WO1999053263A2 - Etranglement pour transformer une deflagration en detonation - Google Patents

Etranglement pour transformer une deflagration en detonation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999053263A2
WO1999053263A2 PCT/US1999/001330 US9901330W WO9953263A2 WO 1999053263 A2 WO1999053263 A2 WO 1999053263A2 US 9901330 W US9901330 W US 9901330W WO 9953263 A2 WO9953263 A2 WO 9953263A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
explosive
detonator
column
high temperature
hns
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1999/001330
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO1999053263A3 (fr
Inventor
Jerry D. Motley
Original Assignee
Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. filed Critical Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
Publication of WO1999053263A2 publication Critical patent/WO1999053263A2/fr
Publication of WO1999053263A3 publication Critical patent/WO1999053263A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C06B45/12—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product having contiguous layers or zones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C7/00—Non-electric detonators; Blasting caps; Primers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F42D1/04—Arrangements for ignition

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to explosive detonators which are substantially insensitive to thermal changes, impacts and electrostatic discharge.
  • the invention also relates to methods of reliably causing detonation of a secondary explosive column.
  • Explosive detonators are used to initiate larger secondary explosions. Blasting caps are perhaps the most widely known type of detonator. Explosive devices that are used in a hostile environment, such as within an oil well borehole, must be insensitive to high temperatures, impacts and static electrical discharges. Such detonators are required for the operation of perforating guns and casing cutters among other devices which are used in downhole systems.
  • Patent 5,503,077 entitled Explosive Detonation Apparatus which is assigned to the assignee of the present invention. This patent is incorporated herein by reference.
  • High temperature explosives are typically resistant to temperatures up to 375° to 525°F.
  • High temperature explosives of this type include HNS (hexanitrostilbene), PYX (2, 6 - Bis (picrylamino) -3, 5 - dinitropyridine), BRX (1, 3, 5 - trinitro - 2, 4, 6, tripicrylbenzene) and NONA (nonanitroterphenyl).
  • high temperature explosives are relatively insensitive as compared to "low temperature" explosives, such as RDX (cyclotrimethylene trinitramine), HMX (cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine) and PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate).
  • RDX cyclotrimethylene trinitramine
  • HMX cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine
  • PETN penentaerythritol tetranitrate
  • a novel detonator which employs an explosive choke along an explosive column to cause conditions which are highly conducive to detonation.
  • the detonator comprises a cylindrical casing which contains a bore and an enclosed pair of coaxial explosive column portions - a larger diameter column portion and a smaller diameter column portion. The two column portions are joined at a choke, or diametrical reduction in the size of the bore.
  • the detonator also includes an initiator assembly.
  • a method is also described for the reliable creation of detonations from a deflagration condition. The described methods feature the initiation of deflagration in a portion of a confined, larger diameter explosive column.
  • Deflagration occurs along the length of the larger diameter column portion until an explosive choke is reached wherein the larger diameter column portion is transitioned into a smaller diameter coaxial column portion.
  • the inventive detonator is particularly well suited for ensuring reliable deflagration to detonation activity in high temperature explosives such as HNS, PYX, BRX and NONA. This technique can also be used with the "lower temperature" explosives such as PETN, RDX and HMX in order to create shorter length transitions from deflagration to detonation.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic longitudinal cross-section of an exemplary detonator constructed in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 2 depicts a cross-section of the exemplary detonator of Figure 1 following detonation.
  • FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary detonator assembly 10 that is adapted to receive an electrical signal and then detonate in order to initiate a larger secondary explosive.
  • the detonator 10 includes a tubular casing 12 which is typically formed of aluminum, steel, brass, rigid plastics or the like in which is capable of withstanding exposure to a temperature of about 500°F. for a period of at least one hour without structural failure.
  • the casing 12 defines a chamber 14 at a first end of the casing 12.
  • an ignition device 16 Disposed within the chamber 14 is an ignition device 16 which typically comprises a semi-conductor bridge (SCB) of a type which is known in the art.
  • the ignition device 16 may comprise a non-electrical initiator such as a percussion primer.
  • a pair of electrical wires 18 extends from the ignition device 16 toward a source of electrical power.
  • the first end of the casing 12 is sealed off in a manner such that the ignition device 16 is sealed against the introduction of fluids and external matter.
  • the usual technique for such sealing involves the placement of epoxy or a plastic or metal disk within the first end.
  • a second end of the casing 20 features a connector 20 to which is affixed a secondary or explosive booster.
  • the booster charge is crimped onto the connector 20.
  • the casing 12 defines a first, expanded diameter bore 22, located proximate the chamber 14, and a second, reduced diameter bore 24 which adjoins the first bore 22 and is coaxial with it.
  • Choke 26 is the point at which the first bore 22 transitions into the second bore 24.
  • the choke 26 is a reduction in the diameter of the bore. It is preferred that the reduction in diameter be by an amount which is approximately 25-30% of the original diameter of the first bore 22 as this amount of reduction appears at present to optimize the conditions needed for creation of a high density plug of the type that will be described.
  • a composite column of high temperature explosive is confined within the casing 12 as will now be described.
  • a first column portion 28 of high temperature explosive is confined within the first bore 22 so as to abut the ignition device 16 and extends to the choke 26.
  • the first column portion 28 is electrically or otherwise operationally connected with the ignition device 16, in a manner known in the art so that actuation of the ignition device 16 will cause ignition, or deflagration of the first column portion 28.
  • a second column portion 30, also composed of high temperature explosive extends from the first column portion 26 toward a secondary explosive charge (not shown) which is affixed to the connector 20 of the casing 12. As with the first end of the casing, the second end is also sealed against the external environment.
  • the explosive contained in both the first and second column portions 28, 30 is compacted to a maximum bulk density of approximately 1.0 grams/cc.
  • the preferred high temperature explosive for placement in the columns 28, 30 is a mixture of 75% HNS and 25% NONA.
  • HNS is coarser and more granular than NONA, which typically has the consistency of talcum powder.
  • the use of a high proportion of HNS permits the explosive mixture to be disposed within the casing 12 such that the mixture provides for an explosive column of relatively consistent uniform density and, thus, greater workability.
  • Other combinations of explosives, such as HNS and BRX work equally well, as well as other pure explosives. It is presently preferred, for workability reasons, that the amount of HNS exceed the amount of NONA or BRX in the mixture.
  • an electrical charge is created across the SCB of the ignition device 16 via wires 18.
  • Deflagration or ignition occurs through the first column portion 28 moving away from the ignition device 16.
  • Deflagration is accompanied by a compression wave which acts upon the explosive in the first column portion 28 by creating friction, heat and rapid consolidation, or compression, of the explosive.
  • the choke 26 acts as a restriction and shock reflector which encourages compression of the explosive.
  • the explosive within the first column portion 28 is compacted into a high density plug.
  • the now high density plug is then extruded through the choke 26 and into the smaller diameter second bore 24.
  • the explosive crystals within the high density plug begin to shear and, along with the friction created at the choke by the extrusion, causes detonation of the second column portion 30 to occur from the point of the choke 26 forward toward the connector 20.
  • Fig. 2 depicts a detonator assembly 10 after a detonation has occurred.
  • the casing 12 has become deformed as a result of initiation of the explosives contained within.
  • the first bore 22 has become radially expanded just forward of the location of the choke 26, as shown at 32.
  • the radial expansion 32 has resulted from creation of the high density plug within that section of the first bore 22.
  • the second bore 24 is also radially expanded.
  • the radial expansion of the second bore 24 is conical in shape with the smallest diameter portion of the cone located proximate the choke 26 and the largest diameter portion of the cone located proximate the connector 20. This conical configuration is indicative of an explosion which has occurred along the length of the second bore 24.
  • a detonator constructed substantially as described will function reliably to cause a detonation to deflagration reaction along a relatively short column length. This permits a detonator constructed in accordance with the present invention to be used in downhole tools such as perforating guns and casing cutters even where the borehole diameter is relatively restricted.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un détonateur utilisant un étranglement, ménagé le long d'une colonne d'explosifs, pour créer des conditions permettant d'induire une détonation. Le détonateur de cette invention comprend une enveloppe cylindrique à l'intérieur de laquelle sont ménagés un alésage et deux parties coaxiales d'une charge d'explosifs, une colonne d'un diamètre élevé et une colonne d'un diamètre réduit, ces deux parties étant raccordées au niveau d'un étranglement, ou grâce à la diminution du diamètre dudit alésage. Ce détonateur, qui comprend également un ensemble amorceur, permet en particulier de provoquer une déflagration et une détonation d'explosifs haute température en toute sécurité, ces explosifs étant par exemple HNS, PYX, BRX, et NONA. L'invention concerne également un procédé permettant de provoquer une détonation, ainsi que des méthodes destinées à provoquer une déflagration dans une partie d'une colonne d'explosifs confinée d'un diamètre élevé. Chaque déflagration se produit sur la longueur de la partie de la colonne présentant le diamètre le plus élevé, jusqu'à ce que l'étranglement provoque une explosion, ladite partie de la colonne présentant le diamètre le plus élevé devenant ainsi une partie coaxiale d'un diamètre inférieur.
PCT/US1999/001330 1998-01-29 1999-01-22 Etranglement pour transformer une deflagration en detonation WO1999053263A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US1574598A 1998-01-29 1998-01-29
US09/015,745 1998-01-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999053263A2 true WO1999053263A2 (fr) 1999-10-21
WO1999053263A3 WO1999053263A3 (fr) 1999-12-23

Family

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Country Status (1)

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WO (1) WO1999053263A2 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1390324A2 (fr) * 2001-04-24 2004-02-25 The Ensign-Bickford Company Detonateur non electrique
WO2014080139A1 (fr) * 2012-11-23 2014-05-30 Nexter Munitions Composant generateur de gaz pyrotechnique
EP2336710A3 (fr) * 2009-12-21 2015-07-08 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Dispositif de transition de déflagration à détonation
EP3029012A3 (fr) * 2014-12-06 2016-08-24 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Dispositif d'initiation commandee de la deflagration d'une charge explosive
CN108426493A (zh) * 2018-03-23 2018-08-21 内蒙聚力工程爆破有限公司 高温采空区炮孔打孔方法
RU2699145C1 (ru) * 2016-05-09 2019-09-03 Динаэнергетикс Гмбх Унд Ко. Кг Высокотемпературный взрыватель

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3978791A (en) * 1974-09-16 1976-09-07 Systems, Science And Software Secondary explosive detonator device
US4316412A (en) * 1979-06-05 1982-02-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Low voltage nonprimary explosive detonator
US4527481A (en) * 1983-04-08 1985-07-09 Ici Americas Inc. Impact sensitive high temperature detonator
US4727808A (en) * 1984-08-23 1988-03-01 China Metallurgical Import & Export Corporation Non-primary explosive detonator
US4777878A (en) * 1987-09-14 1988-10-18 Halliburton Company Exploding bridge wire detonator with shock reflector for oil well usage
US5385098A (en) * 1988-10-17 1995-01-31 Nitro Nobel Ab Initiating element for non-primary explosive detonators
US5431104A (en) * 1993-06-14 1995-07-11 Barker; James M. Exploding foil initiator using a thermally stable secondary explosive
US5503077A (en) * 1994-03-29 1996-04-02 Halliburton Company Explosive detonation apparatus

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3978791A (en) * 1974-09-16 1976-09-07 Systems, Science And Software Secondary explosive detonator device
US4316412A (en) * 1979-06-05 1982-02-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Low voltage nonprimary explosive detonator
US4527481A (en) * 1983-04-08 1985-07-09 Ici Americas Inc. Impact sensitive high temperature detonator
US4727808A (en) * 1984-08-23 1988-03-01 China Metallurgical Import & Export Corporation Non-primary explosive detonator
US4777878A (en) * 1987-09-14 1988-10-18 Halliburton Company Exploding bridge wire detonator with shock reflector for oil well usage
US5385098A (en) * 1988-10-17 1995-01-31 Nitro Nobel Ab Initiating element for non-primary explosive detonators
US5431104A (en) * 1993-06-14 1995-07-11 Barker; James M. Exploding foil initiator using a thermally stable secondary explosive
US5503077A (en) * 1994-03-29 1996-04-02 Halliburton Company Explosive detonation apparatus

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1390324A2 (fr) * 2001-04-24 2004-02-25 The Ensign-Bickford Company Detonateur non electrique
EP1390324A4 (fr) * 2001-04-24 2005-09-07 Detonateur non electrique
US7188566B2 (en) 2001-04-24 2007-03-13 Dyno Nobel Inc. Non-electric detonator
EP2336710A3 (fr) * 2009-12-21 2015-07-08 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Dispositif de transition de déflagration à détonation
EP2942599A3 (fr) * 2009-12-21 2015-12-16 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Dispositif de transition de déflagration à détonation
WO2014080139A1 (fr) * 2012-11-23 2014-05-30 Nexter Munitions Composant generateur de gaz pyrotechnique
FR2998566A1 (fr) * 2012-11-23 2014-05-30 Nexter Munitions Composant generateur de gaz pyrotechnique
US9574856B2 (en) 2012-11-23 2017-02-21 Nexter Munitions Pyrotechnic gas generator component
EP3029012A3 (fr) * 2014-12-06 2016-08-24 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Dispositif d'initiation commandee de la deflagration d'une charge explosive
US9829297B2 (en) 2014-12-06 2017-11-28 TDW Gesellschaft fuer verteidgungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Device for the controlled initiation of the deflagration of an explosive charge
RU2699145C1 (ru) * 2016-05-09 2019-09-03 Динаэнергетикс Гмбх Унд Ко. Кг Высокотемпературный взрыватель
CN108426493A (zh) * 2018-03-23 2018-08-21 内蒙聚力工程爆破有限公司 高温采空区炮孔打孔方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1999053263A3 (fr) 1999-12-23

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