WO2002082485A1 - Commutateur et circuit de commutation - Google Patents

Commutateur et circuit de commutation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002082485A1
WO2002082485A1 PCT/GB2002/001596 GB0201596W WO02082485A1 WO 2002082485 A1 WO2002082485 A1 WO 2002082485A1 GB 0201596 W GB0201596 W GB 0201596W WO 02082485 A1 WO02082485 A1 WO 02082485A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
switch
drive coil
switching element
current
switching
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2002/001596
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John Russell Fielden
Original Assignee
John Russell Fielden
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by John Russell Fielden filed Critical John Russell Fielden
Publication of WO2002082485A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002082485A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/56—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • H01H47/226—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil for bistable relays

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a switch and a switching circuit, in particular of the kind typically used for load switching operations.
  • US 4864457 and US 5471074 disclose methods of supplying a continuous current to a monostable relay or switch, in order to provide the contact load. This requires " a continuous supply of energy to maintain the contact.
  • Fig. 1 shows a typical bi-stable switch which needs no operating current to maintain the contacts while carrying a large, current.
  • the contact pressure is provided by means of a magnet 11, typically a rare earth magnet, which produces sufficient force to maintain the required 1 kg pressure at the contact buttons 12.
  • This type of switch is widely used in load control operations for the electrical supply industry, for example to switch on night storage heaters at the correct times controlled by an electronic clock or a radio operated receiver called a teleswitch.
  • Fig. 1 shows the switch in the condition where the contacts are made and the current is switched on.
  • a pulse of current in the right direction must be passed through the drive coil 13, which overrides the magnetism of the permanent magnet, and the toggle 14 rocks over, lifting the contacts apart.
  • the contacts are then held apart by the strength of the permanent magnet acting on the toggle 14, and again no current is needed to keep the contacts apart.
  • a similar pulse in the opposite direction will once again cause the toggle to reverse and then remain stable in the new direction.
  • the coil is wound as two separate coils wound in opposite directions, so that current from a single common supply can be switched to each coil to achieve the desired direction of switching.
  • the magnet needs to be very strong to provide the correct contact pressure and to prevent accidental reversal from an external magnet, it also needs a very large pulse of current through the coil to overcome the magnet and make sure that proper reversal takes place.
  • the current should be sufficient to saturate the iron pole pieces, so that the operation of the switch becomes independent of temperature or tolerances in the value of the drive voltage.
  • the typical operating voltage and current during switching were 35 volts and 3 amps for 5 ms.
  • One aspect of the present invention provides a switching circuit comprising a switching element connected in series with a drive coil of a switch, the switch being operable in response to a pulse of current through the drive coil, the switching element being operable to allow current to flow in either direction in response to a control pulse, the drive coil and switching element being connectable, in use, to an alternating current source, and the circuit further comprising means for supplying a control pulse to the switching element.
  • the switching element preferably comprises a triac, in which case the control pulse can be supplied to the gate of the triac.
  • the circuit according to the invention can be used to provide the two required opposite voltages with the necessary current to overcome the contact force of a strong permanent magnet, using a simple circuit which derives the power needed directly from the mains voltages being switched.
  • a large driving current typically of several amps, can therefore be provided in either direction in a reliable and consistent manner, without the need to provide a dc source or any other processing in hardware.
  • a switch comprising a drive coil, switching contacts and means for moving the switching contacts between an open and a closed position in response to a pulse of current through the drive coil, the switch further comprising a switching element connected in series with the drive coil, the switching element being operable to allow a pulse of current to flow through the drive coil in either direction in response to a control pulse supplied to the switching element, when the drive coil and switching element are connected, in use, to an alternating current supply.
  • the switch is operated simply by timing the trigger pulse when the AC input voltage has a value which is appropriate for the coil. This has the crucial advantage that once the triac is switched on, the current will continue until it reaches zero, this being the standard characteristic of a triac. By choosing the right time to supply the trigger pulse, the contacts will open at, or very close to, the zero cross of the voltage being switched, which minimises the damage done to the contacts by the arc which is inevitable if the contacts are separated at any other time.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a known switching arrangement and load circuit
  • Fig. 2 shows a switch operating circuit according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 illustrates the switching current in the switch coil shown in Fig. 2, relative to the timing of the mains cycle.
  • a load 15 is supplied with a current typically of up to 100 Amps by the mains supply 10.
  • a switch 16 having contacts 12 of a silver/tin alloy, is provided in the load circuit.
  • the required contact pressure corresponding to a force of around 10 N or more, is maintained on the contacts by a mechanical connection 20 to a pivotable toggle 14 which is provided with a strong permanent magnet 11.
  • Fig. 1 shows the switch in the condition where the contacts are made and the current is switched on.
  • the toggle 14 is provided with two end plates 18, which correspond to the north and south poles of the magnet 11.
  • the toggle 14 is arranged to be pivotable between two positions, such that in each position the end plates 18 contact respective contact members 19, which are connected to respective ends of the drive coil 13.
  • Each end plate is arranged so that it makes contact with one of the contact members 19 in one of the positions of the toggle 14, and with the other contact member in the other position. In this way, the end plates rest against respective contact members when the toggle is in a first position, and when the toggle is pivoted into the second position, the contact members with which the end plates are in contact are reversed.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the switching circuit according to the invention, which is used to supply the drive coil of the switch with the required pulse of current in either direction, to overcome the force of the permanent magnet in the arrangement of Fig. 1, and switch the toggle between its two operating positions.
  • the circuit comprises an AC mains input 21, to which is connected a switch coil 22 in series with a triac 23.
  • a limiting resistor- 24 is also provided between the switch coil and the mains input.
  • the same mains input 21 may also be used to supply power to further components which may be connected in parallel with the switch coil and triac, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • Such further components are shown in Fig. 2 as a diode and a capacitor, and are merely intended to be representative of a load circuit 26 of a kind suitable for any particular application.
  • the switch coil 22 may equate to the drive coil 13 of Fig. 1, and is used to move a switch (not shown in Fig. 2) between its operating positions, typically by overriding the magnetic force provided by a permanent magnet as described in connection with Fig. 1.
  • the triac 23 When the triac 23 is provided with a control pulse at its trigger input 25, the triac will go into conduction mode, and allow the mains supply to provide the necessary current through the switch coil 22 to effect the required change in position of the switch.
  • the mains supply By using the mains supply to provide the current in this way, a positive or a negative pulse can be provided through the switch coil, depending on the timing of the control pulse relative to the timing of the mains cycle.
  • the necessary switching logic may be derived from the program of the microprocessor.
  • the control pulses are similarly derived from the ⁇ P and make use of a phase locked loop in the software so that the relative phase of the supply voltage is known.
  • a positive pulse of 5 volts at a few milliamps can therefore be applied at the trigger input of the triac which will therefore go into conduction mode, regardless of the polarity of the AC input voltage, and will remain in conduction until the current goes to zero.
  • a single mains cycle at 50 Hz takes 20 milliseconds; 10 milliseconds positive and 10 milliseconds negative. As can be seen from Fig.
  • the voltage will be positive for a further 4 milliseconds, providing a positive pulse 32 through the switch coil 22, typically with a peak current of around 2 or 3 Amps. If the ⁇ P gives a pulse after 16 milliseconds then the voltage will be negative for a further 4 milliseconds, providing a negative pulse 33. Since the switching time of a typical switch is around 4 milliseconds, this arrangement can be used to provide the necessary pulse through the switch coil 22 to move the switch in either direction, by selecting the appropriate timing of the control pulse.
  • the trigger point for switching the switch on is at 6 ms into a mains cycle, and at 16 ms into a cycle for switching it off.
  • the control signal may be supplied by means other than a microprocessor, for example using a resistance-capacitance (RC) network.
  • RC resistance-capacitance
  • An RC circuit using steering diodes is suitable for this application.
  • the magnitude of the current pulse can be selected by firing the triac at any time during the desired half cycle of the applied voltage, from when it first starts the half cycle to when it has nearly finished, thus providing an easily controlled pulse magnitude to cope with a wide range of conditions.
  • An example of an application for which the invention is particularly suitable, due to its reliable and consistent operation, is as a disconnect switch in a dispensing electricity meter, where it is required that the electricity supply is able to be disconnected under certain circumstances, possibly under computer control, in a repeatable manner without significant life limitation of the switch.
  • the described circuit can be used with a slight change in the drive software to provide a continuous unidirectional voltage of any magnitude from zero to the half wave RMS value of the applied voltage, and in either polarity, this is done by firing the triac at the same relative position in each cycle of the mains. By choosing the firing time, the voltage can be simply controlled.
  • this circuit could be used to drive a DC motor and control the speed from very slow to full speed in either direction. In this case, the circuit remains exactly the same, with the armature of the motor connected instead of the relay coil.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un circuit de commutation comprenant un élément de commutation, de préférence un triac, connecté en série avec une bobine d'excitation d'un commutateur; le commutateur fonctionnant sous l'effet d'une impulsion de courant à travers la bobine d'excitation, et l'élément de commutation fonctionnant de manière à permettre la circulation du courant dans l'une ou l'autre des directions sous l'effet d'une impulsion de commande; la bobine d'excitation et l'élément de commutation pouvant être connectés, pendant l'utilisation, à une source de courant alternatif. Le circuit comprend également un moyen permettant de fournir une impulsion de commande à l'élément de commutation. L'impulsion de commande peut être fournie par un microprocesseur ou un réseau RC, et elle permet de fournir le courant à la bobine d'excitation dans l'une ou l'autre des directions, en fonction du moment, dans le cycle de courant alternatif, auquel l'impulsion de commande est fournie. Le circuit décrit dans cette invention peut être utilisé avec une alimentation secteur de manière à fournir rapidement une impulsion de courant dans l'une ou l'autre des directions à travers la bobine d'excitation, laquelle impulsion est d'un niveau suffisamment élevé pour surmonter la force de contact produite dans le commutateur par un aimant permanent puissant.
PCT/GB2002/001596 2001-04-06 2002-04-05 Commutateur et circuit de commutation WO2002082485A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0108742A GB2374218A (en) 2001-04-06 2001-04-06 Switch & switching circuit
GB0108742.8 2001-04-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002082485A1 true WO2002082485A1 (fr) 2002-10-17

Family

ID=9912433

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2002/001596 WO2002082485A1 (fr) 2001-04-06 2002-04-05 Commutateur et circuit de commutation

Country Status (2)

Country Link
GB (1) GB2374218A (fr)
WO (1) WO2002082485A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2876661B1 (fr) * 2013-11-26 2017-11-01 Johnson Electric S.A. Contacteur électrique
US9887053B2 (en) 2014-07-29 2018-02-06 Abl Ip Holding Llc Controlling relay actuation using load current

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012215310B4 (de) * 2012-08-29 2020-09-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schaltungsanordnung für eine elektrische Schutzeinrichtung
GB2520575A (en) 2013-11-26 2015-05-27 Johnson Electric Sa Electrical contactor

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2806628B1 (de) * 1978-02-16 1979-05-23 Diehl Gmbh & Co Ansteuerschaltung fuer ein Wechselstromrelais
EP0081605A1 (fr) * 1981-12-14 1983-06-22 LEGRAND GmbH Dispositif magnétique bistable
EP0433592A1 (fr) * 1989-12-22 1991-06-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Minuterie commandée par ordinateur

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2599182B1 (fr) * 1986-05-21 1991-10-31 Telemecanique Electrique Procede et dispositif de commande d'un electro-aimant dont l'excitation, par un courant alternatif, provoque la mise en contact de deux pieces
FR2688941B1 (fr) * 1992-03-20 1994-06-17 Sgs Thomson Microelectronics Interrupteur de tension alternative a declenchement sur une alternance determinee et conduction par periode.

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2806628B1 (de) * 1978-02-16 1979-05-23 Diehl Gmbh & Co Ansteuerschaltung fuer ein Wechselstromrelais
EP0081605A1 (fr) * 1981-12-14 1983-06-22 LEGRAND GmbH Dispositif magnétique bistable
EP0433592A1 (fr) * 1989-12-22 1991-06-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Minuterie commandée par ordinateur

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2876661B1 (fr) * 2013-11-26 2017-11-01 Johnson Electric S.A. Contacteur électrique
US9887053B2 (en) 2014-07-29 2018-02-06 Abl Ip Holding Llc Controlling relay actuation using load current

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2374218A (en) 2002-10-09
GB0108742D0 (en) 2001-05-30

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