WO2002024070A1 - Appareil permettant de determiner rapidement la capacite de diffusion pulmonaire - Google Patents

Appareil permettant de determiner rapidement la capacite de diffusion pulmonaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002024070A1
WO2002024070A1 PCT/DE2000/003281 DE0003281W WO0224070A1 WO 2002024070 A1 WO2002024070 A1 WO 2002024070A1 DE 0003281 W DE0003281 W DE 0003281W WO 0224070 A1 WO0224070 A1 WO 0224070A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
time
determined
capacitor
voltage
discharge
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2000/003281
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Ganshorn
Original Assignee
Peter Ganshorn
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Peter Ganshorn filed Critical Peter Ganshorn
Priority to DE10085180T priority Critical patent/DE10085180D2/de
Priority to PCT/DE2000/003281 priority patent/WO2002024070A1/fr
Publication of WO2002024070A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002024070A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/08—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
    • A61B5/0813—Measurement of pulmonary parameters by tracers, e.g. radioactive tracers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for determining the diffusion capacity and distribution disorders of the lungs, in which the concentrations of carbon monoxide contained in the inhaled / exhaled air
  • One of the important criteria for determining the performance and health of the lungs is their diffusion capacity, i.e. their ability and effectiveness in gas exchange, i.e. H. when submitting the
  • Oxygen to the tissue or the circulating blood or the absorption of carbon dioxide from the tissue into the lungs It is determined and depends on the one hand on the given physiological conditions, such as the lung volume, the diffusion distance in the gas phase, the thickness and area of the alveolocapillary membrane and the blood volume in the capillaries, and on the other hand on the functional properties, such as ventilation, perfusion , Distribution disorders, diffusion properties of the separating membrane and the reaction rate of 0 2 and the CO with the hemoglobin. The sum of all of the above factors determines the diffusion capacity.
  • Diffusion capacity that better corresponds to the physiological conditions.
  • the measurement of the diffusion capacity based on the CO forms the advantage of the much simpler methodology.
  • the diffusion capacities measured with oxygen 0 2 not identical in value, but proportional to the diffusion capacity of the carbon monoxide CO.
  • the advantage of using CO is that, in contrast to 0 2, a significantly lower pressure is sufficient to achieve full saturation of the hemoglobin.
  • the CO is almost completely bound to the hemoglobin, so that the partial pressure of the CO in the lung capillary is so low that it can be neglected.
  • the advantage is that one of the most difficult measurement variables when determining the diffusion capacity, namely the mean capillary gas partial pressure, becomes 0.
  • the carbon monoxide CO then has the diffusion capacity from the quotient of the amount of gas CO that is absorbed per minute to the average alveolar gas partial pressure, the latter being determined directly from the alveolar air.
  • the intrapulmonary gas volume V ( functional residual volume
  • D LCO intrapulmonary gas volume * 60 / test duration in
  • a determination of the concentration of the carbon monoxide CO is therefore required for the measurement, which is usually done by means of infrared absorption or in some cases with the help of chemical cells; that of helium with the help of thermal conductivity or in apparatus complex cases with the help of gas chromatographs.
  • the measurement of the helium concentration with the aid of the thermal conductivity is comparatively slow, so that an average value is obtained over the individual exhalation process. It would be crucial, however, to use a rapidly displaying analyzer for the helium in order to be able to recognize further and more precise values and in particular distribution disorders within the lungs.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide an analyzer which permits rapid and continuous analysis of the helium concentration.
  • This invention is achieved in that an ultrasound pulse is emitted by a transmitter, and at the same time the lapse of a period that is slightly shorter than the running time in the stationary medium begins after the end of the period the discharge of a capacitor to which one Voltage is applied, begins with a constant current, the discharge is ended with the registration of the ultrasound pulse in the receiver, the voltage still applied to the capacitor is measured and the discharge duration is determined therefrom
  • Running time from time span and discharge time is added, the running time measurement is repeated in the opposite direction, the flow rate and / or the molar mass is determined from the different running times. It must be assumed that when determining the diffusion capacity of the lungs, the proportion of carbon monoxide continues to be produced in the known manner, namely by infrared absorption or with the help of chemical cells, which have the advantage of being cheaper, but the disadvantage of much slower analyzes.
  • the decisive factor for the invention is the use of ultrasound as a fast analyzer for determining the helium concentration.
  • the molar mass of the helium portion to be measured in the exhaled air is determined continuously in discrete steps, from which the density or concentration of the helium can be determined by conversion, ie taking into account the temperature of the air pressure.
  • the rapid measurement of the helium allows numerous closely spaced measurement points to be recorded during a single exhalation process that describe a curve.
  • an ultrasonic pulse is transmitted essentially in the direction of movement through the medium, the transit time of which on the defined path between the transmitter and the receiver measured and the process repeated immediately afterwards in the opposite direction.
  • the speed of propagation of the impulse is increased or decreased by the flow of the medium and the molecular weights and the density or concentration derived from them can be determined from the different values.
  • the runtime changes in the order of 1 microsecond. A measurement in the nanosecond range is therefore required to adequately resolve this time interval by dividing it by at least 1000 steps.
  • the clocked counters used to count the time between transmission and reception of the signal work with frequencies in the GHz range.
  • the actual time measurement only begins shortly before the presumed arrival of the ultrasonic pulse in the receiver, and the charge stored in a capacitor is used for the time measurement.
  • the runtime is subject to only minor changes, so that the actual measurement only has to be started shortly before the end of the known runtime in the still medium. It can be determined with a blind test, ie without flow, and then a slightly shorter period of time, e.g. B. 148 instead of 150 microseconds, can be set as a so-called dead time, after which the discharge of a capacitor is started. It is charged with a known amount of charge by the application of a voltage. It is that Specialist possible to discharge it with a constant current, so that the charge stored in the capacitor and thus the electrical voltage decreases continuously.
  • the discharge process is then ended when the pulse is registered in the receiver.
  • the transit times of the ultrasound pulse are measured with the direction of movement and against the direction of movement and the molar mass of the medium can be calculated using the known formulas. The measures necessary for this, ie the coupling of a
  • Receiver to a capacitor as well as the determination of the discharge time and the addition to the dead time and the calculation of the desired measurement results can be carried out automatically by electronic circuits, as is known to the trained expert.
  • the advantage of the invention is that the measurement of electrical quantities, such as the voltage applied to the capacitor in mV, can be carried out with inexpensive measuring devices and small measurement errors. Furthermore, the analog output signals with known electrical circuits, e.g. B. operational amplifiers, are processed further, so that the evaluation of the measurement results, ie the summation and difference formation of the transit times, can be implemented in a simple manner. In addition, there is a reduction in the absolute size of the relative due to the short time period in which measurements are taken Measurement error that occurs with each measurement, since an error of 1% in one microsecond falsifies the result less than with the measurement methods mentioned above.
  • electrical circuits e.g. B. operational amplifiers
  • This proposed ultrasound measurement method allows a precise and at the same time quick determination of the density or concentration of the helium component and thus allows the implementation of devices which, in contrast to mass spectrometers, permit rapid helium analysis with little outlay on equipment, and thus the better assessment of the diffusion capacity and the determination distribution disorders of the lungs.
  • the proposed device not only gives the diagnostician much more precise, but also additional values for assessing lung function.
  • an advantageous embodiment consists in changing the time period and / or the voltage applied to the capacitor and / or the discharge current. With a change in the applied to the capacitor
  • the voltage and the discharge current are adapted to the required measuring range. If, for example, the capacitor voltage is increased, a longer period of time can be measured with a constant discharge current, as is necessary in the case of a fast flow and a large change in the transit time associated therewith. It is also possible to increase the discharge current at the same time, so that the decrease z. B. always the same period of time is assigned to an mV of capacitor voltage in order to obtain a consistently high resolution of the respective measuring range.
  • a simplification of the method is to determine the transit time of a pulse in the quiescent medium and to set the voltage and / or the discharge current applied to the capacitor such that the voltage 0V, which is reached after a certain discharge duration, is assigned to the transit time in the quiescent medium is, that the zero crossing of the capacitor voltage, when a positive voltage has been applied, corresponds to the point in time at which a pulse in the stationary medium would be registered in the receiver.
  • the measuring range, ie the voltage and the discharge current, is the respective medium
  • Molar mass can be converted, whereby the running times differ from the time in the still medium by the same small value.
  • One possible method of determining the molar mass is that it is carried out in the still medium. As a result, the transit times of the ultrasonic pulses that are sent through the medium in the opposite direction have the same amount. It is irrelevant according to the invention how the medium in the flow tube is brought into a state of rest, relative to the tube.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the proposed analyzer in the form of a block diagram.
  • the subject inhales the gas mixture containing carbon monoxide CO and helium He, which, because they are inspiratory concentrations, are referred to as FICO and FIHE.
  • the gas volume is measured with a pneumotachograph.
  • the respiration, stopping time and discharge of the expiratory air are electronically controlled using appropriate valves.
  • the device is equipped for the determination of the carbon monoxide concentration by infrared absorption called CO-URAS and the concentration of helium is measured by the He analyzer.
  • FIHE inspiratory helium concentration
  • FICO inspiratory carbon monoxide concentrations

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil permettant de déterminer la capacité de diffusion pulmonaire et ses perturbations de distribution. Cet appareil permet de mesurer les concentrations de monoxyde de carbone et d'hélium dans l'air inspiré/expiré. La concentration d'hélium est déterminée par la mesure du temps de propagation d'impulsions ultrasonores entre deux émetteurs/récepteurs d'ultrasons, notamment d'émetteurs/récepteurs piézoélectriques. Une impulsion ultrasonore est émise par un émetteur (1) et simultanément commence l'écoulement d'un temps de propagation qui est légèrement inférieur au temps de propagation dans un milieu statique. Au terme de ce temps de propagation, la décharge d'un condensateur auquel une tension est appliquée, commence avec une intensité constante. Le processus de décharge se termine avec l'enregistrement de l'impulsion ultrasonore dans le récepteur (2). On mesure la tension encore appliquée au condensateur et, à partir de là, on détermine la durée de décharge. Le temps de propagation est déterminé par l'addition de la période et de la durée de décharge. La mesure du temps de propagation en sens inverse est renouvelée. Et on détermine la vitesse d'écoulement et/ou la masse molaire à partir des différents temps de propagation.
PCT/DE2000/003281 2000-09-20 2000-09-20 Appareil permettant de determiner rapidement la capacite de diffusion pulmonaire WO2002024070A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10085180T DE10085180D2 (de) 2000-09-20 2000-09-20 Gerät zur schnellen Bestimmung der Diffusionskapazität einer Lunge
PCT/DE2000/003281 WO2002024070A1 (fr) 2000-09-20 2000-09-20 Appareil permettant de determiner rapidement la capacite de diffusion pulmonaire

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/DE2000/003281 WO2002024070A1 (fr) 2000-09-20 2000-09-20 Appareil permettant de determiner rapidement la capacite de diffusion pulmonaire

Publications (1)

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WO2002024070A1 true WO2002024070A1 (fr) 2002-03-28

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DE (1) DE10085180D2 (fr)
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1510232A1 (fr) * 2003-08-26 2005-03-02 Instrumentarium Corporation Dispositif et méthode pour indiquer le degré d'inhomogénéité de la ventilation dans les poumons
EP1764035A2 (fr) * 2005-09-16 2007-03-21 ndd Medizintechnik AG Procédé et outil pour la détermination de la capacité de la diffusion pulmonaire pour une inspiration utilisant la mésure ultrasonore de la masse molaire
WO2009030058A1 (fr) * 2007-09-07 2009-03-12 Eco Medics Ag Dispositif, mélange de gaz et procédé de diagnostic pulmonaire
CN104367325A (zh) * 2014-12-01 2015-02-25 田庆 一种肺旁路通气检测装置
CN113558659A (zh) * 2021-07-30 2021-10-29 重庆安酷科技有限公司 一种高精度超声波肺功能检测仪及其检测方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4034743A (en) * 1975-10-24 1977-07-12 Airco, Inc. Automated pulmonary function testing apparatus
US4083367A (en) * 1976-07-28 1978-04-11 Andros Incorporated Method and apparatus for pulmonary function analysis
US5022406A (en) * 1988-08-01 1991-06-11 Tomlinson Harold W Module for determining diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide and method
US5303712A (en) * 1993-01-25 1994-04-19 Medical Graphics Corporation Calibration method for single-breath carbon monoxide lung diffusing capacity test system
US5361771A (en) * 1993-03-05 1994-11-08 Western Research Company, Inc. Portable pulmonary function testing device and method
US5367204A (en) * 1992-09-01 1994-11-22 Vlsi Technology, Inc. Multiple digital clock edge generator circuit and method

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4034743A (en) * 1975-10-24 1977-07-12 Airco, Inc. Automated pulmonary function testing apparatus
US4083367A (en) * 1976-07-28 1978-04-11 Andros Incorporated Method and apparatus for pulmonary function analysis
US5022406A (en) * 1988-08-01 1991-06-11 Tomlinson Harold W Module for determining diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide and method
US5367204A (en) * 1992-09-01 1994-11-22 Vlsi Technology, Inc. Multiple digital clock edge generator circuit and method
US5303712A (en) * 1993-01-25 1994-04-19 Medical Graphics Corporation Calibration method for single-breath carbon monoxide lung diffusing capacity test system
US5361771A (en) * 1993-03-05 1994-11-08 Western Research Company, Inc. Portable pulmonary function testing device and method

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1510232A1 (fr) * 2003-08-26 2005-03-02 Instrumentarium Corporation Dispositif et méthode pour indiquer le degré d'inhomogénéité de la ventilation dans les poumons
US6983750B2 (en) 2003-08-26 2006-01-10 Instrumentarium Corp. Method for indicating the amount of ventilation inhomogeneity in the lung
EP1764035A2 (fr) * 2005-09-16 2007-03-21 ndd Medizintechnik AG Procédé et outil pour la détermination de la capacité de la diffusion pulmonaire pour une inspiration utilisant la mésure ultrasonore de la masse molaire
EP1764035A3 (fr) * 2005-09-16 2007-05-09 ndd Medizintechnik AG Procédé et outil pour la détermination de la capacité de la diffusion pulmonaire pour une inspiration utilisant la mésure ultrasonore de la masse molaire
WO2009030058A1 (fr) * 2007-09-07 2009-03-12 Eco Medics Ag Dispositif, mélange de gaz et procédé de diagnostic pulmonaire
CN104367325A (zh) * 2014-12-01 2015-02-25 田庆 一种肺旁路通气检测装置
CN113558659A (zh) * 2021-07-30 2021-10-29 重庆安酷科技有限公司 一种高精度超声波肺功能检测仪及其检测方法
CN113558659B (zh) * 2021-07-30 2023-07-04 重庆安酷科技有限公司 一种高精度超声波肺功能检测仪及其检测方法

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