Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
  • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
  • F01D1/02—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines
  • F01D1/026—Impact turbines with buckets, i.e. impulse turbines, e.g. Pelton turbines
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
  • F05C2201/00—Metals
  • F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
  • F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
  • F05C2201/0463—Cobalt
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
  • F05C2201/00—Metals
  • F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
  • F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
  • F05C2201/0466—Nickel
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
  • F05D2230/10—Manufacture by removing material
  • F05D2230/11—Manufacture by removing material by electrochemical methods
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
  • F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
  • F05D2300/12—Light metals
  • F05D2300/121—Aluminium
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
  • F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
  • F05D2300/17—Alloys
  • F05D2300/172—Copper alloys
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
  • F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
  • F05D2300/17—Alloys
  • F05D2300/172—Copper alloys
  • F05D2300/1723—Nickel-Copper alloy, e.g. Monel
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
  • F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
  • F05D2300/611—Coating
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
  • F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
  • F05D2300/614—Fibres or filaments
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
  • F05D2300/70—Treatment or modification of materials
  • F05D2300/702—Reinforcement

Definitions

• the invention relates to a part, such as a hydraulic component, made of a composite material with an organic matrix and reinforcing fibers, and to a method of manufacturing such a part.
• hydroaulic component means any member capable of interacting with a flow of water and, for example, a turbine bucket of the Pelton type, a director for a flow, a turbine blade of the Kaplan type or a turbine wheel of Francis type.
• the invention more particularly intends to remedy by proposing a part made of composite material which is effectively protected against impact and abrasion.
• the invention relates to a part, in particular a hydraulic component, made of a composite material with an organic matrix and reinforcing fibers, this part being coated at least locally with a protective layer of metal or based on metal, characterized in that that it comprises metallic or metal-based fibers, the protective or reinforcing layer being formed by electrolytic deposition on these metallic or metal-based fibers.
• the invention it is possible to have an intimate bond between the material of the protective or reinforcing layer and the material of the fibers insofar as the couple of material chosen, for metallic fibers or based on metal. on the one hand and the protective layer on the other hand, is compatible with electrolytic deposition.
• the electrolytic deposit probably makes it possible to obtain a chemical bond between the material of the reinforcing fibers and the material of the protective layer, which avoids the risk of untimely detachment of the protective layer.
• the rigidity of the attachment obtained does not depend on the radii of curvature of the part in the areas where the protective or reinforcing layer is affixed, which makes it possible to envisage deposits on sharp edges, such as middle edges of the buckets of a Pelton turbine. Bending tests have made it possible to show that the rupture of a part in accordance with the invention takes place by separation of the mat or fabric of reinforcing fibers and of the organic material before the separation between the protective layer and the substrate on which it is affixed.
• the part incorporates one or more of the following characteristics: - Metallic or metal-based fibers are arranged, essentially, in the vicinity of the surface of the part intended to be coated with the reinforcing protective layer. In fact, it is at the surface of the part which constitutes the substrate that the hanging must take place.
• the material of metallic or metal-based fibers comprises copper, alumimium, or an alloy of these metals and / or other metallic elements.
• the material of the protective or reinforcing layer comprises nickel, cobalt, copper, other metallic elements and / or alloys of these elements.
• the part in question is a hydraulic component.
• the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a part as described above and, more specifically to a method which comprises steps consisting in:
• the method incorporates one or more of the following characteristics:
• a metallic element is applied, by a "plasma” type deposit, to the protective or reinforcement layer after it has been deposited.
• This aspect of the invention takes advantage of the fact that the bonding obtained between the aforementioned layer and the part or substrate is sufficiently intense to allow supporting added elements.
• FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a Pelton turbine bucket according to the invention
• FIG. 2 is an exploded view on a larger scale of detail II in Figure 1, during a first step of manufacturing the trough of Figure 1;
• - Figure 3 is a section along line III-III in Figure 1, during a second step of manufacturing this bucket and - Figure 4 is a plan view of a fabric of reinforcing fibers used in a trough according to a second embodiment of the invention.
• the bucket 1 shown in Figures 1 to 3 is intended to be mounted on the rim not shown of a Pelton turbine wheel.
• This bucket 1 consists of a first skin 11 forming its lower surface and a second skin 12 forming its upper surface, these skins being made of composite materials with a matrix based on expoxy resin, polyester, vinylester, urethane, polyamide or poly -ether-ether-ketone and carbon-based reinforcing fibers, for example, over most of their surface. These fibers are in the form of a fabric impregnated with resin.
• the geometry of the skins 11 and 12 is such that they define between them a volume in which are stiffening ribs 13.
• We note 14 the middle edge of the trough 1 which is formed by the skin 11. This edge is subject to intense and variable friction forces depending on the quality of the water used to turn the Pelton turbine. This edge is also subject to impact because water can be loaded with relatively large debris.
• a layer 15 for protecting and reinforcing the edge 14 is provided on the skin 11.
• the layer 15 is formed by an electrolytic deposit localized on the skin 11.
• the skin 11 comprises, at the edge 14, reinforcing fibers 21 made of copper while, in the rest of its surface, the skin 11 is reinforced by carbon fibers.
• the copper reinforcing fibers 21 are woven together and form a fabric 23 constituting the upper or outer layer of the skin 11 in the region of the edge 14, while fabrics 24 of carbon fibers are superimposed in the rest of the thickness of the skin 11 and under the fabric 23 at the edge 14.
• the fibers 21 are grouped in the vicinity of the external surface S of the skin 11, in the region of the edge 14 .
• all of the reinforcing fibers used at the edge 14 could be copper fibers, in which case several layers of the fabric type 23 would be superimposed.
• non-woven fiber mats could be used in place of fabrics 23 and 24.
• the metallic fibers 21 extend in a single direction of the fabric 23, for example, that they constitute the warp threads thereof on a part of its width, while the weft threads consist of carbon threads.
• the carbon weft threads 22 extend both over a portion 23A of the fabric 23 in which they are woven with warp threads 21 of copper and over portions 23B of the fabric 23 in which they are woven with threads of chain 26 in carbon.
• the outer layer of the skin 11 of the bucket 1 is continuous, only a part of it being adapted to electrolytic deposition.
• the width of the part 23A is determined as a function of the desired width of the layer 15.
• the continuous nature of the fabric 23 ensures good anchoring of the wires 21 in the structure of the skin 11.
• a layer 25 of varnish is deposited on the parts 16 of this skin comprising only carbon fibers 22, namely the strips 24A in the first embodiment or the parts 23B in the second. insulation, before cleaning and degreasing the layers of fabric 23 comprising fibers 21 and immersing the skin 11 in a bath of metallic compounds with the following distribution: NiCl 50 g / 1, NiSo 4 150 g / 1, H 3 PO 3 8 g / 1, H 3 Po 4 26.3 ml / 1.
• This bath is maintained at a temperature of approximately 60 ° C.
• a nickel counter-electrode and protruding elements are used and a current is applied with a density of approximately 4 A / dm 2 , which makes it possible to obtain on the fabric 23 the formation of the layer 15 essentially with nickel, the layer obtained having a Vickers hardness of the order of 150 HV.
• the protective or reinforcing layer copper, nickel, cobalt or other metallic elements or alloys of these elements.
• the invention is not limited to a Pelton turbine bucket and can be implemented with a Kaplan turbine blade, with a director, in particular at their respective leading edges, and with a Francis turbine wheel, especially at the leading edges of the blades and at the exposed edges of the belt and the ceiling.
• the areas to be protected are areas with small radii of curvature, which is not a problem given the intimate bonding obtained by electrolytic deposition.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
• Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
• Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=8856914

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Citations (2)

Family Cites Families (1)

• 2000
  • 2000-11-27 FR FR0015292A patent/FR2817284B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2001
  • 2001-11-26 EP EP01997621A patent/EP1337738B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2001-11-26 PT PT01997621T patent/PT1337738E/pt unknown
  • 2001-11-26 WO PCT/FR2001/003733 patent/WO2002042609A2/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2001-11-26 AU AU2002222051A patent/AU2002222051A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2001-11-27 PE PE2001001183A patent/PE20020878A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
• 2003
  • 2003-05-26 NO NO20032365A patent/NO20032365L/no not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (2)

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