A CHIMNEY FUNCTIONING AS A HEAT EXCHANGER
1. TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to the exploitation of heat which goes through a warmed up chimney while the waste gases are emitted and released in the process of the combustion of solid or liquid fuels, and which thus unused is lost in the atmosphere. 2. BACKGROUND ART
There are solutions to a chimney opening measuring 14 x 14 cm, diameter of the opening being 20 cm, then to the baking of limestone of the opening whose diameter is about lm and to larger chimneys at some larger heating plants and other power supply plants with diameters measuring even several meters.
In practice, there are probably some solutions according to which a pipe is placed within a chimney and thus has a function of a boiler providing a household with necessary quantity of hot water. The weakness of these solutions is that a part of the heat passing through a chimney while the waste gases are released in the process of the combustion is completely lost in the atmosphere, or just a small part of it is exploited.
3. DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION In respect of the existing solutions to chimneys, according to which the heat arising from the process of combustion of solid or liquid fuels when the warmed waste gasses are released through a chimney is completely lost in the atmosphere or just a small part of it is exploited, this invention makes possible maximum exploitation of the heat.
To execute the design of the invention, it would be necessary to define the maximum dimensions of a chimney in terms of the maximum cross-section (subject to the number of pipe pairs) and the height (in case that a building is small but a maximum height of a chimney is desired, then the brick walls need to be strengthened by vertical supports made of reinforced concrete), in order that, by applying solution to technical problem, the heat passing through the opening (Fig. 2, Position 1) and the heat absorbed by the chimney walls could be exploited to a maximum extent.
The most practical medium to take the heat would be the air. The heat would be taken by ensuring the circulation of the clean and cooler air through the space with higher temperature from the bottom to the top of the chimney which would then warm up, and then such a warmer air would flow from the top to the bottom of the chimney getting even warmer. A ventilator would ensure circulation of the air, and it would be placed behind the installation and would operate by pressing the air up and down.
The air is planned to flows between two pipes which are produced of high quality conductor of the heat. Only, the inward pipe of the last wall pipe pair would be made of high quality conductor of the heat, and the outward of chamotte. For the air to get into the space between the pipes, two or more than two openings are designed. For the clean and warmer air to exit, two or more than two openings are designed, either. For the clean air to evenly flow over the whole of the heating surface, from the bottom to the top of a chimney, appropriate grooves are envisaged at the stage of construction. These will channel the air to flow exactly over a designated surface. To this end, the air will be brought (subject to the size of diameter
of the pipe pair, through pipes that will make a sheaf of pipes) from one entry to exactly designated place of the start of the flow from the bottom to the top of the chimney, so that the exactly designated place of the start of the flow corresponds, by the size of the pipe pair, to one pipe from the sheaf of pipes. To evenly warm up a total mass of the air it is necessary to ensure a turbulent flow of the air. This would be achieved by rings serving to extend the pipe elements. Turbulence would be better if added pieces are shorter and if difference is slight between inward diameter of the ring of the outward added piece and outward diameter of the ring of the inward added piece, with the fitting being thereby feasible. The fitting would be carried out alternatively. The length of the first - basic and final - added pieces of the outward and inward pipe would differ. The added pieces would be joined in such a way that an added piece of the outward pipe would be placed in the middle of the added piece of the inward pipe and vice versa. Central added pieces of the outward and inward pipe would be of the same length. Four options are provided as to which entry air will be used. Under the first option, openings for supply of the clean air are directly connected with openings from the system of channels (these are already used for airing the stables during the winter months). The second option: as the entry air we can use the air warmed up at the level of room temperature from a room which is supplied with the air from the system of channels. Since two entries are planned, there is, of course, the option that one of these is connected to the room air and the other one to the system of channels. The third option is that the entry air is taken directly from the outside, whereas the fourth one is that the room air is used as the entry air and that it comes to the room directly from the outside.
Which option will be applied depends on the season and purpose of the fresh, warmed up air.
It is necessary to ensure that smoke gasses are not mixed with the fresh air which takes the heat. To this end, a welded ring lid or bottom is designed at the top and bottom of the pipe pairs. A two-way gasket is planned between the added pieces. It will be made of substance to meet the condition of high temperatures there created, and to ensure complete sealing. It is also necessary to prevent the air flowing from the top towards the bottom of a chimney by narrower channels from mixing with that flowing upward. The welding of compartments is the most acceptable, but it will be difficult in the course of fitting.
The drawing shows the situation when the flow of smoke gasses is not regulated and, consequently, there is possibility that warm gasses circulate unevenly over surfaces designed for taking the heat, whereby the coefficient of heat exploitation would be reduced. It is therefore necessary to provide for a possibility of regulating the flow of smoke gases which would be achieved by installing an axial ventilator in the horizontal surface between chimney tube and the starting-point of the central pipe pair (this ventilator would be driven by the same electric motor as the ventilator that ensures the flow of the fresh air). Supports of pipe pairs would then be installed into the walls and would assume the look of a framework, and two transversal beams would be installed for each pipe pair.
The fresh, warmed up air would be further transported by pipes additionally insulated against heat as far as the place of the exploitation.
4. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The drawing which is included into the description and which makes a part of the description of the invention will be helpful in the explanation of the invention.
Fig 1 Longitudinal section B-B Fig 2 Cross-section A-A Fig 3 Longitudinal section C-C Fig 4 - Detail A - connecting of the cover and the floor Fig 5 - Detail B - connecting of the chamotte added pieces Fig 6 - Detail C - connecting of the added pieces of metal pipes Fig 7 - Detail D - lid of the opening for the fitting of entry elements
5. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AT LEAST ONE WAY OF THE OPERATION
OF THE INVENTION
The operation of the invention is made feasible by means of an installation through which the cooler air flows, and this air would warm up while the flowing. The flow of the air is provided by a ventilator.
The installation is presented on drawings, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 and is additionally explained in the item Presentation of the design of the invention.
The drawing shows the following: Cross-section A-A of the chimney, Fig. 2, shows: space through which warm waste gasses flow - Position 1, circular exit openings from cut out ring pieces Position 2, ring space for the glass wool - Position 3, conductor of the heat - Position 4, ring space through which the fresh air flows - Position 5, chamotte part - Position 6, ring part for adding the elements of the heat conductor by means of bolts and it serves at the same time for the turbulence of the air in the ring hole - Position 7, brick wall with openings for entry and exit - Position 8, ring exits that end in circular exits Position 9, holders of the heat conductors - Position 10.
Longitudinal section B-B, Fig. 1, or/and longitudinal section C-C, Fig. 3, indicate the following: a concrete base - Position 11, a chimney tube - Position 12, an entry pipe for a ring jacket - Position 13, an exit for a ventilator - Position 14, an opening with a cover designed for removing accumulated soot near the very bottom of the chimney - Position 15, openings for fitting the entry elements - Position 16, openings for fitting the exit elements - Position 17, holders of the chimney tube - Position 18.
A building and a room could be used for people to live therein, which means that there should not be much noise while the ventilator operates and while the fresh air moves through the installation. On the other hand, a maximum capacity of the ventilator to allow for the flow of the air should be ensured. The mass of the air would thus increase as would the differences between the temperatures of the two surfaces. These two criteria should harmonize the solutions of the second one with reference to the first one.
6. A WAY OF APPLYING THE INVENTION
Subject to the number of installed pipe pairs, technical solution to the problem ensures the application on the smallest chimneys as well as the large ones, even the largest, with regard to a diameter of a chimney.
The invention represents a practical and useful installation for which an economical production should be sought, with the addition of a ventilator (one or two).
The heat created in such a way can be used wherever need be, and as examples, I shall present the following:
It can be used for heating up tall facilities in which optimum conditions for growth of plants, in the first place vegetables and flowers, are created in an artificial mariner.
It can also be used for heating up low facilities when it is necessary to ensure the temperature for springing up the plants by blowing in warm air several times a day. It can be used for basements and other premises designated for the growth of mushrooms (Psalliota campestris, Pleurotus ostreatus, a sort of Japanese mushroom) and for the pasteurization of the ground for mushrooms.
In summer months, the energy released while preparing the food can be used for drying up fruits, vegetables and tobacco. The thermal energy thus created can be made possible in terms of providing high temperatures for preserving fruits and vegetables by means of such high temperatures (sterilization, pasteurization, as quick as a lighting procedure, other procedures such as HTST, uperization).
The heat thus created can easily be transported as far as is needed. It can, therefore, be exploited for heating chicken coops and stables when the premises are not aired due to cold weather, as well as for heating other rooms. It can likewise be used for heating water for a bath and for other necessities at a house. It can also be used for heating rooms in which people live.
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