WO2002036770A2 - Sequences polymorphes du gene humain abca1, leurs utilisations, les methodes et kits de detection - Google Patents
Sequences polymorphes du gene humain abca1, leurs utilisations, les methodes et kits de detection Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002036770A2 WO2002036770A2 PCT/FR2001/003182 FR0103182W WO0236770A2 WO 2002036770 A2 WO2002036770 A2 WO 2002036770A2 FR 0103182 W FR0103182 W FR 0103182W WO 0236770 A2 WO0236770 A2 WO 0236770A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- nucleic acid
- nucleotide
- seq
- abcal
- sequence seq
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6883—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/156—Polymorphic or mutational markers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to polymorphisms of the human ABCAl gene and the new polypeptide alleles encoded by the different sequences exhibiting allelic variations.
- the invention also relates to methods and kits for the analysis of allelic variations in the human ABCAl gene, and the use of the ABCAl polymorphism for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular conditions such as the risk of myocardial infarction. , atherosclerosis, and Tangier's disease.
- ABCAl is a member of the ABC transporter protein superfamily
- the members of this transporter family which, on the one hand, are extremely conserved during evolution, from bacteria to humans, on the other hand have a common general structure characterized by two nucleotide binding folds (Nucleotide Binding Fold or NBF) with Walker motifs A and B as well as two transmembrane domains, each of the transmembrane domains consisting of several helices.
- NBF Nucleotide Binding Fold
- the specificity of the ABC transporters for the different molecules transported appears to be determined by the structure of the transmembrane domains, while the energy necessary for the transport activity is provided by the degradation of ATP at the level of NBF folding.
- LDLs Low Density Lipoprotein
- HDLs High Density Lipoprotein
- the LDLs supply the tissues with cholesterol whereas, on the contrary, the HDLs drive the excess cholesterol formed in the tissues to the liver.
- cholesterol is acylated by transfer of lecithin fatty acids by the action of the enzyme phosphatidyl-sterol-acyltransferase (LCAT).
- LCAT phosphatidyl-sterol-acyltransferase
- LDLs and HDLs lipoprotein complexes which therefore intervene respectively in the cholesterol influx and efflux mechanisms, from the liver to the tissues or vice versa, have a spherical structure of different density, which consists essentially of a core of non-polar lipids made up of triacylglycerols and cholesterol esters, and a crown made up of apolipoproteins and amphiphilic lipids.
- a first so-called passive pathway promotes the efflux of cholesterol from the plasma membrane to HDLs
- the second pathway is energy-dependent, and in particular uses apolipoprotein AI (Apo-AI) from nascent HDLs, which is probably recognized and binds to membrane receptors cells in order to allow the translocation of excess cholesterol to the HDLs particles (Rothblat et al. J. Lipid. Res. (1999) 40 (5) 781-96).
- fibroblasts and macrophages are the site of an active translocation of cholesterol using apolipoproteins poor in lipids such as ApoA-I, ApoA-IL and Apo-E (Yokoyama S., Biochim. Biophys Acta (1998) 1392 (1), 1-15; Takahashi et al., PNAS (1999) 96 (20), 11358-63).
- HDL metabolism Family disorders linked to HDL metabolism are also characterized by a low concentration of HDL particles, and are most often detected in patients affected by coronary heart disease (Marcil et al., The Lancet (1999) 354 (9187), 1341-6). This cardio-protective effect of HDL is probably explained by its involvement in the transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver (Bruce et al. Annu. Rev. Nutr. (1998) 18, 297-3130).
- the ABCAl gene product is likely to play a role in regulating the cellular metabolism of cholesterol and in the reverse transport of cholesterol and phospholipids.
- the ABCAl gene is a key gene in the active path of translocation of cholesterol from cells to HDL.
- the transporter ABCAl is mutated in patients affected in the reverse transport of cholesterol, and in particular in patients suffering from both Tangier's disease and familial HDL deficiency (Lawn et al, J. Clin. Invest. (1999) 104 (8) 125-31; Bodzioch et al, N ⁇ t. Genêt. (1999) 22 (4), 347-51; Orso et al., Nat. Genêt. (2000) 24 (2), 192-6).
- the human ABCAl gene was recently cloned and characterized and is described in particular in applications PCT / FROO / 01595, EP99402668, and by Santamarina-Fojo et al, PNAS (2000) 97 (14), 7987-7992). It has a total size of 149kb, and includes a promoter sequence of 1.453kb, coding and intronic sequences of 146.581 kb, and a 3 'region of lkb. It consists of 50 exons and therefore 49 introns.
- Exon 1 code for the 5 'untranslated end (5' UTR) is followed by a large intron 24,156 kb in length, and exon 2 contains the remaining part of the 5 'UTR end, and code for the first 21 amino acids of the N-terminus of the ABCAl protein.
- the ABCAl gene codes for the transporter protein ABCAl of 2261 amino acids.
- TATAAAAG TATA box 33 bp upstream of the transcription initiation site
- numerous ubiquitous transcription factor binding sites such as SP1 , NF-kB, activator proteins (AP-1, -2, and -4), and three E-box motifs (5'-CANNTG- 3 '), as well as several hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF) binding sites -3 ⁇ .
- the applicants have surprisingly and unexpectedly discovered a number of polymorphisms in the human gene coding for the transporter ABCAl.
- the applicants have also discovered a statistically significant correlation between the presence of certain allelic polymorphisms of the ABCAl gene and the predisposition of a subject to develop a coronary pathology, such as in particular a risk of myocardial infarction.
- the present invention therefore relates to isolated nucleic acids coding for polymorphic variants of the human ABCAl transporter, capable of being linked with a coronary risk, such as a risk of myocardial infarction, of cardiovascular disease or more generally any condition due to HDL deficiency.
- the present invention also relates to the polymorphic polypeptide sequences of the human ABCAl transporter produced by the allelic forms of ABCAl.
- the subject of the present invention is recombinant vectors comprising these nucleic acids, cells comprising the vectors, and methods for producing variant polypeptides obtained by culturing the cells under conditions allowing the expression of these polypeptides.
- the subject of the present invention is appropriate means of detection, probes or primers, specific for some of these polymorphisms in the human gene ABCAl, capable of being associated with coronary risks, such as for example a risk of myocardial infarction, or to a particular pharmacological response to a therapeutic molecule.
- the present invention also relates to a method and kits for detecting a sequence of polymorphisms at the level of the ABCAl transporter sequence of a human subject, and consists in (i) isolating a DNA sample from said subject, (ii) amplifying the regions containing the ABCAl gene, (iii) determining the presence or absence of one or more polymorphisms at the level of the amplified DNA region.
- Such polymorphisms can be linked to other polymorphisms in a polymorphic profile, which is associated with a predisposition to a disease or to a metabolic disorder.
- the present invention relates to a method for diagnosing the risk of a cardiovascular condition in a patient.
- the method consists in comparing two polymorphic profiles.
- the first profile is that of the patient to be tested, and the second is a reference polymorphic profile which is derived from a population of control individuals with a predetermined cardiovascular or coronary risk such as for example a risk of infarction myocardium.
- the comparison between the test and control polymorphic sequences gives a good indication of the risk factor of the subject having an ABCAl polymorphic sequence.
- nucleic acid refers to polymers containing purine and pyrimidine bases. These are polyribonucleotides, polydeoxyribonucleotides, or mixed polyribo-polydeoxyribomicleotide polynucleotides.
- the nucleic acids include the single and double stranded molecules, of the DNA-DNA, DNA-RNA, and RNA type, or the “protein nucleic acids” (PNA) formed by conjugation of bases to an amino acid skeleton. Nucleic acids also include molecules comprising modified bases and analogous phosphodiester linkages, such as phosphorothioates and thioesters.
- nucleic acid in particular DNA, RNA molecules, refers only to a primary or secondary structure of the molecule, and is not limited by a particular tertiary configuration. Therefore, the term includes double stranded DNA, which is found among others in linear or circular DNA molecules (in restriction fragments), plasmids, and chromosomes. The structure of double stranded DNA molecules are described using conventional direction, i.e. 5 '->3' of the non-transcribed strand of DNA or sense strand (having an RNA homologous sequence).
- a recombinant DNA molecule is a DNA molecule that has been subjected to molecular biology manipulations.
- nucleic acid or an“ isolated ”polypeptide within the meaning of the present invention means a nucleic acid or a polypeptide which has been removed from its environment of natural origin.
- An isolated nucleic acid or polypeptide contains less than about 50%, preferably less than 75%, and even more preferably less than 90% of cellular components.
- a nucleic acid or a derived polypeptide sequence corresponds to a region of a particular designated sequence, and includes for nucleic acids, the sequences which are identical or complementary.
- nucleotide sequence can be used to designate either a polynucleotide or a nucleic acid, encompasses the genetic material itself, and is therefore not limited to the information containing its sequence.
- oligonucleotide refers to a nucleic acid, generally comprising at least 10, preferably 15, and more preferably at least 20 nucleotides, which is capable of hybridizing to a DNA molecule genomics, to an mRNA molecule encoding a gene, to a cDNA, or any other molecule of interest.
- the oligonucleotides can be labeled, for example with 32 P nucleotides, or nucleotides to which are fixed by covalent bond, a fluorescent marker, or a marker such as biotin.
- the oligonucleotide can be a probe capable of detecting the presence of a nucleic acid.
- Toligonucleotide can be a PCR primer, and can be used to clone the complete sequence or a fragment of a gene of interest.
- the oligonucleotide can further form a triple helix with a double strand sequence of interest on a DNA molecule.
- a library of oligonucleotides can be attached to a solid support in order to detect different polymorphisms of interest.
- oligonucleotides are synthetic, and may include phosphodiester linkages or thioester linkages.
- a probe refers to a nucleic acid or an oligonucleotide capable of hybridizing to a sequence on a target nucleic acid due to the complementarity of at least part of the probe with a sequence of the target nucleic acid. This probe is generally labeled in order to be detectable after hybridization.
- a nucleic acid molecule hybridizes to a nucleic acid molecule, such as a cDNA, genomic DNA, or RNA, when the single-stranded form of the nucleic acid molecule can stabilize with another molecule single-stranded nucleic acid according to the appropriate temperature and ionic strength conditions of the hybridization solution (Sambrook et al. 1989, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Second Edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press: Cold Spring Harbor, New - York). The temperature and ionic strength conditions determine the stringency of the hybridization.
- Low stringency conditions are used for preliminary screening of nucleic acids (temperature equal to 55 ° C., 5XSSC at 0.1% SDS, 0.25% milk, without formamide; or 30% formamide, 5XSSC at 0, 5% SDS).
- the hybridization temperature is calculated by the equations described in Sambrook et al.
- the position of the mismatches is important, and the length of the oligonucleotide determines its specificity. This generally has a minimum length of 10 nucleotides, preferably at least 15 nucleotides, and even more preferably 20 nucleotides.
- hybridization conditions described above are suitable for hybridization under high stringency conditions, of a nucleic acid molecule of variable length from 20 nucleotides to several hundred nucleotides.
- the suitable hybridization conditions can for example be adapted according to the teaching contained in the work of HAMES and HIGGINS (Eds., (1985)
- a gene refers to a nucleic acid sequence corresponding to a sequence present in the genome which comprises (i) the coding region, which comprises exons, introns, and sequences at the junction between exons and introns, and (ii) 5 'and 3' regulatory sequences of the coding region.
- “ABCAl transporter” is understood to mean the ABCAl transporter protein having the cDNA of nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 (FIG. 1), and the peptide sequence SEQ ID NO: 2 (FIG. 2).
- FIG. 1 nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 1
- FIG. 2 peptide sequence SEQ ID NO: 2
- nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is meant the substitution, insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide in the nucleotide sequence of a gene between several individuals.
- polymorphism When the polymorphism is in the form of an insertion or a deletion, it may be an insertion or a deletion of one or more nucleotides at a position of a gene.
- the different nucleotide sequences of the same gene due to a polymorphism are alleles.
- a "polymorphic position” is a predetermined position in the sequence of a gene that includes an SNP.
- genetic polymorphisms cause a variation in the amino acid sequence, and therefore from a polymorphic position can result in a polymorphism in the amino acid sequence at a predetermined position in the polypeptide sequence.
- An individual homozygous for a particular polymorphism carries on the two copies of the same gene, the same polymorphic sequence at the same position.
- An individual heterozygous for a particular polymorphism relates to the two copies of the gene, different sequences at the level of the polymorphic position.
- polymorphic profile is understood to mean one or more single nucleotide polymorphisms, which may be present in the sequence of a single gene or of a plurality of genes.
- a simple polymorphic profile includes an SNP in a single position of one or two alleles of an individual (allelic polymorphism).
- a polymorphic test profile corresponds to the characteristic polymorphism of an individual who is the subject of a diagnosis for example of a predisposition to a disease associated with a deficiency of the ABCAl gene, such as a metabolic deficiency of the FHD type or a condition cardiovascular, or a risk of myocardial infarction.
- the reference or control polymorphic profile was determined by statistically significant correlation of the profiles in a population of individuals who present a coronary risk.
- the present invention is based on the discovery of 90 polymorphisms in the sequence of the human gene ABCAl as represented in the sequences SEQ ID NO: 3-22, of which 22 SNPs are found in the promoter sequence upstream of the human ABCAl gene of SEQ ID NO: 23. Certain SNPs according to the present invention lead to structural alterations in the polypeptide sequence of the human ABCAl transporter protein represented at SEQ ID NO: 2.
- PCR polymerase chain reactions
- Table 2 shows the allelic polymorphisms in the exons and introns of the human ABCAl gene according to the present invention.
- H indicates in particular the polymorphic position in each of the exons with respect to the first nucleotide of the reference exon, and in each of the introns with respect to the 3 'end or upstream of the 5' end of the most exon close, the 5 'and 3' sequences on either side of the polymorphic position, the frequency of appearance of the polymorphism in the three populations tested, African, Caucasian and Japanese. In cases where these frequencies could not be determined, it is indicated "nd".
- polymorphisms are manifested by structural alterations in the peptide sequence of the human ABCAl transporter protein, and more precisely by the substitution of one amino acid for another (MIS).
- Other polymorphisms in the exonic sequences are said to be silent (SEL), the protein sequence ABCAl remaining unchanged.
- SEL silent
- NAD non-coding
- the s-35ela mutation consists in the substitution of a cytosine (C) by a guanine (G) at position 35 of exon la, that is to say at position 2928 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 3.
- Exon the carrying this polymorphism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 24.
- the cDNA carrying the polymorphism in exon la of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 92.
- a first mutation is designated s-16elb and consists of the insertion of a guanine (G) at position 16 of exon lb, ie at position 115 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 4.
- Exon lb carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 25.
- the cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon lb of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 93.
- a second mutation designated s-76elb consists in the substitution of a guanine (G) by a cytosine (C) in position 76 of exon lb, that is to say in position 175 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 4.
- L exon lb carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 26.
- the cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon lb of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 94.
- the s-m39i3 mutation consists of the substitution of a cytosine (C) into an adenine (A) position -39 of the 3 'end of intron 3, i.e. at position 10646 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 5.
- the nucleotide sequence of intron 3 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is represented in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 27. Mutation in intron 4
- the s-25i4 mutation consists of the substitution of a cytosine (C) in a thymidine (T) position 25 at the 5 'end of the intron 4, ie at position 10828 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 5.
- the partial nucleotide sequence of intron 4 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is represented in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 28.
- the s-53e5 mutation consists of the substitution of a guanine (G) in an adenine (A) position 53 of exon 5, that is to say position 306 with respect to the sequence
- Exon 5 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 29.
- the cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon 5 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 95.
- the mutation designated s-108e6 consists of the substitution of an adenine (A) in a guanine (G) in position 108 of exon 6, that is to say in position 268 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 7.
- the exon 6 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 30.
- the cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon 6 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 96.
- the mutation s-113e6 consists in the substitution of a guanine (G) in an adenine (A) in position 113 of exon 6, that is to say in position 273 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 7.
- the sequence of exon 6 of the ABCAl gene carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is the polynucleotide of sequence SEQ ID NO: 31.
- the mutated cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon 6 is represented in the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 97, code for an ABCAl polypeptide varying with a length of 2261 amino acids, of sequence SEQ ID NO: 127.
- the s-ml4i7 mutation consists of the insertion of an adenine (A) at position - 14 upstream of the 3 'end of intron 7, i.e. at position 589 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 8
- the partial nucleotide sequence of intron 7 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is represented in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 32.
- the mutation s-123e8 consists of the substitution of a cytosine (C) by a thymine (T) in position 123 of exon 8, that is to say in position 726 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 8.
- Exon 8 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 33.
- the cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon 8 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 98.
- the s-135e8 mutation consists of the substitution of a guanine (G) by an adenine (A) at position 135 of exon 8, that is to say at position 738 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 8.
- Exon 8 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 34.
- the cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon 8 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 99.
- the s-m89i8 mutation consists of the substitution of an adenine (A) by a guanine (G) in position -89 upstream of the 3 'end of intron 8, i.e. at position 525 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 9.
- the partial nucleotide sequence of intron 8 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is represented in the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO .- 35.
- the mutation s-ml04i9 consists of the substitution of an adenine (A) by a guanine (G) in position -104 upstream of the 3 'end of intron 9, that is to say position 981 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 9.
- the partial nucleotide sequence of intron 9 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is represented in the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 36.
- the mutation s-m61i9 consists of an insertion of a guanine (G) in position -61 upstream from the 3 'end of intron 9, ie at position 1023 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 9.
- the sequence partial nucleotide of intron 9 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is represented in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 37.
- the mutation s-m41i9 consists of a deletion of a fragment of three "CTC" nucleotides from the nucleotide in position - 1 to the nucleotide - 43 upstream of the 3 'end of intron 9, ie in position 1042-4044 relative to the sequence
- SEQ ID NO: 9 The partial nucleotide sequence of intron 9 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is represented in the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 38.
- the s-ml3i9 mutation consists of the substitution of a cytosine (C) by a thymine (T) in position -13 upstream of the 3 'end of intron 9, ie at position 1072 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 9.
- the partial nucleotide sequence of intron 9 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is represented in the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 9.
- the mutation s-126el2 consists in the substitution of a cytosine (C) in a thymine (T) in position 126 of exon 12, that is to say in position 765 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 10.
- Exon 12 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 40.
- the cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon 12 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 100.
- the s-m29il2 mutation consists of the substitution of an adenine (A) by a guanine (G) in position -29 upstream of the 3 'end of intron 12, i.e. at position 1337 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 10.
- the nucleotide sequence of intron 12 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is represented in the sequence SEQ ID NO:
- the s-24il3 mutation consists of the substitution of a thymine (T) by an adenine (A) at position 24 of the 5 'end of intron 13, i.e. at position 1566 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO : 10.
- the nucleotide sequence of intron 13 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is represented in the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO:
- the s-m59il3 mutation consists of the substitution of a cytosine (C) by a thymma (T) in position -59 upstream of the 3 'end of intron 13, ie at position 3270 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 10.
- the nucleotide sequence of intron 13 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the sequence SEQ ID NO: 43.
- the mutation s-148el4 consists of the substitution of a cytosine (C) by an adenine (A) in position 148 of exon 14, that is to say in position 3476 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 10.
- Exon 14 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 44.
- the cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon 14 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 101.
- the s-81il4 mutation consists of the substitution of a guanine (G) by an adenine (A) at position 81 of the 5 'end of intron 14, i.e. at position 3632 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO : 10.
- the nucleotide sequence of intron 14 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is represented in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 45.
- the mutation s-115il4 consists of the substitution of a cytosine (C) by an adenine (A) in position 115 of the 5 'end of intron 14, that is to say in position 3666 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO : 10.
- Intron 14 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 46.
- the mutation s-196el5 consists in the substitution of a guanine (G) by an adenine (A) in position 196 of exon 15, that is to say in position 5492 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 10.
- Exon 15 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 47.
- the cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon 15 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 102, and codes for a mutated ABCAl protein SEQ ID NO : 128 in which a valine (V) is substituted by a methionine (M) at position 771.
- the mutation s-136el6 consists in the substitution of a guanine (G) by an adenine (A) in position 136 of exon 16, that is to say in position 6714 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 10.
- Exon 16 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 48.
- the cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon 16 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 103, and codes for a mutated ABCAl protein of sequence SEQ ID NO: 129, which includes the substitution of a valine (V) for isoleucine (I) in position 825.
- the mutation s-27el7 consists of the substitution of a thymine (T) by a cytosine (C) at position 27 of exon 17, that is to say at position 7914 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 10.
- Exon 17 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 49.
- the cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon 17 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 104, and codes for a mutated ABCAl protein SEQ ID NO : 130 in which a tyrosine (Y) is substituted by a proline (P) at position 857.
- the mutation s-107el7 consists in the substitution of an adenine (A) by a guanine (G) in position 107 of exon 17, that is to say in position 7994 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 10.
- Exon 17 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 50.
- the cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon 17 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 105, and codes for a mutated ABCAl protein SEQ ID NO : 131 in which an isoleucine (I) is substituted by a methionine (M) at position 883. Mutations in the intron 17
- the s-60il7 mutation consists of the substitution of a thymine (T) by a cytosine (C) at position 60 of the 5 'end of intron 17, ie at position 8061 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO : 10.
- the partial nucleotide sequence of intron 17 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is represented in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 51.
- the s-m68il7 mutation consists of the substitution of a cytosine (C) by a guanine (G) in position -68 upstream of the 3 'end of intron 17, ie at position 319 relative to the sequence SEQ Tû NO: 11.
- the partial nucleotide sequence of intron 17 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is represented in the sequence SEQ ⁇ ) NO: 52.
- the mutation s-4el8 consists of the substitution of a guanine (G) by a thymine (T) in position 4 of exon 18, that is to say in position 390 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 11.
- Exon 18 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 53.
- the cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon 18 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 106, and codes for a mutated ABCAl protein SEQ ID NO : 132 in which a cysteine (C) is substituted by a phenylalanine (F) at position 887.
- the mutation s-40el9 consists of the substitution of a cytosine (C) by a thymine (T) in position 40 of exon 19, ie at position 943 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 12.
- Exon 19 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 54.
- the cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon 19 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 107.
- the s-18il9 mutation consists of the substitution of a guanine (G) by an adenine (A) at position 18 of the 5 'end of intron 19, i.e. at position 1053 relative to the sequence SEQ ED NO : 12.
- the partial nucleotide sequence of intron 19 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is represented in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 55.
- the mutation s-ml0il9 consists of the substitution of a cytosine (C) by a thymine (T) in position —10 upstream of the 3 ′ end of intron 19, ie at position 274 relative to the sequence SEQ . ⁇ D NO: 13.
- the partial nucleotide sequence of intron 19 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is represented in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 56.
- the mutation s-123e22 consists in the substitution of a cytosine (C) by a thymine (T) in position 123 of exon 22, that is to say in position 1592 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 13.
- Exon 22 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 57.
- the cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon 22 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 108, and codes for a mutated ABCAl protein SEQ ID NO : 133 in which a leucine (L) is substituted by a cysteine (C) in position 1122.
- the s-m65i22 mutation consists of the substitution of a guanine (G) by an adenine (A) in position -65 upstream from the 3 'end of intron 22, i.e. at position 2884- relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 13.
- the nucleotide sequence of the intron 22 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is represented in the sequence SEQ Tu NO: 58.
- the mutation s-54e23 consists of the substitution of a guanine (G) by a cytosine (C) in position 54 of exon 23, that is to say in position 3002 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 13.
- Exon 23 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 59.
- the cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon 23 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 109, and codes for a mutated ABCAl protein SEQ ID NO : 134 in which a glutamic acid (E) is substituted by an aspartic acid (D) in position 1172.
- the mutation s-149i23 consists of the substitution of a cytosine (C) by a thymine (T) at position 149 of the 5 'end of intron 23, that is to say at position 3170 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO : 13.
- the nucleotide sequence of intron 23 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is represented in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 60.
- the s-m50i23 mutation consists of the substitution of a cytosine (C) by a thymine (T) in position -50 upstream of the 3 'end of intron 23, ie at position 3958 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 13.
- the sequence of intron 23 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is represented in the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 61.
- the mutation s-98e24 consists of the substitution of an adenine (A) by a guanine (G) at position 98 of exon 24, that is to say at position 4105 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 13.
- Exon 24 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 62.
- the cDNA corresponding to the mutation in exon 24 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ Tu NO: 110 .
- the mutation s-149e24 consists in the substitution of a guanine (G) by an adenine (A) at position 149 of exon 24, that is to say at position 4156 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 13.
- Exon 24 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 63.
- the cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon 24 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 111.
- the mutation s-44e27 consists of the substitution of a guanine (G) by an adenine (A) in position 44 of exon 27, that is to say in position 604 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 14.
- Exon 27 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 64.
- the cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon 27 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 112.
- the s-7e30 mutation consists of the substitution of a guanine (G) by an adenine (A) at position 7 of exon 30, ie at position 6854 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 14.
- Exon 30 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 65.
- the cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon 30 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 113.
- the mutation s-166e30 consists in the substitution of a guanine (G) by a thymine (T) in position 166 of exon 30, that is to say in position 7013 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 14.
- the cDNA corresponding to the mutation in exon 30 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 114.
- the mutation s-30i31 consists of the substitution of a thymine (T) by a guanine (G) in position 30 of the 5 'end of intron 31, that is to say position 1307 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO : 15.
- the nucleotide sequence of intron 31 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is represented in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 67.
- the s-ml42i32 mutation consists of the substitution of a cytosine (C) by a ( thymine (T) in position -142 upstream from the 3 'end of intron 32, i.e. at position 3600 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 15.
- the nucleotide sequence of intron 32 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is represented in the sequence SEQ ID NO:
- the s-ml30i32 mutation consists of an insertion of two nucleotides in position -130 upstream of the 3 'end of intron 32, ie at position 3611 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 15.
- the nucleotide sequence of intron 32 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is represented in the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO:
- the s-m26i32 mutation consists of the substitution of a guanine (G) by a cytosine (C) in position —26 upstream of the 3 'end of intron 32, ie at position 3716 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 15.
- the nucleotide sequence of intron 32 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is represented in the nucleotide sequence
- the s-m74i33 mutation consists of the substitution of a thymine (T) by an adenine (A) in position —74 upstream of the 3 ′ end of intron 33, ie at position 5247 relative to the sequence SEQ TD NO: 15.
- the nucleotide sequence of intron 33 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is represented in the sequence SEQ ID NO:
- the mutation s-62e34 consists of the substitution of a guanine (G) by an adenine (A) in position 62 of exon 34, that is to say in position 5382 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 15.
- Exon 34 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 72.
- the cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon 34 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 115, and codes for a mutated ABCAl protein of SEQ ID NO: 135, in which an arginine (R) has been replaced by a lysine (K) at position 1587.
- the polymorphism s-62e34 according to the invention which results in the replacement of an arginine (R) by a lysine (K) in position 1587 of the protein ABCAl, constitutes a functional mutation which affects the levels of HDL cholesterol, d apolipoprotein AI and apolipoprotein A-II and predisposes to cardiovascular risk.
- the mutation s-77e36 consists of the substitution of a guanine (G) into an adenine (A) at position 77 of exon 36, that is to say at position 1064 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 16.
- Exon 36 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 73.
- the cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon 36 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ Tû NO: 116, and codes for a mutated ABCAl protein of SEQ ID NO 136, in which a valine (V) is substituted by an isoleucine (I) in position 1674.
- the s-55i36 mutation consists of the substitution of a thymine (T) by a cytosine (C) at position 55 of the 5 'end of intron 36, i.e. at position 1220 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO : 16.
- Intron 36 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the partial nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 74.
- the mutation s-64e38 consists in the substitution of a thymine (T) in a cytosine (C) in position 64 of exon 38, that is to say in position 835 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 17.
- the cDNA carrying the polymorphism in exon 38 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 117.
- the S-25H39 mutation consists of the substitution of a thymine (T) by a guanine (G) at position 251 of the 5 'end of intron 39, ie at position 375 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO : 18.
- the partial nucleotide sequence of intron 39 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is represented in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 76.
- the mutation s-252i39 consists in the substitution of a thymine (T) by a cytosine (C) in position 252 of the 5 'end of the intron 39, ie at position 376 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO : 18.
- the partial nucleotide sequence of intron 39 carrying this polyhismism is represented in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 77.
- the s-ml 19i40 mutation consists of the substitution of a cytosine (C) for a thymine (T) in position —119 upstream of the 3 'end of intron 40, that is to say in position 710 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 19.
- the nucleotide sequence of intron 40 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is represented in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 78.
- the s-m69i44 mutation consists of the substitution of a thymine (T) by a cytosine (C) in position -69 upstream from the 3 'end of intron 44, ie at position 108 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 20.
- the partial nucleotide sequence of intron 44 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is represented in the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 79. Mutation in exon 45
- the mutation s-114e45 consists of the substitution of a cytosine (C) by a thymine (T) at position 114 of exon 45, that is to say at position 290 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 20.
- Exon 45 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 80.
- the cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon 45 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 118.
- the mutation s-m34i45 consists of the substitution of a cytosine (C) by a thymine (T) in position —34 upstream from the 3 ′ end of intron 45, ie at position 343 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 21.
- the partial nucleotide sequence of intron 45 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is represented in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 21.
- the s-13i47 mutation consists of the substitution of an adenine (A) by a guanine (G) at position 13 of the 5 'end of intron 47, i.e. at position 1068 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO : 21.
- the partial nucleotide sequence of intron 47 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is represented in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 82.
- the mutation s-86i47 consists of the substitution of an adenine (A) by a cytosine (C) at position 86 of the 5 'end of intron 47, ie at position 1141 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO : 21.
- the partial nucleotide sequence of intron 47 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism is represented in the sequence SEQ ID NO: 83. Changes in exon 49
- the mutation s-377e49 consists of the substitution of a thymine (T) by a cytosine (C) at position 377 of exon 49, ie at position 571 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 22.
- Exon 49 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 84.
- the cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon 49 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 119.
- the mutation s-833e49 consists in the substitution of a cytosine (C) by a thymine (T) in position 833 of exon 49, that is to say in position 1027 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 22.
- Exon 49 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 85.
- the cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon 49 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 120.
- the mutation s-1580e49 consists in the substitution of a cytosine (C) by a thymine (T) in position 1580 of exon 49, that is to say in position 1773 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 22.
- Exon 49 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 86.
- the cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon 49 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 121.
- the mutation s-1791e49 consists in the substitution of an adenine (A) by a thymine (T) in position 1791 of exon 49, that is to say in position 1985 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 22.
- Exon 49 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 87.
- the cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon 49 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 122.
- the mutation s-2034e49 consists in the substitution of an adenine (A) by a guanine (G) in position 2034 of exon 49, that is to say in position 2228 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 22.
- the cDNA carrying the polymorphism in exon 49 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 123.
- the mutation s-2049e49 consists in the substitution of a cytosine (C) by a thymine (T) in position 2049 of exon 49, ie at position 2243 relative to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 22.
- Exon 49 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 89.
- the cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon 49 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 124.
- the mutation s-2449e49 consists in the substitution of an adenine (A) by a guanine (G) in position 2449 of exon 49, that is to say in position 2643 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 22.
- Exon 49 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 90.
- the cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon 49 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 125.
- the mutation s-2843e49 consists in the substitution of a guanine (G) by an adenine (A) in position 2843 of exon 49, that is to say in position 3037 with respect to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 22.
- Exon 49 carrying this polymo ⁇ hism has the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 91.
- the cDNA carrying the polymo ⁇ hism in exon 49 of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 126.
- polymo ⁇ hisms found within the coding regions which essentially correspond to substitutions of a single nucleotide located on the third base of the codons of the open reading frame of ABCAl, do not cause modifications as to the nature of the amino acid. coded, taking into account the rules of genetic degeneration in humans, well known to those skilled in the art. Polymohisms that do not alter the amino acid sequence may, however, have an important biological function, which may have an effect on the concentration of Circulating HDL, and therefore of apolipoprotein AI or A-IL Such polymo ⁇ hisms can for example affect the regulation of transcription or translation, for example by acting on the stability of mRNA, splicing, the rate of transcription, and the fidelity of the translation.
- polymo ⁇ hisms have been discovered in the promoter region upstream of the human ABCAl gene.
- the polymorphic positions are represented in FIG. 3 by nucleotides marked in bold (and underlined when it concerns the bases surrounding an insertion) on the sequence of the gene promoter
- Table 3 also presents the allelic polymo ⁇ isms in the promoter sequence of the human ABCAl gene according to the present invention. It indicates the name, the wild and mutant alleles, the polymorphic positions, and the frequency of appearance of allelic polymorphisms in two population groups, the Caucasian population and the Japanese population.
- Polymohism S-2389p consists of the substitution of a guanine (G) by an adenine (A) at position 505 of the first nucleotide of the sequence SEQ Tu NO:
- nucleic acid comprising the polymorphism S-2389p in the regulatory sequence of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 137.
- Sins-2176-2177p polymorphism consists of an insertion of the sequence
- the nucleic acid comprising the polymorphism Sins-2176-2177p in the regulatory sequence of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 138.
- Polymo ⁇ hisme S-1814p consists in the substitution of an adenine (A) by a guanine (G) in position 1080 of the first nucleotide of the sequence SEQ ID NO:
- nucleic acid comprising the polymorphism S-1814p in the regulatory sequence of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 139.
- Polymohism S-1801p consists in the substitution of a cytosine (C) by a thymine (T) in position 1093 of the first nucleotide of the sequence SEQ ID NO:
- nucleic acid comprising the polymoism S-1801p in the regulatory sequence of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 140.
- Polymohism S-1652p consists of the substitution of an adenine (A) by a guanine (G) at position 1242 of the first nucleotide of the sequence SEQ Tu NO: 23 or at position— 1652 with respect to the initiation site of the transcription +1.
- the acid nucleic acid comprising the polymorphism S-1652p in the regulatory sequence of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 141.
- Polymo ⁇ hisme S-1506p consists in the substitution of a guanine (G) by a cytosine (C) in position 1388 of the first nucleotide of the sequence SEQ ID NO: 23 or in position —1506 compared to the site of initiation of the transcription +1.
- the nucleic acid comprising the polymohism S-1506p in the regulatory sequence of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 142.
- Polymohism S-1395p consists in the substitution of a cytosine (C) by a thymine (T) in position 1499 of the first nucleotide of the sequence SEQ ID NO: 23 or in position —1395 relative to the initiation site of the transcription +1.
- the nucleic acid comprising the polymo ⁇ hism S-1395p in the regulatory sequence of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 143.
- Polymohism S-1252p consists in the substitution of a guanine (G) by an adenine (A) in position 1642 of the first nucleotide of the sequence SEQ ID NO: 23 or in position —1252 relative to the site of initiation of the transcription + 1.
- the nucleic acid comprising the polymb ⁇ hism S-1252p in the regulatory sequence of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 144.
- Polymohism S-1217p consists in the substitution of a cytosine (C) by a thymine (T) in position 1677 of the first nucleotide of the sequence SEQ ID NO: 23 or in position —1217 relative to the site of initiation of the transcription + 1.
- the nucleic acid comprising the polymorphism S-1217p in the regulatory sequence of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 145.
- Polymohism S-1099p consists in the substitution of a guanine (G) by a thymine (T) in position 1795 of the first nucleotide of the sequence SEQ JD NO: 23 or in position —1099 relative to the initiation site of the transcription +1.
- the nucleic acid comprising the polymorphism S-1099p in the regulatory sequence of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 146.
- the Sins-1034-1035p polymolism consists of an insertion of an adenine and a thymine (AT) at position 1859 of the first nucleotide of the sequence SEQ ID NO: 23 or at position —1034 relative to the initiation site of the transcription +1.
- the nucleic acid comprising the polymorphism Sins-1034-1035p in the regulatory sequence of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 147.
- Polymo ⁇ hisme S-940p consists in the substitution of a thymine (T) in a guanine (G) in position 1954 of the first nucleotide of the sequence SEQ ID NO: 23 or in position —940 compared to the site of initiation of the transcription +1.
- the nucleic acid comprising the polymorphism S-940p in the regulatory sequence of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 148.
- Polymohism S-803p consists in the substitution of a guanine (G) by an adenine (A) in position 2091 of the first nucleotide of the sequence SEQ ID NO: 23 or in position - 803 relative to the site of initiation of the transcription +1.
- the nucleic acid comprising the polymorphism S-803p in the regulatory sequence of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 149.
- the S ⁇ -777-774p polymolism consists of a deletion of a fragment of four nucleotides TTTG at position 2117 of the first nucleotide of the sequence SEQ ID NO: 23 or at position— 774 relative to the initiation site of transcription +1 .
- the nucleic acid comprising the S ⁇ -777-774p polymolism in the sequence regulator of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ TU NO: 150.
- Polymohism S ⁇ -773-765p consists of a deletion of a fragment of nine nucleotides TTTGTTTGT at position 2121 of the first nucleotide of the sequence SEQ ID NO: 23 or at position -765 relative to the initiation site of transcription +1 .
- the nucleic acid comprising the polymolism S ⁇ -773-765p in the regulatory sequence of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 151.
- Polymohism S-564p consists in the substitution of a cytosine (C) by a thymine (T) in position 2330 of the first nucleotide of the sequence SEQ ID NO:
- nucleic acid comprising the polymorphism S-564p in the regulatory sequence of the gene
- ABCAl is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 152.
- Polymohism S-407p consists of the substitution of a guanine (G) by a cytosine (C) at position 2487 of the first nucleotide of the sequence SEQ ID NO:
- nucleic acid comprising the polymorphism S-407p in the regulatory sequence of the gene
- ABCAl is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 153.
- Polymohism S-302p consists in the substitution of a cytosine (C) by a thymine (T) in position 2592 of the first nucleotide of the sequence SEQ ID NO:
- nucleic acid comprising the polymorphism S-302p in the regulatory sequence of the gene
- ABCAl is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 154.
- Polymohism S-278p consists of the substitution of a guanine (G) by a cytosine (C) at position 2616 of the first nucleotide of the sequence SEQ ID NO:
- nucleic acid comprising the polymorphism S-278p in the regulatory sequence of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 155.
- the S ⁇ -223-219p polymolism consists of a deletion of a fragment of five CACCC nucleotides at position 2671 of the first nucleotide of the sequence SEQ ID NO: 23 or at position -219 relative to the initiation site of transcription +1 .
- the nucleic acid comprising the polymolism S ⁇ -223-219p in the regulatory sequence of the ABCAl gene is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 156.
- Polymohism S-99p consists of the substitution of a guanine (G) by a cytosine (C) at position 2795 of the first nucleotide of the sequence SEQ ID NO:
- Nucleic acid comprising the polymorphism S-99p in the regulatory sequence of the gene
- ABCAl is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 157.
- Polymohism S-14p consists of the substitution of a cytosine (C) by a thymine (T) at position 2880 of the first nucleotide of the sequence SEQ ID NO:
- nucleic acid comprising the polymorphism S-14p in the regulatory sequence of the gene
- ABCAl is represented by the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 158.
- the invention also relates to the nucleotide sequences of the ABCAl gene comprising at least one biallelic polymorphism as described above.
- the subject of the invention is a nucleic acid comprising a polynucleotide chosen from the group consisting of the nucleotide sequences SEQ ID NO: 24-126 and 137-158 or a nucleic acid of complementary sequence.
- the invention also relates to a nucleic acid hybridizing, under conditions of high stringency, with a polynucleotide chosen from the group consisting of the nucleotide sequences SEQ JD NO: 24-126 and 137-158 or a nucleic acid of complementary sequence.
- the invention also relates to a nucleic acid having at least 9 consecutive nucleotides of a polynucleotide chosen from the group consisting of the nucleotide sequences SEQ ID NO 24-126 and 137-158, and comprising the polymorphic base or a nucleic acid of sequence complementary.
- the invention also relates to a nucleic acid having at least 21 consecutive nucleotides of a polynucleotide chosen from the group consisting of the nucleotide sequences SEQ ID NO 24-126 and 137-158, and comprising the polymorphic base or a nucleic acid of sequence complementary.
- the subject of the invention is also a nucleic acid having at least 21 consecutive nucleotides of a polynucleotide chosen from the group consisting of the nucleotide sequences SEQ ID NO: 24-126 and 137-158, the polymorphic base being located at the center of the nucleotide fragment of 21 bases.
- the invention further relates to a nucleic acid derived from a polynucleotide chosen from the group consisting of the nucleotide sequences SEQ ID NO: 24-126 and 137-158 comprising the polymorphic sequence, and at least two nucleotides located on either side of the polymorphic position or a nucleic acid of complementary sequence.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a nucleic acid coding for a polypeptide chosen from the group consisting of amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO: 127-136.
- the invention also relates to a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence chosen from the group consisting of sequences SEQ ID NO: 127-136.
- the antico ⁇ s directed against an ABCAl polymo ⁇ he polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence chosen from the group consisting of sequences SEQ ID NO: 127-136, or a peptide fragment of the latter.
- the antico ⁇ s according to the present invention comprises a detectable compound.
- the subject of the invention is also a nucleic acid containing a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide or a nucleic acid of interest linked in a functional manner to a "polynucleotide chosen from the group consisting of nucleotide sequences SEQ ID NO: 137-158.
- the subject of the present invention is a recombinant cloning and / or expression vector which carries a nucleic acid comprising a polynucleotide chosen from the group consisting of the nucleotide sequences SEQ JD NO: 24-126 and 137-158, and at least one of the polymo ⁇ hisms as previously described. It also relates to a host cell transformed with a nucleic acid comprising a polynucleotide chosen from the group consisting of the nucleotide sequences SEQ ID NO: 24-126 and 137-158, and at least one of the polymo ⁇ hisms as previously described or by the recombinant vector described above.
- the subject of the invention is probes or nucleotide primers capable of hybridizing to nucleic acids of sequences SEQ ID NO: 24-126 and 137-158 and comprising at least one polymorphic position or to nucleic acids of complementary sequence.
- the nucleotide probes and primers comprise a polynucleotide of nucleotide sequence chosen from the group consisting of sequences SEQ ID NO: 24-126 and 137-158, or of a complementary sequence, containing one of the polymorphic bases according to the invention.
- a nucleotide probe according to the invention has a length of 15, 16, 19 to 25, 35, 40, 50, 70, 80, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 1500 consecutive nucleotides of a polynucleotide of nucleotide sequence chosen from the group consisting of sequences SEQ ID NO 24-126 and 137-158, and comprising at least one polymorphic base, or of a nucleic acid of complementary sequence.
- the nucleotide probes consist of a nucleic acid comprising at least 21 consecutive nucleotides of a polynucleotide chosen from the group consisting of nucleotide sequences
- the polymorphic base is located in the center of the nucleotide fragment of 21 bases.
- a nucleotide primer according to the invention has a length of 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 to 40 consecutive nucleotides of a polynucleotide of nucleotide sequence chosen from the group consisting of sequences SEQ ID NO 24-126 and 137-158, and comprising at least one polymorphic base, or of a nucleic acid of complementary sequence.
- the base of the 3 ′ end of these primers is complementary to a nucleotide located at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or more nucleotides on the 3 ′ side of the position of the polymorphism according to the invention, present in one of the sequences SEQ Tû NO 24-126 and 137-158 and / or their complementary sequences .
- a probe and of a nucleotide primer according to the invention therefore includes oligonucleotides which hybridize, under the conditions of high stringency hybridization defined above, with a nucleic acid chosen from the sequences
- SEQ ID NO: 24-126 and 137-158 comprising at least one of the polymo ⁇ hisms defined above, or with a sequence complementary to the latter.
- primers and primer pairs for amplifying different regions of the ABCAl gene are shown below.
- a primer or a nucleotide probe according to the invention can be prepared by any suitable method well known to those skilled in the art, including by cloning and action of restriction enzymes or also by direct chemical synthesis according to techniques such as the method to the phosphodiester of Narang et al. (Methods Enzymol (1979) 68, 90-98) or Brown et al. (Methods Enzymol (1979) 68, 109-151), the diethylphosphoramidite method of Beaucage et al. (Tetrahedron Lett. (1981) 22, 1859-1862), or the solid support technique described in US Patent No. EP 0 707 592.
- suitable nucleotide primers are, for example, primers whose base at the 3 ′ end hybridizes with the base located immediately on the 3 ′ side of the polymorphic base of the fragment comprising the polymorphism.
- an elongation step with a mixture of two dideoxynucleotides complementary to the polymorphic base of said polymorphism, for example labeled with two distinct fluorophores then a step of detecting the fluorescence signal obtained makes it possible to determine which of the two differently labeled fluorescent dideoxynucleotides has been inco ⁇ orated, and to deduce the nature of the polymorphic base.
- Each of the nucleic acids according to the invention can be labeled, if desired, by incorporating a label detectable by spectroscopic, photochemical, biochemical, immunochemical or even chemical means.
- markers can consist of radioactive isotopes (32P, 33P, 3H, 35S), fluorescent molecules (5-bromodeoxyuridine, fluorescein, acetylaminofluorene, digoxigenin) or also ligands such as biotin.
- radioactive isotopes 32P, 33P, 3H, 35S
- fluorescent molecules 5-bromodeoxyuridine, fluorescein, acetylaminofluorene, digoxigenin
- ligands such as biotin.
- the labeling of the probes is preferably carried out by inco ⁇ oration of molecules marked within the polynucleotides by extension of primers, or else by addition on the 5 ′ or 3 ′ ends.
- amplified fragments of genomic DNA capable of containing polymo ⁇ hisms are incubated with a primer marked with fluorescein at the 5 ′ end, in the presence of fluorescent dideoxynucleotide triphosphate and of a modified Taq polymerase.
- the labeled primer is extended by one base by inco ⁇ oration of the labeled dideoxynucleotide specific for the allele present in the complementary genomic DNA sequence.
- the fluorescence intensities for the two marker compounds of the labeled dideoxynucleotides are analyzed directly without separation or purification.
- the ratio for these two fluorescences makes it possible to determine the nucleotide used by the polymerase during the elongation, and to deduce the nature of the polymorphic base. All of these steps can be carried out in the same tube and the modifications of fluorescence followed in real time.
- the extension primer can be analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The base located in the polymorphic position is identified by measuring the mass added to the microsequencing primer. (Haff et al., Gen Res, 7 (1997) 378-388).
- the probes according to the invention allow an amplification of the signal, such as the probes described by Urdea et al. (Nucl. Acid. SympSer. (1991) 24, 197-200) or also in European patent n ° EP-0 225 807 (CHIRON).
- the oligonucleotide probes according to the invention can be used in particular in hybridizations of the Southern type with genomic DNA or Northern with RNA.
- the structural characteristics making it possible to differentiate the normal sequences from the mutated sequences of ABCAl are thus used in order to provide means for detecting the mutated sequences of ABCAl in a sample, in particular in the form probes specifically hybridizing with the mutated sequences of ABCAl or alternatively primer pairs making it possible to selectively amplify the regions of the ABCAl gene carrying the polymo ⁇ hisms described above.
- the detection of the presence of these mutations can in particular be carried out by discriminating the length of the amplified nucleic acid fragments, by hybridization of the amplified fragments using the specific probes described above or also by direct sequencing of these amplified fragments .
- nucleotide primers can for example be immobilized on a support.
- immobilize on a support for example in an orderly manner, multiple specific primers as described above, each of these primers being suitable for the detection of one of the polymo ⁇ hisms of the ABCAl gene according to l 'invention.
- the polymo ⁇ hisms of the ABCAl gene according to the invention are useful in particular as genetic markers in studies of association between the presence of a given allele in a subject and the predisposition of this subject to a pathology given and / or a response given to a therapeutic molecule within the framework of pharmacogenetic studies.
- the present invention therefore relates to genetic markers comprising all or part of a nucleic acid chosen from the group consisting of nucleotide sequences SEQ ID NO: 24-126 and 137-158 or a nucleic acid of complementary sequence, and comprising one of the polymo ⁇ hisms according to the invention.
- the genetic markers of the invention are advantageously used for studies of association of a given allele of polymo ⁇ hisms according to the invention, with the levels of HDL cholesterol, of apolipoprotein AI and of apolipoprotein A-DD in plasma in patients .
- the genetic markers are used for studies of association of polymo ⁇ hisms s-35ela, s-16elb, s-76elb, s-53e5, s-108e6, s- 113e6, s-123e8, s-153e8, s- 126el2, s-148el4, s-196el5, s-136el6, s27el7, sl07el7, s-4el8, s-40el9, s-123e22, s-54e23, s-98e24, s-149e24, s-44e27, s-7e30, s-166e30, s- 62e34, s-77e36, s-64e38, s-114e45, s-377e49, s-833e49, s-1580e49, s-1791e49, s- 2034e49, s-2049e49, s-2449
- the genetic markers are used for the association studies of polymo ⁇ hisms s-113e6, s-196el5, s-136el6, s27el7, sl07el7, s-4el8, s-123e22, s-54e23, s-62e34 , and s-77e36 with plasma HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein AI and apolipoprotein A-Il levels in patients.
- the present invention relates to genetic markers comprising all or part of a nucleic acid chosen from the group consisting of nucleotide sequences SEQ ID NO: 24-126 and 137-158 or a nucleic acid of complementary sequence, for studies of association of polymo ⁇ hisms such as described above with a cardiovascular risk in patients and more particularly a risk of myocardial infarction.
- the biallelic polymo ⁇ hisms according to the invention are useful in any one of the methods described in the state of the art intended to demonstrate a statistically significant correlation between a genotype and a phenotype.
- Biallelic polymo ⁇ hisms can be used in linkage analysis and in allele sharing processes.
- the biallelic polymo ⁇ hisms according to the invention are used to identify genes associated with detectable characters (phenotypes) using association studies, an approach which does not require recourse to families affected by the character, and which also allows the identification of genes associated with complex and sporadic characters.
- biallelic polymo ⁇ hisms are for example those described by Forsell et al. (Biol Psychiatry 42 (1997) 898-903) Xiong et al. (Ann J Hum Genêt 64 (1999) 629-640), Horvath et al. (Am J Hum Genêt 63 (1998) 1886-1897), Sha et al. (Ann Hum Genêt 59 (1995) 323-336) or Nickerson et al. (Genomics, 12 (1992) 377-387).
- biallelic polymo ⁇ hisms are used to identify genes associated with a phenotype.
- the present invention relates to a method of detecting one of the polymo ⁇ hisms described above in the nucleotide sequence of the ABCAl gene of a subject.
- the method according to the invention consists in determining the nucleotide sequence of all or part of the ABCAl gene in said subject at one of the polymorphic positions of the invention, and identifying the presence or absence of the SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) at the position analyzed.
- the detection method according to the invention consists in determining the presence of a G or of an A at the polymorphic position 113 of exon 6, the presence of a G or of an A at the position polymo ⁇ he 196 of exon 15, the presence of a G or A at the position polymo ⁇ he 136 of exon 16, the presence of an A or a G at the position polymo ⁇ he 107 of exon 17 , the presence of a T or a C at the polymo ⁇ he position 27 of exon 17, the presence of a G or a T at the polymo ⁇ he position 4 of exon 18, the presence of a C or a T at the polymorphic position 123 of exon 22, the presence of a G or a C at the polymorphic position 54 of exon 23, the presence of a C or a T at the polymo ⁇ he position 62 of exon 34, the presence of a G or an A at the polymo ⁇ he position 77 of exon 36.
- the detection method according to the present invention consists in determining the nucleotide sequence of the ABCAl gene at position 62 of exon 34 and the SNP corresponding to the presence of a C or of a T.
- the presence of at least one of the SNPs described above is identified by sequencing all or part of the subject's ABCAl gene at the polymorphic positions.
- Amplification and sequencing primers can be constructed in order to hybridize with a determined region of a sequence chosen from the sequence group consisting of the sequences SEQ ID NO: 24-126 and SEQ ID NO: 137-158, or of complementary sequence, and comprising at least one polymorphic position.
- Such sequencing primers are preferably constructed so as to amplify fragments of approximately 250 to approximately 500 nucleotides, comprising at least one of the polymorphic positions according to the invention.
- the amplified fragments are then sequenced and the sequence obtained is compared with the reference sequences SEQ JD NO: 24-91 and 137 to 158 in order to determine whether one or more deletions, additions or substitutions of nucleotides are found in the amplified sequence from the DNA contained in the biological sample from the test subject.
- the method of the invention allows the amplification of a nucleic acid containing at least one of the polymo ⁇ hisms of the invention, and comprising the steps consisting in:
- the invention therefore relates, according to this first embodiment, to a method for detecting one of the polymo ⁇ hisms according to the invention in the ABCAl gene in a subject, comprising the following steps:
- the method for detecting the presence of a polymorphism of the ABCAl gene in a subject also comprises the steps consisting in: a) sequencing, from a biological material originating from the subject to be tested, all or part of the ABCAl gene, using a nucleotide primer hybridizing with the sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 24-91 or the sequences SEQ ID NO: 137-158; b) align the nucleotide sequence obtained in a) with a sequence chosen from the group consisting of sequences SEQ ID No. 1 and 3-23;
- c) determine the nucleotide differences between the polynucleotide sequence originating from the biological material of the test subject and the reference sequences SEQ ID NO: 1 and 3-23.
- it uses the ' oligonucleotide probes as described above, which are capable of specifically hybridizing with a corresponding region of one of the sequences SEQ ID NO: 24-91 or with a corresponding region of one of the sequences SEQ ID N ° 137-158, and comprising at least one of the polymo ⁇ hes bases according to the invention as described above, with a view to detecting the presence of one or more of the polymo ⁇ hisms according to the invention in a sample from a subject.
- the nucleotide probes consist of a nucleic acid comprising at least 21 consecutive nucleotides of a polynucleotide chosen from the group consisting of the nucleotide sequences SEQ ID NO: 24-126 and
- the polymorphic base being located in the center of the nucleotide fragment of
- nucleotide probes according to this embodiment of the invention are immobilized on a solid support.
- solid supports are well known to those skilled in the art and comprise the surfaces of the wells of microtiter plates covered with polystyrene beds, magnetic beds, nitrocellulose strips, or even microparticles such as latex particles.
- the present invention also relates to a method for detecting the presence of a nucleic acid as described above in a sample, said method comprising the steps consisting in:
- the oligonucleotide probe (s) are immobilized on a support, and even more preferably, the oligonucleotide probes comprise a detectable marker.
- the methods of detecting polymo ⁇ hisms described above are used to diagnose in a subject a predisposition to develop a certain pathology, after an association study, or to predict the pharmacological response of a patient to a given molecule, after a pharmacogenetic study.
- the methods make it possible to diagnose in a subject who has been detected as carrying a given allele of at least one of the polymo ⁇ hisms according to the invention, a pathological risk linked to a deficiency of the transporter ABCAl, or a zero or undesirable response to a given therapeutic molecule.
- the methods according to the invention are particularly useful for diagnosing the predisposition of an individual to present a coronary or cardiovascular risk, such as a risk of myocardial infarction, or atherosclerosis.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to determine whether a subject presents a risk for the development of a pathology linked to a deficit in the metabolism of cholesterol, in particular in the reverse transport of cholesterol, a risk of development of a familial HDL deficiency such as Tangier's disease or more generally of a cardiovascular disease or a coronary disease, such as a risk of myocardial infarction or atherosclerosis.
- a familial HDL deficiency such as Tangier's disease or more generally of a cardiovascular disease or a coronary disease, such as a risk of myocardial infarction or atherosclerosis.
- Such methods include the detection, in cells of a biological sample originating from the test subject, of the presence or absence of a given allele of one of the polymo ⁇ hisms according to the invention as described in table 2 , in the sequence of the human ABCAl gene of sequence SEQ JD NO: 3-22.
- the methods according to the invention also make it possible to detect in cells of a biological sample originating from the subject to be tested, the presence or absence of a given allele of one of the polymo ⁇ hisms according to the invention as described in the table 3, in the regulatory sequence SEQ ID NO: 23 upstream of the ABCAl gene characterized by an alteration in the expression of a gene whose expression is regulated by the ABCAl promoter.
- the subject of the present invention is the method for diagnosing a pathology linked to a deficiency of the ABCAl transporter which consists in detecting in a subject, the presence of a given allele of one of the polymo ⁇ hisms of the invention according to one of the methods of detection described above.
- the method of the invention makes it possible to diagnose the predisposition of a subject to develop a cardiovascular disease such as a myocardial infarction.
- the present invention relates to a method and a kit for diagnosing a risk of myocardial infarction or a risk of cardiovascular disease in a subject, consisting in detecting in said subject, the presence of a nucleic acid comprising a polynucleotide of sequence SEQ ID NO: 72 or 115, and comprising a polymorphic base A in position 62 of exon 34, that is to say in position 5382 with respect to the sequence SEQ JD NO: 15.
- the subject of the present invention is the method of diagnosing a pharmacological response linked to a variation of the ABCAl transporter or of its regulation which consists in detecting in a subject, the presence of a given allele of at least one of the polymo ⁇ hisms of l invention according to one of the detection methods described above.
- such SNP polymorphisms can be detected in order to determine the existence of a substitution of a nucleotide in the sequence of a nucleic acid corresponding to the ABCAl gene of sequence SEQ ID NO: 3-22 and / or in the regulatory sequence upstream of the ABCAl gene of sequence SEQ ID NO: 23, of the addition of one or more nucleotides or of the deletion of one or more nucleotides in said sequences SEQ ID N ° 3-22 or SEQ ID N ° 23.
- the present invention further relates to the use of oligonucleotide probes specifically hybridizing with a corresponding region of one of the sequences SEQ ID NO: 24-126 or with a corresponding region of one of the sequences SEQ ID N ° 137-158, comprising at least one of the polymorphic bases according to the invention as described above, with a view to diagnosing in a subject a predisposition to the development of a pathology linked to a deficiency in the reverse transport of cholesterol, such as myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis or even Tangier's disease, or more generally a cardiovascular disease, or to predict the pharmacological response of a subject to a given therapeutic molecule.
- oligonucleotide probes specifically hybridizing with a corresponding region of one of the sequences SEQ ID NO: 24-126 or with a corresponding region of one of the sequences SEQ ID N ° 137-158, comprising at least one of the polymorphic bases according to the invention as described above, with
- the diagnostic methods according to the present invention can advantageously be used in order to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic products in the treatment of conditions linked to a deficiency of the ABCAl transporter.
- the subjects carrying an allelic polymo ⁇ hism of the ABCAl gene can present for example differences in concentration of the various lipid variables which are commonly measured such as the levels of HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoproteins AI and A-Il, lipoprotein particles AI and A-JJ, or even differences in the regulation of protein biosynthesis.
- the differences observed due to the presence of an allelic variant in a subject can be modified when a particular therapeutic agent is administered to said subject.
- the methods according to the present invention can therefore be useful for determining the clinical effect of a therapeutic substance and determining the therapeutic doses to be administered.
- the subject of the present invention is a kit or kit for the detection of the presence of one of the polymo ⁇ hisms as previously described, in the ABCAl gene in a subject, said kit comprising:
- the subject of the invention is also a kit or kit for the detection of one of the polymo ⁇ hisms of the present invention in the ABCAl gene, in a subject, comprising:
- oligonucleotide probes as defined above; b) where appropriate, the reagents necessary for carrying out a hybridization reaction.
- nucleic acid fragments derived from any of the nucleotide sequences SEQ ID NO 24-126 comprising one of the polymo ⁇ hisms of the invention are therefore useful for the detection of the presence of at least one polymo ⁇ he allele of the ABCAl gene in a sample.
- the probes according to the invention can also be used for the detection of PCR amplification products or even for the detection of mismatches.
- the detection kit or kit is characterized in that the probe or probes are immobilized on a support.
- the detection kit or kit is characterized in that the oligonucleotide probes comprise a detectable marker.
- such a kit will comprise a plurality of oligonucleotide probes in accordance with the invention which can be used to detect target sequences of interest or alternatively to detect mutations in the coding regions or the non-coding regions of the nucleic acids according to the invention, more particularly nucleic acids of sequences SEQ ID NO 1, and 3-23 or the nucleic acids of complementary sequence.
- the probes according to the invention immobilized on a support can be ordered in matrices such as "DNA chips".
- matrices such as "DNA chips”.
- nucleotide primers according to the invention can be used to amplify any of the nucleic acids according to the invention, and more particularly all or part of a nucleic acid of sequences SEQ ID NO 24-126 and 137-158.
- the subject of the invention is also a kit or kit for the amplification of a nucleic acid according to the invention, and more particularly all or part of a nucleic acid of sequences SEQ ID NO 1, and 3-23 said kit or kit comprising a) a pair of nucleotide primers in accordance with the invention, the hybridization position of which is located respectively on the 5 ′ side and on the 3 ′ side of the target nucleic acid whose amplification is sought; b) where appropriate, the reagents necessary for the amplification reaction.
- Such an amplification kit or kit will advantageously comprise at least one pair of nucleotide primers as described above.
- the invention also relates to a method for detecting the presence of an ABCAl polymo ⁇ he protein in a sample, comprising the steps of a) contacting the sample with an antico ⁇ s as previously described; and b) detection of the antigen / antico ⁇ s complex formed.
- the present invention also relates to a diagnostic kit for the detection of the presence of an ABCAl polymo ⁇ he polypeptide in a sample, said kit comprising a) an antico ⁇ s as previously described; and b) a reagent allowing the detection of the antigen / antico ⁇ s complexes formed.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the sequence SEQ JD NO: 1 corresponding to the nucleotide sequence of the transcript of the human gene ABCAl;
- FIG. 2 illustrates the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 2 corresponding to the peptide sequence of the transporter protein ABCAl;
- FIG. 3 illustrates the regulatory sequence SEQ ID NO: 23 upstream of the human gene ABCAl; the position of the different polymo ⁇ hisms is indicated in bold.
- the detection of polymo ⁇ isms in the sequences of the transcripts or in the genomic sequences of the ABCAl gene can be carried out according to different protocols.
- the method of choice is direct sequencing.
- the technique of detection of polymo ⁇ isms by direct sequencing consists in comparing the genomic sequences of the ABCAl gene obtained from at least 32 individuals from each population tested, Caucasian, African and Japanese. Sequence divergences constitute polymo ⁇ hisms. All those modifying the amino acid sequence of the wild-type protein are mutations capable of affecting the function of said protein which it is interesting to consider more particularly in the case / control association studies described in Example 2. Des primers for the amplification of the DNA of individuals were designed from the non-repetitive sequences of the intronic DNA of the ABC1 gene, so that an amplification of the intron-exon junctions as well as essential bases for the formation of the secondary structure during the RNA splicing step is included in the amplified fragments.
- the genomic DNA of the individuals was amplified using the primers described above using the Qiagen's Star Taq® kit (Qiagen, Nalencia, CA) or the Supertaq® kit (Ambion, Austin, TX) using the hybridization conditions and amplification cycle conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
- the amplified PCR products were purified using a kit sold by the company Qiagen, then sequenced by the Big Dye Terminator method on an ABI 3700 sequencer (Apllied Biosystems, Foster City, CA).
- ECTIM Myocardial Infarction Case-Control Study
- exonic polymo ⁇ hisms such as for example s-16elb, s-113e6, s-135e8, s-148el4, s-136el6, s- ' 101el7, s-54e23, s -7e30, s-62e34, s-833e49 and s-2034e49, with plasma HDL cholesterol, ApoA.-I and ApoA- ⁇ levels in controls and patients.
- the genomic DNA of the individuals was amplified using the primers described above making it possible to specifically amplify the exon of interest and the corresponding intron-exon junctions using for example the kit Qiagen's Star Taq® (Qiagen, Nalencia, CA) or the Supertaq® kit (Ambion, Austin, TX) under the hybridization conditions and the amplification cycle conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
- mini-sequencing reactions were carried out for each of the polymo ⁇ hisms selected.
- the genotype of each of the controls and of the patients could thus be determined for each of the polymo ⁇ hisms.
- These data were analyzed with SAS software.
- the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested by a ⁇ 2 test with 1 df. Genotypic and allelic frequencies were compared between groups by ⁇ 2 tests. The different phenotypic parameters were compared between the genotypes by analysis of variance A ⁇ ONA.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002427436A CA2427436A1 (fr) | 2000-10-31 | 2001-10-12 | Sequences polymorphes du gene humain abca1, leurs utilisations, les methodes et kits de detection. |
EP01978530A EP1356102A2 (fr) | 2000-10-31 | 2001-10-12 | Sequences polymorphes du gene humain abca1, leurs utilisations, les methodes et kits de detection. |
AU2002210636A AU2002210636A1 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2001-10-12 | Polymorphic sequences of the human ABCA1 gene, their uses, detection methods and kits |
JP2002539516A JP2004525611A (ja) | 2000-10-31 | 2001-10-12 | 多型ヒトabca1遺伝子の配列、それらの使用、検出方法およびキット |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0014037A FR2815970A1 (fr) | 2000-10-31 | 2000-10-31 | Sequences polymorphes du gene humain abca1, leurs utilisations, les methodes et kits de detection |
FR0014037 | 2000-10-31 | ||
US25410800P | 2000-12-11 | 2000-12-11 | |
US60/254,108 | 2000-12-11 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002036770A2 true WO2002036770A2 (fr) | 2002-05-10 |
WO2002036770A3 WO2002036770A3 (fr) | 2003-09-04 |
Family
ID=26212711
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2001/003182 WO2002036770A2 (fr) | 2000-10-31 | 2001-10-12 | Sequences polymorphes du gene humain abca1, leurs utilisations, les methodes et kits de detection |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20030056234A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1356102A2 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2004525611A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2002210636A1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2427436A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2002036770A2 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002097123A2 (fr) * | 2001-05-25 | 2002-12-05 | Xenon Genetics, Inc. | Procedes de diagnostic de maladies cardio-vasculaires, faibles niveaux de cholesterol ldl, et niveaux eleves de triglyceride |
JP2009523006A (ja) * | 2004-05-07 | 2009-06-18 | アプレラ コーポレイション | 脈管疾患に関連する遺伝的多型、その検出方法および使用 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000055318A2 (fr) * | 1999-03-15 | 2000-09-21 | University Of British Columbia | Methodes et reactifs permettant de moduler les taux de cholesterol |
WO2000078970A1 (fr) * | 1999-06-17 | 2000-12-28 | Aventis Pharma S.A. | Acides nucleiques et proteines correspondant au gene abc1 humain |
WO2001030848A2 (fr) * | 1999-10-26 | 2001-05-03 | Aventis Pharma S.A. | Acides nucleiques du gene humain abc1 et leurs utilisations therapeutiques et diagnostiques |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6391589B1 (en) * | 1994-08-23 | 2002-05-21 | Human Genome Sciences, Inc. | Human chemokine beta-10 mutant polypeptides |
-
2001
- 2001-10-12 AU AU2002210636A patent/AU2002210636A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-10-12 CA CA002427436A patent/CA2427436A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2001-10-12 EP EP01978530A patent/EP1356102A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-10-12 JP JP2002539516A patent/JP2004525611A/ja active Pending
- 2001-10-12 WO PCT/FR2001/003182 patent/WO2002036770A2/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-10-31 US US09/984,827 patent/US20030056234A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000055318A2 (fr) * | 1999-03-15 | 2000-09-21 | University Of British Columbia | Methodes et reactifs permettant de moduler les taux de cholesterol |
WO2000078970A1 (fr) * | 1999-06-17 | 2000-12-28 | Aventis Pharma S.A. | Acides nucleiques et proteines correspondant au gene abc1 humain |
WO2001030848A2 (fr) * | 1999-10-26 | 2001-05-03 | Aventis Pharma S.A. | Acides nucleiques du gene humain abc1 et leurs utilisations therapeutiques et diagnostiques |
Non-Patent Citations (11)
Title |
---|
BODZIOCH M ET AL: "THE GENE ENCODING ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER 1 IS MUTATED IN TANGIER DISEASE" NATURE GENETICS, NEW YORK, NY, US, vol. 22, no. 4, août 1999 (1999-08), pages 347-351, XP000889766 ISSN: 1061-4036 * |
BROOKS-WILSON A ET AL: "MUTATIONS IN ABC1 IN TANGIER DISEASE AND FAMILIAL HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN DEFICIENCY" NATURE GENETICS, NEW YORK, NY, US, vol. 22, no. 4, août 1999 (1999-08), pages 336-345, XP000889767 ISSN: 1061-4036 * |
LAWN R M ET AL: "THE TANGIER DISEASE GENE PRODUCT ABC1 CONTROLS THE CELLULAR APOLIPOPROTEIN-MEDIATED LIPID REMOVAL PATHWAY" JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, NEW YORK, NY, US, vol. 104, no. 8, octobre 1999 (1999-10), pages R25-R31, XP000884782 ISSN: 0021-9738 * |
MARCIL M ET AL: "MUTATIONS IN THE ABC1 GENE IN FAMILIAL HDL DEFICIENCY WITH DEFECTIVE CHOLESTEROL EFFLUX" LANCET THE, LANCET LIMITED. LONDON, GB, vol. 354, no. 9187, 16 octobre 1999 (1999-10-16), pages 1341-1346, XP000877242 ISSN: 0140-6736 * |
MOTT STEPHANIE ET AL: "Decreased cellular cholesterol efflux is a common cause of familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia: Role of the ABCA1 gene mutations." ATHEROSCLEROSIS, vol. 152, no. 2, octobre 2000 (2000-10), pages 457-468, XP001016219 ISSN: 0021-9150 * |
ORSO E ET AL: "TRANSPORT OF LIPIDS FROM GOLGI TO PLASMA MEMBRANE IS DEFECTIVE IN TANGIER DISEASE PATIENTS AND ABC1-DEFICIENT MICE" NATURE GENETICS, NEW YORK, NY, US, vol. 24, no. 2, février 2000 (2000-02), pages 192-196, XP000889762 ISSN: 1061-4036 * |
PULLINGER CLIVE R ET AL: "Analysis of hABC1 gene 5' end: Additional peptide sequence, promoter region, and four polymorphisms." BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 271, no. 2, 10 mai 2000 (2000-05-10), pages 451-455, XP002176956 ISSN: 0006-291X * |
REMALEY A T ET AL: "HUMAN ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER 1 (ABC1): GENOMIC ORGANIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE GENETIC DEFECT IN THE ORIGINAL TANGIER DISEASE KINDRED" PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF USA, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. WASHINGTON, US, vol. 96, no. 22, 26 octobre 1999 (1999-10-26), pages 12685-12690, XP000877247 ISSN: 0027-8424 * |
RUST S ET AL: "TANGIER DISEASE IS CAUSED BY MUTATIONS IN THE GENE ENCODING ATP--BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER 1" NATURE GENETICS, NEW YORK, NY, US, vol. 22, no. 4, août 1999 (1999-08), pages 352-355, XP000884993 ISSN: 1061-4036 * |
SANTAMARINA-FOJO SILVIA ET AL: "Complete genomic sequence of the human ABCA1 gene: Analysis of the human and mouse ATP-binding cassette A promoter." PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES, vol. 97, no. 14, 5 juillet 2000 (2000-07-05), pages 7987-7992, XP002176957 July 5, 2000 ISSN: 0027-8424 * |
WANG JIAN ET AL: "Common and rare ABCA1 variants affecting plasma HDL cholesterol." ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY, vol. 20, no. 8, août 2000 (2000-08), pages 1983-1989, XP002176955 ISSN: 1079-5642 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002097123A2 (fr) * | 2001-05-25 | 2002-12-05 | Xenon Genetics, Inc. | Procedes de diagnostic de maladies cardio-vasculaires, faibles niveaux de cholesterol ldl, et niveaux eleves de triglyceride |
WO2002097123A3 (fr) * | 2001-05-25 | 2003-08-21 | Xenon Genetics Inc | Procedes de diagnostic de maladies cardio-vasculaires, faibles niveaux de cholesterol ldl, et niveaux eleves de triglyceride |
JP2009523006A (ja) * | 2004-05-07 | 2009-06-18 | アプレラ コーポレイション | 脈管疾患に関連する遺伝的多型、その検出方法および使用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20030056234A1 (en) | 2003-03-20 |
WO2002036770A3 (fr) | 2003-09-04 |
EP1356102A2 (fr) | 2003-10-29 |
AU2002210636A1 (en) | 2002-05-15 |
JP2004525611A (ja) | 2004-08-26 |
CA2427436A1 (fr) | 2002-05-10 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Hobbs et al. | Molecular genetics of the LDL receptor gene in familial hypercholesterolemia | |
Leblond et al. | Dissection of genetic factors associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | |
Miserez et al. | High prevalence of familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 in Switzerland. | |
Le Saux et al. | Mutations in a gene encoding an ABC transporter cause pseudoxanthoma elasticum | |
Dasgupta et al. | Identification of connexin43 (α1) gap junction gene mutations in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) | |
EP1307593B1 (fr) | Depistage d'un nouveau syndrome hepatique et ses applications | |
Pras et al. | Mutations in the SLC3A1 transporter gene in cystinuria | |
Kuivenhoven et al. | An intronic mutation in a lariat branchpoint sequence is a direct cause of an inherited human disorder (fish-eye disease). | |
Ferlini et al. | A novel Alu-like element rearranged in the dystrophin gene causes a splicing mutation in a family with X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy | |
Bertolini et al. | A point mutation in ABC1 gene in a patient with severe premature coronary heart disease and mild clinical phenotype of Tangier disease | |
CA2295865C (fr) | Procede de diagnostic de la maladie d'alzheimer | |
WO2002036770A2 (fr) | Sequences polymorphes du gene humain abca1, leurs utilisations, les methodes et kits de detection | |
EP1131424B1 (fr) | Mutations du gene de la parkine, compositions, methodes et utilisations | |
FR2815970A1 (fr) | Sequences polymorphes du gene humain abca1, leurs utilisations, les methodes et kits de detection | |
EP0970243A1 (fr) | Diagnostic et traitement de glaucome | |
EP1639139B1 (fr) | Methodes de detection de la maladie d'alzheimer | |
Sangerman et al. | Ankyrin‐linked hereditary spherocytosis in an African–American kindred | |
CA2416533A1 (fr) | Methode de detection d'erreurs du metabolisme lipidique | |
EP1712643B9 (fr) | Prévention des toxicités dues au 5-fluorouracile | |
US20040267000A1 (en) | Atherosclerosis susceptibility gene locus 1(athsq1) and atherosclerosis susceptibility gene locus 2 (athsq2) | |
US7364904B2 (en) | Methods and composition for diagnosing and treating Pseudoxanthoma elasticum and related conditions | |
Foubert et al. | Assessment of French patients with LPL deficiency for French Canadian mutations. | |
Moates et al. | Variable expression of hepatic glucokinase in mice is due to a regulational locus that cosegregates with the glucokinase gene | |
Torres | Physical mapping and mutation analysis of the Wolfram Syndrome gene | |
CA2378665A1 (fr) | Polymorphismes dans l'adn de proteines de fixation a un element regulateur de sterol |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2002539516 Country of ref document: JP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2001978530 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2427436 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2002210636 Country of ref document: AU |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8642 |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2001978530 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 2001978530 Country of ref document: EP |