WO2002038477A1 - Endless yarn tensioning strip and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Endless yarn tensioning strip and method for producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002038477A1
WO2002038477A1 PCT/EP2001/012881 EP0112881W WO0238477A1 WO 2002038477 A1 WO2002038477 A1 WO 2002038477A1 EP 0112881 W EP0112881 W EP 0112881W WO 0238477 A1 WO0238477 A1 WO 0238477A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blank
cold
brake band
hardening
endless
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2001/012881
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2002038477A9 (en
Inventor
Kurt Arne Gunnar Jacobsson
Per Ohlson
Original Assignee
Iropa Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=7662522&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO2002038477(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Iropa Ag filed Critical Iropa Ag
Priority to AU2002217004A priority Critical patent/AU2002217004A1/en
Priority to US10/415,026 priority patent/US20040026562A1/en
Priority to EP01993573A priority patent/EP1337453B1/en
Priority to DE50102555T priority patent/DE50102555D1/en
Publication of WO2002038477A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002038477A1/en
Publication of WO2002038477A9 publication Critical patent/WO2002038477A9/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/02—Hardening by precipitation
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D47/00—Looms in which bulk supply of weft does not pass through shed, e.g. shuttleless looms, gripper shuttle looms, dummy shuttle looms
    • D03D47/34—Handling the weft between bulk storage and weft-inserting means
    • D03D47/36—Measuring and cutting the weft
    • D03D47/361—Drum-type weft feeding devices
    • D03D47/364—Yarn braking means acting on the drum
    • D03D47/366—Conical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2404/00—Parts for transporting or guiding the handled material
    • B65H2404/50—Surface of the elements in contact with the forwarded or guided material
    • B65H2404/52—Surface of the elements in contact with the forwarded or guided material other geometrical properties
    • B65H2404/522—Surface of the elements in contact with the forwarded or guided material other geometrical properties details of surface roughness and/or surface treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2601/00—Problem to be solved or advantage achieved
    • B65H2601/10—Ensuring correct operation
    • B65H2601/12—Compensating; Taking-up
    • B65H2601/121—Wear
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/04—Hardening by cooling below 0 degrees Celsius
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49995—Shaping one-piece blank by removing material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12361—All metal or with adjacent metals having aperture or cut

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an endless thread brake band according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for producing an endless thread brake band according to the preamble of claim 2.
  • the brake band In a thread brake with a truncated cone-shaped, endless brake band, the brake band is pressed coaxially with its inner surface against a mostly rounded thread withdrawal surface, for example of a storage body. A contact area is created between the inner surface of the brake band and the thread take-off surface, which is used as a braking zone.
  • the thread is stored in turns on the storage body and is withdrawn from the turns overhead of the storage body and under the brake band. It passes the contact zone between the brake band and the trigger edge in order to be braked or to obtain an essentially uniform thread tension. Pulling off the turns creates a rotational movement of the drawn thread, similar to the movement of a clockwise hand. During this orbital movement, the brake band is deformed along with it.
  • the thread rubs on the brake band.
  • the storage body and the brake band are essentially stationary. Therefore, the brake band needs flexibility, good suspension behavior and high wear resistance under the friction load due to the respective thread material and also the friction load on the mostly metallic trigger surface, with which the brake band forms the braking zone.
  • Such a truncated cone-shaped endless brake band is known from WO 98/23520, which consists of a metal or a metal alloy, beryllium copper being mentioned as an example.
  • Beryllium copper is a material that requires extraordinary care when processed.
  • the brake band can wear noticeably and unevenly under certain operating conditions or with certain thread qualities.
  • a brake band which consists of sheet metal in a thickness of 0.1 mm or less and is produced by stamping and deep drawing.
  • the brake band is described as flexible.
  • an endless brake band of this type is known, which is made of a metal alloy.
  • Such a brake band is known from US 5409 043, which is applied as a very thin metallic layer on the inside to an outer Kevlar support cone, or consists of a steel sheet with a thickness of 0.05 to 0.1 mm.
  • the active surface of the band can be chrome or nickel plated.
  • the brake band must be endless, springy, smooth despite the small wall thickness and wear-resistant on the active surface.
  • the spring behavior and wear resistance could be achieved with hardened conventional steel grades.
  • hardened conventional steel can no longer be shaped.
  • the hardening of previously deformed conventional steel has so far hardly been possible. If conventional steel grades are hardened after shaping, with such thin wall thicknesses (maximum a few tenths of a millimeter), shape defects of the truncated cone would be expected, which would preclude the necessary flatness of the brake band on the active surface and would no longer achieve a homogeneous deformation behavior of the brake band during operation to let. That is why such thread brake bands have so far been made from other metallic materials.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a thread brake band of the type mentioned and a method for producing such a thread brake band, with which the requirements for wear resistance, uniform surface smoothness, uniform suspension and large-scale industrial production can be met in a cost-effective manner.
  • Precipitation-hardened stainless steel unexpectedly exactly meets the requirements that arise for a brake band of a thread brake. This means that the steel can be easily deformed before hardening to remove the truncated cone shape of the brake band from be able to shape the blank without errors in shape, and can then be hardened so that it provides the required suspension, the smooth surface and, above all, the wear resistance on the active surface.
  • Precipitation hardenable steel is inexpensively available in the desired thicknesses, easy to machine and easy to harden.
  • the deformability of the precipitation-hardenable stainless steel is used to first form the truncated cone shape of the brake band on the flat blank, and then the good hardenability with regard to high suspension and good wear resistance is carried out on the active surface, which surprisingly shows that that the hardening process can be carried out in spite of the thin wall thickness while achieving a smooth surface and without the shape of the truncated cone of the thread brake band.
  • the flat blank is expediently shaped by stamping.
  • a high output can be achieved with sufficient accuracy.
  • the cold forming into the shape of the truncated cone is advantageously carried out by deep drawing in a tool.
  • the hardening is carried out in three steps, namely in an austenite conditioning step, a subsequent austenite / martensite transformation step and finally a final precipitation hardening step.
  • the cold-formed blank is heated to around 955 ° C and then held at this temperature for about ten minutes.
  • the blank can then cool in air to room temperature.
  • the cooled, cold-formed blank is cooled to about -73 ° C. and kept at this cooling temperature for eight hours. Then it is allowed to warm up to room temperature in air (transformation step). Finally it is heated to approx. 510 ° C, kept at this temperature for approx. 90 minutes and finally cooled in air to room temperature. This completes the precipitation hardening.
  • the brake band can then be fed to further processing steps in the usual way or incorporated into the thread brake.
  • the final pruning can only take place after hardening.
  • a uniform wall thickness between 0.01 mm and 0.5 mm is expediently set.
  • a thickness range of approx. 0.05 mm to approx. 0.3 mm is particularly favorable for thread brake bands made of this precipitation-hardened steel.
  • the blank should be punched out of a tempered sheet.
  • the term "left on” means the manufacturer's corrosion protection measure, e.g. a solution heat treatment with rapid cooling (Mill Annealed, i.e. Solution Heat Treated and Rapid Cooled).
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an endless brake band for a thread brake
  • Fig. 3 schematically shows the cold deformation of the flat blank of Fig. 2 in a truncated cone shape with subsequent trimming of the final dimensions
  • Fig. 4 is a vertical section through the brake band with references to the tempering or hardening steps to be carried out.
  • An endless brake band B in Fig. 1 has the shape of a truncated cone with a smaller diameter di and a large diameter da, a height h in the direction of the cone axis X, a bandwidth b in the direction of the generatrix, and a wall thickness y.
  • the wall thickness y is between approximately 0.01 mm and 0.5 mm and is the same in the entire brake band B.
  • the brake band B consists of a precipitation hardened stainless steel S (Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel). Good operating behavior is achieved with a wall thickness of 0.08 mm, for example in the case of a thread brake band with an outer diameter of approximately 110 mm, an inner diameter of approximately 85 mm, and a cone angle between approximately 90 ° and 120 °.
  • the inner surface of the brake band B is the active braking surface, which must be smooth and wear-resistant. Furthermore, the band must be inextensible, but deformable in the radial direction or well resilient.
  • the procedure for the manufacture of the brake band B of FIG. 1 is as follows.
  • annular flat blank Z is first formed from a flat sheet metal M, e.g. by punching out, the inner diameter of which is smaller than the nominal inner diameter di of the brake band and the outer diameter of which is larger than the nominal outer diameter da of the brake band B.
  • the flat blank Z is made in a tool W, e.g. by deep drawing, brought into the shape of the truncated cone or truncated cone-shaped intermediate product Z1. Since inevitable material displacements occur during deep drawing, the blank Z was dimensioned in the radial direction with oversizes which are used in the deformation step in FIG. 3 to allow the material to flow. After the deformation, the desired diameters di and there are cut.
  • the blank Z1 which already has the final dimensions, is now processed as follows: In an austenite conditioning step I, the blank Z1 is first heated to, for example, 955 ° C. and held at this temperature for ten minutes. Then it can cool down again in air to room temperature RT.
  • a second austenite / martensite transformation step II which begins within an hour after the first step I, the blank Z1 is cooled to approximately -73 ° C., then held at this temperature for approximately eight hours before it is attained is able to warm up to room temperature in air again.
  • the blank Z1 is heated again, specifically to approx. 510 ° C., held at this temperature for 90 minutes before it is finally allowed to cool in air to room temperature RT. Then the brake band B is made of the precipitation hardened stainless steel S.
  • Post-processing is not necessary, but can be done on a case-by-case basis.
  • precipitation-hardenable stainless steel contains chromium and nickel as the main alloy components. This steel is in itself intended for the production of springs, clips, frame structures in aircraft and pressure tanks. The wear resistance of this steel is not so important in these areas of application. According to the invention, on the other hand, wear resistance in particular is used as an extremely welcome side effect of the precipitation-hardenable steel in thread braking.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)

Abstract

An endless tensioning strip for a yarn tensioning device consists of precipitation hardened stainless steel (S). The endless yarn tensioning strip is produced by first manufacturing an endless blank from a sheet of a precipitation hardening stainless steel, shaping the blank into a truncated cone in its endless form, and then hardening the strip by precipitation hardening.

Description

Endlos-Fadenbremsband und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Endless thread brake band and process for its manufacture
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Endlos-Fadenbremsband gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Endlos-Fadenbremsband gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 2.The invention relates to an endless thread brake band according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for producing an endless thread brake band according to the preamble of claim 2.
In einer Fadenbremse mit kegelstumpfförmigem, endlosem Bremsband wird das Bremsband koaxial mit seiner Innenfläche gegen eine meist gerundete Fadenabzugsfläche beispielsweise eines Speicherkörpers angedrückt. Zwischen der Innenfläche des Bremsbandes und der Fadenabzugsfläche entsteht ein Kontaktbereich, der als Bremszone genutzt wird. Der Faden ist in Windungen auf dem Speicherkörper bevorratet und wird aus den Windungen überkopf des Speicherkörpers und unter dem Bremsband abgezogen. Dabei passiert er die Berührungszone zwischen dem Bremsband und dem Abzugsrand, um gebremst zu werden, bzw. eine im Wesentlichen gleichmäßige Fadenspannung zu erhalten. Durch das Abziehen der Windungen entsteht eine Rotationsbewegung des abgezogenen Fadens, ähnlich der Bewegung eines Uhrzeigers. Bei dieser Umlaufbewegung wird das Bremsband mitwandernd verformt. Der Faden reibt am Bremsband. Der Speicherkörper und das Bremsband stehen im Wesentlichen stationär. Deshalb benötigt das Bremsband Flexibilität, gutes Federungsverhalten und hohe Verschleißfestigkeit unter der Reibbelastung durch das jeweilige Fadenmaterial und auch der Reibbelastung an der meist metallischen Abzugsfläche, mit der zusammen das Bremsband die Bremszone bildet.In a thread brake with a truncated cone-shaped, endless brake band, the brake band is pressed coaxially with its inner surface against a mostly rounded thread withdrawal surface, for example of a storage body. A contact area is created between the inner surface of the brake band and the thread take-off surface, which is used as a braking zone. The thread is stored in turns on the storage body and is withdrawn from the turns overhead of the storage body and under the brake band. It passes the contact zone between the brake band and the trigger edge in order to be braked or to obtain an essentially uniform thread tension. Pulling off the turns creates a rotational movement of the drawn thread, similar to the movement of a clockwise hand. During this orbital movement, the brake band is deformed along with it. The thread rubs on the brake band. The storage body and the brake band are essentially stationary. Therefore, the brake band needs flexibility, good suspension behavior and high wear resistance under the friction load due to the respective thread material and also the friction load on the mostly metallic trigger surface, with which the brake band forms the braking zone.
Aus WO 98/23520 ist ein solches kegelstumpfförmiges Endlos-Bremsband bekannt, das aus einem Metall oder einer Metalllegierung besteht, wobei als Beispiel Beryllium- Kupfer genannt ist. Beryllium-Kupfer ist ein Werkstoff, der bei der Bearbeitung außerordentlicher Sorgfalt bedarf. Das Bremsband kann unter bestimmten Einsatzbedingungen oder bei bestimmten Fadenqualitäten frühzeitig spürbar und ungleichmäßig verschleißen.Such a truncated cone-shaped endless brake band is known from WO 98/23520, which consists of a metal or a metal alloy, beryllium copper being mentioned as an example. Beryllium copper is a material that requires extraordinary care when processed. The brake band can wear noticeably and unevenly under certain operating conditions or with certain thread qualities.
Aus US 5 546 994 ist ein Bremsband bekannt, das aus Metallblech in einer Stärke von 0,1 mm oder weniger besteht und durch Stanzen und Tiefziehen hergestellt wird. Das Bremsband wird als flexibel beschrieben. Aus US 5 678 779 ist ein Endlos-Bremsband dieser Art bekannt, das aus einer Metalllegierung hergestellt ist.From US 5 546 994 a brake band is known which consists of sheet metal in a thickness of 0.1 mm or less and is produced by stamping and deep drawing. The brake band is described as flexible. From US 5 678 779 an endless brake band of this type is known, which is made of a metal alloy.
Aus US 5409 043 ist schließlich ein solches Bremsband bekannt, das als sehr dünne metallische Schicht innen auf einen äußeren Kevlar-Trägerkonus aufgebracht ist, oder aus einem Stahlblech in einer Stärke von 0,05 bis 0,1 mm besteht. Die aktive Oberfläche des Bandes kann verchromt oder vernickelt sein.Finally, such a brake band is known from US 5409 043, which is applied as a very thin metallic layer on the inside to an outer Kevlar support cone, or consists of a steel sheet with a thickness of 0.05 to 0.1 mm. The active surface of the band can be chrome or nickel plated.
Für eine einwandfreie Funktion muss das Bremsband endlos, federnd, trotz der geringen Wandstärke glatt und an der aktiven Oberfläche verschleißfest sein. Das Federverhalten und die Verschleißfestigkeit könnten mit gehärtetem konventionellen Stahlsorten erzielt werden. Gehärteter konventioneller Stahl ist aber in der Regel nicht mehr formbar. Umgekehrt ist das Härten zuvor verformten konventionellen Stahls bisher kaum möglich. Bei einer Härtung von konventionellen Stahlsorten nach dem Formen wäre ferner bei so dünnen Wandstärken (maximal wenige Zehntel Millimeter) mit Formfehlern des Kegelstumpfes zu rechnen, die die notwendige Ebenheit des Bremsbandes an der aktiven Oberfläche ausschließen und ein homogenes Verformungsverhalten des Bremsbandes im Betrieb nicht mehr erreichen lassen. Deshalb wurden solche Faden-Bremsbänder bisher aus anderen metallischen Werkstoffen hergestellt.For proper functioning, the brake band must be endless, springy, smooth despite the small wall thickness and wear-resistant on the active surface. The spring behavior and wear resistance could be achieved with hardened conventional steel grades. As a rule, hardened conventional steel can no longer be shaped. Conversely, the hardening of previously deformed conventional steel has so far hardly been possible. If conventional steel grades are hardened after shaping, with such thin wall thicknesses (maximum a few tenths of a millimeter), shape defects of the truncated cone would be expected, which would preclude the necessary flatness of the brake band on the active surface and would no longer achieve a homogeneous deformation behavior of the brake band during operation to let. That is why such thread brake bands have so far been made from other metallic materials.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Faden-Bremsband der eingangs genannten Art sowie ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines solchen Faden-Bremsbandes anzugeben, mit denen die Anforderungen an Verschleißfestigkeit, gleichmäßige Oberflächenglätte, uniforme Federung und industrieller Großserienproduktion auf kostengünstige Weise zu erfüllen sind.The invention has for its object to provide a thread brake band of the type mentioned and a method for producing such a thread brake band, with which the requirements for wear resistance, uniform surface smoothness, uniform suspension and large-scale industrial production can be met in a cost-effective manner.
Die gestellte Aufgabe wird mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und verfahrensgemäß mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 2 gelöst.The object is achieved with the features of claim 1 and according to the method with the features of claim 2.
Ausscheidungs-gehärteter rostfreier Stahl erfüllt unerwartet genau die Anforderungen, die für ein Bremsband einer Fadenbremse auftreten. D.h., der Stahl lässt sich vor dem Härten bequem verformen, um die Kegelstumpfform des Bremsbandes aus einem fla- chen Zuschnitt ohne Formfehler formen zu können, und lässt sich dann so härten, dass er die erforderliche Federung, die glatte Oberfläche und vor allem die Verschleißfestigkeit an der aktiven Oberfläche erbringt. Ausscheidungs-härtbarer Stahl ist in den gewünschten Dicken kostengünstig erhältlich, einfach mechanisch zu bearbeiten und bequem zu härten. Verfahrensgemäß wird die Verformbarkeit des ausscheidungs-hartbaren rostfreien Stahls genutzt, um zunächst die Kegelstumpfform des Bremsbandes auf dem flachen Zuschnitt zu bilden, und wird dann die gute Härtbarkeit im Hinblick auf hohe Federung und gute Verschleißfestigkeit an der aktiven Oberfläche durchgeführt, wobei sich erstaunlicherweise zeigt, dass der Härteprozess unter Erzielen einer glatten Oberfläche und ohne Formfehler des Kegelstumpfes des Faden-Bremsbandes trotz der dünnen Wandstärke durchführbar ist.Precipitation-hardened stainless steel unexpectedly exactly meets the requirements that arise for a brake band of a thread brake. This means that the steel can be easily deformed before hardening to remove the truncated cone shape of the brake band from be able to shape the blank without errors in shape, and can then be hardened so that it provides the required suspension, the smooth surface and, above all, the wear resistance on the active surface. Precipitation hardenable steel is inexpensively available in the desired thicknesses, easy to machine and easy to harden. According to the method, the deformability of the precipitation-hardenable stainless steel is used to first form the truncated cone shape of the brake band on the flat blank, and then the good hardenability with regard to high suspension and good wear resistance is carried out on the active surface, which surprisingly shows that that the hardening process can be carried out in spite of the thin wall thickness while achieving a smooth surface and without the shape of the truncated cone of the thread brake band.
Der flache Zuschnitt wird zweckmäßigerweise durch Stanzen geformt. Hierbei lässt sich ein hoher Ausstoß mit ausreichender Genauigkeit erzielen. Das Kaltverformen in die Gestalt des Kegelstumpfmantels erfolgt zweckmäßigerweise durch Tiefziehen in einem Werkzeug. Die Härtung wird in drei Schritten durchgeführt, und zwar in einem Austenit-Konditionierschritt, einem anschließenden Austenit/Martensit-Transformie- rungsschritt und schließlich einem abschließenden Ausscheidungs-Härteschritt.The flat blank is expediently shaped by stamping. Here, a high output can be achieved with sufficient accuracy. The cold forming into the shape of the truncated cone is advantageously carried out by deep drawing in a tool. The hardening is carried out in three steps, namely in an austenite conditioning step, a subsequent austenite / martensite transformation step and finally a final precipitation hardening step.
Bei dem Austenit-Konditionierschritt wird der kaltverformte Zuschnitt auf rund 955°C erwärmt und dann ca. zehn Minuten auf dieser Temperatur gehalten. Danach darf sich der Zuschnitt in Luft auf Raumtemperatur abkühlen. Ehe eine Stunde verstrichen ist, wird der abgekühlte kaltverformte Zuschnitt bis auf etwa -73°C abgekühlt und für acht Stunden auf dieser Kühltemperatur gehalten. Dann darf er sich in Luft wieder auf Raumtemperatur erwärmen (Transformierungs-Schritt). Abschließend wird er auf ca. 510°C erwärmt, für ca. 90 Minuten auf dieser Temperatur gehalten und schließlich in Luft auf Raumtemperatur abgekühlt. Damit ist die Ausscheidungs-Härtung abgeschlossen. Das Bremsband kann dann in üblicher Weise weiteren Verarbeitungsschritten zugeführt bzw. in die Fadenbremse eingegliedert werden.In the austenite conditioning step, the cold-formed blank is heated to around 955 ° C and then held at this temperature for about ten minutes. The blank can then cool in air to room temperature. Before an hour has passed, the cooled, cold-formed blank is cooled to about -73 ° C. and kept at this cooling temperature for eight hours. Then it is allowed to warm up to room temperature in air (transformation step). Finally it is heated to approx. 510 ° C, kept at this temperature for approx. 90 minutes and finally cooled in air to room temperature. This completes the precipitation hardening. The brake band can then be fed to further processing steps in the usual way or incorporated into the thread brake.
Im Hinblick auf exakte Maßhaltigkeit und homogene Eigenschaften des Bremsbandes ist es zweckmäßig, den Zuschnitt als flachen Kreisring mit Übermaß in Radialrichtung zu stanzen, und erst nach der Kaltverformung und vor der Härtung auf die Sollmasse zu schneiden. Das Überschussmaterial in radialer Richtung kann zuvor bei dem Reck- Prozess, der mit dem Kaltverformen einhergeht, Materialverlagerungen kompensieren. Durch das anschließende Beschneiden liegen dann bis zu den endgültigen Schneidrändem gleiche Verhältnisse im Faden-Bremsband vor.With regard to exact dimensional accuracy and homogeneous properties of the brake band, it is advisable to punch the blank as a flat circular ring with an oversize in the radial direction, and only after the cold deformation and before hardening to the target mass to cut. The excess material in the radial direction can compensate for material displacements beforehand in the stretching process, which is associated with cold forming. The subsequent trimming then results in the same conditions in the thread brake band up to the final cutting edges.
Alternativ kann die endgültige Beschneidung auch erst nach dem Härten erfolgen.Alternatively, the final pruning can only take place after hardening.
Beim Kaltverformen wird zweckmäßigerweise eine gleichmäßige Wandstärke zwischen 0,01 mm bis 0,5 mm eingestellt. Ein Dickenbereich von ca. 0,05 mm bis ca. 0,3 mm ist für Fadenbremsbänder aus diesem ausscheidungs-gehärteten Stahl besonders günstig.During cold forming, a uniform wall thickness between 0.01 mm and 0.5 mm is expediently set. A thickness range of approx. 0.05 mm to approx. 0.3 mm is particularly favorable for thread brake bands made of this precipitation-hardened steel.
Damit bei Lagerhaltung, Transport oder dgl. keine die Bearbeitung des Stahles störende Korrosion eintritt, und ggfs. zur besseren Bearbeitbarkeit sollte der Zuschnitt aus einem angelassenen Blech gestanzt werden. Unter "angelassen" wird dabei die herstellerseitige Korrosionsschutzmaßnahme verstanden, so z.B. eine Lösungswärmebehandlung mit rascher Abkühlung (Mill Annealed, d.h. Solution Heat Treated and Rapid Cooled).So that there is no corrosion that interferes with the processing of the steel during storage, transport or the like, and if necessary for better workability, the blank should be punched out of a tempered sheet. The term "left on" means the manufacturer's corrosion protection measure, e.g. a solution heat treatment with rapid cooling (Mill Annealed, i.e. Solution Heat Treated and Rapid Cooled).
Anhand der Zeichnung wird die Erfindung erläutert. Es zeigen:The invention is explained on the basis of the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1 eine Perspektivansicht eines Endlos-Bremsbandes für eine Fadenbremse,1 is a perspective view of an endless brake band for a thread brake,
Fig. 2 als Vertikalschnitt den Schritt des Anfertigens eines flachen Zuschnitts,2 is a vertical section of the step of making a flat blank,
Fig. 3 schematisch die Kaltverformung des flachen Zuschnitts der Fig. 2 in eine Kegelstumpfgestalt mit anschließendem Zuschneiden der endgültigen Dimensionen, undFig. 3 schematically shows the cold deformation of the flat blank of Fig. 2 in a truncated cone shape with subsequent trimming of the final dimensions, and
Fig. 4 einen Vertikalschnitt durch das Bremsband mit Hinweisen auf die durchzuführenden Vergütungs- oder Härtungsschritte. Ein Endlos-Bremsband B in Fig. 1 hat die Form eines Kegelstumpfmantels mit einem kleineren Durchmesser di und einem großen Durchmesser da, einer Höhe h in Richtung der Kegelachse X, einer Bandweite b in Richtung der Erzeugenden, und einer Wandstärke y. Die Wandstärke y liegt zwischen etwa 0,01 mm und 0,5 mm und ist im gesamten Bremsband B gleich. Das Bremsband B besteht aus einem ausscheidungsgehärteten rostfreien Stahl S (Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel). Ein gutes Betriebsverhalten wird mit einer Wandstärke von 0.08 mm erzielt, z.B. bei einem Fadenbremsband mit etwa 110 mm Außendurchmesser, etwa 85 mm Innendurchmesser, und einem Kegelspitzwinkel zwischen ca. 90° und 120°.Fig. 4 is a vertical section through the brake band with references to the tempering or hardening steps to be carried out. An endless brake band B in Fig. 1 has the shape of a truncated cone with a smaller diameter di and a large diameter da, a height h in the direction of the cone axis X, a bandwidth b in the direction of the generatrix, and a wall thickness y. The wall thickness y is between approximately 0.01 mm and 0.5 mm and is the same in the entire brake band B. The brake band B consists of a precipitation hardened stainless steel S (Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel). Good operating behavior is achieved with a wall thickness of 0.08 mm, for example in the case of a thread brake band with an outer diameter of approximately 110 mm, an inner diameter of approximately 85 mm, and a cone angle between approximately 90 ° and 120 °.
Die innere Oberfläche des Bremsbandes B ist die aktive Bremsfläche, die glatt und verschleißfest sein muss. Ferner muss das Band undehnbar sein, jedoch in radialer Richtung verformbar bzw. gut federnd.The inner surface of the brake band B is the active braking surface, which must be smooth and wear-resistant. Furthermore, the band must be inextensible, but deformable in the radial direction or well resilient.
Bei der Herstellung des Bremsbandes B von Fig. 1 wird wie folgt vorgegangen.The procedure for the manufacture of the brake band B of FIG. 1 is as follows.
Gemäß Fig. 2 wird zunächst aus einem ebenen Blech M ein kreisringförmiger flacher Zuschnitt Z gebildet, z.B. durch Ausstanzen, dessen Innendurchmesser kleiner ist als der Soll-Innendurchmesser di des Bremsbandes und dessen Außendurchmesser größer ist als der Soll-Außendurchmesser da des Bremsbandes B.2, an annular flat blank Z is first formed from a flat sheet metal M, e.g. by punching out, the inner diameter of which is smaller than the nominal inner diameter di of the brake band and the outer diameter of which is larger than the nominal outer diameter da of the brake band B.
Gemäß Fig. 3 wird der flache Zuschnitt Z in einem Werkzeug W, z.B. durch Tiefziehen, in die Form des Kegelstumpfes bzw. kegelstumpfförmigen Zwischenproduktes Z1 gebracht. Da beim Tiefziehen unvermeidliche Materialverlagerungen auftreten, wurde der Zuschnitt Z in radialer Richtung mit Übermaßen dimensioniert, die im Verformungsschritt in Fig. 3 genutzt werden, um das Fließen des Materials zuzulassen. Nach der Verformung erfolgt ein Zuschneiden auf die Soll-Durchmesser di und da.3, the flat blank Z is made in a tool W, e.g. by deep drawing, brought into the shape of the truncated cone or truncated cone-shaped intermediate product Z1. Since inevitable material displacements occur during deep drawing, the blank Z was dimensioned in the radial direction with oversizes which are used in the deformation step in FIG. 3 to allow the material to flow. After the deformation, the desired diameters di and there are cut.
Der nun bereits die endgültigen Dimensionen aufweisende Zuschnitt Z1 wird nun wie folgt bearbeitet: In einem Austenit-Konditionier-Schritt I wird der Zuschnitt Z1 zunächst auf beispielsweise 955°C erhitzt und für zehn Minuten auf dieser Temperatur gehalten. Dann kann er sich in Luft wieder auf Raumtemperatur RT abkühlen.The blank Z1, which already has the final dimensions, is now processed as follows: In an austenite conditioning step I, the blank Z1 is first heated to, for example, 955 ° C. and held at this temperature for ten minutes. Then it can cool down again in air to room temperature RT.
In einem zweiten Austenit/Martensit-Transformierungs-Schritt II, der innerhalb einer Stunde nach dem ersten Schritt I beginnt, wird der Zuschnitt Z1 auf ca. -73°C abgekühlt, dann für ca. acht Stunden auf dieser Temperatur gehalten, ehe er sich in Luft wieder auf Raumtemperatur RT zu erwärmen vermag.In a second austenite / martensite transformation step II, which begins within an hour after the first step I, the blank Z1 is cooled to approximately -73 ° C., then held at this temperature for approximately eight hours before it is attained is able to warm up to room temperature in air again.
In einem anschließenden Ausscheidungs-Härteschritt III wird der Zuschnitt Z1 erneut erwärmt, und zwar auf ca. 510°C, für 90 Minuten auf dieser Temperatur gehalten, ehe er sich schließlich in Luft bis auf Raumtemperatur RT abkühlen darf. Dann liegt das Bremsband B aus dem ausscheidungs-gehärteten rostfreien Stahl S vor.In a subsequent precipitation hardening step III, the blank Z1 is heated again, specifically to approx. 510 ° C., held at this temperature for 90 minutes before it is finally allowed to cool in air to room temperature RT. Then the brake band B is made of the precipitation hardened stainless steel S.
Eine Nachbearbeitung ist nicht erforderlich, kann jedoch fallweise vorgenommen werden.Post-processing is not necessary, but can be done on a case-by-case basis.
Neben anderen Zusätzen enthält ausscheidungs-härtbarer rostfreier Stahl als Hauptlegierungsbestandteile Chrom und Nickel. Dieser Stahl ist an sich bestimmt zum Herstellen von Federn, Clips, Rahmenstrukturen in Luftfahrzeugen und Drucktanks. Auf die Verschleißfestigkeit dieses Stahls kommt es in diesen Einsatzgebieten nicht so sehr an. Erfindungsgemäß wird hingegen vor allem die Verschleißfestigkeit als äußerst willkommener Nebeneffekt des ausscheidungs-hartbaren Stahls bei der Fadenbremsung genutzt. Among other additives, precipitation-hardenable stainless steel contains chromium and nickel as the main alloy components. This steel is in itself intended for the production of springs, clips, frame structures in aircraft and pressure tanks. The wear resistance of this steel is not so important in these areas of application. According to the invention, on the other hand, wear resistance in particular is used as an extremely welcome side effect of the precipitation-hardenable steel in thread braking.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Endlos-Bremsband (B) für eine Fadenbremse, mit der Form eines Kegelstumpf- Mantels, der durch Kaltverformen eines flachen Zuschnitts (Z) aus dünnem Metallblech (M) hergestellt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bremsband (B) aus ausscheidungs-gehärtetem rostfreiem Stahl (S) (Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel) besteht.1. Endless brake band (B) for a thread brake, with the shape of a truncated cone jacket, which is made by cold-forming a flat blank (Z) from thin sheet metal (M), characterized in that the brake band (B) consists of hardened stainless steel (S) (Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel).
2. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Fadenbrems-Endlos-Bremsbandes mit der Form eines Kegelstumpfmantels, bei dem ein flacher, endloser Zuschnitt durch Kaltverformen in die Kegelstumpfform gebracht wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zuschnitt (Z) aus einem Blech (M) eines durch Ausscheidungshärtung härtbaren rostfreien Stahls (S) gebildet, danach kaltverformt und nach dem Kaltverformen ausschei- dungs-gehärtet wird.2. A method for producing a thread brake endless brake band with the shape of a truncated cone shell, in which a flat, endless blank is cold-formed into the truncated cone shape, characterized in that the blank (Z) from a sheet (M) one by precipitation hardening hardenable stainless steel (S), then cold-formed and, after cold-forming, precipitation-hardened.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zuschnitt (Z) gestanzt und durch Tiefziehen in einem Werkzeug (W) kaltverformt wird, und dass die Härtung mit einem Austenit-Konditionier-Schritt (I), einem Austenit/Martensit-Transfor- mations-Schritt (II) und einem Ausscheidungs-Härteschritt (III) durchgeführt wird.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the blank (Z) is punched and cold-formed by deep drawing in a tool (W), and that the hardening with an austenite conditioning step (I), an austenite / martensite transform - Mations step (II) and a precipitation hardening step (III) is carried out.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der kaltverformte Zuschnitt (Z1) auf knapp unter 1000°C, vorzugsweise 955°C, erwärmt und ca. zehn Minuten auf dieser Temperatur gehalten und nachfolgend in Luft bis auf Raumtemperatur (RT) abgekühlt wird [Austenit-Konditionierung], dass er nachfolgend innerhalb einer Stunde bis etwa auf -73°C abgekühlt und für ca. acht Stunden auf dieser Kühltemperatur gehalten und dann in Luft auf Raumtemperatur erwärmt wird [Transformations-Schritt], und dass er abschließend auf etwas über 500°C, vorzugsweise 510°C, aufgeheizt, für ca. 90 Minuten auf dieser Temperatur gehalten, und dann in Luft auf Raumtemperatur (RT) abgekühlt wird [Ausscheidungs-Härtung].4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the cold-formed blank (Z1) to just below 1000 ° C, preferably 955 ° C, heated and held at this temperature for about ten minutes and then cooled in air to room temperature (RT) is [austenite conditioning] that it is subsequently cooled to about -73 ° C. within one hour and kept at this cooling temperature for about eight hours and then warmed to room temperature in air [transformation step], and that it finally heats up heated slightly above 500 ° C, preferably 510 ° C, held at this temperature for about 90 minutes, and then cooled in air to room temperature (RT) [precipitation hardening].
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zuschnitt (Z) als flacher Kreisring mit Übermaß in Radialrichtung gestanzt und erst nach der Verformung und vor der Härtung in Radialrichtung auf das Sollmaß (di, da) beschnitten wird. 5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the blank (Z) is punched as a flat circular ring with an oversize in the radial direction and is trimmed to the desired dimension (di, da) only after the deformation and before hardening in the radial direction.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zuschnitt (Z) als flacher Kreisring mit Übermaß in Radialrichtung gestanzt und erst nach der Härtung in Radialrichtung auf das Sollmaß (di, da) beschnitten wird.6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the blank (Z) is punched as a flat circular ring with an oversize in the radial direction and is trimmed to the desired dimension (di, da) in the radial direction only after hardening.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass beim Kaltverformen eine gleichmäßige Wandstärke innerhalb eines Bereiches (y) zwischen 0,01 mm und 0,5mm, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,05 und 0,3 mm, eingestellt wird.7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that during cold forming a uniform wall thickness within a range (y) between 0.01 mm and 0.5 mm, preferably between 0.05 and 0.3 mm, is set.
8. Verfahren nach wenigstens einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zuschnitt (Z) aus einem angelassenen Blech (M) gestanzt wird (Mill An- nealed, d.h. Solution Heat Treated And Rapid Cooled). 8. The method according to at least one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the blank (Z) is punched from a tempered sheet (M) (Mill Annealed, i.e. Solution Heat Treated And Rapid Cooled).
PCT/EP2001/012881 2000-11-08 2001-11-07 Endless yarn tensioning strip and method for producing the same WO2002038477A1 (en)

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AU2002217004A AU2002217004A1 (en) 2000-11-08 2001-11-07 Endless yarn tensioning strip and method for producing the same
US10/415,026 US20040026562A1 (en) 2000-11-08 2001-11-07 Endless yarn tensioning strip and method for producing the same
EP01993573A EP1337453B1 (en) 2000-11-08 2001-11-07 Endless yarn tensioning strip and method for producing the same
DE50102555T DE50102555D1 (en) 2000-11-08 2001-11-07 ENDLESS THREADBRAKE BAND AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF

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DE10055275A DE10055275A1 (en) 2000-11-08 2000-11-08 Mill annealed process to manufacture stainless steel yarn brake as a truncated cone
DE10055275.7 2000-11-08

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