explosive (18) présentant une configuration cylindrique et un rapport longueur/diamètre de charge supérieur à celui des détonateurs de diamètre constant de l'état de la technique. De ce fait, une portion importante du signal de sortie du détonateur est acheminée latéralement et il est possible de transférer des signaux vers une pluralité de lignes réceptrices le long de la portion longitudinale du détonateur qui s'étire en même temps que la longueur de la charge de sortie explosive (18). Un bloc de connexion (26) est conçu pour maintenir au moins un réseau de lignes réceptrices selon une disposition côte-à-côte le long du côté du détonateur (10) et transversalement à l'axe longitudinal du détonateur (10).
PCT/US2002/012803 2001-04-24 2002-04-23 Detonateur non electrique WO2002085818A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
MXPA03009709A MXPA03009709A (es) 2001-04-24 2002-04-23 Detonador no electrico.
EP02726794A EP1390324A4 (fr) 2001-04-24 2002-04-23 Detonateur non electrique
US10/476,042 US7188566B2 (en) 2001-04-24 2002-04-23 Non-electric detonator
NO20034742A NO329030B1 (no) 2001-04-24 2003-10-23 Ikke-elektrisk detonator
ZA2003/08260A ZA200308260B (en) 2001-04-24 2003-10-23 Non-electric detonator

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US28616501P 2001-04-24 2001-04-24
US60/286,165 2001-04-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002085818A2 true WO2002085818A2 (fr) 2002-10-31
WO2002085818A3 WO2002085818A3 (fr) 2003-07-17

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PCT/US2002/012803 WO2002085818A2 (fr) 2001-04-24 2002-04-23 Detonateur non electrique

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US7188566B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1390324A4 (fr)
MX (1) MXPA03009709A (fr)
NO (1) NO329030B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002085818A2 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA200308260B (fr)

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RU2450236C1 (ru) * 2010-10-18 2012-05-10 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" - Госкорпорация "Росатом" Соединитель взрывных линий
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005111534A1 (fr) * 2004-05-19 2005-11-24 Maxamcorp.S.A.U. Connecteur sans detonateur a charge directe pour tubes a choc
AU2005243096B2 (en) * 2004-05-19 2009-02-26 Maxamcorp, S.A.U. Direct load, detonator-less connector for shock tubes
US7699004B2 (en) 2004-05-19 2010-04-20 Maxamcorp, S.A.U. Direct load, detonator-less connector for shock tubes
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WO2019214761A1 (fr) * 2018-05-10 2019-11-14 Austin Detonator S.R.O. Raccord d'un tube de détonation et d'un fusible instantané léger pour un système explosif sans résidu de détonateur non électrique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO20034742D0 (no) 2003-10-23
US7188566B2 (en) 2007-03-13
EP1390324A4 (fr) 2005-09-07
WO2002085818A3 (fr) 2003-07-17
MXPA03009709A (es) 2004-05-21
NO329030B1 (no) 2010-08-02
NO20034742L (no) 2003-12-17
EP1390324A2 (fr) 2004-02-25
ZA200308260B (en) 2005-07-27
US20040200372A1 (en) 2004-10-14

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