Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
  • A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/02—Drugs for dermatological disorders for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
  • A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
  • A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
  • A61P19/10—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease for osteoporosis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/02—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for peripheral neuropathies
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
  • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P41/00—Drugs used in surgical methods, e.g. surgery adjuvants for preventing adhesion or for vitreum substitution
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/04—Inotropic agents, i.e. stimulants of cardiac contraction; Drugs for heart failure
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
  • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

• This invention relates to pyridyl substituted triazoles which are inhibitors of the transforming growth factor, (“TGF”)- ⁇ signaling pathway, in particular, the phosphorylation of smad2 or smad3 by the TGF- ⁇ type I or activin-like kinase (“ALK”)-5 receptor, methods for their preparation and their use in medicine, specifically in the treatment and prevention of a disease state mediated by this pathway.
• TGF transforming growth factor
• ALK activin-like kinase
• TGF- ⁇ 1 is the prototypic member of a family of cytokines including the TGF- ⁇ s, activins, inhibins, bone morphogenetic proteins and Miillerian-inhibiting substance, that signal through a family of single transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptors. These receptors can be divided in two classes, the type I or activin like kinase (ALK) receptors and type ⁇ receptors.
• ALK activin like kinase
• the ALK receptors are distinguished from the type II receptors in that the ALK receptors (a) lack the serine/threonine rich intracellular tail, (b) possess serine/threonine kinase domains that are very homologous between type I receptors, and (c) share a common sequence motif called the GS domain, consisting of a region rich in glycine and serine residues.
• the GS domain is at the amino terminal end of the intracellular kinase domain and is critical for activation by the type II receptor.
• the type ⁇ receptor phosphorylates the GS domain of the type I receptor for TGF- ⁇ , ALK5, in the presence of TGF- ⁇ .
• the ALK5 in turn, phosphorylates the cytoplasmic proteins smad2 and smad3 at two carboxy terminal serines.
• the phosphorylated smad proteins translocate into the nucleus and activate genes that contribute to the production of extracellular matrix. Therefore, preferred compounds of this invention are selective in that they inhibit the type I receptor and thus matrix production.
• TGF- ⁇ 1 axis and expansion of extracellular matrix are early and persistent contributors to the development and progression of chronic renal disease and vascular disease. Border W.A., et al, N. Engl. J. Med., 1994; 331(19), 1286-92. Further, TGF- ⁇ l plays a role in the formation of fibronectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor- 1, components of sclerotic deposits, through the action of smad3 phosphorylation by the TGF- ⁇ l receptor ALK5. Zhang Y., et al, Nature, 1998; 394(6696), 909-13; Usui T., et al, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Set, 1998; 39(11), 1981-9.
• TGF- ⁇ l has been implicated in many renal fibrotic disorders. Border W.A., et al, N. Engl. J. Med., 1994; 331(19), 1286-92.
• TGF- ⁇ l is elevated in acute and chronic glomerulonephritis Yoshioka K., et al, Lab. Invest, 1993; 68(2), 154-63, diabetic nephropathy Yamamoto, T., et al, 1993, PNAS 90, 1814-1818, allograft rejection, HIV nephropathy and angiotensin-induced nephropathy Border W.A, et al, N. Engl. J. Med., 1994; 331(19), 1286-92. In these diseases the levels of TGF- ⁇ l expression coincide with the production of extracellular matrix. Three lines of evidence suggest a causal relationship between TGF- ⁇ l and the production of matrix.
• TGF- ⁇ l transgenic mice or in vivo transfection of the TGF- ⁇ l gene into normal rat kidneys resulted in the rapid development of glomerulosclerosis.
• inhibition of TGF- ⁇ l activity is indicated as a therapeutic intervention in chronic renal disease.
• TGF- ⁇ l and its receptors are increased in injured blood vessels and are indicated in neointima formation following balloon angioplasty Saltis J, et al, Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol, 1996; 23(3), 193-200.
• TGF- ⁇ l is a potent stimulator of smooth muscle cell ("SMC") migration in vitro and migration of SMC in the arterial wall is a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and restenosis.
• SMC smooth muscle cell
• TGF- ⁇ receptor ALK5 correlated with total cholesterol (P ⁇ 0.001) Blann A.D., et al, Atherosclerosis, 1996; 120(1-2), 221-6.
• SMC derived from human atherosclerotic lesions have an increased ALK5/TGF- ⁇ type ⁇ receptor ratio. Because TGF- ⁇ l is over-expressed in f ⁇ broproliferative vascular lesions, receptor-variant cells would be allowed to grow in a slow, but uncontrolled fashion, while overproducing extracellular matrix components McCaffrey T.A, et al, Jr., J. Clin. Invest, 1995; 96(6), 2661-15.
• TGF- ⁇ l was immunolocalized to non-foamy macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions where active matrix synthesis occurs, suggesting that non-foamy macrophages may participate in modulating matrix gene expression in atherosclerotic remodeling via a TGF- ⁇ -dependent mechanism. Therefore, inhibiting the action of TGF- ⁇ l on ALK5 is also indicated in atherosclerosis and restenosis.
• TGF- ⁇ is also indicated in wound repair.
• Neutralizing antibodies to TGF- ⁇ l have been used in a number of models to illustrate that inhibition of TGF- ⁇ l signaling is beneficial in restoring function after injury by limiting excessive scar formation during the healing process.
• neutralizing antibodies to TGF- ⁇ l and TGF- ⁇ 2 reduced scar formation and improved the cytoarchitecture of the neodermis by reducing the number of monocytes and macrophages as well as decreasing dermal fibronectin and collagen deposition in rats Shah M, J. Cell. Set, 1995, 108, 985-1002.
• TGF- ⁇ antibodies also improve healing of corneal wounds in rabbits Moller-Pedersen T, Curr.
• TGF- ⁇ is also implicated in peritoneal adhesions Saed G.M, et al, Wound Repair Regeneration, 1999 Nov-Dec, 7(6), 504-510. Therefore, inhibitors of ALK5 would be beneficial in preventing peritoneal and sub-dermal fibrotic adhesions following surgical procedures.
• ALK5 kinase mechanisms such as chronic renal disease, acute renal disease, wound healing, arthritis, osteoporosis, kidney disease, congestive heart failure, ulcers, ocular disorders, corneal wounds, diabetic nephropathy, impaired neurological function, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, peritoneal and sub-dermal adhesion, any disease wherein fibrosis is a major component, including, but not limited to lung fibrosis and liver fibrosis and restenosis.
• Ri is naphthyl or phenyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, -O-C ⁇ - 6 alkyl, -S-C ⁇ - 6 alkyl, C ⁇ - 6 alkyl, d-ghaloalkyl, -0-(CH 2 ) compassion- Ph, -S-(CH 2 ) n -Ph, cyano, phenyl, and CO 2 R, wherein R is hydrogen or d- 6 alkyl, and n is 0, 1, 2 or 3; or Ri is phenyl fused with an aromatic or non-aromatic cyclic ring of 5-7 members wherein said cyclic ring optionally contains up to three heteroatoms, independently selected from N, O and S and N may be further optionally substituted by C-. 6 alkyl;
• R 2 is H, Ci-ealkyl, Q-ealkoxy, phenyl, NH(CH 2 ) n -Ph, NH-Q-ealkyl, halo, CN, N0 2 , CONHR and SO 2 NHR;
• R 2 is H, C 1 - 6 alkyl, d-galkoxy, phenyl, NH(CH 2 ) conflict-Ph, NH-C ⁇ - 6 alkyl, or halo.
• R 4 and R 5 are independently hydrogen or C ⁇ - 6 alkyl
• Re is C ⁇ - 6 alkyl
• R 7 is C ⁇ - 7 alkyl, or optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl, arylC ⁇ - 6 alkyl or heteroarylQ- ⁇ alkyl;
• R 8 and R 9 are independently selected from hydrogen, C ⁇ a-kyl, aryl and arylQ- ⁇ alkyl; p is 0-4; and q is 1-4.
• Ri is optionally substituted naphthyl or phenyl. More preferably Rj is phenyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo, C ⁇ - 6 alkoxy, C ⁇ - 6 alkylthio, and phenyl; or Ri is phenyl fused with an aromatic or non-aromatic cyclic ring of 5-7 members wherein said cyclic ring optionally contains up to two heteroatoms, independently selected from
• N, O and S, and N may be further optionally substituted by C ⁇ - 6 alkyl.
• Rj represents benzo[l,3]dioxolyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzo[l,4]dioxinyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzo[l,2,5]oxadiazolyl, benzo[l,2,5]thiadiazolyl, quinoxalinyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, C ⁇ - 6 alkylbenzimidazolyl, or [l,2,4]triazolo[l,5-a]pyridyl.
• Ri represents benzo[l,3]dioxolyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzo[l,4]dioxinyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzo[l,2,5]oxadiazolyl, benzo[l,2,5]thiadiazolyl, quinoxalinyl or dihydrobenzofuranyl.
• Ri represents 4-methoxyphenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl or 3- chloro-4-methoxyphenyl
• Rj represents benzo[l,2,5]thiadiazolyl, [l,2,4]triazolo[l,5-a] ⁇ yridyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzo[l,4]dioxinyl, benzimidazolyl or Ci- ⁇ alkylbenzimidazolyl.
• R 2 is positioned ortho to the nitrogen of the pyridyl ring, R 2 is preferably a methyl group.
• Suitable, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of formula (I) include, but are not limited to, salts with inorganic acids such as hydrochloride, sulfate, phosphate, diphosphate, hydrobromide, and nitrate, or salts with an organic acid such as malate, maleate, fumarate, tartrate, succinate, citrate, acetate, lactate, methanesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, palmitate, salicylate, and stearate.
• inorganic acids such as hydrochloride, sulfate, phosphate, diphosphate, hydrobromide, and nitrate
• an organic acid such as malate, maleate, fumarate, tartrate, succinate, citrate, acetate, lactate, methanesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, palmitate, salicylate, and stearate.
• Some of the compounds of this invention may be crystallised or recrystallised from solvents such as aqueous and organic solvents. In such cases solvates may be formed.
• This invention includes within its scope stoichiometric solvates including hydrates as well as compounds containing variable amounts of water that may be produced by processes such as lyophilisation.
• Certain of the compounds of formula (I) may exist in the form of optical isomers, e.g. diastereoisomers and mixtures of isomers in all ratios, e.g. racemic mixtures.
• the invention includes all such forms, in particular the pure isomeric forms.
• the different isomeric forms may be separated or resolved one from the other by conventional methods, or any given isomer may be obtained by conventional synthetic methods or by stereospecific or asymmetric syntheses.
• the compounds of formula (I) are intended for use in pharmaceutical compositions it will readily be understood that they are each preferably provided in substantially pure form, for example at least 60% pure, more suitably at least 75% pure and preferably at least 85%, especially at least 98% pure (% are on a weight for weight basis). Impure preparations of the compounds may be used for preparing the more pure forms used in the pharmaceutical compositions; these less pure preparations of the compounds should contain at least 1%, more suitably at least 5% and preferably from 10 to 59% of a compound of the formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof.
• C ⁇ - 6 alkoxy mean a straight or branched chain radical of 1 to 6 and 1 to 7 carbon atoms respectively, unless the chain length is limited thereto, including, but not limited to methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl.
• C ⁇ - 6 haloalkyl groups may contain one or more halo atoms, a particular C ⁇ - 6 haloalkyl group that may be mentioned is CF 3 .
• halo or halogen are used interchangeably herein to mean radicals derived from the elements chlorine, fluorine, iodine and bromine.
• cycloalkyl is used herein to mean cyclic radicals, preferably of 3 to 7 carbons, including but not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
• aryl is used herein to mean 5- to 14-membered substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring(s) or ring systems which may include bi- or tri-cyclic systems, including, but not limited to phenyl, naphthyl.
• ALK5 inhibitor is used herein to mean a compound, other than inhibitory smads, e.g. smad ⁇ and smad7, which selectively inhibits the ALK5 receptor preferentially over p38 or type II receptors.
• ALK5 mediated disease state is used herein to mean any disease state which is mediated (or modulated) by ALK5, for example a disease which is modulated by the inhibition of the phosphorylation of smad 2/3 in the TGF- 1 ⁇ signaling pathway.
• ulcers are used herein to include, but not to be limited to, diabetic ulcers, chronic ulcers, gastric ulcers, and duodenal ulcers.
• the compounds of formula (I) can be prepared by art-recognized procedures from known or commercially available starting materials. If the starting materials are unavailable from a commercial source, their synthesis is described herein, or they can be prepared by procedures known in the art.
• compounds of formula (I) may be prepared as illustrated in Scheme 1.
• An aryl bromide is coupled with trimethylsilylacetylene using a palladium catalyst in the presence of copper(I) iodide.
• the trimethylsilyl group is then removed under basic conditions with potassium carbonate and the unmasked terminal acetylene is coupled to a substituted bromopyridine via palladium catalysis.
• the disubstituted acetylene is treated with trimethylsilylazide to afford a triazole which may be alkylated with a suitable alkylating agent, L- R 3 where L is a leaving group, e.g. I, in the presence of potassium carbonate.
• L- R 3 where L is a leaving group, e.g. I, in the presence of potassium carbonate.
• the resulting isomers can be separated by chromatographic methods.
• the disubstituted acetylene intermediates may be prepared by * treatment of a suitable l-aryl-2-pyridylethanone with H ⁇ nigs base and triflic anhydride.
• the l-aryl-2- pyridylethanones may be prepared according to the procedures described in WO 00/61576.
• labile functional groups in the intermediate compounds e.g. hydroxy, carboxy and amino groups
• a comprehensive discussion of the ways in which various labile functional groups groups may be protected and methods for cleaving the resulting protected derivatives is given in for example Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry, T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 2nd edition, 1991).
• the compounds of formula (I) may be prepared singly or as compound libraries comprising at least 2, for example 5 to 1,000 compounds, and more preferably 10 to 100 compounds of formula (I).
• Libraries of compounds of formula (I) may be prepared by a combinatorial 'split and mix' approach or by multiple parallel synthesis using either solution phase or solid phase chemistry, by procedures known to those skilled in the art.
• a compound library comprising at least 2 compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• ALK5-mediated disease states include, but are not limited to, chronic renal disease, acute renal disease, wound healing, arthritis, osteoporosis, kidney disease, congestive heart failure, ulcers, ocular disorders, corneal wounds, diabetic nephropathy, impaired neurological function, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, peritoneal and sub-dermal adhesion, any disease wherein fibrosis is a major component, including, but not limited to lung fibrosis and liver fibrosis, and restenosis.
• treating is meant either prophylactic or therapeutic therapy.
• a method of inhibiting the TGF- ⁇ signaling pathway in mammals for example, inhibiting the phosphorylation of smad2 or smad3 by the type I or activin-like kinase ALK5 receptor.
• a method of inhibiting matrix formation in mammals by inhibiting the TGF- ⁇ signalling pathway for example, inhibiting the phosphorylation of smad2 or smad3 by the type I or activin-like kinase ALK5 receptor.
• the pharmaceutically effective compounds of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof may be administered in conventional dosage forms prepared by combining a compound of formula ( ⁇ ) with standard pharmaceutical carriers or diluents according to conventional procedures well known in the art. These procedures may involve mixing, granulating and compressing or dissolving the ingredients as appropriate to the desired preparation.
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
• compositions of the invention may be formulated for administration by any route, and include those in a form adapted for oral, topical or parenteral administration to mammals including humans.
• compositions may be formulated for administration by any route.
• the compositions may be in the form of tablets, capsules, powders, granules, lozenges, creams or liquid preparations, such as oral or sterile parenteral solutions or suspensions.
• topical formulations of the present invention may be presented as, for instance, ointments, creams or lotions, eye ointments and eye or ear drops, impregnated dressings and aerosols, and may contain appropriate conventional additives such as preservatives, solvents to assist drug penetration and emollients in ointments and creams.
• the formulations may also contain compatible conventional carriers, such as cream or ointment bases and ethanol or oleyl alcohol for lotions.
• suitable conventional carriers such as cream or ointment bases and ethanol or oleyl alcohol for lotions.
• Such carriers may be present as from about 1% up to about 98% of the formulation. More usually they will form up to about 80% of the formulation.
• Tablets and capsules for oral administration may be in unit dose presentation form, and may contain conventional excipients such as binding agents, for example syrup, acacia, gelatin, sorbitol, tragacanth, or polyvinylpyrrolidone; fillers, for example lactose, sugar, maize-starch, calcium phosphate, sorbitol or glycine; tabletting lubricants, for example magnesium stearate, talc, polyethylene glycol or silica; disintegrants, for example potato starch; or acceptable wetting agents such as sodium lauryl sulphate.
• the tablets may be coated according to methods well known in normal pharmaceutical practice.
• Oral liquid preparations may be in the form of, for example, aqueous or oily suspensions, solutions, emulsions, syrups or elixirs, or may be presented as a dry product for reconstitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use.
• Such liquid preparations may contain conventional additives, such as suspending agents, for example sorbitol, methyl cellulose, glucose syrup, gelatin, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, aluminium stearate gel or hydrogenated edible fats, emulsifying agents, for example lecithin, sorbitan monooleate, or acacia; non-aqueous vehicles (which may include edible oils), for example almond oil, oily esters such as glycerine, propylene glycol, or ethyl alcohol; preservatives, for example methyl or propyl /.-hydroxybenzoate or sorbic acid, and, if desired, conventional flavouring or colouring agents.
• suspending agents for example sorbitol, methyl cellulose, glucose syrup, gelatin, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, aluminium stearate gel or hydrogenated edible fats, emulsifying agents, for example lecithin, sorbitan monooleate,
• Suppositories will contain conventional suppository bases, e.g. cocoa-butter or other glyceride.
• fluid unit dosage forms are prepared utilizing the compound and a sterile vehicle, water being preferred.
• the compound depending on the vehicle and concentration used, can be either suspended or dissolved in the vehicle.
• the compound can be dissolved in water for injection and filter sterilised before filling into a suitable vial or ampoule and sealing.
• agents such as a local anaesthetic, preservative and buffering agents can be dissolved in the vehicle.
• the composition can be frozen after filling into the vial and the water removed under vacuum.
• the dry lyophilized powder is then sealed in the vial and an accompanying vial of water for injection may be supplied to reconstitute the liquid prior to use.
• Parenteral suspensions are prepared in substantially the same manner except that the compound is suspended in the vehicle instead of being dissolved and sterilization cannot be accomplished by filtration.
• the compound can be sterilised by exposure to ethylene oxide before suspending in the sterile vehicle.
• a surfactant or wetting agent is included in the composition to facilitate uniform distribution of the compound.
• compositions may contain from 0.1% by weight, preferably from 10-60% by weight, of the active material, depending on the method of administration. Where the compositions comprise dosage units, each unit will preferably contain from 50-500 mg of the active ingredient.
• the dosage as employed for adult human treatment will preferably range from 100 to 3000 mg per day, for instance 1500 mg per day depending on the route and frequency of administration. Such a dosage corresponds to 1.5 to 50 mg/kg per day. Suitably the dosage is from 5 to 20 mg/kg per day.
• the optimal quantity and spacing of individual dosages of a formula (I) compound will be determined by the nature and extent of the condition being treated, the form, route and site of administration, and the particular mammal being treated, and that such optimums can be determined by conventional techniques. It will also be appreciated by one of skill in the art that the optimal course of treatment, i.e., the number of doses of the formula (I) compound given per day for a defined number of days, can be ascertained by those skilled in the art using conventional course of treatment determination tests.
• the hydrochloride salt of this compound was made by dissolution of the solid in the minimum quantity of methanol, the addition of 1M HC1 in ether, dilution with ethyl acetate and removal of the solvent to yield an orange solid; 'H NMR (400 MHz, CDC1 3 ) ⁇ : 9.61 (IH, b.s), 8.40 (IH, s), 8.04 (IH, d), 7.80 (IH, d), 7.66 (2H, m), 7.20 (IH, d), 2.61 (3H, s), Nh not observed; m/z [APCMS]: 276 [M-H] " , 278 [M+H] + .
• Example 4 2-[5-(2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-3H-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-6-methylpyridine Prepared from 2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-ylethynyl)-6-methylpyridine according to the procedure for Example 3.
• N'-(5-bromo-2-aminopyridine)-N, N-dimethylformamidine (16.2 g, ⁇ 56.6 mmol, 1 eq) was dissolved in methanol (90 ml) and pyridine (10 ml) under argon and cooled to 0°C. To this was added, with stirring, hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid (7.3 g, 75.2 mmol, 1.3 eq) to form a purple suspension. This was allowed to reach room temperature and stirred for 16 h. After removing the solvents, the residue was suspended in aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate (200 ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x200 ml).
• the compounds of this invention generally show ALK5 receptor modulator activity having IC50 values in the range of 0.0001 to 10 ⁇ M.

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Rheumatology (AREA)
• Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
• Neurosurgery (AREA)
• Neurology (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
• Cardiology (AREA)
• Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
• Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
• Psychiatry (AREA)
• Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
• Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
• Dermatology (AREA)
• Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• Vascular Medicine (AREA)
• Surgery (AREA)
• Pulmonology (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
• Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=9903300

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (20)

Families Citing this family (9)

Citations (1)

• 2000
  • 2000-11-16 GB GBGB0027987.7A patent/GB0027987D0/en not_active Ceased
• 2001
  • 2001-11-15 JP JP2002543486A patent/JP2004517069A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2001-11-15 US US10/416,680 patent/US20040152738A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2001-11-15 AU AU2002214163A patent/AU2002214163A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2001-11-15 EP EP01982621A patent/EP1335916A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2001-11-15 WO PCT/GB2001/005036 patent/WO2002040476A1/en not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (1)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events