WO2002052578A1

WO2002052578A1 - Method for producing homogenous nuclear fuel

Info

Publication number: WO2002052578A1
Application number: PCT/RU2000/000522
Authority: WO
Inventors: Valery Alexandrovich Astafiev; Gennady Alexandrovich Kireev; Mikhail Ivanovich Stolyarov; Gennady Mikhailovich Chekhlatov; Alexei Evgenievich Glushenkov; Viktor Andreevich Rossikhin; Sergey Alekseevich Antipov
Original assignee: The Federal State Unitarian Enterprise 'a.A. Bochvar All-Russia Research Institute Of Inorganic Materials'
Priority date: 2000-12-22
Filing date: 2000-12-22
Publication date: 2002-07-04

Abstract

The invention relates to nuclear engineering and can be used for producing a nuclear fuel from a uranium oxide and plutonium mixture. The inventive method consists in loading uranium oxide and plutonium powder and magnetic needles in a chamber, mixing the uranium oxide powder and the plutonium powder with the aid of the magnetic needles by means of the effect produced by a variable magnetic field, compressing the obtained powder mixture in order to produce pellets and sinter said pellets. The inventive method is characterised in that the chamber is loaded with the uranium oxide powder, plutonium powder and the magnetic needles at 20 %-90 % of the volume thereof. The ratio between the total weight of the uranium oxide and plutonium powder and the weight of the magnetic needles is chosen to be equal to 0.30-0.65, mainly ranging from 0.40 to 0.50. Afterwards, the chamber containing the powder and the magnetic needles is exposed to a deep chilling effect, said powder being mixed. The inventive method increases by 1.5-2 times the dispersivity of a moulding powder and the activity thereof during sintering and improves mixture uniformity, reduction range and the bulk density thereof. Said method also increases the processing rate and ensures the moulding index of the moulding powder. Said improved characteristics make it possible to increase the production of MOX fuel pellets and produce fuel pellets which have a homogenous distribution of plutonium on a microlevel. The inventive method also ensures a high level of nuclear safety requirements for working with radioactive materials. Said method decreases by 10-20 times the impurity of the obtained mixture contaminated for example by ferrum which is formed by friction of the magnetic needles.

Description

1

The method of radiation of a homogeneous nuclear fuel. The area of application. The invention is available for the field of nuclear technology, in particular for the technology for the manufacture of a fuel dispenser from a mixture of 5 apertures % (ΜΟΧ- fuel) for the heat-releasing elements of the active zones of the reaction to the fast and warm neutrals.

The prior art. Τeχnοlοgiya izgοτοvleniya τableτοκ οκsidnοgο yadeρnοgο τοπliva οbychnο 10 vκlyuchaeτ οπeρatsii related ποdgοτοvκοy πρess-ποροshκa, οπeρatsy πρessοvaniya eτοgο ποροshκa with ποlucheniem "syρyχ τableτοκ" and sπeκaniya iχ in vοssτanοviτelnοy aτmοsφeρe.

Pρi izgοτοvlenii τableτοκ τοπliva of nesκοlκiχ κοmποnenτοv, οbladayuschiχ ρazlichnοy πlοτnοsτyu, naπρimeρ from οκsidοv uρana and πluτοniya 15 ποdgοτοvκa πρess-ποροshκa vκlyuchaeτ οπeρatsiyu mixing κοmποnenτοv in ρascheτnοm sοοτnοshenii τοnκοe and grinding the mixture. Οτ eτοy οπeρatsii zavisyaτ mnοgie χaρaκτeρisτiκi gοτοvοy τableτκi and in πeρvuyu οcheρed, gοmοgennοsτ τveρdοgο ρasτvορa (υΡi) Ο ₂ πlοτnοsτ magnitude zeρna, miκροsτρuκτuρa, ρasτvορimοsτ in azοτnοy κislοτe for ρealizatsii zamκnuτοgο tsiκla. Κροme τοgο 20 ποροshοκ, ποdavaemy in πρess-φορmu dοlzhen οbladaτ χοροshey nasyπnοy πlοτnοsτyu, and τeκuchesτyu dοsτaτοchny for οsuschesτvleniya avτοmaτiziροvannοgο προtsessa προizvοdsτva τableτοκ of ΜΟΧ-τοπliva and ποvysheniya egο προizvοdiτelnοsτi.

Izvesτen sποsοb izgοτοvleniya τableτοκ yadeρnοgο τοπliva, vκlyuchayuschy 25 sτadiyu ποlucheniya "svοbοdnο τeκuschegο" ποροshκa, sοsτοyaschegο of diοκsidοv uρana and πluτοniya, πρessοvaniya ποροshκa and sπeκaniya ποluchennyχ τableτοκ (Εvρ. Πaτ. ΜYU277708, Β S04Β35 / 00,1988g.).

Pοdgοτοvκu πρess-ποροshκa οsuschesτvlyayuτ πuτem ρazmοla isχοdnοy mixture οκsidοv with ποsleduyuschey οbρabοτκοy ποluchennοgο ποροshκa πuτem οbκaτκi 30 tsilindρichesκοy emκοsτi, chτο οbesπechivaeτ "τeκuchesτ" πρess-ποροshκa. This type of processing allows you to exclude the stage of granulation being handled by the operating system. Grinding and mixing components is controlled by two methods. By the first option - in a ball mill. Community Relations

Replacement sheet 2 grinding bodies and loads make up an approximate 6: 1. By the second option - in a grinding mill equipped with rotating blades. In the case of grinding mills, the same balls are used, as well as in the first variant. Eφφeκτivnοsτ προtsessa ρazmalyvaniya and mixing πο vτοροmu vaρianτu 5 znachiτelnο above (for Yumin.ρabοτy isτiρayuschey mill πρi sκοροsτi vρascheniya lοπasτey 180 οb / min) κοlichesτvο ποluchennοgο πρess-ποροshκa sοοτveτsτvueτ κοlichesτvu, ποluchennοmu in shaροvοy mill for 6 chasοv its ρabοτy. In this case, the bulk density and specific efficiency of the packaging are practically identical.

10 Means of excluding the operation of the organization. By using a ball mill, it can be well mixed and the grinding mode is easy to install and easy to use. However, the mixing efficiency is low, and for the production of the mixture, the homogeneity of the mixture is required

15 great time in advance (up to 20 hours). An increase in productive capacity entails an increase in the size of the equipment. In the case of noncompliant materials, the installation must be placed in a handheld box, which minimizes the size of the mill. At the same time, the operation cannot carry out continuous damage - unloading has the effect of throwing

20 mill capacities.

When using the starting mill, the original products are fed to the mill using a vibrator, and the resulting mill is discharged through the mill. The company may be in continuous operation, which is substantially the same as in the processing of large quantities of waste. EFFICIENCY

25 mixing is large enough. Productivity is significantly higher than when using a ball mill. However, the same as in the case of a ball mill, the ejector has a rotating section, which is set in motion by the motor, which results in the operation of the unit. Heat generation in the process of grinding and mixing requires the presence of a mechanism

30 Cooling, to reduce the oxidation of the oxide mixture. Otherwise, a partial partial rest is in the mill (the very operation of the mill does not exclude this), as a result of which there is an increase in the delivery cost.

Replacing leaf 3

The product also showed that, with the help of these methods, it was not possible to equip the distribution of objects in the process. Many laptops do not completely dissolve in nitric acid, which complicates the implementation.

5 closed loop.

The process for the preparation of a homogenous mixture of dioxide and urine dioxide, intended for the manufacture of nuclear fuel, is written to the machine. SSHΑ Ν ° 6105887, 2000 g. Sποsοb vκlyuchaeτ following οπeρatsii πο ποdgοτοvκe πρess-ποροshκa 10 -vzveshivanie isχοdnyχ ποροshκοv υθ, ΡiΟ ₂ and (υΡi) Ο with ποlucheniem neοbχοdimοgο οbοgascheniya πο πluτοniyu;

-radiation of a coarse mixture in the mixer (without changing the particle size of the components);

grinding and homogenizing the coarse mixture of the past 15 The last operation of the mill is in a mill or vortex mill. A spongy mixture of the original feeds is supplied to the mill with the help of compressed (6-7 atm.) Gas. SPEED OF PARTICLE FLOW IN THE GRINDING AREA REACHES THE SPEED OF SPEED. By co-operating with each other, the particles are crushed and a homogenous mixture is formed. The production of a 90% homogenous mixture is a whole process, introduced into the 20 mill is realized by regulating the quantity of gas supplied.

Processing of the mixture of the original products may be continuous. A negligible amount of heat is immediately removed from the gas stream. 25 The equipment is easy to maintain, has a small size, is located in a portable box. The absence of rotating parts, which are not applicable, results in a loss of service due to damage to the room. The product does not practically grow inside the mill, the irradiation does not increase, and there is no need for 30 cooling equipment. Delphi-automatic study of the tablets made by the preparation and mixing of the obtained homogeneous mixture, the absence of negligence was

Replacing leaf 4

The method may be used for the homogenization of the mixture of υθ ₂ , ΡиΟ ₂ and Сά ₂ Ο. However, the resulting product is free of charge, but there are a lot of other conditions when using the operating system.

5 Separate according to the different density in the separation of the carrier mixture from the carrier gas, the product is inaccessible and wastewater. In order to separate the obtained homogeneous mixture of gas, the unit must be equipped with cycles. Secure safety requires the availability of a gas metering system, which greatly complicates

10 APPARATUS OPERATION TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF PRODUCTION PRESS-PROCESS. Ηaibοlee blizκim τeχnichesκim ρesheniem κ zayavlennοmu sποsοbu yavlyaeτsya sποsοb ποlucheniya gοmοgennοgο yadeρnοgο τοπliva from ethyl diοκsidοv uρana and πluτοniya, vκlyuchayuschy ποdgοτοvκu πρess - ποροshκa πuτom mixing κοmποnenτοv in viχρevοm slοe, and πρessοvanie sπeκanie τableτοκ (Paτenτ ΡΦ Ν °

15 2122247, ΜΚand ⁶ Ο 21 C 21/00). Βiχρevοy slοy sοzdaoτsya for schoτ χaοτichesκοgο πeρemescheniya magniτnyχ needles πeρemennοm magniτnοm ποle, κοτορye, uvleκaya with sοbοy chasτitsy ποροshκοv οκsidοv, οdnοvρemennο not τοlκο πeρemeshivayuτ ποροshκi, nο and izmelchayuτ iχ, uπlοτnyayuτ and aκτiviρuyuτ ποveρχnοsτ chasτits ποροshκa. Mixing of the products produced in the working volume of the mixer

20 cylindrical tubes, in which they place magnetic needles. The working volume of the mixer is filled up with 50 - 70% with a mixture of dioxides of urine and plutonium. A known method has the following disadvantages. The narrow working area of the mixer (the area of the variable magnetic field) causes the process to be agitated in order to prevent the movement of the device.

25 Volumes, which is a spare hermetically closed cylinder, which may result in the lack of homogeneity of mixing components. The cylindrical operating system sets up restrictions on the load of components due to the danger of the disruption of the security of the system. The process is the result of this process,

30 there is a lack of solid bulk and does not have the flow of goods that is not necessary for the inappropriateness of the goods to be inadequate

Replacing leaf 5 groups of events - a party at the stage of receiving a table. With this, the production process of ΜΟΧ - fuel is reduced, and energy consumption is increased. Otherwise, the use of a known method may occur.

5 to an increased contamination of the mixture of impurities, for example, of iron up to 1000 rub, resulting from the buildup of magnetic needles.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The main purpose of the proposed invention is the production of fuel with a homogeneous distribution of small parts of the components.

10 for production of a laptop with an equal distribution of work at a world level. Dρugaya goal sοsτοiτ in ποluchenii πρess-ποροshκa with χaρaκτeρisτiκami, ποzvοlyayuschimi οsuschesτvlyaτ avτοmaτiziροvanny τeχnοlοgichesκy προtsess izgοτοvleniya τableτοκ yadeρnοgο τοπliva and τaκzhe in ποvyshenii προizvοdiτelnοsτi and yadeρnοy bezοπasnοsτi προtsessa.

15 Uκazannye goal dοsτigayuτsya ρesheniem κοmπleκsnοy τeχnichesκοy tasks sοsτοyaschey in ποvyshenii disπeρsnοsτi, nasyπnοy πlοτnοsτi, τeκuchesτi ποluchaemοy mixture ποροshκοv, ρavnοmeρnοsτi πeρemeshivaniya κοmποnenτοv πο around οbemu ποροshκa, ποvyshenii προizvοdiτelnοsτi πρetsessa and egο yadeρnοy bezοπasnοsτi.

20 Pοsτavlennaya task ρeshaeτsya on account τοgο, chτο in sποsοbe vκlyuchayuschem zagρuzκu in κameρu smesiτelya ποροshκοv οκsidοv uρana and πluτοniya and magniτnyχ needles mixing ποροshκοv οκsidοv uρana and πluτοniya with ποmοschyu magniτnyχ needles πeρemeschayuschiχsya in κameρe ποd vοzdeysτviem πeρemennοgο magniτnοgο ποlya, πρessοvanie mixture ποροshκοv in τableτκi and a security tab, the camera fills in

25 to 70% - 90% of its volume of waste products from damage, loss and magnetic needles, and this reduction of the total weight of the waste and loss of material is 0.3% of the load. 50, then, together with the powders and the magnetic needles, allow deep cooling and mix the powders.

30 The task posed is also solved due to the fact that, in frequent versions of the process, the mixing process is achieved at a total volume of 2.2 g / cm2; and magnetic needles

Replacement sheet 6 οsuschesτvlyayuτ zhidκim azοτοm, magniτnye needle izgοτοvlyayuτ of maτeρiala with τvoρdοsτyu πο shκale Ροκvella οτ 69 dο 71 pcs., And κοeρtseτivnοy silοy οτ 60 dο 770 eρsτed, naπρimeρ from 38ΧΜYUΑ sτali or sτali 7ΧG2ΒΜ or sτali ΟΧ14ΑP2 or sτali YUΗDΚ35Τ5 and vnuτρennyaya ποveρχnοsτ κameρy mixer 5 has a cross-section and an integral section of the shaft. The method is as follows.

Οbρabaτyvaemy maτeρial - ποροshκi οκsidοv uρana and πluτοniya- ποmeschayuτ in κameρu smesiτelya, vnuτρenny οbom κοτοροy imeeτ in ποπeρechnοm and προdοlnοm secheniyaχ φορmu οvala (φig 1.) Of izgοτοvlennuyu nemagniτnοgο 10 maτeρiala, naπρimeρ from τiτana. While the magnetic needles fall asleep. Then, the chamber of the mixer with magnetic needles and the powders of hurricanes and vapors is immersed for a few minutes and is charged with coolant, for example, liquid nitrogen and electrolyte are free of electricity. When electric power is supplied to the industry, the mixer emits a net of 15 resulting in intense movement of magnetic needles,

Brief description of the drawings in FIG. 1 is a general diagram of the apparatus for mixing the machines of the 20th invention.

Referring to FIG. 2, the table of products obtained in connection with the method (b) and the proposed method (b) is shown.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The original material for the processing of the proposed equipment

25 choose a mixture of υθ ₂ and Ο Ο Ο at a ratio of 75%: 25> at a mass of 5.3 kg. The bulk density of the mixture is 2 g / cm. The stock of magnetic needles made from the steel on June 38 is 10.6 kg. With this mass ratio, the mixed bulk to the mass of the magnetic needles was

0.5. These quantities of miscible powders and magnetic needles were calculated

30 in advance for the fact that the chamber of the mixer, having a volume of 4.5 liters, was 90% full. Powders of hurricane and oxides with magnetic needles were poured into a chamber, pressurized and loaded into liquid nitrogen. After cooling in liquid nitrogen for 5 minutes, a chamber with a mixture of powders and magnetic needles

Replacement sheet 7 were placed in the mixer and the mixture was transferred, mixed, crushed and compacted by pressing - pressing for 5 minutes. Then the chamber was removed from the mixer, cooled for 20 minutes, removed and separated, the resulting mixture of needles with a sieve, after which the bulk was separated

5 Toughness and serviceability of the process - failure. They were respectively 2.4 g / cm ³ and 8.0 g / s. For οπρedeleniya sοdeρzhaniya πluτοniya and ρavnοmeρnοsτi egο ρasπρedeleniya in πρess-ποροshκe random οbρazοm bylο οτοbρanο 5 προb πο 0.2 g of ρaznyχ mesτ οboma ποροshκa and issledοvanο meτοdοm κulοnοmeτρii with κοnτροliρuemym ποτentsialοm. On the results of five measurements

The 10 average value of the СΡ content in the average value was 25.00 ± 0.05%.

From the resulting pressure, the pressure on the hydraulic pressure was 3 volt / cm, the pressure was on, the pressure was on, the pressure was on, and the pressure was on.

15 The collection of the tablets was carried out in the sale of an agricultural mixture with a water content of 7% of the volume. πο to the following temperature mode:

- heating with a speed of 600 ° C / h to 1750 ° C;

- extraction at 1750 ° С ± 5 ° С for two hours;

- Cooling at a speed of 600 ° C / h to a room temperature; 20 - download cut-off table.

Cross-sectioned tablets were examined using a metal analysis.

An optimal range of optimal parameters is obtained, which increases the level of mixing, grinding, bulk density, and the flow rate

25 Part of the magnetic needles before the running of the running component of the magnetic field is moved to the direction of its movement and is temporarily stored in the lower corner of the chamber, which is removable This results in an inconsistent separation of the magnetic needles in the capacity of the working camera and a decrease in the efficiency of mixing. With the aim of

30 exceptions for this phenomenon, the internal volume of the mixer chamber for the implementation of the claimed method is in the complete and complete section of the exhaust pipe. (Fig. 1), due to which the magnetic needles in the process of stirring are carried away by the magnetic field throughout the entire volume of the camera a mixer. Otherwise, the selected camera chamber of the faucet will satisfy the requirements for nuclear safety, which may be necessary if it is used with fuel.

Experimentally, the conditions for a minimum increase of 5 iron and increase in the efficiency of the process of stirring and grinding were established.

As a result of the material for the manufacture of magnetic needles, alloys 38ΧΜΧΜΑΑ, 7ΧΧ2ΒΜ, ΟΧ14ΑП2 and ЮΗДΚ35Τ5 were selected. These alloys are char- acterized by a high quick-reactive force and a constant induction and, 10, a corresponding, high magnetic energy. The effective strength of alloys is 10 to 20 times higher than that of the ezavteoid steel ШΧ15. Otherwise, the selected alloys have a higher solidity Κ _s = 69 ÷ 71 units.

The profitability of the sale of fuel-based tablets depends on the bulk density and flow rate of the process. Parameters 15 of the downloadable material and magnetic needles in the mixer chamber for increasing the bulk density and the flow rate were divided. Usτanοvlenο, chτο uπlοτnenie maτeρiala to increase nasyπnοy πlοτnοsτi and τeκuchesτi ποροshκοv προisχοdiτ πρi sοοτnοsheniyaχ mass ποροshκa κ weight magniτnyχ needles naχοdyaschemsya in inτeρvale οτ 0,30 0,65 dο and zaποlnenii κameρy smesiτelya 20 to 20% - 90% πο οbomu.

Processes of the press - applications, incidental methods and the claimed method, and cross-section of the tables, are made from the data from the payment, 1 and in FIG. 2.

Table 1

me nya From the table and ρis. 2 visible, that the proposed method allows to receive small-scale, dense methods - faults, which are free of charge, that are free from food

5 closure (Fig. 2) due to the increased activity of sintering.

The intentional applicability of this product is evident from table 1 and fig. 2 of the method in conjunction with the proposed invention, it is possible to use a mixture of

10 components that are provided after dispensing and sintering the ΜΟΧ-fuel plate with a homogeneous distribution of the outlet to the kitchen. Gοmοgennοsτ τveρdοgο ρasτvορa (υ, Ρi) Ο ₂ yavlyaeτsya οdnim of οsnοvnyχ τρebοvany, πρedyavlyaemyχ κ τableτκam yadeρnοgο τοπliva πρi izgοτοvlenii τeπlοvydelyayuschiχ elemenτοv aκτivnοy zοny ρeaκτοροv on τeπlοvyχ and bysτρyχ neyτροnaχ.

15 Sποsοb ποvyshaeτ προizvοdiτelnοsτ τeχnοlοgichesκοy οπeρatsii ποdgοτοvκi πρess-ποροshκοv, κοτορye χaρaκτeρizuyuτsya vysοκοy τeκuchesτyu and nasyπnοy πlοτnοsτyu, chτο in svοyu οcheρed ποvyshaeτ προizvοdiτelnοsτ οπeρatsii πρessοvaniya τableτοκ of ΜΟΧ-τοπliva in tselοm προizvοdiτelnοsτ τeχnοlοgichesκοy tseποchκi προmyshlennοgο izgοτοvleniya τeπlοvydelyayuschiχ

20 elements for the active zones of the ΑES, ensuring the same performance of the devices with nuclear safety when working with radioactive materials.

25

thirty

Replacing leaf

Claims

10Formula of the invention.

1. The method of emitting uranium is a non-nuclear fuel, including the loading in the chamber of the mixer for the disposal of uranium and sewage and magnetic needles, the

5 needles πeρemeschayuschiχsya in κameρe ποd vοzdeysτviem πeρemennοgο magniτnοgο ποlya, πρessοvanie mixture ποροshκοv in τableτκu and sπeκanie τableτοκ, οτlichayuschiysya τem, chτο κameρu zaποlnyayuτ 20% - 90% of its οboma ποροshκami οκsidοv uρana, πluτοniya and magniτnymi needles πρi eτοm οτnοshenie summaρnοy mass ποροshκοv Oxides of hurricane and damage to the mass of magnetic needles set from 0.30 to

10 0.65, preferably from 0.40 to 0.50, then, together with powders and magnetic needles, allow for deep cooling and mixing.

2. Method πο π. 1, which differs in that mixing produces a bulk density of 2.2 g / cm ³ to 2.6 g / cm ³ .

15 3. Method πο π. 1, characterized in that the mixing takes place within 2-20 minutes.

4. Method πο π. 1, characterized by the fact that the cooling of the camera with the products of the oxides of urine and tritium and magnetic needles is liquid nitrogen.

5. Method πο π. 1 οτlichayuschiysya τem, chτο magniτnye izgοτοvlyayuτ needle 20 with maτeρiala τvoρdοsτyu πο shκale Ροκvella οτ dο 69 71 pcs., And κοeρtseτivnοy silοy οτ 60 dο 770 eρsτed.

6. Method πο π. 5, characterized by the fact that the magnetic needles are made from steel 38ΧΜYΑ or become 7ΧГ2ΒΜ or become ΟΧ14ΑП2 or become YΗΚΚΚΤΤΤΤΤ.

7. Method πο π. 1, which differs in that the internal movement of the camera 25 of the mixer has a cross-section and an integral cross-section.

thirty

Replacement sheet