WO2002067630A1 - Heating cable of multi-layer construction - Google Patents

Heating cable of multi-layer construction Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002067630A1
WO2002067630A1 PCT/EP2001/011956 EP0111956W WO02067630A1 WO 2002067630 A1 WO2002067630 A1 WO 2002067630A1 EP 0111956 W EP0111956 W EP 0111956W WO 02067630 A1 WO02067630 A1 WO 02067630A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heating cable
layer
cable according
spacer
heating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2001/011956
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Renato Parun
Original Assignee
Thermon Europe B.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by Thermon Europe B.V. filed Critical Thermon Europe B.V.
Priority to EA200300148A priority Critical patent/EA004666B1/en
Priority to DE50107297T priority patent/DE50107297D1/en
Priority to EP01273768A priority patent/EP1297722B1/en
Priority to AT01273768T priority patent/ATE303709T1/en
Publication of WO2002067630A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002067630A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
    • H05B3/56—Heating cables

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heating cable with a multilayer structure.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve a heating cable in such a way that it is particularly resistant to external mechanical loads (kinks).
  • a heating cable with a multi-layer structure which has at least one central, electrically conductive heating conductor and two electrically insulating and essentially air-impermeable layers, which are arranged in such a way that an air cushion can form between them.
  • a spacer can be provided to avoid direct contact between the two substantially air-impermeable layers.
  • the spacer can be a layer with a fibrous, braided, cell-like or porous structure.
  • the spacer can be designed in the sense of a mechanical reinforcement function.
  • the spacer can be a reinforcement layer made of a metallic wire mesh, which can consist of nickel-plated copper wires.
  • At least one of the substantially air impermeable layers can be made of perfluoroalkoxy copolymer (PFA).
  • PFA perfluoroalkoxy copolymer
  • a layer of a non-metallic fiber material can be provided between at least one of the essentially air-impermeable layers and the spacer.
  • the layer of a non-metallic fiber material can consist of a glass fiber ceramic tape.
  • a heating cable according to the invention is designated 6.
  • Such a heating cable can be used, for example, as a series heating cable for keeping the process temperature constant. Due to the structure explained in more detail below, it can also be used in potentially explosive areas.
  • Such a heating cable 6 with series resistance has a constant active power defined by the voltage, the resistance and the length of the cable. For example, a process temperature of up to 280 ° C can be maintained. A typical supply voltage is 750 V. This means that output powers in the range of 25 W / min can be achieved.
  • the structure of the heating cable 6 according to the invention is to be explained from the inside to the outside.
  • An electrical heating conductor 1 is provided centrally in the heating cable 6. This is surrounded by a first insulation layer 2, for example made of PFA or a comparable plastic material.
  • a glass fiber ceramic tape layer 3 which is shown in FIG Interaction with a reinforcing layer 4 arranged radially from it outside (as shown) or inside (not shown) provides protection against mechanical damage.
  • the glass fiber ceramic tape layer 3 is formed similar to a glass silk mixed with minerals.
  • the sandwich structure of the glass fiber ceramic band layer 3 / reinforcement layer 4 further increases the mechanical protective properties.
  • the glass fiber ceramic tape layer 3 also prevents the reinforcement layer 4 from cutting into the PFA layer 2 located thereunder when the PFA layer 2 is thermally expanded. It should also be borne in mind that the PFA material softens at higher temperatures.
  • the glass fiber ceramic tape layer 3 thus has a mechanical protective and electrical insulating function at the same time.
  • a further glass fiber ceramic band layer can be provided outside the reinforcement layer 4 in addition to the glass ceramic band layer 3 already shown.
  • the reinforcement layer 4 is again protected from the outside by a further electrically insulating layer 5, which can also consist, for example, of perfluoroalkoxy copolymer material (PFA).
  • PFA perfluoroalkoxy copolymer material
  • the two electrically insulating layers 2, 5 are both essentially and ideally completely completely impermeable to air, so that a mechanically protective air cushion is formed between them if the cross sections are dimensioned accordingly.
  • the glass ceramic tape layer 3 and the reinforcement layer 4 are essentially permeable to air and therefore have the function of a spacer which prevents direct contact between the two layers 2, 5 as far as possible. Therefore, the reinforcement layer 4 is also designed in such a way that it completely surrounds the layers underneath - for example in contrast to earthing straps with a comparable structure - both with regard to the longitudinal extent and the circumferential direction of the heating cable. The complete surrounding in all dimensions guarantees that the spacer effect and thus also the protective air cushion are always present.
  • This air cushioning is achieved on the one hand by the braided structure of the reinforcement layer 4 and on the other hand by a corresponding dimensioning of the inside diameter of the reinforcement layer 4 with respect to the outside diameter of the glass fiber ceramic band layer 3.
  • the diameter of the reinforcement layer 4 can, for example, be deliberately overdimensioned in order to ensure a sufficient strength of the air cushion which is thereby created.
  • the reinforcement layer 4 has some play with respect to the layers below it, but can be surrounded by the layer 5 in a tight manner on the outside.
  • the braided structure of the reinforcement layer 4 also ensures that a certain volume of air can form between the glass fiber ceramic band layer 3 and the outer protective layer 5.
  • reinforcement layer based on wire mesh
  • spacers can also be used which have, for example, a porous, fibrous, braided or cell-like (open or closed) structure.
  • the mechanical protective effect is achieved on the one hand by the air cushion and on the other hand by the sandwich structure.
  • the advantage in terms of a synergetic effect is that both protective measures can be provided independently of one another, but complement each other in that they develop a protective effect with regard to different mechanical influences from the outside.
  • the heating cable according to the invention When used as a heating cable, the heating cable according to the invention has the advantages that it is highly flexible and chemically resistant, enables constant heating power (active power), large heating circuit lengths are possible and the supply voltage can be up to 750 V.

Abstract

Electrical heating cables (6) find application in the maintenance of a constant process temperature as serial resistance heaters. Such a heating cable (6) comprises a multi-layer construction, of, from inside out, a heating conductor (1), a first insulation layer (2), made from PFA, a layer (3), made from glass fibre ceramic strip, a reinforcement layer (4), a wire mesh and a further PFA insulation layer (5). The sensitive heating conductor (1) is, in particular, well protected from external mechanical influences, by means of the interaction of the glass fibre ceramic strip (3) and the reinforcing layer (4).

Description

Heizkabel mit Mebxschichtaufbau Heating cable with mebx layer structure
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Heizkabel mit Mehrschichtaufbau.The present invention relates to a heating cable with a multilayer structure.
Die Verwendung von elektrischen Heizkabeln, die einen nach außen isolierten Heizleiter aufweisen, ist gut bekannt. Derartige Heizkabel werden beispielsweise zur Prozesstemperatur-Konstanthaltung als Serien- Widerstandsheizungen verwendet.The use of electrical heating cables that have an externally insulated heating conductor is well known. Such heating cables are used, for example, to keep the process temperature constant as series resistance heaters.
Die vorliegende Erfindung hat sich zur Aufgabe gestellt, ein Heizkabel derartig zu verbessern, dass es insbesondere gegenüber äußeren mechanischen Belastungen (Knicken) besonders widerstandsfähig ist.The object of the present invention is to improve a heating cable in such a way that it is particularly resistant to external mechanical loads (kinks).
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Die abhängigen Ansprüche bilden den zentralen Gedanken der Erfindung in besonders vorteilhafter Weise weiter.This object is achieved by the features of claim 1. The dependent claims further develop the central idea of the invention in a particularly advantageous manner.
Erfindungsgemäß ist ein Heizkabel mit Mehrschichtaufbau vorgesehen, das wenigstens einen zentralen elektrisch leitfähigen Heizleiter und zwei elektrisch isolierende und im wesentlichen luftundurchlässige Schichten aufweist, die derart angeordnet sind, dass sich zwischen ihnen ein Luftpolster ausbilden kann.According to the invention, a heating cable with a multi-layer structure is provided, which has at least one central, electrically conductive heating conductor and two electrically insulating and essentially air-impermeable layers, which are arranged in such a way that an air cushion can form between them.
Zur Vermeidung eines direkten Kontakts der beiden im wesentlichen luftundurchlässigen Schichten kann ein Abstandshalter vorgesehen sein.A spacer can be provided to avoid direct contact between the two substantially air-impermeable layers.
Der Abstandshalter kann eine Schicht mit faseriger, geflochtener, zellartiger oder poröser Struktur sein.The spacer can be a layer with a fibrous, braided, cell-like or porous structure.
Der Abstandshalter kann im Sinne einer mechanischen Verstärkungsfunktion ausgelegt sein. Der Abstandshalter kann eine Verstärkungsschicht aus einem metallischen Drahtgeflecht sein, das aus vernickelten Kupfer-Drähten bestehen kann.The spacer can be designed in the sense of a mechanical reinforcement function. The spacer can be a reinforcement layer made of a metallic wire mesh, which can consist of nickel-plated copper wires.
Wenigstens eine der im wesentlichen luftundurchlässigen Schichten kann aus Perfluoralkoxy-Copolymer (PFA) bestehen.At least one of the substantially air impermeable layers can be made of perfluoroalkoxy copolymer (PFA).
Zwischen wenigstens einer der im wesentlichen luftundurchlässigen Schichten und dem Abstandshalter kann eine Schicht aus einem nichtmetallischen Fasermaterial vorgesehen sein.A layer of a non-metallic fiber material can be provided between at least one of the essentially air-impermeable layers and the spacer.
Die Schicht aus einem nichtmetallischen Fasermaterial kann aus einem Glasfaserkeramikband bestehen.The layer of a non-metallic fiber material can consist of a glass fiber ceramic tape.
Unter Bezugnahme auf die beiliegende einzige Figur der Zeichnungen sollen nunmehr weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Eigenschaften der Erfindung näher erläutert werden.With reference to the accompanying single figure of the drawings, further advantages, features and properties of the invention will now be explained in more detail.
In der Figur ist ein erfindungsgemäßes Heizkabel mit 6 bezeichnet. Ein solches Heizkabel lässt sich beispielsweise als Serienheizleitung zur Prozesstemperatur- Konstanthaltung verwenden. Aufgrund des im folgendem näher erläuterten Aufbaus lässt es sich auch im explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen verwenden.In the figure, a heating cable according to the invention is designated 6. Such a heating cable can be used, for example, as a series heating cable for keeping the process temperature constant. Due to the structure explained in more detail below, it can also be used in potentially explosive areas.
Ein derartiges Heizkabel 6 mit Serienwiderstand weist eine konstante, durch die Spannung, den Widerstand und die Länge des Kabels definierte Wirkleistung auf. Beispielsweise kann damit eine Prozesstemperatur bis zu 280°C aufrechterhalten werden. Eine typische Versorgungsspannung beträgt 750 V. Damit lassen sich Ausgangsleistungen im Bereich von 25 W/min erzielen.Such a heating cable 6 with series resistance has a constant active power defined by the voltage, the resistance and the length of the cable. For example, a process temperature of up to 280 ° C can be maintained. A typical supply voltage is 750 V. This means that output powers in the range of 25 W / min can be achieved.
Zumehr soll der Aufbau des erfindungsgemäßen Heizkabels 6 von innen nach außen erläutert werden. Zentral ist in dem Heizkabel 6 ein elektrischer Heizleiter 1 vorgesehen. Dieser ist von einer ersten Isolierungsschicht 2, beispielsweise aus PFA oder aus einem vergleichbaren Kunststoffmaterial, umgeben. An diese erste elektrisch isolierende Schicht 2 grenzt eine Glasfaserkeramikbandschicht 3, die in Zusammenwirkung mit einer radial von ihr außerhalb (wie dargestellt) bzw. innerhalb (nicht dargestellt) angeordneten Verstärkungsschicht 4 einen Schutz gegen mechanische Beschädigung bietet. Die Glasfaserkeramikbandschicht 3 ist ähnlich einer mit Mineralien versetzte Glasseide gebildet.The structure of the heating cable 6 according to the invention is to be explained from the inside to the outside. An electrical heating conductor 1 is provided centrally in the heating cable 6. This is surrounded by a first insulation layer 2, for example made of PFA or a comparable plastic material. A glass fiber ceramic tape layer 3, which is shown in FIG Interaction with a reinforcing layer 4 arranged radially from it outside (as shown) or inside (not shown) provides protection against mechanical damage. The glass fiber ceramic tape layer 3 is formed similar to a glass silk mixed with minerals.
Die Sandwichstruktur der Glasfaserkeramikbandschicht 3 / Verstärkungsschicht 4 erhöht dabei weiter die mechanischen Schutzeigenschaften.The sandwich structure of the glass fiber ceramic band layer 3 / reinforcement layer 4 further increases the mechanical protective properties.
Die Glasfaserkeramikbandschicht 3 verhindert auch, das bei einer thermischen Ausdehnung der darunter befindlichen PFA-Schicht 2 die Verstärkungsschicht 4 in diese einschneidet. Dabei ist auch zu bedenken, dass sich das PFA-Material bei höheren Temperaturen erweicht. Die Glasfaserkeramikbandschicht 3 hat somit gleichzeitig mechanische Schutz- und elektrische Isolierfunktion.The glass fiber ceramic tape layer 3 also prevents the reinforcement layer 4 from cutting into the PFA layer 2 located thereunder when the PFA layer 2 is thermally expanded. It should also be borne in mind that the PFA material softens at higher temperatures. The glass fiber ceramic tape layer 3 thus has a mechanical protective and electrical insulating function at the same time.
Selbstverständlich kann eine weitere Glasfaserkeramikbandschicht außerhalb der Verstärkungsschicht 4 zusätzlich zu der bereits gezeigten Glaskeramikbandschicht 3 vorgesehen sein.Of course, a further glass fiber ceramic band layer can be provided outside the reinforcement layer 4 in addition to the glass ceramic band layer 3 already shown.
Die Verstärkungsschicht 4 ist nach außen nochmals durch eine weitere elektrisch isolierende Schicht 5 geschützt, die beispielsweise auch aus Perfluoralkoxy- Copolymermaterial (PFA) bestehen kann.The reinforcement layer 4 is again protected from the outside by a further electrically insulating layer 5, which can also consist, for example, of perfluoroalkoxy copolymer material (PFA).
Die beiden elektrisch isolierenden Schichten 2, 5 sind beide im wesentlichen und im Idealfall vollständig luftundurchlässig, so dass sich zwischen ihnen bei einer entsprechenden Bemessung ihrer Querschnitte ein mechanisch schützendes Luftpolster ausbildet. Die Glaskeramikbandschicht 3 und die Verstärkungsschicht 4 sind im wesentlichen luftdurchlässig und haben daher die Funktion eines Abstandshalters, der eine direkte Berührung der beiden Schichten 2, 5 möglichst verhindert. Daher ist die Verstärkungsschicht 4 auch derart ausgebildet, dass sie die darunterliegenden Schichten - bspw. im Gegensatz zu Erdungsbändern mit vergleichbarer Struktur - vollständig umgibt, und zwar sowohl hinsichtlich der Längserstreckung wie auch der Umfangsrichtung des Heizkabels. Das vollständige Umgeben in allen Dimensionen garantiert, dass die Abstandshalter-Wirkung und somit auch das schützende Luftpolster immer vorhanden sind.The two electrically insulating layers 2, 5 are both essentially and ideally completely completely impermeable to air, so that a mechanically protective air cushion is formed between them if the cross sections are dimensioned accordingly. The glass ceramic tape layer 3 and the reinforcement layer 4 are essentially permeable to air and therefore have the function of a spacer which prevents direct contact between the two layers 2, 5 as far as possible. Therefore, the reinforcement layer 4 is also designed in such a way that it completely surrounds the layers underneath - for example in contrast to earthing straps with a comparable structure - both with regard to the longitudinal extent and the circumferential direction of the heating cable. The complete surrounding in all dimensions guarantees that the spacer effect and thus also the protective air cushion are always present.
Diese Luftpolsterung wird einerseits durch die geflochtene Struktur der Verstärkungsschicht 4 und andererseits durch eine entsprechende Bemessung des Innendurchmessers der Verstärkungsschicht 4 bezüglich des Außendurchmessers der Glasfaserkeramikbandschicht 3 erreicht. Der Durchmesser der Verstärkungsschicht 4 kann bspw. bewusst etwas überdimensioniert werden, um eine ausreichende Stärke des sich dadurch einstellenden Luftpolsters sicherzustellen. Die Verstärkungsschicht 4 hat etwas Spiel bezüglich der darunterliegenden Schichten, kann aber durch die Schicht 5 außen enganliegend umgeben sein.This air cushioning is achieved on the one hand by the braided structure of the reinforcement layer 4 and on the other hand by a corresponding dimensioning of the inside diameter of the reinforcement layer 4 with respect to the outside diameter of the glass fiber ceramic band layer 3. The diameter of the reinforcement layer 4 can, for example, be deliberately overdimensioned in order to ensure a sufficient strength of the air cushion which is thereby created. The reinforcement layer 4 has some play with respect to the layers below it, but can be surrounded by the layer 5 in a tight manner on the outside.
Durch die geflochtene Struktur der Verstärkungsschicht 4 wird somit auch erreicht, dass sich ein gewisses Luftvolumen zwischen der Glasfaserkeramikbandschicht 3 und der äußeren Schutzschicht 5 ausbilden kann.The braided structure of the reinforcement layer 4 also ensures that a certain volume of air can form between the glass fiber ceramic band layer 3 and the outer protective layer 5.
Selbstverständlich können statt der Verstärkungsschicht auf Drahtgeflechtbasis auch andere Abstandshalter verwendet werden, die bspw. eine poröse, faserige, geflochtene oder zellartige (offen oder geschlossen) Struktur besitzen.Of course, instead of the reinforcement layer based on wire mesh, other spacers can also be used which have, for example, a porous, fibrous, braided or cell-like (open or closed) structure.
Zusammengefasst wird die mechanische Schutzwirkung also einerseits durch das Luftpolster und andererseits durch die Sandwichstruktur erreicht. Der Vorteil im Sinne eines synergetischen Effekts besteht darin, dass beide Schutzmaßnahmen zwar unabhängig voneinander vorgesehen sein können, sich aber dahingehend ergänzen, dass sie eine Schutzwirkung bezüglich unterschiedlicher mechanischer Einflüsse von außen entfalten.In summary, the mechanical protective effect is achieved on the one hand by the air cushion and on the other hand by the sandwich structure. The advantage in terms of a synergetic effect is that both protective measures can be provided independently of one another, but complement each other in that they develop a protective effect with regard to different mechanical influences from the outside.
Das erfindungsgemäße Heizkabel hat bei einer Verwendung als Heizleitung die Vorteile, dass es hoch flexibel und chemisch beständig ist, eine konstante Heizleistung (Wirkleistung) ermöglicht, große Heizkreislängen möglich sind und die Versorgungsspannung bis 750 V betragen kann. When used as a heating cable, the heating cable according to the invention has the advantages that it is highly flexible and chemically resistant, enables constant heating power (active power), large heating circuit lengths are possible and the supply voltage can be up to 750 V.

Claims

Ansprüche: Expectations:
1. Heizkabel mit Mehrschichtaufbau, das von innen nach außen wenigstens die folgenden Elemente aufweist: - einen zentralen elektrisch leitfähigen Heizleiter (1) und1. Heating cable with a multilayer structure, which has at least the following elements from the inside out: - a central electrically conductive heating conductor (1) and
- zwei elektrisch isolierende und im wesentlichen luftundurchlässige Schichten (2, 5), die derart angeordnet sind, dass sich zwischen ihnen ein Luftpolster ausbilden kann- Two electrically insulating and essentially air-impermeable layers (2, 5), which are arranged in such a way that an air cushion can form between them
2. Heizkabel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Vermeidung eines direkten Kontakts der beiden im wesentlichen luftundurchlässigen Schichten (2, 5) ein Abstandshalter (4) vorgesehen ist.2. Heating cable according to claim 1, characterized in that a spacer (4) is provided to avoid direct contact between the two substantially air-impermeable layers (2, 5).
3. Heizkabel nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abstandshalter eine Schicht (4) mit faseriger, geflochtener, zellartiger oder poröser Struktur ist.3. Heating cable according to claim 2, characterized in that the spacer is a layer (4) with a fibrous, braided, cell-like or porous structure.
4. Heizkabel nach einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abstandshalter (4) zu einer mechanische Verstärkungsfunktion ausgelegt ist.4. Heating cable according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the spacer (4) is designed for a mechanical reinforcement function.
5. Heizkabel nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abstandshalter eine Verstärkungsschicht aus einem metallischen Drahtgeflecht (4) ist. 5. Heating cable according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the spacer is a reinforcing layer made of a metallic wire mesh (4).
6. Heizkabel nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das metallische Drahtgeflecht (4) aus vernickelten Kupfer-Drähten besteht.6. Heating cable according to claim 5, characterized in that the metallic wire mesh (4) consists of nickel-plated copper wires.
7. Heizkabel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens eine der im wesentlichen luftundurchlässigen Schichten (2, 5) aus Perfluoralkoxy-Copolymer (PFA) besteht.7. Heating cable according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the substantially air-impermeable layers (2, 5) consists of perfluoroalkoxy copolymer (PFA).
8. Heizkabel nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen wenigstens einer der im wesentlichen luftundurchlässigen Schichten (2, 5) und dem Abstandshalter (4) eine Schicht (3) aus einem nichtmetallischen Fasermaterial vorgesehen ist.8. Heating cable according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that between at least one of the substantially air-impermeable layers (2, 5) and the spacer (4), a layer (3) is provided from a non-metallic fiber material.
9. Heizkabel nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schicht aus einem nichtmetallischen Fasermaterial aus einem9. Heating cable according to claim 8, characterized in that the layer of a non-metallic fiber material made of a
Glasfaserkeramikband (3) besteht. Glass fiber ceramic tape (3).
PCT/EP2001/011956 2001-02-16 2001-10-16 Heating cable of multi-layer construction WO2002067630A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EA200300148A EA004666B1 (en) 2001-02-16 2001-10-16 Heating cable of multi-layer construction
DE50107297T DE50107297D1 (en) 2001-02-16 2001-10-16 HEATING CABLE WITH MULTILAYER CONSTRUCTION
EP01273768A EP1297722B1 (en) 2001-02-16 2001-10-16 Heating cable of multi-layer construction
AT01273768T ATE303709T1 (en) 2001-02-16 2001-10-16 HEATING CABLE WITH MULTI-LAYER CONSTRUCTION

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10107429A DE10107429B4 (en) 2001-02-16 2001-02-16 Heating cable with multi-layer construction
DE10107429.8 2001-02-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002067630A1 true WO2002067630A1 (en) 2002-08-29

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EP (1) EP1297722B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE303709T1 (en)
DE (2) DE10107429B4 (en)
EA (1) EA004666B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2002067630A1 (en)

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US20140224521A1 (en) * 2013-02-12 2014-08-14 Nexans Electrical cable resistant to partial discharges
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DE20006222U1 (en) * 2000-04-06 2000-07-27 Hemstedt Dieter Electric heating cable

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202008016069U1 (en) * 2008-12-04 2009-12-03 Trace Tec Begleitheizungstechnik Gmbh Device for heating surfaces
US20140224521A1 (en) * 2013-02-12 2014-08-14 Nexans Electrical cable resistant to partial discharges
US9362019B2 (en) * 2013-02-12 2016-06-07 Nexans Electrical cable resistant to partial discharges
CN108521689A (en) * 2018-05-16 2018-09-11 无锡市环球电器装备有限公司 Intelligent extra long distance heats cable

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EA004666B1 (en) 2004-06-24
EP1297722A1 (en) 2003-04-02
DE10107429B4 (en) 2005-09-29
EA200300148A1 (en) 2003-06-26
ATE303709T1 (en) 2005-09-15
DE10107429A1 (en) 2002-09-12
EP1297722B1 (en) 2005-08-31
DE50107297D1 (en) 2005-10-06

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