WO2002020187A1 - Procede et appareil de separation des dechets - Google Patents

Procede et appareil de separation des dechets Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002020187A1
WO2002020187A1 PCT/DK2001/000584 DK0100584W WO0220187A1 WO 2002020187 A1 WO2002020187 A1 WO 2002020187A1 DK 0100584 W DK0100584 W DK 0100584W WO 0220187 A1 WO0220187 A1 WO 0220187A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
waste
liquid
processed
separator
hours
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DK2001/000584
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kjeld Johansen
Original Assignee
Bio Waste Aps
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bio Waste Aps filed Critical Bio Waste Aps
Priority to AU2001287546A priority Critical patent/AU2001287546A1/en
Publication of WO2002020187A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002020187A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
    • B01D29/117—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements arranged for outward flow filtration
    • B01D29/118—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements arranged for outward flow filtration open-ended
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
    • B01D29/31—Self-supporting filtering elements
    • B01D29/35—Self-supporting filtering elements arranged for outward flow filtration
    • B01D29/356—Self-supporting filtering elements arranged for outward flow filtration open-ended, the arrival of the mixture to be filtered and the discharge of the concentrated mixture are situated on both opposite sides of the filtering element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/44—Edge filtering elements, i.e. using contiguous impervious surfaces
    • B01D29/445—Bar screens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/62—Regenerating the filter material in the filter
    • B01D29/64—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by scrapers, brushes, nozzles, or the like, acting on the cake side of the filtering element
    • B01D29/6469—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by scrapers, brushes, nozzles, or the like, acting on the cake side of the filtering element scrapers
    • B01D29/6484—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by scrapers, brushes, nozzles, or the like, acting on the cake side of the filtering element scrapers with a translatory movement with respect to the filtering element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/76—Handling the filter cake in the filter for purposes other than for regenerating
    • B01D29/80—Handling the filter cake in the filter for purposes other than for regenerating for drying
    • B01D29/82—Handling the filter cake in the filter for purposes other than for regenerating for drying by compression
    • B01D29/828—Handling the filter cake in the filter for purposes other than for regenerating for drying by compression using screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B3/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls in which solid particles or bodies become separated by centrifugal force and simultaneous sifting or filtering
    • B04B3/04—Centrifuges with rotary bowls in which solid particles or bodies become separated by centrifugal force and simultaneous sifting or filtering discharging solid particles from the bowl by a conveying screw coaxial with the bowl axis and rotating relatively to the bowl
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
    • B30B9/125—Control arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
    • B30B9/127—Feed means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
    • B30B9/18—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing with means for adjusting the outlet for the solid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
    • B01D2201/02—Filtering elements having a conical form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/50208—Biologic treatment before burning, e.g. biogas generation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the technical field of handling of waste, in particular domestic rubbish and in this context, novel techniques of separating or dividing waste, such as domestic rubbish into two parts or portions, namely a liquid or viscous part or portion, including a high percentage of biologically degradable material and a solid and substantially dry part or portion which is combustible without the necessity of use of supplementary energy for the drying of the combustible material or excessive amounts of energy or supplementary materials for the handling or separation of the waste, in particular the domestic rubbish.
  • waste, in particular domestic rubbish includes a high amount of biological substance or materials which, provided the material be separated from the remaining non-biological part of the domestic rubbish is easily used for the production of energy, in particular gas, through the fermentation of the biological material in a biogas production plant.
  • the solid part or portion may be used for combustion in combustion plants without the necessity of utilising additional energy for drying the material before combustion, whereas the biological substance present in the liquid or viscous part or portion separated from the solid part or portion may be used for gas production in a biological gas production plant in which the biological substance or material is degraded in a fermentation process, as is well known within the art per se.
  • separation plants are described in e.g. EP 0 396 390 and EP 1 013 350 to which reference is made.
  • the method and the apparatus according to the present invention are, however, based on completely different approaches as to the development of techniques for allowing a simple and efficient separation of waste, in particular domestic rubbish into the liquid part, including the major portion of the biological material of the waste or domestic rubbish and the solid part which is easily combustible.
  • the present invention is based on simple considerations deduced by the inventor from the inventor's knowledge as to the complexity of waste, in particular domestic rubbish and the difficulty in handling an processing material of the extreme variety of composition as is the case with waste, in particular domestic rubbish.
  • the processing of the waste in particular the domestic rubbish, may be carried out in a low power equipment without a need of extremely high energy or power sources for mechanically destroying large objects which may not easily be handled in the separation plant or apparatus or for heating the waste before or in the separation process.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a novel technique, in particular a novel method and a novel apparatus for the separation of waste, in particular domestic rubbish into a liquid or viscous part ot portion, including the major part of the biological material of the original waste or domestic rubbish and a solid part which is fairly dry and which includes only a minor portion of the biological material originally present in the waste or domestic rubbish and which solid part or portion is easily combustible without the use of additional energy for the combustion of the solid waste or domestic rubbish part, and without the use of supplementary energy or materials such as steam or water.
  • a particular feature of the present invention relates to the fact that the novel method and the novel apparatus according to the present invention allows for an easy and simple separation of waste or particular domestic rubbish into the above described liquid or viscous part and the above described solid part without the use of excessive energy input for destroying larger solid objects and for handling the waste.
  • a particular advantage of the present invention relates to the fact that the novel method and the novel apparatus according to the present invention may be used also for the sorting out of extremely large objects from the waste or particular domestic rubbish before the separation of the waste or domestic rubbish into the above liquid or viscous part and the above solid part.
  • a method for separating waste such as domestic rubbish, into a liquid or viscous portion, including organic material and a solid, combustible portion
  • the method comprising : i) mechanically kneading the waste for an extended period of time allowing the waste to be mechanically wrenched and intimately intermingled and at the same time, allowing the waste to biologically degrade in an aerated and fermentation process providing a decrease in the pH-value of the processed waste and an increase of the content of water of the processed waste, ii) transferring the processed waste to a liquid separator and mechanically sorting out objects exceeding a specific maximum size corresponding to the maximum size processable by the liquid separator, iii) separating liquid from the processed and sorted out waste by means of the liquid separator for
  • an apparatus for separating waste, such as domestic rubbish, into a liquid or viscous portion, including organic material and a solid, combustible portion comprising : i) a kneading means for mechanically kneading the waste for an extended period of time allowing the waste to be mechanically wrenched and intimately intermingled and at the same time, allowing the waste to biologically degrade in an aerated and fermentation process providing a decrease in the pH-value of the processed waste and an increase of the content of water of the processed waste, ii) a transfer and sorter means for transferring the processed waste to a liquid separator and mechanically sorting out objects exceeding a specific maximum size corresponding to the maximum size processable by the liquid separator, iii) the liquid separator for separating liquid from the processed and sorted out waste by means of the liquid separator for providing the liquid or viscous portion and the solid portion, iv) a liquid receptor
  • the present invention is based on simple and easily understandable realisations.
  • a pre-separation and sorting out of the waste, in particular domestic rubbish brings about specific advantages as to the structure and quality of the waste or domestic rubbish to be separated as the kneading og the waste for an extended period of time, such as more than half an hour, e.g. approximately one hour or even longer provides a self-destruction of the waste due to the inherent weight of the waste and, in doing so, opens up the waste material and pulls apart e.g. plastic bags, packages of plastic or paper materials etc.
  • the kneading further generates a self-crushing of the major part of the waste, in particular the biological materials and in doing so, allows the material to be exposed to a fermentation process in which biological degradation of the biological material accelerates, due to the aeration of the waste material. It is contemplated that the acceleration of the biological degradation of the biological materials is further accelerated due to the decrease in the pH-value of the processed waste which further accelerates the biological degradation of the biological materials.
  • the biological material produces water and in doing so lubricates the waste material, allowing the material to be easily handled without the addition of water from an external supply source, such as a source of drinking water or pump water.
  • an external supply source such as a source of drinking water or pump water.
  • the self-accelerating fermentation process results in a self-destruction of a substantial portion of the waste material without the addition of any supplementary materials, such as steam or water and only necessitates the input of a fairly low amount of energy for the mechanical kneading rather than mechanical cutting, punching, shredding or other high energy consuming processing.
  • the waste Due to the pre-sorting out and separation process involving the kneading of the waste, in particular the domestic rubbish, the waste is easily processed as the material, i.e. the waste, in particular the domestic rubbish, provides a self-lubrication due to the increased content of water and due to the separation of the material in the kneading process.
  • the waste is processed in a combined sorting out and transfer operation, transferring the processed waste to a liquid separator, in which the processed waste is separated into the above described liquid part and the above described solid part.
  • the liquid part including the major part of the biological material originally present in the waste, in particular domestic rubbish, is received in a receptor or input to a biological gas production plant for further biological degradation.
  • the liquid part may be transported to a remote plant, e.g. by means of lorries, railways or ships.
  • the solid part may be produced having a low water and low biological material content allowing the solid to be easily combusted in a combustion plant without the use of supplementary energy for drying the waste material before the combustion.
  • the kneading process may be accelerated by the addition of a fraction of the liquid portion from the liquid receptor rather than supplying clean water, such as drinking water or pump water to the waste process.
  • the waste material may be made more solid through the transferring of a fraction of the solid portion separated from the previously processed and sorted out waste to the waste to be kneaded in the mechanical kneading process characteristic of the present invention.
  • the method further comprises transferring a fraction of the liquid portion from the liquid receptor to the processed waste or to the processed and sorted out waste for adjusting the viscousity of the material to be processed by the separator in step iii) and alternatively or supplementary comprises the step of transferring a fraction the solid portion separated from the processed and sorted out waste by means of the separator to the processed waste or to the processed and sorted out waste for making the material to be processed by the separator more viscous.
  • the method according to the first aspect of the present invention may in accordance with alternative implementations of the method be carried out in a continuous or intermittent process or alternatively in a batch processing process, as the plant in which the process is carried out may be adapted to perform a continuous or alternatively an intermittent process or may be implemented as a batch processing plant.
  • the mechanical kneading of the waste, in particular the domestic rubbish may be performed by any kneading or stirring equipment such as rollers, wheels, paddling devices etc.
  • the mechanical kneading may advantageously be performed by means of oppositely rotating worm or spiral conveyors, which at the same time expose the material to a paddling or stirring operation and also mechanically processes the waste by mechanically destroying and tearing apart the waste material through the above described self-destroying process.
  • the sorting out of objects exceeding the specific maximum size of objects which may be processed in the liquid separator is simply carried out by transferring the processed waste to the separator through an aperture having a specific maximum dimension corresponding to or being smaller than the maximum size of objects which may be processed by the liquid separator.
  • the mechanical kneading of the waste is preferably carried out in an overhead position as compared to the proces of separating liquid from the processed and sorted out waste, as the transfer from the kneading proces to the separation process is simply established by opening the aperture which may have a closure for, in a closed state, separate the kneading process from the separation process and in the opened state, allow for the transfer of the processed and sorted out waste from the kneading process to the separation process.
  • the sorting out of objects exceeding the specific maximum size of objects which may be processed in the liquid separator is simply carried out by means of a worm or spiral conveyor having a specific maximum input aperture corresponding to the or being smaller than the maximum size of objects which may be processed in the liquid separator.
  • the liquid separator itself may, according to alternative embodiments, be implemented in accordance with technical solutions or principles, well known in the art per se, as the separator may be implemented as a spiral conveyor separator, a piston separator or any other dewaster or separator appliance.
  • the mechanical kneading of the waste before the sorting out and separation of the waste mey dependent of the waste, in particular the domestic rubbish and the content of the waste or the domestic rubbish be carried out for a period of time of the order of 0.5 - 4 hours, such as the method according to any of the claims 1 - 7, the period of time for mechanically kneading the waste in step i being of the order of 0.5 - 4 hours, such as 0.5 - 2 hours, e.g. approximately 1 hour or of the order of 0.5 - 1 hours, 1 - 1.5 hours, 1.5 - 2 hours, 2 - 2.5 hours, 2.5 - 3 hours, 3 - 3.5 hours or 3.5 - 4 hours.
  • the method according to the first aspect of the present invention has proven to be extremely efficient as to the obtainment of a high biologically degradable portion in terms of a large liquid portion as compared to the solid portion and it has turned out, that the solid portion generated by means of the method according to the first aspect of the present invention and also generated by means of the apparatus according to the second aspect of the present invention may constitute less than 50% of the processed and sorted out waste, such as 40% or 30% or preferably less than 30% and the liquid or viscous portion may constitute more than 50% of the processed and sorted out waste, such as 60% or 70% or preferably more than 30%.
  • the method and the apparatus according to the first and the second aspect, respectively, of the present invention have proven to provide a separation of the waste, in particular domestic rubbish into a liquid portion having more than 50%, such as 60%, 70% or even 80% of the biological substance or material originally present in the waste or domestic rubbish, whereas the solid portion includes less than 50%, such as 40%, 30% or even 20% of the biological material originally present in the waste or the domestic rubbish.
  • the apparatus according to the second aspect of the present invention may advantageously be implemented for carrying out the above described preferred and advantageous embodiments of the method according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 is an overall schematic view of an apparatus or plant for the separation of waste, in particular domestic rubbish into a liquid or viscous part, including the major portion of the biological material originally present in the waste, in particular the domestic rubbish and a solid part constituting a substantially dry part or portion, including only a minor part of the biological material originally present in the waste, in particular the domestic rubbish
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic detailed view of a pre-sorting and pre-separation step performed in the plant or apparatus shown in Fig. 1 ,
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a feed-back control system of a separator included in the plant or apparatus shown in Fig. 1 ,
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic and perspective view illustrating in greater details a pre- separation processing apparatus, also illustrated schematically in Fig. 2,
  • Fig. 5a and 5b are schematic and partly cut away views of the separator, also shown scematically in Fig. 3,
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic and partly broken away view of an alternative embodiment of the separator shown schematically in Fig. 1 ,
  • Figs. 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d are schematic and partly broken away views of a further and presently preferred embodiment of the liquid separator illustrated schematically in the central part of Fig. 1 ,
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a modified closure of the presently preferred embodiment of the liquid separator shown in Figs. 7a-7d, and
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic view similar to the view of Fig. 7a of a slightly modified embodiment as compared to the embodiment of the liquid separator shown in Figs. 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d.
  • a plant or an apparatus for the separation of waste, in particular domestic rubbish into a liquid or viscous part or portion and a solid and substantially dry part or portion is shown.
  • the apparatus is in its entirety designated the reference numeral 10 and comprises a pre-separation section 12 to be described in greater details with reference to Figs. 2 and 4 in which part the waste is processed by means of mechanical agitators constituted by worm or spiral conveyors.
  • the processed waste is transferred from the pre-separation section 12 in a transfer and sorting out section 14 to a liquid separator 16 in which the processed and sorted out waste is separated into a liquid or viscous part including the major part of the biological material originally present in the waste processed in the pre-separation section 12 and a solid and substantially dry part or portion, including the minor part of the biological material originally present in the waste processed in the pre-separation section 12.
  • the liquid part is designated the reference numeral 18 and is received within a liquid receptor 20.
  • the solid part is transferred from the separator 16 by means of a worm or spiral conveyor 22 to a waste container 24 in which the solid part is received.
  • the solid part is designated the reference numeral 26.
  • the waste originally received within the pre-separation section 12 is designated the reference numeral 28 and the transfer and sorting out section 14 is shown composed of two worm or spiral conveyors 30 and 32..
  • the worm or spiral conveyors 30 and 32 may, dependent on the actual location of the individual sections of the plant or apparatus 10 shown in Fig. 1 , be combined into a single conveyor serving the purpose of transferring and at the same time sorting out processed waste to be separated into a liquid part and a solid part within the liquid separator 16.
  • a pipeline 34 is further shown schematically through which the liquid part 18 is transferred by means of a pump 36 to a biological gas production plant illustrated schematically in the lower right-hand part of Fig. 1 and including a container 38 in which a propeller 40 further causes the liquid to degrade biologically in an aeration degradation process through which gas is produced, which gas is removed from the container 38 through a gas tube 42.
  • the waste water including no biologically degradable material or substance is eventually removed from the container 38 through a further pipeline 44 by means of a pump 46.
  • the pre-separation section 12 is shown in greater details illustrating the process of kneading or mechanically urging the waste material around within the section.
  • the section 12 includes a container 48 having an open aperture through which the waste is introduced into the interior of the container.
  • two oppositely rotating worm or spiral conveyors shown in greater details in Fig. 4 are mounted and powered by a motor 50.
  • One of the worm or spiral conveyors is shown in Fig. 2 and designated the reference numeral 52, whereas the oppositely rotating parallel worm or spiral conveyor is shown in Fig. 4 and designated the reference numeral 54.
  • the worm or spiral conveyor 52 is rotated in the counter clockwise direction as indicated by an arrow 56 in Fig. 4
  • the oppositely rotating, parallel worm or spiral conveyor 54 is rotated in the clockwise direction 58 as indicated by the arrow 58 in Fig. 4.
  • the conveyors 52 and 54 are centrally journaled within a bearing block 60 and each include a left-hand part and a right-hand part having opposite pitches.
  • the opposite pitches of the two halves of each of the worm or spiral conveyors 52 and 54 cause the waste material 28 positioned above the conveyors 52 and 54 to be moved towards the center of the container 48, i.e. to a position above the central bearing block 60, and at the same time cause the material to be moved towards the longitudinal center of the container 48, at which position a central block 62 separates the two worm or spiral conveyors 52 and 54 from one another.
  • the stirring of the material 28 is indicated by arrows and the stirring, which may be considered a kneading or mechanical agitation process, causes the material to be mechanically separated and split apart, as some materials, e.g. foil materials are simply torn apart by the weight of the waste material itself, whereas more fragile materials are simply crushed.
  • the waste material 28 is kneaded or stirred around for the elongated period of time as stated above, the biological content of the waste material, in particular the domestic rubbish, is exposed to an aerated fermentation process which is accelerated through the mechanical kneading of the material. In the aerated fermentation process, the biological material is deteriorated and gives origin to the generation of water which causes a lubrication of the waste material.
  • the pH-value of the material decreases and the decrease of the pH-value of the material processed within the pre-separation section 12 is believed to further accelerate the aerated fermentation process and in doing so, further accelerate the generation of water.
  • the self-lubrication of the waste material due to the aerated fermentation process eliminates, in most instances, the necessity of adding liquid, such as water, to the container 28 for allowing the waste material to be agitated or kneaded.
  • the waste material 28 has an extremely low content of water
  • a part of the liquid fraction or part contained within the liquid receptor 20 may be added to the waste material 28 contained within the container 48 for increasing the water content of the waste material prior to the kneading or agitation of the waste material for the above described extended period of time.
  • the viscousity of the waste material may be easily adjusted and increased by adding a fraction of the solid and fairly dry waste material 28 contained within the waste container 24.
  • the adjustment of the viscousity of the waste material 28 to be mechanically kneaded or processed within the container 48 is, according to the teachings of the present invention established through the adding of the previously processed waste material rather than adding of clean constituence, such as drinking water or filler material, e.g. sand or the like.
  • Fig. 1 the feedback of liquid from the liquid receptor 20 and the feedback of solid material 26 from the container 24 is not shown in greater details, however the feedback may easily be established by a simple pipeline and a conveyor, respectively.
  • the container 48 and the worm or spiral conveyors 52 and 54 are, as mentioned above, shown in greater details.
  • the motor 50 is shown connected to the worm and spiral conveyors 52 and 54 through a gear drive included within a gear drive housing 62.
  • the gear drive contained within the gear drive housing 62 converges the rotation of the output shaft of the motor 50 to the opposite rotational motions in the counter clockwise and the clockwise direction of the worm or spiral conveyors 52 and 54, respectively.
  • the input end of the worm or spiral conveyor 30 is further shown.
  • the conveyor 30 serves the dual purpose of transferring the mechanically processed waste from the container 48 to the liquid separator 16 and of sorting out objects exceeding a maximum size which may be processed by the liquid separator 16.
  • the mechanical sorting out of objects which are to large is simply established as the worm or spiral conveyor 30 defines a maximum input aperture through which objects may be introduced to the conveyor 30 which aperture defines the maximum size which may be handled by the liquid separator 16.
  • the worm or spiral conveyor 30 may be omitted provided the pre-separation section 12 be positioned above the liquid separator 16, in which case the transfer and sorting out of processed waste from the pre-separation section 12 is simply established by the opening of a bottom or side aperture of the pre-separation section 12 which aperture defines a dimension corresponding to the maximum size which may be handled by the liquid separator 16.
  • the transfer is in this case simply established through the action from the gravitational force rather than from a conveyor, in particular the worm or spiral conveyor 30 defining the above described maximum size defining aperture.
  • the liquid separator 16 is shown.
  • the liquid separator 16 is contained within an outer housing 64 having an input funnel 66 through which the waste material transferred from the container 48 by means of the transfer or sorting out section 14 is input to the liquid separator.
  • the liquid separator is powered by a motor 68 which motor has its output shaft connected to a worm or spiral conveyor 70.
  • the worm or spiral conveyor is, as distinct from the conveyors 52, 54, 30 and 32 described above of a composite geometrical configuration as the first part positioned below the input funnel 66 is of an overall cylindrical configuration, whereas the outermost end of the worm or spiral conveyor 70 is tapering as the conveyor is configurated in accordance with the outer configuration of a conical liquid output housing part 74.
  • the processed waste material is firstly transported through a closed housing part 72 in which the waste material is partly compacted and secondly input to a cylindrical liquid output housing part 76 which like the conical liquid output housing part 74 is composed of a plurality of closely spaced apart lamella which define a spacing through which the liquid and minor particulate constituents, such as biologically degradable substances, may be expelled, as the conical output end of the worm or spiral conveyor further compacts and presses the waste material through the conical liquid output housing part 74, the outermost end of the conical liquid output housing part 74, an output aperture 78 is defined through which the solid and dried material is expelled, which material is, as is shown in Fig. 1, transferred to the waste container 24 by means of the conveyor 22.
  • the lamella together defining the cylindrical liquid housing part 76 and the conical liquid output housing part 74 are kept together in the conical configuration by means of a ring-shaped element 80, which is movable from the position shown in Fig. 5 to an extracted position shown in Fig. 5b by means of a piston cylinder 82.
  • the lamella are kept closely together defining the conical liquid output housing part 74, whereas in Fig. 5b, the lamella are separated, allowing the lamella of the housing part 74 to be diverged from the conical configuration, thereby allowing larger objects trapped within the liquid separator to be expelled from the enlarged output aperture defined at the output end of the housing part 74.
  • Fig. 5a the liquid expelled between the lamella defining the cylindrical and the conical liquid output housing part 76 and 74, respectively, is discharged from the liquid separator through an aperture below the housing parts 74 and 76.
  • the aperture is indicated by the reference numeral 84.
  • a guiding plate shown in its right-hand position in Fig. 5a is moved to the left by means of a piston cylinder 88, as shown in Fig.
  • the operation of the 2 piston cylinders 82 og 88 is simply established as shown in Fig. 3 in a feedback control system monitoring the pressure generated within the conical liquid output housing part 74 by means of a sensor 90, which sensor generates a pressure signal which is supplied to a control block 92, which further controls the motor 68 and also the piston cylinder 82 operating the aperture enlarging operation of the ring-shaped element 80 through the motion of the ring-shaped element 80 from the left-hand position shown in Fig. 5a to the right-hand position shown in Fig. 5b and as discussed above, also the shifting of the guide plate 86 from the right-hand position shown in Fig. 5a to the left-hand position shown in Fig. 5b.
  • a second or alternative embodiment of the liquid separator is shown designated the reference numeral 16' in its entirety.
  • components or elements identical to components or elements previously described are designated the same integers as previously used and no detailed description of these previously described components or elements are generally provided.
  • Components or elements fulfilling the same purpose as previously described components or elements, however having a different structure are designated the same integer, however added a marking for identifying the difference from the previously described components or elements. In the description, the difference between the modified or differing component or element is presented.
  • the liquid separator 16' basically differs from the above described first embodiment in that the cylindrical and conical liquid output housing parts 76 and 74, respectively, are substituted by a single perforated cylindrical housing part 74' through which the liquid is expelled as the worm or spiral conveyor 70 forces the waste material to the left powered by the motor 68. Fig.
  • tapering or conical output end of the worm or spiral conveyor 70 including a spring-loaded output closure at the output end of the conical liquid output housing part 74' which spring-loaded closure in the first place serves a purpose of generating an increased pressure within the inner space defined within the conical liquid output housing part 74' for pressing water and particulate material out from the waste material and further allowing solid material to be expelled from the left-hand output aperture of the conical liquid output housing part 74', as the output closure is forced to the left against the loading of a helical spring 90.
  • the output closure of the conical liquid output housing part 74' is designated the reference numeral 92 and the helical coil is adjusted by means of a nut 94 mounted on a threaded output end 96 of the through-going shaft of the worm or helical conveyor 70.
  • Figs. 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d a further and presently preferred embodiment of the liquid separator constituting a central component of the apparatus or plant according to the present invention is shown.
  • the liquid separator shown in Figs. 7a - 7d is in its entirety designated the reference numeral 16".
  • the liquid separator 16" is shown in a side-elevational and partly cut away view.
  • the liquid separator is contained within a housing 64' having an inlet channel 66' communicating with a solid wall housing part 72' in which the worm or spiral conveyor 70 is included.
  • the part of the worm or spiral conveyor 70 included within the cylindrical solid wall housing part 72' is of a general cylindrical shape configurated in conformity with the cylindrical solid wall housing part 72'.
  • a conical housing part 74" extends, which housing part is composed of lamella like the housing parts 74 and 76 described above.
  • the lamella of the conical housing part 74" are maintained in their intentional spaced apart relationship by means of annular fixation plates.
  • the conical housing part 74" communicates with an aperture 84' for the expelling of liquid including biological material.
  • the outermost end of the conical hosuing part 74" is closed by means of a shutter closure mechanism shown in greater details in Figs. 7a and 7b in an open position and a closed position, respectively, as viewed from above and is further illustrated in Fig. 7c as seen from the front end of the liquid separator 16".
  • the shutter closure includes two symmetrical closure bodies 100 and 102 having a configuration as viewed from above as illustrated in Figs. 7a and 7b of an overall triangular configuration in which the apexes of the triangularly shaped bodies are journaled on pivoting pins 104 and 106, respectively, allowing the bodies 100 and 102 to pivote from the closed position shown in Figs. 7b to an open position shown in Figs.
  • the triangularly shaped bodies 100 and 102 are further machined for providing top and bottom contact surfaces through which the bodies 100 and 102 are contacting one another in the closed position as shown in Figs. 7b and 7c.
  • the central parts of the bodies 100 and 102 are further machined for defining a lense-like aperture 108 shown in Fig. 7c through which aperture the solid part of the waste, in particular the domestic rubbish previously processed in the pre-separation section 12 shown in Figs.1 , 2 and 4 is expelled and discharged through an aperture 84" shown in Fig. 7d.
  • the solid material separated from the liquid part or viscous part of the waste is compacted or includes objects which exceed the dimensions of the aperture 108, the solid material will block the tapered output end of the conical housing parts 74" and generate a pressure, which pressure is counter-acted by helical springs 110 and 112 which act on the bodies 100 and 102, respectively, for maintaining the bodies in their mutual contacted positions shown in Figs. 7b and 7c, however allowing the bodies 100 and 102 to be separated from one another, as shown in Fig. 7a provided the pressure generated within the cylindrical separation housing part 74" exceeds the pressure set by the helical springs 110 and 112.
  • the helical springs 110 and 112 may be substituted by actuators and the shape of the aperture defined by the bodies 100 and 102 in the closed position shown in Figs. 7b and 7c may obviously be modified. Examples of modified embodiments having actuators for the movement of the closure elements are shown in Figs. 8 and 9.
  • closure bodies 100 and 102 shown in Figs. 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d are substituted by closure plate elements 100' and 102', respectively, and the helical springs 110 and 112 are substituted by actuators 114 and 116, respectively, which actuators operate the closure plate elements 100' and 102' for closing off or enlarging the aperture defined by the closure plate elements 100' and 102'.
  • the aperture defined by the two closure plate elements 100' and 102' is of a substantially rhombic configuration designated the reference numeral 108' as each of the two-plate elements have a triangular cut allowing the rhombic aperture 108' to be enlarged by the shifting of the closure plate elements 100' and 102' from the position shown in solid line in Fig. 8 to a position shown in dotted line in which the rhombic aperture 108' is converted into a hexagonal aperture.
  • the circular aperture of the conical housing part 74' is shown in dotted line and is designated the reference numeral 109.
  • a slightly modified embodiment of the liquid separator 16" shown in Figs. 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d is shown.
  • the helical springs 110 and 112 shown in Figs. 7a and 7b are substituted by pneumatic springs constituted by a pressurised air system.
  • the pressurised air system includes two pressurised air cylinders 114' and 116' which are connected to the closure bodies 100 and 102 through a pair of rods 118 and 120.
  • the pressurising chambers of the pressurised air cylinders 114' and 116' are through pressurised air tubes 122 and 124, respectively, connected to a pressurised air reservoir 126 which is supplied with pressurised air from a pressurised air generating compressor 128.
  • the pressurised air generating compressor 128 includes a controller 130 for the controlling of the pressure of the pressurised air within the pressurised air reservoir 126.
  • the pressurised air reservoir 126 is provided with a meter for disclosing the pressure prevailing within the pressurised air reservoir 126.
  • the worm or helical conveyors 52 and 54 of the pre-separation section 12 was constituted by two conveyors, each defining a length of 5 m and having a diameter of 40 cm.
  • the conveyors 52 and 54 were rotated at a rotational speed of approximately 100 rpm.
  • the conveyors were powered by two 10 kW motors.
  • the conveyor 30 was implemented by a 4.2 m worm or helical conveyor defining an aperture of the order of 24 cm.
  • the conveyor was powered by an 11 kW motor.
  • the conveyor 32 was constituted by a 2 m worm or helical conveyor, also defining an aperture of the order of 24 cm and was powered by a 5 kW motor.
  • the prototype liquid separator 11 was of the overall configuration shown in Fig. 16 and was powered by a 2.2 kW motor.
  • the conveyor for discharging the solid waste from the liquid separator was a 2.5 m worm or helical conveyor having an aperture of 18 cm and was powered by a 2.5 kW motor.
  • the apparatus was capable of handling 6 T waste per hour as a batch from a single lorry collecting domestic rubbish was treated for a period of time of approximately 1 hour before the processed waste which was kneaded and caused to fermentate at least partially was then transferred through the conveyors 30 and 32 to the liquid separator 16 which separated approximately 70% of the biological substance originally present in the domestic waste into the liquid part, which part in total constituted approximately 60% of the total weight of the original domestic rubbish.
  • the output from the apparatus was consequently approximately 3.5 T liquid including biologically degradable material and approximately 2.5 T combustible dry material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de séparation des déchets, notamment des ordures ménagères, en une masse liquide ou visqueuse, contenant des matières organiques, et une masse solide combustible. Ce procédé consiste à pétrir mécaniquement les déchets pendant une période prolongée. Ceux-ci sont alors déchiquetés mécaniquement et intimement mélangés pour favoriser leur dégradation biologique au cours d'un procédé aérobie de fermentation entraînant une réduction de la valeur du pH des déchets traités et une augmentation de leur teneur en eau. Ce procédé consiste ensuite à transférer les déchets traités à un séparateur de liquide et à trier mécaniquement les objets dont la taille dépasse une valeur maximale spécifique correspondant à la taille maximale pouvant être traitée par le séparateur de liquide. Le liquide est ensuite éliminé des déchets traités et triés à l'aide du séparateur de liquide pour obtenir la masse liquide ou visqueuse et la masse solide. La masse liquide est reçue du séparateur, puis transférée à un récepteur de liquide en vue de produire du biogaz. La masse solide est transférée à un four de combustion ou à un récipient à déchets. Par ailleurs, l'invention concerne un appareil de réalisation de ce procédé.
PCT/DK2001/000584 2000-09-11 2001-09-07 Procede et appareil de separation des dechets WO2002020187A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001287546A AU2001287546A1 (en) 2000-09-11 2001-09-07 A method and an apparatus for separating waste

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DKPA200001349 2000-09-11
DKPA200001349 2000-09-11

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WO2002020187A1 true WO2002020187A1 (fr) 2002-03-14

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1430953A2 (fr) * 2002-12-21 2004-06-23 Schraden Biogas GmbH&Co.KG Installation pour déballer et séparer des matières de produits alimentaires emballés et procédé associé
ITVI20080302A1 (it) * 2008-12-19 2010-06-20 Luciano Zoia Separatore centrifugo dei rifiuti besc
ITRE20090013A1 (it) * 2009-02-19 2010-08-20 Greenmec S R L Trasformazione della frazione umida organica dei rifiuti solidi urbani
WO2013008000A3 (fr) * 2011-07-12 2013-04-04 New Earth Advanced Thermal Technologies Limited Sortie à orifice variable pour compacteur de charge d'alimentation
CN106552807A (zh) * 2015-09-25 2017-04-05 天津德为环保工程设备有限公司 一种新型的生活垃圾的处理方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01236983A (ja) * 1988-03-15 1989-09-21 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 生ゴミ処理装置
JPH04284898A (ja) * 1991-03-13 1992-10-09 Meidensha Corp メタン発酵方法およびその装置
JPH04326994A (ja) * 1991-04-26 1992-11-16 Meidensha Corp メタン発酵方法及びその装置
US5782950A (en) * 1993-04-22 1998-07-21 Beg Bioenergie Gmbh Device and process for composting and wet fermentation of biological waste
EP1013350A2 (fr) * 1998-12-23 2000-06-28 Ewoc A/S Procédé et installation pour le traitement de déchets organiques municipaux

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01236983A (ja) * 1988-03-15 1989-09-21 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 生ゴミ処理装置
JPH04284898A (ja) * 1991-03-13 1992-10-09 Meidensha Corp メタン発酵方法およびその装置
JPH04326994A (ja) * 1991-04-26 1992-11-16 Meidensha Corp メタン発酵方法及びその装置
US5782950A (en) * 1993-04-22 1998-07-21 Beg Bioenergie Gmbh Device and process for composting and wet fermentation of biological waste
EP1013350A2 (fr) * 1998-12-23 2000-06-28 Ewoc A/S Procédé et installation pour le traitement de déchets organiques municipaux

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 017, no. 167 (C - 1043) 31 March 1993 (1993-03-31) *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1430953A2 (fr) * 2002-12-21 2004-06-23 Schraden Biogas GmbH&Co.KG Installation pour déballer et séparer des matières de produits alimentaires emballés et procédé associé
EP1430953A3 (fr) * 2002-12-21 2005-09-07 Schraden Biogas GmbH&Co.KG Installation pour déballer et séparer des matières de produits alimentaires emballés et procédé associé
ITVI20080302A1 (it) * 2008-12-19 2010-06-20 Luciano Zoia Separatore centrifugo dei rifiuti besc
ITRE20090013A1 (it) * 2009-02-19 2010-08-20 Greenmec S R L Trasformazione della frazione umida organica dei rifiuti solidi urbani
EP2221566A1 (fr) * 2009-02-19 2010-08-25 Greenmec S.r.l. Transformation d'une fraction organique humide de déchets solides municipaux
WO2013008000A3 (fr) * 2011-07-12 2013-04-04 New Earth Advanced Thermal Technologies Limited Sortie à orifice variable pour compacteur de charge d'alimentation
CN106552807A (zh) * 2015-09-25 2017-04-05 天津德为环保工程设备有限公司 一种新型的生活垃圾的处理方法

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