WO2002039538A2 - Antenne compacte a polarisations multiples - Google Patents

Antenne compacte a polarisations multiples Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2002039538A2
WO2002039538A2 PCT/US2001/042777 US0142777W WO0239538A2 WO 2002039538 A2 WO2002039538 A2 WO 2002039538A2 US 0142777 W US0142777 W US 0142777W WO 0239538 A2 WO0239538 A2 WO 0239538A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
conductive
resonator element
matching network
antenna assembly
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/042777
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2002039538A3 (fr
Inventor
Donald H. Keilen
Robert Hill
Juan Zavala
Original Assignee
Rangestar Wireless, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rangestar Wireless, Inc. filed Critical Rangestar Wireless, Inc.
Publication of WO2002039538A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002039538A2/fr
Publication of WO2002039538A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002039538A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/40—Element having extended radiating surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna

Definitions

  • the invention relates to antennas and antenna structures for hand-held, portable, or fixed wireless communications devices (WCD), such as cellular telephones, data devices, and GPS receivers. More particularly, the invention relates to an asymmetrical dipole antenna that includes a short planar conductor (ground plane) portion, a resonator portion and, in one embodiment, a matching network portion. In one embodiment, the antenna is adaptable to fit inside a housing of a WCD for mechanical robustness. An antenna according to the present invention may be used for transmitting, receiving, or for transmitting and receiving. Description of Related Art
  • Known wireless communications devices such as hand-held cell phones and PCS devices typically are equipped with an external wire antenna (whip), which may be fixed or telescoping. Such antennas are inconvenient and susceptible to damage or breakage.
  • the overall size of the wire antenna is relatively large in order to provide optimum signal characteristics.
  • a dedicated mounting means and location for the wire antenna are required to be fixed relatively early in the engineering process.
  • Several other antenna assemblies are known, including: Quarter wave straight wire antenna
  • a quarter wave straight wire antenna is al/4 wavelength external antenna element, which operates as one side of a half- wave dipole. The other side of the dipole is provided by the ground traces of the transceiver's printed wiring board (PWB).
  • the external 1/4 wave element may be installed permanently at the top of the transceiver housing or may be threaded into place. The 1/4 wave element may also be telescopically received into the transceiver housing to minimize size.
  • the 1/4 wave straight wire adds from 3-6 inches to the overall length of an operating transceiver.
  • a coiled quarter wave wire antenna has an external small diameter coil that exhibits
  • the coil may be contained in a molded member protruding from the top of the transceiver housing.
  • a telescoping 1/4 wave straight wire may also pass through the coil, such that the wire and coil are both connected when the wire is extended, and just the coil is connected when the wire is telescoped down.
  • the transceiver overall length is typically increased by 3/4-1 inch by the coil.
  • PIFA Planar Inverted F Antenna
  • PEFA Planar Inverted F Antenna
  • a PIFA antenna has an external conducting plate which exhibits 1/4 wave resonance, and is fed against the ground traces of the PWB of a transceiver to form an asymmetric dipole.
  • the plate is usually installed on the back panel or side panel of a transceiver and adds to the overall volume of the device.
  • Patch Patch antennas have been used to provide either a linear polarization or a circular polarization and a near-hemispherical pattern in free space.
  • An antenna including a planar dielectric material having a resonant structure on one major surface of the dielectric and a second ground plane structure disposed on the opposite major surface.
  • a conductive post may electrically couple (through the dielectric)' the resonant structure to a coaxial feedline.
  • planar conductor Various configurations of driven or driven and parasitic elements located on one side and at one end of a larger planar conductor are known to provide gain proximate that of a dipole (+2.1 dBi), a unidirectional pattern, and linear polarization.
  • the planar conductor's major dimension has been known to be greater than that required for the antenna of the_ present invention, for operation at a particular frequency range.
  • an object of the present invention to provide an antenna for use with a portable wireless communications device. It is another object of the invention to provide an antenna unit which is lightweight, compact, highly reliable, and efficiently produced.
  • the present invention replaces the external wire antenna of a wireless communication device with a resonator element which is disposed within the housing of a wireless device and closely-spaced to the printed wiring board (PWB). Electrical connection to the wireless device's PWB may be achieved through automated production equipment, resulting in cost effective assembly and production.
  • PWB printed wiring board
  • SAR specific absorption rate
  • Another object of the present invention is the provision of an antenna assembly which is extremely compact in size relative to existing antenna assemblies.
  • the antenna assembly may be incorporated internally within a wireless handset.
  • a unique feed system with a matching component may be employed to couple the antenna to the RF port of the wireless device.
  • the antenna assembly may be handled and soldered like any other SMD electronic component. Because the antenna is small, the risk of damage is minimized as there are no external projections out of the WCD's housing. Additionally, portions of the antenna assembly may be disposed away from the printed wiring board and components thereof, allowing components to be disposed between the antenna assembly and the printed wiring board (PWB).
  • PWB printed wiring board
  • Another object of the present invention is an antenna assembly providing substantially improved electrical performance versus volume ratio, and electrical performance versus cost as compared to known antenna assemblies.
  • the antenna may exhibit resonant frequency ranges within the U.S. cell phone band, 880-960 MHz.
  • the present invention provides an antenna having a compact size and able to conform to an available volume in the housing of a wireless transceiver such as a cellular telephone.
  • the antenna assembly may be excited or fed with 50 ohm impedance, which is a known convenient impedance level found at the receiver input/transmitter output of a typical wireless transceiver.
  • One aspect of the present invention provides an antenna consisting of a planar conductor, a matching network, and a resonator.
  • the antenna is relatively compact in comparison to other antennas having similar operational characteristics.
  • the antenna may operate on one or more frequency bands, and is suitable for high volume production.
  • antennas include wireless communication devices such as cellular telephones or data devices.
  • One object of the present invention is the provision of an antenna for a wireless communications device that exhibits two orthogonal polarizations simultaneously, with gains on the order of 0 dBi.
  • the ratio of the orthogonal polarizations is dependant on an antenna dimension (parallel to the longitudinal axis of the wireless communications device) and maybe varied between 1 and value much less than 1. Circular polarization may also be practicable wherein the two linear orthogonal polarization are equal.
  • Yet another obj ect of the present invention is the provision of an antenna having significantly reduced size, in particular one that has no dimension greater than 3/8 wavelength.
  • a particularly compact antenna is provided having a height dimension which is no greater than 0.08 wavelength, making it suitable for installation in devices such as computer keyboards, laptop computers, and other wireless devices.
  • a significant object of the present invention is the provision of an antenna structure which may be manufactured as a single piece metal stamping.
  • the antenna may be manufactured as a single piece metal stamping having an integral 50 ohm parallel strip-line feed.
  • the matching network may be a "v" shaped notch structure of the antenna.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a single or multiple-frequency-band antenna employing a small planar conductor.
  • Another obj ect of the present invention is to provide an ultra-compact antenna suitable for use in a wireless communication device.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an ultra-compact antenna having a peak gain near that of a dipole antenna.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a single or multiple- frequency-band antenna exhibiting dual linear polarization within at least one of the frequency bands.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a single or multiple-frequency- band antenna exhibiting substantial unidirectivity in at least one frequency band, thereby reducing the specific absorption rate (SAR).
  • a further object of the present invention is to reduce the size of an antenna by employing a resonator closely spaced and generally parallel to a matching network and underlying ground plane.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an ultra-compact antenna for use in a wireless communications device having a resonator and a matching network fabricated with printed circuit board elements and a planar conductor (ground plane) constituted by the printed circuit board ground traces of the wireless communications device's electronics.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of an antenna according to the present invention depicted within a wireless communications device.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the antenna embodiment of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of another embodiment of an antenna according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a plot of voltage standing wave ratio (NSWR) versus frequency for the antenna of FIG. 1, for a 50 ohm measurement system.
  • NSWR voltage standing wave ratio
  • FIG. 5 shows azimuthal antenna patterns for an antenna according to FIG. 1 at frequencies in a first frequency band.
  • FIG. 6 shows azimuthal antenna patterns for an antenna according to FIG. 1 at frequencies in a first frequency band.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of one embodiment of the antenna 10 of the present invention incorporated within the housing 12 of a portable wireless communications device, such as a cellular telephone.
  • the antenna 10 is diposed at a rear portion of the wireless communications device (facing away from the device user).
  • the antenna 10 includes a planar conductor or ground plane 16, a resonator element 18, and a matching structure 20.
  • the planar ground conductor 16 maybe provided upon a printed wiring board (PWB) 22.
  • PWB printed wiring board
  • the planar conductor 16 may be provided by a double-sided printed circuit board carrying components on one or both surfaces of the board and having ground traces on both sides of the board (the ground traces thus providing the required ground plane).
  • the resonator element 18 includes metal stamping having a generally circular forward edge and generally planar trailing edge.
  • the resonator element 18 is disposed in a parallel orientation relative to the ground plane 16 via a _ conductive support structure 30.
  • Matching structure 20 includes a base portion 32 defining a feed line 34 and a feed point 36.
  • the resonator element 18, support structure 30, and base portion 32 may be formed from a single bent metal stamping constructed as appreciated by those skilled in the relevant arts.
  • a base portion 32 is aligned in the x-y plane and has an integral feedline 34 which is connected to a 50 ohm coax line as illustrated, with a center conductor attached at location 36 and the shield conductor connected to the base portion 32.
  • Alternative shield connection points may be possible at other locations on the base portion 32.
  • the antenna base portion length (in the Y direction) controls degree of linear polarization in the Y direction.
  • Feedline 34 is contiguous with the vertical support structure 30 and connects to the outer edge of the upper section 18. Upper section 18 is parallel to base portion 32. One or more cutout areas 38 are shown as an example of providing clearance for objects within a wireless communication device. Feed line 34 is defined along a portion of the base portion 18 by a "v" shaped notch structure. As depicted in FIG. 2, a coax signal line 40 is coupled at the feedpoint 36.
  • the integrated feed line 34 provides a significant advantage over other feed structures. Rather than using a coax line connected directly to the driven element 18 (where one would need to measure the impedance of each device during assembly to find the 50 ohm matching point), with this antenna 10 the feed point 36 can be predetermined.
  • the dimensions of the upper radiating plate 18 control the frequency of antenna functionality.
  • the gap distance between the upper radiating plate 18 and the base portion 32 also affects the frequency of antenna functionality.
  • the antenna is fabricated as a single metal stamping and bent into the desired configuration.
  • the antenna may be fabricated from a plurality of conductive parts which are soldered or otherwise operatively coupled together, h a preferred embodiment, the conductive parts may be brass or tin plated steel of a thickness of approximately 0.0015 inch. Alternatively, metallic foils could be used to fabricate the conductive parts.
  • the conductive parts of the antenna may be manufactured as plated or sprayed conductive surfaces disposed upon a plastic or other formed part.
  • FIG. 3 a perspective view of a second embodiment of the antenna according to the present invention is provided, h this embodiment, the ground plane of the printed wiring board of the wireless communications device is utilized as the base portion 32 of the antenna.
  • the ground plane of the printed wiring board of the wireless communications device is utilized as the base portion 32 of the antenna.
  • no separate base portion 32 need be provided as in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • a minimum dimension of the ground plane 16 (in the Y direction) is approximately 0.55 wavelength.
  • FIG. 4 shows a plot of voltage standing wave ratio (NSWR) versus frequency for antenna 10, for a 50 ohm measurement system, illustrating particularly applicability of the antenna 10 over the frequency band of operation from 900 - 930 MHz.
  • NSWR voltage standing wave ratio
  • FIG. 5 shows azimuthal antenna patterns for antenna 10 at frequencies in the 900 — 930 MHz range, for a horizontally polarized range antenna and for antenna 10 oriented with its major dimensions parallel to the x-y plane of FIG. 1, and rotation about the z-axis, with the z-direction toward the range antenna and 0 degrees on the plot also along the z-axis.
  • Gain values are listed in the table within the figure.
  • FIG. 6 shows azimuthal antenna patterns for antenna 10 at frequencies in the 900 — 930 MHz range, for a vertically polarized range antenna and for antenna 10 oriented with its major dimensions parallel to the x-y plane of FIG. 1, and rotation about the z-axis, with the z- direction toward the range antenna and 0 degrees on the plot also along the z-axis.
  • Gain values are listed in the table within the figure.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une antenne se composant d'un conducteur de masse planaire, d'un réseau d'adaptation et d'un résonateur. L'antenne est compacte, peut fonctionner sur une ou plusieurs bandes de fréquences et est adaptée à la production grand volume. Cette antenne présente des polarisations doubles et linéaires simultanées et un diagramme unidirectionnel dans au moins une de ses gammes de fréquences de fonctionnement lorsqu'elle est configurée pour un fonctionnement en multibande. Cette antenne est destinée aux dispositifs de communication sans fil, tels que les téléphones sans fil ou les dispositifs de transmission de données.
PCT/US2001/042777 2000-10-20 2001-10-15 Antenne compacte a polarisations multiples WO2002039538A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US24219300P 2000-10-20 2000-10-20
US60/242,193 2000-10-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002039538A2 true WO2002039538A2 (fr) 2002-05-16
WO2002039538A3 WO2002039538A3 (fr) 2002-08-29

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2001/042777 WO2002039538A2 (fr) 2000-10-20 2001-10-15 Antenne compacte a polarisations multiples

Country Status (1)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2438292A (en) * 2006-05-17 2007-11-21 Nec Corp Small antenna suitable for attachment to clothing

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2337859A (en) * 1998-05-29 1999-12-01 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd Antenna with a transmission line feed arrangement
US6034636A (en) * 1996-08-21 2000-03-07 Nec Corporation Planar antenna achieving a wide frequency range and a radio apparatus used therewith
US6049314A (en) * 1998-11-17 2000-04-11 Xertex Technologies, Inc. Wide band antenna having unitary radiator/ground plane
US6100850A (en) * 1999-08-26 2000-08-08 Ncr Corporation Electronic price label antenna
US6160513A (en) * 1997-12-22 2000-12-12 Nokia Mobile Phones Limited Antenna
US6188371B1 (en) * 1999-07-21 2001-02-13 Quake Wireless, Inc. Low-profile adjustable-band antenna
US6218991B1 (en) * 1999-08-27 2001-04-17 Mohamed Sanad Compact planar inverted F antenna
US6222497B1 (en) * 1998-11-20 2001-04-24 Smarteq Wireless Ab Antenna device
US6297776B1 (en) * 1999-05-10 2001-10-02 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. Antenna construction including a ground plane and radiator

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6034636A (en) * 1996-08-21 2000-03-07 Nec Corporation Planar antenna achieving a wide frequency range and a radio apparatus used therewith
US6160513A (en) * 1997-12-22 2000-12-12 Nokia Mobile Phones Limited Antenna
GB2337859A (en) * 1998-05-29 1999-12-01 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd Antenna with a transmission line feed arrangement
US6049314A (en) * 1998-11-17 2000-04-11 Xertex Technologies, Inc. Wide band antenna having unitary radiator/ground plane
US6222497B1 (en) * 1998-11-20 2001-04-24 Smarteq Wireless Ab Antenna device
US6297776B1 (en) * 1999-05-10 2001-10-02 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. Antenna construction including a ground plane and radiator
US6188371B1 (en) * 1999-07-21 2001-02-13 Quake Wireless, Inc. Low-profile adjustable-band antenna
US6100850A (en) * 1999-08-26 2000-08-08 Ncr Corporation Electronic price label antenna
US6218991B1 (en) * 1999-08-27 2001-04-17 Mohamed Sanad Compact planar inverted F antenna

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2438292A (en) * 2006-05-17 2007-11-21 Nec Corp Small antenna suitable for attachment to clothing
GB2438292B (en) * 2006-05-17 2008-09-24 Nec Corp Small-sized antenna
US7579996B2 (en) 2006-05-17 2009-08-25 Nec Corporation Foldable broadband antenna and method of using the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2002039538A3 (fr) 2002-08-29

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