Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
  • C07D295/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms acylated on ring nitrogen atoms
  • C07D295/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms acylated on ring nitrogen atoms by radicals derived from carbonic acid, or sulfur or nitrogen analogues thereof
  • C07D295/215—Radicals derived from nitrogen analogues of carbonic acid
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
  • A61P7/02—Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C311/00—Amides of sulfonic acids, i.e. compounds having singly-bound oxygen atoms of sulfo groups replaced by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
  • C07C311/48—Amides of sulfonic acids, i.e. compounds having singly-bound oxygen atoms of sulfo groups replaced by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of sulfonamide groups further bound to another hetero atom
  • C07C311/49—Amides of sulfonic acids, i.e. compounds having singly-bound oxygen atoms of sulfo groups replaced by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of sulfonamide groups further bound to another hetero atom to nitrogen atoms

Definitions

• the invention belongs to the field of pharmaceutical industry and relates to novel azaphenylalanine derivatives, procedures for their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them.
• Novel azaphenylalanine derivatives have the enzymatic activity (serine proteases) and anticoagulant effect.
• Thrombin as a serine protease is one of key enzymes in the processes of blood coagulation and in the development of thrombosis (Edit, J. F.; Allison, P.; Noble, S.;
• thrombin inhibitors should have selective efficacy and can be used in oral administration.
• There are reversible and irreversible thrombin antagonists Kimball, S. D., Curr. Pharm. Design 1995, , 441 , Das, J.; Kimball, S.
• the majority of reversible thrombin antagonists derive from peptidomimetically modified structure D-Phe-Pro-Arg.
• the aim of the modification is to provide chemical stability, selectivity and effectiveness.
• the active substance used in Japan and the USA is argatroban (Kikumoto, R.;
• Amidinophenylalanine derivatives and aminopyndylalanine derivatives have selective antithrombotic activity (Danilewicz, J., et al. WO 95/13274 (1995)).
• SI 20025 describes thrombin inhibitors which are the derivatives of azaphenylalanine.
• the object of the present invention is to overcome the problems encountered in the prior art.
• the invention relates particularly to novel azaphenylalanine derivatives and analogs thereof of the general formula (I)
• R 1 represents a residue of the formula
• R . 4 - -. H, alkyl (C C 3 ), OH, O-alkyl (C C 3 ), NH 2;
• R represents a residue of the formula
• R 5 H, alkyl (C C 3 ), CF 3 , COOR 9
• R 6 H, alkyl (C C 3 ), CF 3 , COOR 9
• R 7 alkyl (C Cs), cycloalkyl (C 3 -C 6 )
• R 8 alkyl (C Ca), cycloalkyl (C 3 -C 6 )
• R 9 H, alkyl (C ⁇ -C 3 )
• R 10 H, alkyl (CrCs), benzyl
• R 11 H, SO 2 Me, CO 2 Me;
• R represents a residue of the formula
• R )1'2 ⁇ _ H, alkyl (C- 1 -C 3 ), acetyl
• Ki thrombin ( ⁇ M) of the compound a is 0.032
• Ki thrombin ( ⁇ M) of the compound b is 0.005.
• the invention also particularly relates to a process for the preparation of azaphenylalanine derivatives and analogs of the general formula (I). They may be suitably prepared as follows: a) 3-cyanobenzaldehyde of formula (II)
• R 7 and R 8 have the same meanings as in the formula (I),
• R >10 has the same meaning as in the formula (I),
• R 2 has the same meaning as in the formula (I).
• R and R 3 have the same meanings as in the formula (I).
• compound (XIII) in a usual manner.
• This can be achieved e.g. by converting compound (XIII) by addition of a hydroxylamine and an anhydrous alcohol such as e.g.- ethanol or a mineral acid such as e.g. HCI(g) and e.g. ammonium acetate, thus obtaining compound (I).
• anhydrous alcohol such as e.g.- ethanol or a mineral acid such as e.g. HCI(g) and e.g. ammonium acetate
• R 4 denotes OH group
• R 4 denotes hydrogen.
• the starting compounds are prepared, unless otherwise directed, according to the procedures described in the literature; e.g., the compound of the formula IV as described by A. Fassler, et. al., J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 3203-3215.
• the invention further relates to the use of compounds of the formula I as therapeutically active compounds.
• the novel compounds are preferably thrombin inhibitors. They inhibit thrombin and formation of fibrin. They are useful in the treatment or prevention of a variety of thrombosis forms: (i) venous thromboembolism due to formation of a thrombus within a vein (venous thrombosis) associated with acquired (prolonged bedrest, surgery, injury, malignancy, pregnancy and postpartum states or inherited (deficiency of natural coagulation inhibitors) risk factors, obstruction or occlusion of a lung artery by a detached thrombus (pulmonary embolism), (ii) cardiogenic thromboembolism due to formation of a thombus in the heart associated with cardiac arrythmia, heart valve defect, prosthetic heart valves or heart disease, embolism of peripheral arteries caused by a detached thrombus, most commonly in the brain (ischemic stroke), (iii) arterial thrombo
• the compounds of the present invention may be also used as an adjunct therapy in conjunction with thrombolytic therapy in recent myocardial infarction, in combination with aspirin in patients with unstable angina pectoris designed to undergo percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and in the treatment of patients with thrombosis and with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
• the compounds of the present invention may further be used for the prevention of coagulation of blood which is in contact with nonbiological surfaces (vascular prosthesis, vascular stents, prosthetic heart valves, extracorporeal circulation systems, hemodialysis) and in vitro to prevent coagulation in biological samples for testing or storage.
• nonbiological surfaces vascular prosthesis, vascular stents, prosthetic heart valves, extracorporeal circulation systems, hemodialysis
• the present invention also relates particularly to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds of the formula I. They can be formulated as injectable or oral formulations.
• the active drug component may be combined with suitable standard additives with respect to the intended form of administration.
• the pharmaceutical compositions may be prepared according to the standard procedures. The preparation may be formulated in such a manner as to permit controlled and sustained release of the active ingredient. Dosage, frequency and mode of administration depend on a variety of factors, they also depend on individual active ingredient and its pharmacokinetic parameters and on the patient's therapeutic needs.
• thrombin time thrombin time
• aPTT activated partial thromboplastin time
• PT prothrombin time
• TT Thrombin time
• thrombin converts fib inogen into fibrin and the clot is formed. The time for clot formation was measured. Thrombin time is prolonged due to disorders in fibrin polymerisation or due to the presence of thrombin inhibitors.
• Thrombin (Test Thrombin Reagent, 1.5 lU/mL, Dade/Behring): lyophilized bovine thrombin was dissolved in 5 mL of HEPES (25 mmol/L, pH 7.4). The reagent was warmed to 37°C prior to the assay.
• Normal pooled plasma venous blood from 11 apparently healthy volunteers was collected (1 part 0.11 mol/L sodium citrate solution with 9 parts of blood) and centrifuged immediately at 2000 x g for 30 minutes at 4°C. Plasma was removed, pooled and stored in aliquots at -70°C until use.
• Inhibitors were dissolved in DMSO (10 mM stock solution) and diluted with distilled water to working solutions (the highest concentration 100 ⁇ M).
• Method Inhibitors (10 ⁇ L working solution, concentrations from 2.5 ⁇ M to 100 ⁇ M) and pooled plasma (90 ⁇ L) were incubated at 37°C for 5 minutes and then thrombin (200 ⁇ L) was added. Clot formation was measured in a coagulometer in duplicate.
• Pathromtin SL silicon dioxide particles, vegetable phospholipids, sodium chloride (2.4 g/L), Hepes (14.3 g/L, pH 7.6), sodium azide ( ⁇ 1 g/L). The reagent was used at room temperature (15-25°C).
• Normal pooled plasma venous blood from 11 apparently healthy volunteers was collected (1 part 0.11 mol/L sodium citrate solution with 9 parts of blood) and centrifuged immediately at 2000 x g for 30 minutes at 4°C. Plasma was removed, pooled and stored in aliquots at -70°C until use.
• Inhibitors were dissolved in DMSO (10 mM stock solution) and diluted with distilled water to working solutions (the highest concentration 100 ⁇ M).
• Inhibitor (10 ⁇ L working solution, concentrations from 5 ⁇ M to 100 ⁇ M) and pooled plasma (90 ⁇ L) were incubated at 37°C for 5 minutes. Pathromtin (100 ⁇ L) was added and the sample was incubated for another 2 minutes at 37°C. The addition of calcium chloride (100 ⁇ L) triggered the coagulation process and clot formation was detected with a coagulometer in duplicate.
• PT is a rapid, sensitive screening test for coagulation disorders of the extrinsic pathway. It is well suited for the induction and monitoring of oral anticoagulant therapy, for diagnosing genetic or acquired deficiencies in coagulation factors and checking the synthesis performance of the liver in hepatic diseases. PT is prolonged due to extrinsic coagulation factors deficit or due to the presence of inhibitors.
• Thromboplastin (Thromborel S, Dade/Behring): was dissolved in 4 mL of distilled water. Reagent was at 37°C prior to use at least 30 minutes.
• Normal pooled plasma venous blood from 11 apparently healthy volunteers was collected (1 part 0.11 mol/L sodium citrate solution with 9 parts of blood) and centrifuged immediately at 2000 x g for 30 minutes at 4°C. Plasma was removed, pooled and stored in aliquots at -70°C until use.
• Inhibitors were dissolved in DMSO (10 mM stock solution) and diluted with distilled water to working solutions (the highest concentration 100 ⁇ M).
• Inhibitor (10 ⁇ L working solution, concentrations from 5 ⁇ M to 100 ⁇ M) and pooled plasma (90 ⁇ L) were incubated at 37°C for 5 minutes and then Thromborel S (200 ⁇ L) was added. Clot formation was measured with a coagulometer in duplicate.
• Enzyme assay The enzyme inhibitory effect of the compounds can be identified by determination of inhibition constant Ki. It denotes the degree of dissociation of the enzyme-inhibitor complex. Low dissociation constant means high potency of inhibitor. Ki can be determined during reaction of the enzyme with a specific chromogenic substrate which under hydrolysis by the enzyme develops color. Reaction in time is recorded by spectrophotometry and Ki is calculated from kinetic parameters (Vmax, Km, reaction rate).
• HBSA pH 7.5 (10 mM Hepes, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% w/v bovine serum albumin)
• Substrate (S-2238: H-D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA HCI, 25 mg; Chromogenix): dissolved in distilled water to 1mM concentration. (Km is 2.6 ⁇ M)
• Human thrombin (308 NIH; Sigma): dissolved in saline to give a stock solution of 20
• Inhibitors were dissolved in DMSO (10 mM stock solution) and diluted with distilled water to working solutions (the highest final concentration of DMSO was 3%).
• the reaction was started with 50 ⁇ L of S-2238 (20 ⁇ M or 40 ⁇ M f.c.) and the absorbance of each sample at 405 nm (at 25°C) was measured in triplicate every 10 seconds for a period of 15 minutes using a microtiter plate reader (Tecan Sunrise). Thrombin activity was determined from the change in absorbance in the linear part of the velocity graph.
• Ki was calculated according to Cheng and Prussof (Biochem Pharmacol, 1973) where Ki is ICso/O+S/Km).
• the Km for the substrate was determined under the test conditions with at least 6 substrate concentrations varying around Km and calculated with the non-linear regression programme Curve expert.
• HBSA pH 7.5 (10 mM Hepes, 150 mM NaCI, 0.1% w/v bovine serum albumin)
• Substrate (S-2222: N-benzoyl-lle-Glu-Gly-Arg-pNA HCI, 25 mg; Chromogenix): dissolved in distilled water to 2mM concentration. (Km is 21 ⁇ M)
• Trypsin (6000 E/mg prot; Sigma): dissolved in distilled water to give a stock solution of 300 E/mL.
• Inhibitors were dissolved in DMSO (10 mM stock solution) and diluted with distilled water to working solution (the highest final concentration of DMSO was 10%).
• Ki Trypsin activity was determined from the change in absorbance in the linear part of velocity graph. Ki was calculated according to Cheng and Prussof (Biochem Pharmacol, 1973) where Ki is IC 50 /(1+S/Km). The Km for the substrate was determined under test conditions with at least 6 substrate concentrations varying around Km and calculated with the non-linear regression program Curve expert.
• selectivity of inhibitors with respect to thrombin was determined.
• Selectivity of an inhibitor is expressed as a ratio of Ki for trypsin to Ki for thrombin.
• thrombogenic challenge 0.045 ng/kg of tissue factor
• stasis compounds were tested for their abillity to affect thrombus formation in a venous thrombosis model in the rat.
• Thrombus formation by a combination of stasis and hypercoagulability was induced as described by Vogel et al. (Thromb. Res., 1989, 54, 399-410).
• Male sprague- Dawley rats 250-300 g were anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone (30 mg/kg, i.p.).
• the abdomen of the animals was surgically opened and after careful dissection, the vena cava was exposed and dissected free from surrounding tissue. Saline, or the various compounds were administered i.v. 5 min before thrombosis induction.
• Two loose sutures were prepared 0.7 cm apart on the inferior vena cava and all collateral veins were ligated.
• the hemorrhagic risk associated to a treatment with selected compounds were determined using an experimental model of bleeding: transection of the tail of rats.
• Bleeding time was determined by transection of the tail, 2 mm from the tip, of phenobarbital-anaestetised rats (30 mg/kg i.p.). The compounds were injected i.v. at the indicated doses 5 min before tail transection. Blood was carefully blotted every 15 s on a filter paper. Haemostasis was considered to be achieved when no more blood stain was observed over 1 min.
• Triphosgene (2.296 g) was dissolved in 15 ml of anhydrous dichloromethane and cooled to -5°C. While stirring under argon atmosphere, a solution of /V-1-(ferf- butoxycarbonyl)-N-2-[(3-cyanophenyl)methyl]hydrazine (3.833 g) and N,N- diisopropylethylamine (4.040 ml) in 25 ml of dichloromethane was added dropwise.
• ferc-butyl 2-(3-cyanobenzyl)-2-[(4-methyl-1-pyperidinyl)carbonyl]hydrazine carboxylate (1.173 mg) was dissolved in 30 ml of glacial acetic acid and HCI gas was bubbled through the solution for 20 minutes. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. Glacial acetic acid was evaporated on a rotavapor, and diethylether was poured over the oily product. The liquid phase was removed, the resulting precipitate is dried at 50°C and desiccated over NaOH for 24 hours.
• Elemental analysis calculated for C 13 H ⁇ 7 N 3 O 2 ⁇ % H 2 O: C, 62.01 ; H, 7.00; N, 16.69; found C, 61.90; H, 7.22; N, 16.69.
• the product was prepared from tert-butyl 2-(3-cyanobenzyl)-2-[(2-methyl-1- piperidinyl)carbonyl]-1 -hydrazinecarboxylate using the procedure described in EXAMPLE 2.
• the product was prepared from tert-butyl 2-(3-cyanobenzyl)- -hydrazinecarboxylate and azepane using the procedure described in EXAMPLE 1.
• the product was prepared from tetf-butyl 2-(1-azepanylcarbonyl)-2-(3-cyanobenzyl)-
• the product was prepared from 2-(3-cyanobenzyl)-2-[(2-methyl-1- piperidinyl)carbonyl]hydrazinium chloride and naphthalene-2-sulfonyl chloride using the procedure described in EXAMPLE 3.
• the product was prepared from ⁇ /'-(3-cyanobenzyl)- ⁇ /'-[(2-methyl-1- piperidinyl)carbonyl]-2-naphthalenesulfonohydrazide using the procedure described in EXAMPLE 4.
• the product was prepared from 2-(3-cyanobenzyl)-2-[(2-methyl-1- piperidinyl)carbonyl]hydrazinium chloride and 6-methoxy-2-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride using the procedure described in EXAMPLE 3.
• the product was prepared from A/'-(3-Cyanobenzyi)-6-methoxy-/V-[(2-methyl-1- piperidinyl)carbonyl]-2-naphthalenesulfonohydrazide using the procedure described in EXAMPLE 4.
• the product was prepared from 2-(3-cyanobenzyl)-2-[(4-methyl-1- piperidinyl)carbonyl]hydrazinium chloride using the procedure described in
• the product was prepared from ⁇ /'-(3-cyanobenzyl)-6-methoxy- ⁇ / , -[(4-methyl-1- piperidinyl)carbonyl]-2-naphthalenesulfonohydrazide using the procedure described in EXAMPLE 4.
• the product was prepared from ⁇ /'-(3-cyanobenzyl)-6-methoxy- ⁇ /'-[(4-methyl-1- piperidinyl)carbonyI]-2-naphthalenesulfonohydrazide using the procedure described in EXAMPLE 5.
• the product was prepared from ⁇ /'-(1-azepanylcarbonyl)- ⁇ / 1 -(3-cyanobenzyl)-2- naphthalenesulfonohydrazide and naphthalene-2-sulfonyl chloride using the procedure described in EXAMPLE 3.
• the product was prepared from ⁇ /'-(1-azepanylcarbonyl)- ⁇ /'-(3-cyanobenzyl)-2- naphthalenesulfonohydrazide using the procedure described in EXAMPLE 4.
• the product was prepared from ⁇ /'-(1-azepanylcarbonyl)- ⁇ /'-(3-cyanobenzyl)-2- naphthalenesulfonohydrazide using the procedure described in EXAMPLE 5.
• the product was prepared from 2-(3-cyanobenzyl)-2-[(4-methyl-1- piperidinyl)carbonyl]hydrazinium chloride using the procedure described in EXAMPLE 3. Yield: 15 %. MP: 128-130 °C.
• the product was prepared from ⁇ /'-(1-azepanylcarbony!)- ⁇ / , -(3-cyanobenzyl)-6- methoxy-2-naphthalenesulfonohydrazide using the procedure described in
• the product was prepared from /V-(1-azepanylcarbonyI)-/V-(3-cyanobenzyl)-6- methoxy-2-naphthalenesulfonohydrazide using the procedure described in

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• 2000
  • 2000-12-22 SI SI200000326A patent/SI20743A/sl not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2001
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