WO2002057133A2 - Ship propulsion system - Google Patents

Ship propulsion system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002057133A2
WO2002057133A2 PCT/DE2002/000103 DE0200103W WO02057133A2 WO 2002057133 A2 WO2002057133 A2 WO 2002057133A2 DE 0200103 W DE0200103 W DE 0200103W WO 02057133 A2 WO02057133 A2 WO 02057133A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
drive
rudder propeller
ship
drive according
shock
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2002/000103
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2002057133A3 (en
Inventor
Stephan Brabeck
Armin Drefs
Rainer Hartig
Manfred Heer
Stefan Richter
Reinhold Reuter
Wolfgang Rzadki
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2002057133A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002057133A2/en
Publication of WO2002057133A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002057133A3/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G13/00—Other offensive or defensive arrangements on vessels; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63G13/02—Camouflage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/30—Mounting of propulsion plant or unit, e.g. for anti-vibration purposes
    • B63H21/305—Mounting of propulsion plant or unit, e.g. for anti-vibration purposes with passive vibration damping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
    • B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
    • B63H5/125—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers movably mounted with respect to hull, e.g. adjustable in direction, e.g. podded azimuthing thrusters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
    • B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
    • B63H5/125—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers movably mounted with respect to hull, e.g. adjustable in direction, e.g. podded azimuthing thrusters
    • B63H2005/1254—Podded azimuthing thrusters, i.e. podded thruster units arranged inboard for rotation about vertical axis
    • B63H2005/1258—Podded azimuthing thrusters, i.e. podded thruster units arranged inboard for rotation about vertical axis with electric power transmission to propellers, i.e. with integrated electric propeller motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H2021/003—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the power plant using fuel cells for energy supply or accumulation, e.g. for buffering photovoltaic energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a drive for ships, especially naval ships.
  • a disadvantage of the previously known drives is, on the one hand, that they cannot be operated or can only be operated with limited noise, in particular since the drives for generating electrical energy are generally extremely noisy and radiation-intensive during operation, that is to say a high level have acoustic and electromagnetic signatures, which is particularly disadvantageous for naval ships because they are easier to detect.
  • a ship, especially a naval ship is not recognizable without a signature and is therefore not recognizable Attack threat exposed. Since a ship is inconceivable without repercussions on its surroundings, this has a signature and can be detected accordingly for modern weapon systems, in particular so-called intelligent weapon systems. In the worst case, a ship can be clearly identified via its signature profile and targeted accordingly and likely to be combated.
  • Signatures are influences or repercussions of the ship on the natural, undisturbed environment. Such influences are essential for the magnetic, thermal and / or acoustic environment and change
  • the main sources of noise in the acoustic signal are the normally permanent-magnet synchronous motors and the roller bearings of the drives.
  • the structure-borne noise is transmitted to the propellers via the shaft and converted into water sound, while the structure-borne noise is transmitted via the roller bearings.
  • outer rings to the housing for example the nacelle housing of a rudder propeller drive, are transmitted and emitted as water sound, and tangential forces, excited by current harmonics, act on the stator of the Synchronm machine and transmit the resulting structure-borne noise to the housing so that the tangential forces are also emitted as water-borne noise.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing a drive for ships, in particular naval ships, which can be operated extremely quietly with the lowest possible signature and high efficiency and can be adapted to a wide variety of operating conditions.
  • the present invention provides a drive for ships, in particular naval ships, the rudder propeller drive consisting of a rotatable azimuth module having an energy transmission device and a gondola-like module arranged thereon
  • Propulsion module which is provided with an electric drive motor for one or two propellers, characterized in that the rudder bollard drive (1) is elastically, in particular shock-proof, mounted.
  • the rudder propeller drive machine is designed to be noise-suppressed.
  • the housing of the machine is arranged in a passive embodiment in a housing, the intermediate space being filled with water, so that the housing of the machine is surrounded by a water jacket.
  • the rudder propeller drive is extremely quiet, which results in a reduction in the acoustic signature and a reduction in the electromagnetic signature due to the shielding provided by the water jacket.
  • the drive advantageously comprises an electrical vibration generator and / or a magnetic field generator for compensating the electromagnetic radiation of the drive as active noise damping.
  • piezo noise springs, plates or other noise generators for compensating or emulating machine noises are arranged on the machine housing.
  • the shaft, gearbox and shaft bearing, which usually transmit structure-borne noise into the ship's structure and thus into the water, are advantageously mechanically decoupled. Due to the lack of a rigid mechanical connection between the sound generator, i.e. the motor or the machine of the drive, and the ship structure, this sound path is omitted, so that the acoustic signature is further reduced.
  • the sound signature of the ship is ' freely configurable, advantageously depending on the sound generator, the damping and the converter control. Not only can the electromagnetic and acoustic signatures of the ship be reduced, but also influenced, preferably for imitation of other ships or for deception, particularly in the case of naval ships.
  • the rudder propeller drive advantageously has at least one fuel cell module for generating electrical energy.
  • the use of fuel cell modules enables particularly quiet operation.
  • a fuel cell module consists of interconnected fuel cells.
  • the DC network e.g. four fuel cell modules, each with 4.5 MW, each fuel cell module being composed of approximately thirty interconnected fuel cells, each with approximately 0.15 MW.
  • Fuel cells are characterized by a high electrical efficiency, good part-load behavior, low pollutant emissions and extremely low noise levels and are therefore suitable for both decentralized and central applications, such as are provided for the electrical propulsion system for ships according to the invention.
  • the drive advantageously has a DC intermediate circuit for coupling the ship's on-board network to the fuel cell module.
  • the energy transmission advantageously takes place both from a direct current network and from an alternating current network of the ship to the ship
  • the AC network uses AC / DC converters for this.
  • converters are used in accordance with the invention, which convert the electrical energy made available to the on-board electrical system into alternating voltage, since consumers to be supplied via the on-board network are usually alternating current consumers.
  • the bearings of the rotor of the synchronous motor, or possibly an asynchronous motor of the drive, are advantageously also provided with active and / or passive sound-absorbing elements in order to reduce the signature of the ship and / or to imitate the signatures of other ships.
  • the drive has an independent and independent emergency energy system, preferably consisting of at least one fuel cell and / or at least one auxiliary generator, which is used both for maneuvering the ship, for example in the area of a port or the like can be used as an emergency drive for the ship, for example in the event of failure of energy supply devices for the drives in the event of a hit or the like.
  • an independent and independent emergency energy system preferably consisting of at least one fuel cell and / or at least one auxiliary generator, which is used both for maneuvering the ship, for example in the area of a port or the like can be used as an emergency drive for the ship, for example in the event of failure of energy supply devices for the drives in the event of a hit or the like.
  • Figure 1 shows the concept of the drive according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 in a schematic side view of the storage and
  • FIG. 3 an end view according to FIG. 2.
  • the electric drive system has four drives which can be operated independently of one another depending on the operating state, two rudder propeller drives 1 arranged in particular in the stern area of the ship and two redundant water jet drives 2.
  • the rudder propeller drives 1 obtain their energy from a direct voltage network (SSBl), in a range from DC 1 ... n kV.
  • Inverter units 3 consisting of HV IGBT power cards and diode power cards, convert the DC voltage into an AC voltage system with variable voltage and frequency.
  • Each of the two rudder propeller drives 1 consists of the following components:
  • Converter cabinet group with power section, control and regulating section, cooling system Azimuth control - Azimuth drive rudder propeller
  • An emergency and maneuvering drive is advantageously arranged in the foredeck area, which can also be designed as a rudder propeller, for example.
  • This rudder propeller with motor 25 is advantageously designed to be retractable and is shock-damped, so that it is extremely quiet.
  • FIG. 2 and 3 show the arrangement of the rudder propeller drives outboard of the ship.
  • the rudder propeller is there of a rotatable azimuth module having the energy transmission device and a propulsion module arranged thereon in a gondola-like manner, which is provided with a drive motor for a propeller.
  • the rudder propeller also known in practice under the designation “SSP”, is a rotatable ship propulsion which is preferably arranged in the area of the stern of a ship and... At the same time fulfills the functions of propulsion, rudder and feed generation the rudder propellers are adjustable by means of hydraulic or electric motors 22 attached to the support structure 18.
  • the rudder propellers 1, as can be seen in FIG.
  • the rudder propeller drives 5 have winged CFRP propellers 23. Below the support cylinder 21 and above the rudder propellers 1, these each have a control flap 24, which provides additional control options by guiding the water flow.
  • the electrical energy is transmitted from the converter 3 located in the ship to the motor located in the rotatable propulsion module via cables and a slip ring unit.
  • the slip ring unit allows unlimited rotary movements.
  • the connections between the converter and slip ring as well as between slip ring and motor connection rail system are implemented with cables.
  • the components of the converter system 3 are combined in a cabinet group and consist of the components power section, control and regulating section, recooling system.
  • the motor of the propeller drive 1 is fed by an inverter unit 3, which is arranged in the ship.
  • the inverter unit 3 generates a voltage system regulated in frequency, amplitude and phase position.
  • the voltage form is adapted to the current needs of the motor and the higher-level control system as well as the desired noise signature.
  • the main network of the electric drive system according to FIG. 1 is used for propelling the ship and consists of a DC network DC 1 ... n kV network and an AC network, in the present case a medium voltage network with 11 kV / 60 Hz.
  • the DC network is half in ship security area 1 and 3 (SSBl and SSB3).
  • the two subnetworks are connected to each other by a transition, which is closed in normal operation via corresponding switch positions.
  • the electrical energy for the low-noise operating state is provided, for example, by the low-noise operating state by four fuel line modules 17, which supply the rudder propeller drives 1 with electrical energy via inverter units 3.
  • the fuel cells 7 supply e.g. the emergency drive 25.
  • the various options for changing the signature of a ship's propulsion system are identified by the letters A, B, C and D.
  • the active measures identified by A and B including electrical ones, can be used in the converters of the converters 3 and the rudder propeller drives 1 Vibration generators and / or magnetic field generators are used to compensate for the electromagnetic radiation from the rudder propeller drive 1 or the converter 3.
  • Vibration generators and / or magnetic field generators are used to compensate for the electromagnetic radiation from the rudder propeller drive 1 or the converter 3.
  • mechanical vibrations generating acoustic signatures can be actively and passively avoided.
  • damping elements are used in the areas of the rudder propeller drive 1 marked C and D, for example the starter device of the rudder propeller drive 1 marked D is shielded from a water or oil jacket.
  • active damping devices in areas C and D counter Generates vibrations, in the present case by electromagnetic-excited or piezo-electric-excited plates, which generate vibrations which actively cancel out the vibrations generated by the propeller drive 1.
  • areas C and D are arranged to eliminate the signature of the propeller drives or to change the signature of the rudder propeller drives, in particular with regard to imitation of the signature of other ships or the like, sound generating devices.
  • the drive for ships shown in the figures thus provides a coordinated overall system which is extremely quiet, can be operated with the lowest possible signature and is highly efficient and can be adapted to a wide variety of operating conditions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a propulsion system for ships, especially navy ships, comprising at least one rudder propeller drive (1). Said rudder propeller drive consists of a rotatable azimuth module with an energy transmission device and a propulsion module. Said propulsion module is disposed on the azimuth module in a gondola-type of manner and is provided with an electric drive for one or two propellers. The rudder propeller drive (1) is further characterized by being mounted flexibly, especially in a shock-proof manner, by means of shock absorbers (19) and multilayer membranes (20).

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Antriebe für SchiffePropulsion for ships
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Antrieb für Schiffe, insbesondere Marineschiffe.The present invention relates to a drive for ships, especially naval ships.
An Antriebe für Schiffe, insbesondere Marineschiffe und dergleichen, werden höchste Anforderungen hinsichtlich Energie- erzeugung, Energieübertragung und an den Antriebsteil zur Erzeugung eines Vortriebs des Schiffes gestellt, wobei insbesondere die Integration von Antrieb, Energieerzeugung und Energieübertragung von großem Interesse ist, wie beispielsweise aus dem Artikel von Sadler: „Trends im Überwasser- Marineschiffbau", in Marine Forum, Juli/August 1999, Seite 8 bis 29, bekannt.Drives for ships, in particular naval ships and the like, are subject to the highest requirements with regard to energy generation, energy transmission and to the drive part for generating propulsion of the ship, the integration of drive, energy generation and energy transmission being of great interest, such as from the Sadler article: "Trends in surface marine shipbuilding", in Marine Forum, July / August 1999, pages 8 to 29, known.
Bisher werden auf Marineschiffen zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie elektrisch erregte Synchrongeneratoren verwendet, welche von Dieselmotoren angetrieben werden. Die Energieübertragung erfolgt in Wechselstromtechnik. Der Antrieb erfolgt mittels Dieselmotoren, Gasturbinen, Elektromotoren oder mittels einer Kombination derselben, wobei diese über eine Welle einen oder mehrere Propeller antreiben, und für den Vortrieb des Schiffes sorgen. Dabei werden sowohl Festpropeller als auch Verstellpropeller eingesetzt. Üblicherweise werden die Antriebe mitschif s angeordnet.So far, electrically excited synchronous generators, which are driven by diesel engines, have been used on naval ships to generate electrical energy. The energy transfer takes place in AC technology. The drive is carried out by means of diesel engines, gas turbines, electric motors or by a combination thereof, which drive one or more propellers via a shaft and ensure the propulsion of the ship. Both fixed propellers and variable propellers are used. Usually the drives are arranged alongside.
Von Nachteil bei den bisher bekannten Antrieben ist zum ei- nen, dass diese nicht bzw. nur bedingt geräuscharm betrieben werden können, insbesondere da die Antriebe zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie in der Regel im Betrieb äußerst ge- räusch- und strahlungsintensiv sind, also eine hohe akustische und elektromagnetische Signatur aufweisen, was insbeson- dere bei Marineschiffen von Nachteil ist, da diese so einfacher detektierbar sind. Ein Schiff, insbesondere ein Marineschiff, ist ohne Signatur nicht erkennbar und somit keiner Bedrohung durch Angriffe ausgesetzt. Da ein Schiff ohne Rückwirkungen auf sein Umfeld nicht denkbar ist, weist dieses eine Signatur auf und ist entsprechend für moderne Waffensysteme, insbesondere sogenannte intelligente Waffensysteme, de- tektierbar. Im ungünstigsten Fall kann ein Schiff über sein Signaturprofil eindeutig identifiziert und entsprechend angepeilt und erfolgswahrscheinlich bekämpft werden. Die Signaturreduzierung und insbesondere die Eliminierung sogenannter „Fingerabdrücke" ist somit bei Marineschiffen von zentraler Bedeutung. Signaturen sind Beeinflussungen bzw. Rückwirkungen des Schiffes auf das natürliche, ungestörte Umfeld. Solche Beeinflussungen sind wesentlich für das magnetische, thermische und/oder akustische Umfeld und verändern sich beim Einsatz der entsprechenden Antriebe. Bei der akustischen Signa- tur werden als Hauptgeräuschquellen die üblicherweise permanentmagneterregten Synchronmotoren und die Wälzlagerung der Antriebe angesehen. Der Körperschall wird einerseits über die Welle zu den Propellern übertragen und in Wasserschall umgewandelt, andererseits wird der Körperschall über die Wälzla- geraußenringe an das Gehäuse, beispielsweise das Gondelgehäuse eines Ruderpropellerantriebs, übertragen und als Wasserschall abgestrahlt. Darüber hinaus wirken tangentiale Kräfte, angeregt durch Stromoberschwingungen, auf den Stator der Synchronmaschine und übertragen den daraus resultierenden Kör- perschall auf das Gehäuse, so dass die tangentialen Kräfte ebenfalls als Wasserschall abgestrahlt werden.A disadvantage of the previously known drives is, on the one hand, that they cannot be operated or can only be operated with limited noise, in particular since the drives for generating electrical energy are generally extremely noisy and radiation-intensive during operation, that is to say a high level have acoustic and electromagnetic signatures, which is particularly disadvantageous for naval ships because they are easier to detect. A ship, especially a naval ship, is not recognizable without a signature and is therefore not recognizable Attack threat exposed. Since a ship is inconceivable without repercussions on its surroundings, this has a signature and can be detected accordingly for modern weapon systems, in particular so-called intelligent weapon systems. In the worst case, a ship can be clearly identified via its signature profile and targeted accordingly and likely to be combated. The signature reduction and in particular the elimination of so-called "fingerprints" is therefore of central importance for naval ships. Signatures are influences or repercussions of the ship on the natural, undisturbed environment. Such influences are essential for the magnetic, thermal and / or acoustic environment and change When using the appropriate drives, the main sources of noise in the acoustic signal are the normally permanent-magnet synchronous motors and the roller bearings of the drives. The structure-borne noise is transmitted to the propellers via the shaft and converted into water sound, while the structure-borne noise is transmitted via the roller bearings. outer rings to the housing, for example the nacelle housing of a rudder propeller drive, are transmitted and emitted as water sound, and tangential forces, excited by current harmonics, act on the stator of the Synchronm machine and transmit the resulting structure-borne noise to the housing so that the tangential forces are also emitted as water-borne noise.
Darüber hinaus stellt die Versorgung von Schiffen mit elektrischer Energie und die Energieverteilung ein Problem dar, da sowohl Gleich- als auch Wechselstromverbraucher, zum einen elektrische Antriebe zur Erzeugung des Vortriebs des Schiffes, zum anderen Waffensysteme, Funkgeräte und dergleichen, mit unterschiedlichen Spannungen und Leistungsaufnahmen mit elektrischer Energie versorgt werden müssen, so dass auf Schiffen üblicherweise verschiedene Energieversorgungsnetze bestehen. Von weiterem Nachteil ist dabei, dass bei Ausfall eines dieser Energieversorgungsnetze die Funktionsfähigkeit des Schiffes nicht mehr gegeben ist.In addition, the supply of ships with electrical energy and the power distribution is a problem, since both direct and alternating current consumers, on the one hand electrical drives for generating the propulsion of the ship, on the other hand weapon systems, radio equipment and the like, with different voltages and power consumption electrical energy must be supplied, so that different energy supply networks usually exist on ships. Another disadvantage is that in the event of failure one of these energy supply networks is no longer operational.
Der Erfindung liegt in Anbetracht dieses Standes der Technik die A u f g a b e zugrunde, einen Antrieb für Schiffe, insbesondere Marineschiffe, bereitzustellen, welcher äußerst geräuscharm mit geringstmöglicher Signatur und hohem Wirkungsgrad betreibbar und dabei an unterschiedlichste Be- triebszustände anpassbar ist.In view of this prior art, the invention is based on the object of providing a drive for ships, in particular naval ships, which can be operated extremely quietly with the lowest possible signature and high efficiency and can be adapted to a wide variety of operating conditions.
Zur L ö s u n g dieser Aufgabe wird mit der vorliegenden Erfindung ein Antrieb für Schiffe, insbesondere Marineschiffe, bereitgestellt, wobei der Ruderpropellerantrieb aus einem drehbaren, eine Energieubertragungseinrichtung aufweisenden Azimuth-Modul und einem an diesem gondelartig angeordnetenTo achieve this object, the present invention provides a drive for ships, in particular naval ships, the rudder propeller drive consisting of a rotatable azimuth module having an energy transmission device and a gondola-like module arranged thereon
Propulsions-Modul besteht, welches mit einem elektrischen Antriebsmotor für einen oder zwei Propeller versehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Ruderprollerantrieb (1) elastisch, insbesondere schocksicher, gelagert ist.Propulsion module, which is provided with an electric drive motor for one or two propellers, characterized in that the rudder bollard drive (1) is elastically, in particular shock-proof, mounted.
In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die Maschine des Ruderpropellerantriebs geräuschgedämpft ausgeführt. Vorteilhafterweise aktiv und/oder passiv, wozu das Gehäuse der Maschine in einer passiven Ausgestaltung in einem Gehäuse angeordnet ist, wobei der Zwischenraum mit Wasser gefüllt ist, so dass das Gehäuse der Maschine von einem Wassermantel umgeben ist. Dadurch ist der Ruderpropellerantrieb äußerst geräuscharm, was eine Reduzierung der Akustiksignatur sowie aufgrund der durch den Wassermantel gegebenen Abschir- ung eine Reduzierung der elektromagnetischen Signatur mit sich bringt.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the rudder propeller drive machine is designed to be noise-suppressed. Advantageously, actively and / or passively, for which purpose the housing of the machine is arranged in a passive embodiment in a housing, the intermediate space being filled with water, so that the housing of the machine is surrounded by a water jacket. As a result, the rudder propeller drive is extremely quiet, which results in a reduction in the acoustic signature and a reduction in the electromagnetic signature due to the shielding provided by the water jacket.
Zur weiteren Reduzierung der elektromagnetischen Signatur um- fasst der Antrieb vorteilhafter Weise als aktive Geräusch- dämpfung einen elektrischen Schwingungsgenerator und/oder einen Magnetfeldgenerator zur Kompensation der elektromagnetischen Strahlung des Antriebs . In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung sind am Maschinengehäuse Piezogeräuschfedern, -platten oder andere Geräuscheerzeuger zur Kompensation oder Nachbildung von Maschinengeräuschen angeordnet. Vorteilhafter Weise sind Welle, Ge- triebe und Wellenlager, welche üblicherweise Körperschall in die Schiffsstruktur und damit ins Wasser übertragen, mechanisch entkoppelt. Aufgrund der fehlenden, starren mechanischen Verbindung zwischen Schallerzeuger, also dem Motor bzw. der Maschine des Antriebs, und der Schiffsstruktur entfällt dieser Schallweg, so dass die akustische Signatur weiter reduziert ist. Die Geräuschesignatur des Schiffes ist' frei gestaltbar, vorteilhafterweise in Abhängigkeit der Schallerzeuger, der Dämpfung und der Stromrichteransteuerung. So lassen sich nicht nur die elektromagnetische und die akustische Sig- natur des Schiffes reduzieren, sondern auch beeinflussen, vorzugsweise zur Nachahmung anderer Schiffe oder zur Täuschung, insbesondere bei Marineschiffen.To further reduce the electromagnetic signature, the drive advantageously comprises an electrical vibration generator and / or a magnetic field generator for compensating the electromagnetic radiation of the drive as active noise damping. In a further advantageous embodiment, piezo noise springs, plates or other noise generators for compensating or emulating machine noises are arranged on the machine housing. The shaft, gearbox and shaft bearing, which usually transmit structure-borne noise into the ship's structure and thus into the water, are advantageously mechanically decoupled. Due to the lack of a rigid mechanical connection between the sound generator, i.e. the motor or the machine of the drive, and the ship structure, this sound path is omitted, so that the acoustic signature is further reduced. The sound signature of the ship is ' freely configurable, advantageously depending on the sound generator, the damping and the converter control. Not only can the electromagnetic and acoustic signatures of the ship be reduced, but also influenced, preferably for imitation of other ships or for deception, particularly in the case of naval ships.
Vorteilhafterweise weist der Ruderpropellerantrieb wenigstens ein Brennstoffzellenmodul zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie auf. Die Verwendung von BrennstoffZellenmodulen ermöglicht einen besonders geräuscharmen Betrieb. Ein Brennstoffzellenmodul besteht gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung aus miteinander verschalteten Brennstoffzellen. In einer Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung weist das Gleichstromnetzwerk, z.B. vier Brennstoffzellenmodule mit jeweils 4,5 MW auf, wobei jedes Brennstoffzellenmodul etwa aus dreißig miteinander verschalteten Brennstoffzellen mit jeweils ca. 0,15 MW zusammengesetzt ist.The rudder propeller drive advantageously has at least one fuel cell module for generating electrical energy. The use of fuel cell modules enables particularly quiet operation. According to the present invention, a fuel cell module consists of interconnected fuel cells. In one embodiment of the present invention, the DC network, e.g. four fuel cell modules, each with 4.5 MW, each fuel cell module being composed of approximately thirty interconnected fuel cells, each with approximately 0.15 MW.
Brennstoffzellen zeichnen sich durch einen hohen elektrischen Wirkungsgrad, ein gutes Teillastverhalten, niedrige Schadstoffemissionen sowie äußerst geringe Geräuschentwicklungen aus und sind daher sowohl für dezentrale als auch zentrale Anwendungen, wie sie für das erfindungsgemäße elektrische Antriebssystem für Schiffe gegeben sind, geeignet. Vorteilhafterweise weist der Antrieb einen Gleichstromzwischenkreis zur Ankopplung des Bordnetzwerkes des Schiffes an das Brennstoffzellenmodul auf. Vorteilhafterweise erfolgt die Energieübertragung sowohl von einem Gleichstromnetzwerk als auch von einem Wechselstromnetzwerk des Schiffes zu demFuel cells are characterized by a high electrical efficiency, good part-load behavior, low pollutant emissions and extremely low noise levels and are therefore suitable for both decentralized and central applications, such as are provided for the electrical propulsion system for ships according to the invention. The drive advantageously has a DC intermediate circuit for coupling the ship's on-board network to the fuel cell module. The energy transmission advantageously takes place both from a direct current network and from an alternating current network of the ship to the ship
Gleichstromzwischenkreis und damit zu dem Bordnetzwerk über Gleichstromleitungen. Seitens des Wechselstromnetzwerkes werden dazu Wechselstrom-/Gleichstrom-Umformer eingesetzt.DC link and thus to the on-board network via DC lines. The AC network uses AC / DC converters for this.
Seitens des elektrischen Bordnetzes sind der Erfindung entsprechend Umformer eingesetzt, die die dem Bordnetz zur Verfügung gestellte elektrische Energie in Wechselspannung umformen, da in der Regel über das Bordnetzwerk zu versorgende Verbraucher Wechselstromverbraucher sind.On the part of the on-board electrical system, converters are used in accordance with the invention, which convert the electrical energy made available to the on-board electrical system into alternating voltage, since consumers to be supplied via the on-board network are usually alternating current consumers.
Vorteilhafterweise sind die Lager des Rotors des Sychronmo- tors, oder ggf. eines Asynchronmotors des Antriebs ebenfalls mit aktiven und/oder passiven Schalldämpfungselementen versehen, um die Signatur des Schiffes zu reduzieren und/oder Signaturen anderer Schiffe nachzuahmen.The bearings of the rotor of the synchronous motor, or possibly an asynchronous motor of the drive, are advantageously also provided with active and / or passive sound-absorbing elements in order to reduce the signature of the ship and / or to imitate the signatures of other ships.
In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist der Antrieb ein eigenständig und unabhängiges Notenergiesystem, vorzugsweise bestehend aus wenigstens einer Brenn- stoffzelle und/oder wenigstens einem Hilfsgenerator, auf, welches sowohl zum Manövrieren des Schiffes, beispielsweise im Bereich eines Hafens oder dergleichen, als auch als Notantrieb für das Schiff einsetzbar ist, beispielsweise bei Ausfall von Energieversorgungseinrichtungen für die Antriebe bei einem Treffer oder dergleichen.In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the drive has an independent and independent emergency energy system, preferably consisting of at least one fuel cell and / or at least one auxiliary generator, which is used both for maneuvering the ship, for example in the area of a port or the like can be used as an emergency drive for the ship, for example in the event of failure of energy supply devices for the drives in the event of a hit or the like.
Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der in den Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen:Further details, features and advantages of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures. Show:
Fig. 1 das Konzept des Antrieb gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung; Fig. 2 in einer schematischen Seitenansicht die Lagerung undFigure 1 shows the concept of the drive according to the present invention. Fig. 2 in a schematic side view of the storage and
Anordnung eines Ruderpropellers und Fig. 3 eine stirnseitige Ansicht gemäß Fig. 2.Arrangement of a rudder propeller and FIG. 3 an end view according to FIG. 2.
Fig. 1 zeigt das Antriebskonzept eines AntriebsSystem für Schiffe. Das elektrische Antriebssystem weist vier in Abhängigkeit des Betriebszustandes voneinander unabhängig betreibbare Antriebe auf, zwei insbesondere im Heckbereich des Schiffs angeordnete Ruderpropellerantriebe 1 und zwei redun- dant ausgebildete Wasserstrahlantriebe 2.1 shows the drive concept of a drive system for ships. The electric drive system has four drives which can be operated independently of one another depending on the operating state, two rudder propeller drives 1 arranged in particular in the stern area of the ship and two redundant water jet drives 2.
Die Ruderpropellerantriebe 1 beziehen ihre Energie aus einem Gleichspannungsnetz (SSBl) , in einem Bereich von DC l...n kV. Wechselrichtereinheiten 3, bestehend aus HV-IGBT-Power-Cards und Dioden-Power-Cards formen die Gleichspannung in ein Wechselspannungssystem mit variabler Spannung und Frequenz um.The rudder propeller drives 1 obtain their energy from a direct voltage network (SSBl), in a range from DC 1 ... n kV. Inverter units 3, consisting of HV IGBT power cards and diode power cards, convert the DC voltage into an AC voltage system with variable voltage and frequency.
Jeder der beiden Ruderpropellerantriebe 1 besteht aus folgenden Komponenten:Each of the two rudder propeller drives 1 consists of the following components:
Stro versorgungsschrankStro supply cabinet
Umrichter-Schrankgruppe mit Leistungsteil, Steuer- und Regelteil, Rückkühlanlage Azimuthsteuerung - Azimuthantrieb RuderpropellerConverter cabinet group with power section, control and regulating section, cooling system Azimuth control - Azimuth drive rudder propeller
Vorteilhafterweise ist im Vorschiffbereich ein Not- und Manövrierantrieb angeordnet, welcher beispielsweise auch als Ruderpropeller ausgebildet sein kann.An emergency and maneuvering drive is advantageously arranged in the foredeck area, which can also be designed as a rudder propeller, for example.
Dieser Ruderpropeller mit Motor 25 ist vorteilhaft einziehbar ausgebildet und schockgedämpft gelagert, so dass er äußerst geräuscharm ist.This rudder propeller with motor 25 is advantageously designed to be retractable and is shock-damped, so that it is extremely quiet.
Die Figuren 2 und 3 zeigen die Anordnung der Ruderpropellerantriebe außenbords des Schiffs. Der Ruderpropeller besteht aus einem sich drehbaren, die Energieubertragungseinrichtung aufweisenden Azimuth-Modul und einem an diesem gondelartig angeordneten Propulsions-Modul, das mit einem Antriebsmotor für einen Propeller versehen ist. Der Ruderpropeller, in der Praxis auch unter der Bezeichnung „SSP" bekannt, ist ein drehbarer Schiffsantrieb, der vorzugsweise im Bereich des Hecks eines Schiffes angeordnet ist und..' zugleich die Funktionen Antrieb, Ruder und Vorschuberzeugung erfüllt. Die Ruderpropeller 1 sind vorliegend an einer Tragstruktur 18 über ei- nen Tragzylinder 21 befestigt. Mittels an der Tragstruktur 18 befestigter Hydraulik- oder Elektromotoren 22 sind die Ruderpropeller verstellbar. Dabei sind die Ruderpropeller 1, wie anhand von Figur 2 zu erkennen, mittels Schockdämpfer 19 und mehrschichtigen Metallmembranen 20 schockgelagert. Wie anhand von Figur 3 zu erkennen, weisen die Ruderpropellerantriebe 5 flügelige CFK-Propeller 23 auf. Unterhalb des Tragzylinders 21 und oberhalb der Ruderpropeller 1 weisen diese jeweils eine Steuerklappe 24 auf, welche zusätzliche Steuermöglichkeiten durch Führung der WasserStrömung bereitstellt.Figures 2 and 3 show the arrangement of the rudder propeller drives outboard of the ship. The rudder propeller is there of a rotatable azimuth module having the energy transmission device and a propulsion module arranged thereon in a gondola-like manner, which is provided with a drive motor for a propeller. The rudder propeller, also known in practice under the designation “SSP”, is a rotatable ship propulsion which is preferably arranged in the area of the stern of a ship and... At the same time fulfills the functions of propulsion, rudder and feed generation the rudder propellers are adjustable by means of hydraulic or electric motors 22 attached to the support structure 18. The rudder propellers 1, as can be seen in FIG. 2, are shock-supported by means of shock absorbers 19 and multilayer metal membranes 20. 3, the rudder propeller drives 5 have winged CFRP propellers 23. Below the support cylinder 21 and above the rudder propellers 1, these each have a control flap 24, which provides additional control options by guiding the water flow.
Die elektrische Energie wird vom im Schiff befindlichen Stromrichter 3 zu den im drehbaren Propulsionsmodul befindlichen Motor über Kabel und eine Schleifringeinheit übertragen. Die Schleifringeinheit erlaubt unbegrenzte Drehbewegungen. Die Verbindungen zwischen Stromrichter und Schleifring sowie zwischen Schleifring und Motoranschlussschienensystem sind mit Kabeln realisiert.The electrical energy is transmitted from the converter 3 located in the ship to the motor located in the rotatable propulsion module via cables and a slip ring unit. The slip ring unit allows unlimited rotary movements. The connections between the converter and slip ring as well as between slip ring and motor connection rail system are implemented with cables.
Die Komponenten der Umrichteranlage 3 sind in einer Schrank- gruppe zusammengefasst und bestehen aus den Komponenten Leistungsteil, Steuer- und Regelteil, Rückkühlanlage. Der Motor des Propellerantriebs 1 wird durch eine Wechselrichtereinheit 3 gespeist, die im Schiff angeordnet ist. Die Wechselrichtereinheit 3 erzeugt ein in Frequenz, Amplitude und Phasenlage geregeltes SpannungsSystem. Die Spannungsform wird jeweils dem aktuellen Bedarf des Motors und der übergeordneten Steuerung sowie der gewünschten Geräuschsignatur angepasst. Das Hauptnetz des elektrischen Antriebssystems gemäß Fig. 1 wird für den Vortrieb des Schiffes verwendete und besteht aus einem Gleichspannungsnetzwerk DC l...n kV Netz und einem Wechselstromnetzwerk, vorliegend einem Mittelspannungsnetz mit 11 kV/60 Hz. Das Gleichstromnetzwerk befindet sich je zur Hälfte im Schiffssicherungsbereich 1 und 3 (SSBl und SSB3) . Die beiden Teilnetze sind durch eine Überleitung miteinander verbunden, welche im Normalbetrieb über entsprechende Schalterstellungen geschlossen gefahren wird.The components of the converter system 3 are combined in a cabinet group and consist of the components power section, control and regulating section, recooling system. The motor of the propeller drive 1 is fed by an inverter unit 3, which is arranged in the ship. The inverter unit 3 generates a voltage system regulated in frequency, amplitude and phase position. The voltage form is adapted to the current needs of the motor and the higher-level control system as well as the desired noise signature. The main network of the electric drive system according to FIG. 1 is used for propelling the ship and consists of a DC network DC 1 ... n kV network and an AC network, in the present case a medium voltage network with 11 kV / 60 Hz. The DC network is half in ship security area 1 and 3 (SSBl and SSB3). The two subnetworks are connected to each other by a transition, which is closed in normal operation via corresponding switch positions.
Die elektrische Energie für den geräuscharmen Betriebszustand wird beispielsweise durch geräuscharmen Betriebszustand durch vier BrennstoffZeilenmodule 17 bereitgestellt, die die Ruderpropellerantriebe 1 über Wechselrichtereinheiten 3 mit elekt- rischer Energie versorgen.The electrical energy for the low-noise operating state is provided, for example, by the low-noise operating state by four fuel line modules 17, which supply the rudder propeller drives 1 with electrical energy via inverter units 3.
Wie in Fig. 1 des weiteren zu erkennen, versorgen die Brennstoffzellen 7 über das Gleichstromnetzwerk z.B. den Notantrieb 25.As can also be seen in FIG. 1, the fuel cells 7 supply e.g. the emergency drive 25.
In Figur 1 sind die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten zur Änderung der Signatur eines Schiffsantriebs mit den Buchstaben A, B, C und D gekennzeichnet In den Stromrichtern der Umformer 3 und der Ruderpropellerantriebe 1 lassen sich die mit A und B ge- kennzeichneten aktiven Maßnahmen einsetzen, wozu elektrische Schwingungsgeneratoren und/oder Magnetfeldgeneratoren zur Kompensation der elektromagnetischen Strahlung des Ruderpropellerantriebs 1 bzw. der Umformer 3 eingesetzt werden. Seitens der mit C und D gekennzeichneten Stellen der Ruderpro- pellerantriebe 1 lassen sich akustische Signaturen erzeugende mechanische Schwingungen aktiv und passiv vermeiden. Zur passiven Eliminierung einer akustischen Signatur werden in den mit C und D gekennzeichneten Bereichen des Ruderpropellerantriebs 1 Dämpfungselemente eingesetzt, beispielsweise die mit D gekennzeichnete Startvorrichtung des Ruderpropellerantriebs 1 von einem Wasser- oder Ölmantel abgeschirmt. Als aktive Dämpfungseinrichtungen werden in den Bereichen C und D Gegen- Schwingungen erzeugt, vorliegend durch elektromagnetischerregte oder piezeoelektrischerregte Platten, welche Schwingungen erzeugen, die die vom Propellerantrieb 1 erzeugten Schwingungen aktiv auslöschen. Darüber hinaus sind in den Be- reichen C und D zur Eliminierung der Signatur der Propellerantriebe bzw. zur Änderung der Signatur der Ruderprope11erantriebe, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Nachahmung der Signatur anderer Schiffe oder dergleichen, Schallerzeugungseinrichtungen angeordnet. Auf diese Art und Weise ist das in den Figu- ren dargestellte Schiff nicht bzw. nicht als solches detek- tierbar. Der in den Figuren dargestellte Antrieb für Schiffe stellt somit ein abgestimmtes Gesamtsystem bereit, welches äußerst geräuscharm und mit geringstmöglicher Signatur und hohem Wirkungsgrad betreibbar und an unterschiedlichste Be- triebszustände anpassbar ist. In Figure 1, the various options for changing the signature of a ship's propulsion system are identified by the letters A, B, C and D. The active measures identified by A and B, including electrical ones, can be used in the converters of the converters 3 and the rudder propeller drives 1 Vibration generators and / or magnetic field generators are used to compensate for the electromagnetic radiation from the rudder propeller drive 1 or the converter 3. On the part of the rudder propeller drives 1 marked with C and D, mechanical vibrations generating acoustic signatures can be actively and passively avoided. In order to passively eliminate an acoustic signature, damping elements are used in the areas of the rudder propeller drive 1 marked C and D, for example the starter device of the rudder propeller drive 1 marked D is shielded from a water or oil jacket. As active damping devices in areas C and D counter Generates vibrations, in the present case by electromagnetic-excited or piezo-electric-excited plates, which generate vibrations which actively cancel out the vibrations generated by the propeller drive 1. In addition, areas C and D are arranged to eliminate the signature of the propeller drives or to change the signature of the rudder propeller drives, in particular with regard to imitation of the signature of other ships or the like, sound generating devices. In this way, the ship shown in the figures cannot be detected or cannot be detected as such. The drive for ships shown in the figures thus provides a coordinated overall system which is extremely quiet, can be operated with the lowest possible signature and is highly efficient and can be adapted to a wide variety of operating conditions.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Antrieb für Schiffe, insbesondere Marineschiffe, mit wenigstens einem Ruderpropellerantrieb (1) , wobei der Ruderpro- pellerantrieb aus einem drehbaren, eine Energieübertragungs- einrichtung aufweisenden Azimuth-Modul und einem an diesem gondelartig angeordneten Propulsions-Modul besteht, welches mit einem elektrischen Antriebsmotor für einen oder zwei Propeller versehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Ruder- propellerantrieb (1) elastisch, insbesondere schocksicher, gelagert ist.1. Drive for ships, in particular naval ships, with at least one rudder propeller drive (1), the rudder propeller drive consisting of a rotatable azimuth module having a power transmission device and a propulsion module arranged thereon in a gondola-like manner and having an electric drive motor is provided for one or two propellers, characterized in that the rudder propeller drive (1) is elastically, in particular shock-proof, mounted.
2. Antrieb nach Anspruch 1, dadurch g ekenn z e i chne t , dass der Ruderpropellerantrieb einziehbar ausgebildet ist.2. Drive according to claim 1, characterized g ekenn z e i chne t that the rudder propeller drive is retractable.
3. Antrieb nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, dadurch gekenn z e i chne t , dass der Ruderpropeller an einer Tragstruktur über ein vorzugsweise hydraulisch betätigbares Steuerrohr befestigt ist, über welches der Ruderpropeller verstellbar und in das Schiff einziehbar ist, wobei der Ru- derpropeller vorzugsweise im Bugbereich des Schiffes angeordnet ist und als Notantrieb einsetzbar ist.3. Drive according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized zei chne t that the rudder propeller is attached to a support structure via a preferably hydraulically actuated head tube, via which the rudder propeller is adjustable and retractable into the ship, the rudder propeller preferably in Bow area of the ship is arranged and can be used as an emergency drive.
4. Antrieb nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch g ekennz e i chne t , dass es eine Brunnenplatte auf- weist, die schockgedämpft mit der Schiffsstruktur verbunden ist.4. Drive according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized g ekennz e i chne t that it has a well plate, which is shock-absorbent connected to the ship structure.
5. Antrieb nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennz e i chne t , dass der Motor des Ruderpropel- lerantriebs schockgedämpft ausgeführt ist, wozu der Motor des Ruderpropellerantriebs (1) vorzugsweise in einem Gehäuse angeordnet ist, welches eine mediumgefüllte, vorzugsweise wassergefüllte Ummantelung ausbildet. 5. Drive according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized gekennz ei chne t that the motor of the rudder propeller drive is shock-damped, for which purpose the motor of the rudder propeller drive (1) is preferably arranged in a housing which has a medium-filled, preferably water-filled casing formed.
6. Antrieb nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekenn z e i chne t , dass er einen regel- und steuerbaren elektrischen Akustikgenerator aufweist.6. Drive according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it has an adjustable and controllable electrical acoustic generator.
7. Antrieb nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadur ch gekenn z e i chne t , dass er einen Steuer- und regelbaren Magnetfeldgenerator aufweist.7. Drive according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it has a controllable and adjustable magnetic field generator.
8. Antrieb nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekenn z e i chne t , dass die Maschine des Ruderpropellerantriebs, geräuschgedämpft ausgebildet ist, insbesondere durch Anordnung_ in einem Flüssigkeitsmantel.8. Drive according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the machine of the rudder propeller drive is designed to be noise-damped, in particular by arrangement in a liquid jacket.
9. Antrieb nach einem der mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekenn z e i chne t , dass die Maschine des Ruderpropellers schockgedämpft ausgebildet ist, z.B. durch eine elastische Wellenlagerung und die Verwendung von Schockenergieabsorbern.9. Drive according to one of the several of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the machine of the rudder propeller is shock-absorbent, e.g. through an elastic shaft bearing and the use of shock energy absorbers.
10. Antrieb nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekenn z e i chne t , dass dieser ein eigenständiges und unabhängiges Notenergiesystem, vorzugsweise bestehend aus wenigstens einer Brennstoffzelle und/oder wenigstens einem Hilfsgenerator, aufweist, welches sowohl zum Manövrieren des Schiffes als auch als NotantriebsSystem (25) für das Schiff einsetzbar ist. 10. Drive according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized zei chne t that it has an independent and independent emergency energy system, preferably consisting of at least one fuel cell and / or at least one auxiliary generator, which both for maneuvering the ship and as an emergency drive system (25) can be used for the ship.
PCT/DE2002/000103 2001-01-22 2002-01-16 Ship propulsion system WO2002057133A2 (en)

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KR101485647B1 (en) 2010-03-25 2015-01-22 지멘스 악티엔게젤샤프트 Method for operating a ship drive motor fed by at least one pulse width modulated inverter, and ship drive system

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AR032796A1 (en) 2003-11-26
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