Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
  • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
  • H01G11/22—Electrodes
  • H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
  • H01G11/28—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features arranged or disposed on a current collector; Layers or phases between electrodes and current collectors, e.g. adhesives
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
  • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
  • H01G11/22—Electrodes
  • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
  • H01G11/32—Carbon-based
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
  • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
  • H01G11/66—Current collectors
  • H01G11/68—Current collectors characterised by their material
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
  • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
  • H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
  • H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for producing a layer electrode for electrochemical components, a layer being connected to a metal.
• the invention further relates to a layer electrode for electrochemical components.
• electrochemical components in the form of electrochemical double-layer capacitors are known, in which layers of carbon are used as layer electrodes.
• the carbon cloth is first coated with liquid aluminum using an arc process. The result of this is that the aluminum penetrates as deeply as possible into the fibers of the carbon cloth, as a result of which good electrical contact can be made.
• this method has the disadvantage that the hot aluminum is easily oxidized in air and the electrical contact resistance between the layer and the aluminum metal is increased by the resulting aluminum oxide layer.
• the known method of producing a layer electrode has the disadvantage that the arc method requires a high mechanical stability of the layer in order to prevent the layer from tearing.
• the arc method requires a high mechanical stability of the layer in order to prevent the layer from tearing.
• a high mechanical stability of the layer means that the layer must be of a relatively large thickness, as a result of which the area available for contact with a metal electrode is reduced, which results in an increase in the ohmic resistance of the capacitor.
• stable carbon layers require the use of expensive, stable fiber materials, which means increased raw material costs.
• a coated layer is positioned on the top or bottom of an aluminum foil.
• This aluminum foil serves as an electrode for the capacitor.
• Construction of a capacitor winding can be processed to prevent short circuits at the edge of the film and damage to the carbon layers.
• the known method has the disadvantage that it requires a large number of individual steps.
• the aluminum introduced into the layer by the arc process increases the layer thickness of the layer, as a result of which the volume utilization of the capacitor is impaired.
• the aim of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for producing a layer electrode, layers with low mechanical stability can be processed and this is easy to carry out.
• the invention specifies a method for producing a layer electrode for electrochemical components with a layer lying on a metal foil, wherein to produce a connection between the metal foil and the layer, a surface section of the layer is pressed into the metal foil over part of the thickness of the layer, and wherein the metal foil is softened during pressing.
• the process according to the invention dispenses with the application of liquid aluminum to the arc process
• Layer which reduces the mechanical stress on the layer. As a result, layers with low mechanical stability and thus either layers with a smaller layer thickness or layers made from cheaper raw materials can be used.
• thinner layers has the advantage that a total amount of layer material, e.g. Carbon, can be distributed over a larger number of electrode layers, which increases the area available for contacting the layer with an electrode. As a result, the ohmic resistance of the component to be realized and thus its losses decrease in an advantageous manner.
• layer material e.g. Carbon
• the risk of oxidation of the metal is also reduced, as a result of which the ohmic resistance of the layer electrode can be reduced.
• the layer thickness of the layer electrode can be reduced, as a result of which the volume utilization in the component to be realized increases.
• the layer thickness saved by dispensing with the sprayed-on aluminum or by using thinner layers can also be achieved by using thicker layers Aluminum foils are compensated for, the end result being that the layer thickness of the layer electrode remains the same.
• the ohmic resistance of the layer electrode or of the component to be realized is reduced, since thicker aluminum foils allow a lower-resistance connection to an external connection of the component.
• the method according to the invention has the advantage that it has very few process steps and is therefore inexpensive and easy to implement.
• Pressing the layer into the softened metal foil also ensures optimal electrical contact between the layer and the metal foil.
• an elementary carbon-containing layer can be used as the layer, as is necessary, for example, for the implementation of electrochemical double-layer capacitors.
• an aluminum foil can be used as the metal foil, as is customary in the construction of electrochemical double-layer capacitors.
• the invention can be implemented in that a layer stack with a layer lying over a metal foil lies between a pressing tool and a stop, and the layer stack is pressed against the stop by the pressing tool.
• a method is advantageous in which a layer stack with a layer lying over a metal foil lies between a pressing tool and a stop, and the pressing tool presses the layer stack against the stop.
• the pressing tool can be provided with a smooth surface which is pressed against the likewise smooth surface of the stop.
• the pressed-in surface sections of the layer can be produced contiguously, as a result of which the layer is pressed into the metal foil over its entire surface.
• the smooth surfaces can be flat or curved.
• Such a layer electrode can be produced by pressing a surface of the pressing tool which has depressions against a stop, the surface of which is designed such that the layer is not pressed into the metal foil at the locations of the depressions.
• the metal foil is softened in the vicinity of the pressing tool or the surface section to be pressed in. It can thereby be achieved that the thermal load and also the mechanical load on the aluminum foil is kept as low as possible, which allows the use of thinner aluminum foils. The volume utilization of a capacitor can thereby be improved.
• the metal foil can be softened, for example, by a heated press tool and / or stop. Another way to soften the metal foil is to let an electric current flow through the foil perpendicular to the foil. Such an electrical current could be caused, for example, by applying corresponding electrical potentials to the pressing tool and the stop. Pressing tool and stop would have to be electrically conductive in this case.
• a metal powder can be applied to the surface section to be pressed in before the layer is pressed into the metal foil. Due to its small structure size, the metal powder will penetrate the layer particularly easily and thus establish good electrical contact between the metal foil and the layer.
• a metal foil is covered on both sides with two congruent layers and these layers are connected to the metal foil using the method according to the invention.
• a metal foil can act as a lead-off electrode for two layers, as a result of which the layer thickness of the layer electrode is optimally utilized.
• a cylindrical roller rotating about the cylinder axis can be used as the pressing tool, which rolls on the layer stack, with which surface portions of the layer are continuously pressed into the metal foil.
• the layer stack is in the form of a band, and a stamp which can be moved transversely to the layer is used as the pressing tool. The following steps are carried out:
• This provides a discontinuous process that is particularly suitable for the section-by-section production of layer electrodes.
• connection between the layer and the metal foil can take place at an oxygen partial pressure which is reduced in relation to the ambient atmosphere.
• a further reduction in the oxidation can be achieved by carrying out the process according to the invention in an inert gas atmosphere or in a vacuum.
• the method for producing a layer electrode can in particular be carried out with metal foils with a thickness between 30 and 150 ⁇ m.
• metal foils allow the production of connection tapes which have a high current carrying capacity.
• a layer is preferably used which has a thickness between 100 and 500 microns.
• Such layers are relatively thin, so that the number of layer electrodes per volume, for example in a capacitor, can be increased, as a result of which the area available for contacting the layers increases. As a result, the ohmic resistance of the component to be produced simultaneously drops in an advantageous manner.
• the layer suitable for electrochemical components is usually carbon-containing. It can be designed as carbon paper, carbon fleece, carbon cloth or also as carbon felt.
• a large number of fibers are also suitable for the layer, all of which run side by side at least in sections in a preferred direction and which are connected to one another by adhesion.
• Such a layer has the advantage that on the weaving of fibers or threads, such as z. B. is the case with towels, can be dispensed with. As a result, the layer can be produced inexpensively.
• the fibers are bonded to one another by adhesion, it is no longer necessary to lay fibers on top of one another and to weave them together in order to establish the cohesion of the elements of the layer, as a result of which it is possible to have significantly smaller layer thicknesses for the layer, namely layer thicknesses between 10 and 500 ⁇ m.
• the fibers can be activated carbon fibers, which are present as a strand (also known as "tow”).
• the adhesion of the fibers to one another can be created, for example, by piercing a strand of fibers from needles with barbs transverse to the fiber direction. After pulling out such needles again, some fiber sections deviate from the preferred direction and are hooked together. This creates mechanical cohesion within the layer.
• the proportion of fiber sections deviating from the preferred direction However, the maximum is 20%, so that the fiber strand differs significantly from a fleece, where the individual fibers have no preferred direction.
• a number of fibers can be stranded together and thus form a yarn.
• This embodiment of the layer has the advantage that the mechanical cohesion transverse to the preferred direction is improved in comparison to the non-stranded fibers.
• the above-mentioned embodiment of the layer also has the advantage that it enables a higher material density than fibers woven together, which means that electrochemical double-layer capacitors produced with the layer can have an increased capacitance.
• a further possibility for producing the mechanical cohesion of the fibers is to sew the fibers to one another transversely to the fiber direction by means of a sewing thread.
• the fibers used are preferably plastics which are converted to carbon fibers by pyrolysis (also known as carbonization) and subsequent activation of the surface.
• the fibers can be sewn with a sewing thread either before pyrolysis and the activation of the
• Plastic raw material take place or only after activation. All materials that do not impair the electrical properties of the electrochemical component are suitable as materials for the sewing thread.
• the electrochemical component is an electrochemical double-layer capacitor, for example come as Sewing thread polypropylene, polyethylene or Teflon into consideration.
• sewing threads with a thickness between 10 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m are preferably used.
• the sewing thread can consist of a single fiber or a thread.
• the cohesion of the fibers within the layer can also be promoted in that a material imparting the adhesion between the fibers is applied in places to the surface of the layer. Likewise, the adhesion of the material mediating between the fibers can be introduced into the layer in places.
• polymer additives are, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl difluoride and tetrafluoropolyethylene.
• the polymer additives are preferably added with a weight fraction between 2 and 20% based on the carbon content of the layer.
• Plastics which contain Cg rings can be used particularly advantageously as the raw material for the fibers. These plastics can be pyrolyzed by heating in the absence of air or in an atmosphere with a low oxygen content, so that they convert almost completely to carbon. This process is also known as carbonization. After the fibers have been carbonized, the surface of the fibers can be activated by etching processes.
• the etching can be carried out by gas treatment, for example using CO2 or H2O, and also chemically or electrochemically.
• gas treatment for example using CO2 or H2O, and also chemically or electrochemically.
• the surfaces of the fibers are greatly enlarged. For example, a specific surface area of 3000 m 2 / g can be generated from a specific surface area of 100 m 2 / g.
• phenol aldehyde fibers cellulose fibers, pitch, polyvinyl alcohol and its derivatives or else polyacrylonitrile can be used as raw materials for the fibers.
• fibers with a thickness between 5 and 50 ⁇ m since with such fibers the production of thin layers with a thickness between 5 and 500 ⁇ m is facilitated.
• very thin fibers it is also possible, if appropriate, to use a plurality of fibers one above the other to form the layer. When using several fibers one above the other, the resulting layer has the advantage of increased mechanical stability. In contrast, however, it is also possible that the layer consists only of a single fiber layer. This allows the thinnest possible layer to be produced for a given fiber thickness.
• the invention specifies a layer electrode for an electrochemical component, in which a surface section of a layer, which rests on a metal foil, is pressed into the metal foil.
• a layer electrode already has the description of the invention Advantages mentioned procedure.
• it has the advantage that it can be made thinner than conventional layer electrodes and that, by dispensing with the deposition of aluminum by means of an arc process, the oxidation of the aluminum is reduced and thus the ohmic resistance of the layer electrode can be reduced in an advantageous manner.
• the layer lying on the metal foil can be pressed over the entire surface of the metal foil. It may be but 'also pressed only surface portions of the layer which are separated by freely supported on the metal foil surface portions in the metal foil.
• FIG. 1 shows an example of an arrangement for carrying out the method according to the invention in a schematic cross section.
• Figure 2 shows an example of a layer electrode according to the invention in schematic cross section.
• Figure 3 shows an example of a layer electrode according to the invention in plan view.
• FIG. 4 shows a pressing tool lying over a stop in a schematic cross section.
• FIG. 5 shows a top view of a layer electrode produced with a pressing tool according to FIG. 4.
• Figure 6 shows an example of a further pressing tool and an associated stop.
• FIG. 7 shows an example of a top view of a layer electrode produced with the pressing tool according to FIG. 6.
• FIG. 8 shows an example of a further arrangement for carrying out the method according to the invention in a schematic cross section.
• FIG. 1 shows an arrangement for carrying out the method according to the invention. It has a pressing tool 5 which is designed in the form of a cylindrical roller. A stop 6 is arranged opposite the pressing tool 5, which is also designed in the form of a cylindrical roller. The pressing tool 5 and the stop 6 rotate about the respective cylinder axis in the opposite direction.
• a band which consists of three superposed sub-bands forming a layer stack 4.
• a metal foil 3 which in the example shown in FIG. 1 is an aluminum foil with a thickness of 100 ⁇ m
• Layer 2 or another layer 14 arranged.
• the layers 2, 14 and the metal foil 3 are in the form of strips which are unwound from rolls 15.
• the belts in the form of a layer stack 4 are transported in a longitudinal direction (see arrow) by the synchronously running cylindrical rollers which exert pressure against one another. At the narrowest point between the rollers, such a high pressure acts on the layers 2, 14 that the layers 2, 14 are pressed into the metal foil 3.
• the metal foil 3 is softened. In the arrangement shown in FIG. 1, this takes place in that the pressing tool 5 and the stop 6 are heated to a temperature between 660 ° C. and 750 ° C. The contained in the press tool 5 or stop 6 Heat can be conducted into the metal foil 3 at the constriction between the pressing tool 5 and the stop 6 without major losses. Since the metal foil 3 is an aluminum foil, it has a melting point of about 660 ° C. A slight exceeding of this melting temperature by the two rollers that press against the aluminum foil is not critical, since an aluminum oxide present on the aluminum foil essentially holds the shape of the foil together. The aluminum foil can also be preheated to a temperature of about 600 ° C.
• the foil when it is being unwound from the roll 15, so that the foil can be heated very quickly to its melting point in the press-in zone.
• the two rollers press against one another with a mechanical pressure which is sufficient to press the layer 2, 14 over part of its thickness D into the softened aluminum foil.
• the metal foil 3 can also be heated so much that it liquefies in places.
• the layer 2, 14 can consist of a carbon material which is in the form of fibers 16 woven together to form a cloth.
• Other embodiments of the carbon material are carbon paper or carbon fleece, in which the fiber direction is arranged essentially parallel to one another on the order of millimeters perpendicular to the material plane, but has no preferred direction within the material plane.
• the layer 2, 14 can, however, also be a strand of fibers running next to one another in a preferred direction, the preferred direction coinciding with the longitudinal direction of the strips.
• the layer 2 or 14 shown in FIG. 1 is a carbon cloth which is composed of a large number of fibers 16 woven together.
• aluminum powder can, for example, be applied to the top of the upper layer 2 before the layers 2, 14 are pressed into the metal foil 3.
• the metal powder 11 can be applied by means of a scattering device 12.
• the spreading device 12 can be designed, for example, in the manner of a pepper shaker.
• the metal powder 11 can also be transported on the metal foil 3 or even on the press tool 5 into the press-in zone.
• the metal powder has particles with an average size of approximately 5 ⁇ m to 2 mm.
• the two rollers used as pressing tool 5 or stop 6 each have a curved but smooth surface 7, 8. It can thereby be achieved that, with a corresponding width of the rolls, layer 2 or layer 14 is pressed into the metal foil 3 over their entire surface. An optimal electrical contact between the metal foil 3 and the layer 2 or 14 is thereby achieved.
• the metal foil 3 coated with the layers 2, 14 can be broken down transversely to the longitudinal direction of the strip into individual sections, which are then stacked one above the other in the capacitor winding of a capacitor.
• the softening or melting of the metal foil 3 can also be caused by an electric current.
• the electric current can flow either between the pressing tool 5 and the stop 6 or between the metal foil 3 and the pressing tool 5 or between the metal foil 3 and the stop 6. It is essentially irrelevant whether the electrical current flows between the uncoated metal foil 3 to the left of the two rollers or whether the electrical current flows through the coated metal foil 3 to the right of the two rollers.
• the highest electrical resistance of the current path at the contact point is either between the press tool 5 and stop 6 or between aluminum foil 3 and press tool 5 or stop 6, so that essentially the heat caused by the current is generated there.
• the heat generated in the heating zone between the pressing tool 5 and the stop 6 can be precisely controlled.
• ultrasonic rollers as a pressing tool 5 or stop 6.
• ultrasonic power can also be radiated in the press-in zone between the pressing tool 5 and the stop 6 in another way, as a result of which the metal foil 3 softens or melts.
• the methods mentioned for softening the metal foil 3 can be used in all possible embodiments of the pressing tool 5 and stop 6.
• FIG. 2 shows a metal foil 3 coated with a layer 2 or 14, as results from a method carried out according to FIG. 1. It can be seen that the fibers 16 of the layers 2, 14 are not pressed into the metal foil 3 over their entire thickness d. You're just over part of their thickness d is embedded in the metal foil 3. This ensures that a sufficient surface of the layer 2, 14 remains which, for example, must interact with an electrolyte in an electrochemical double-layer capacitor in order to display its capacitance. Such an interaction would not be possible if the layer 2, 14 or its fibers 16 were pressed into the metal foil 3 over the entire thickness.
• FIG. 3 shows a top view of a metal foil 3 coated with a layer 2, as results from the method shown in FIG. 1.
• the metal foil 3 has a somewhat larger width than the layer 2, as a result of which a projection is realized which can be used as a connecting ribbon for contacting the metal foil 3 with an external connection of an electrical component.
• FIG. 3 also shows that the layer 2 is pressed into the metal foil 3 over its entire surface, which means that the surface section 1 corresponds to the total surface of the layer 2.
• Figure 4 shows a pressing tool 5 and a stop 6 as it can be used in an arrangement according to Figure 1 in cross section.
• the surface 7 of the pressing tool 5 and the surface 8 of the stop 6 are not smooth but are provided with elevations 9 or depressions 18.
• These elevations 9 have the form of annular projections which run around cylindrical rollers in the circumferential direction.
• the elevations 9 and the arrangement of the pressing tool 5 and the stop 6 are chosen so that an elevation 9 of the pressing tool 5 meets an elevation 9 of the stop 6.
• the elevations 9 of the pressing tool 5 are therefore congruent over the elevations 9 of the stop 6.
• FIG. 5 shows a top view of a coated metal foil 3 produced with an arrangement according to FIG. 1 using pressing tool 5 and stop 6 according to FIG. 4.
• the representation according to FIG. 5 corresponds to the dimensions of the representation in FIG. 3.
• the surface sections 1 in which the layer 2 is pressed into the metal foil 3 now run along longitudinal paths and are free from further longitudinal paths of the metal foil 3 represent overlying sections 10 of the layer 2, separated from one another.
• FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of the pressing tool 5 or stop 6, as can be used in an arrangement for carrying out the method according to the invention according to FIG. 8.
• the surface 7, 8 of the pressing tool 5 or the stop 6 facing the layer 2 or 14 is shown in each case.
• the pressing tool 5 is characterized by a flat surface 7 which has elevations 9 in the form of small cubes.
• FIG. 7 shows a coated metal foil 3 with dimensions that correspond to the representations in FIG. 5 or FIG. 3.
• the layer 2 is connected to the metal foil 3 in longitudinal sections 13.
• the layer 2 is pressed into the metal foil 3 only at the locations where the elevations 9 of the pressing tool 5 are located.
• the surface sections 1 at which the layer 2 is pressed into the metal foil 3 are located at these points.
• sections 10 of layer 2 are formed, which lie freely on the metal foil 3.
• the metal foil 3 shown in FIG. 7 has the same advantages as the metal foil 3 shown in FIG.
• a coated metal foil 3 according to FIG. 7 can be used to implement an electrochemical double capacitor with increased capacitance compared to a capacitor with a coated metal foil 3 according to FIG.
• FIG. 8 shows a further arrangement for carrying out the method according to the invention, which is similar to that shown in FIG. 1.
• a stamp which can be moved transversely to the belt direction and is otherwise stationary is used as the pressing tool 5 and a fixed block is used as the stop 6. Since in this arrangement press tool 5 and stop 6 one
• Layer stack 4 of several strips no longer in the longitudinal direction device can be transported, it is necessary to provide an additional belt transport device 17.
• the method for producing a layer electrode according to FIG. 8 is carried out in that the tape transport device 17 transports the overlying tapes of layer 2, metal foil 3 and layer 14 around a longitudinal section 13. Then the pressing tool 5 is on the stop
• the pressing tool 5 then moves upwards, as a result of which the layer stack 4 is released for a further transport step around a longitudinal section 13 by means of the belt transport device 17.
• the belt transport device 17 can be realized, for example, by means of rollers pressed onto the layer stack 4, as have already been shown in accordance with FIG. 1. In contrast to FIG. 1, the rollers do not necessarily have to be electrically conductive, as would be necessary for heating the metal foil 3 by means of an electrical current.
• the paper and the fleece are two-dimensional structures, while in the case of felt, carbon fibers run in three dimensions, ie in all three spatial directions.
• the described invention is not limited to electrochemical double-layer capacitors, but can also be used for other electrochemical components such as batteries or asymmetrical capacitors in which the charge storage is realized by the pseudo capacitance of one or both electrode layers. Accordingly, it is also not necessary for the layers 2 or 14 used to contain activated carbon fiber material. The activation of the carbon material is only advantageous for the use of the layer electrodes in electrochemical double-layer capacitors.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
• Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
• Bipolar Transistors (AREA)
• Cold Cathode And The Manufacture (AREA)
• Electrodes Of Semiconductors (AREA)
• Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
• Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)

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• 2001
  • 2001-03-23 DE DE10114185A patent/DE10114185B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2002
  • 2002-01-17 WO PCT/DE2002/000131 patent/WO2002078025A2/de not_active Ceased
  • 2002-01-17 DE DE50214252T patent/DE50214252D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-01-17 CN CNA028070909A patent/CN1606787A/zh active Pending
  • 2002-01-17 AT AT02701196T patent/ATE459968T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2002-01-17 EP EP02701196A patent/EP1371073B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-01-17 AU AU2002234502A patent/AU2002234502A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2002-01-17 US US10/472,914 patent/US6876539B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2002-01-17 JP JP2002575970A patent/JP2004527119A/ja active Pending

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