WO2002006611A1 - Shelter - Google Patents
Shelter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002006611A1 WO2002006611A1 PCT/GB2001/002870 GB0102870W WO0206611A1 WO 2002006611 A1 WO2002006611 A1 WO 2002006611A1 GB 0102870 W GB0102870 W GB 0102870W WO 0206611 A1 WO0206611 A1 WO 0206611A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- bags
- shelter
- filled
- lining
- bag
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/04—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against air-raid or other war-like actions
- E04H9/10—Independent shelters; Arrangement of independent splinter-proof walls
Definitions
- This invention relates to shelters, and in particular to shelters for hazardous environments, giving protection against blasts and small arms fire.
- a shelter comprising an arched lining forming at least a temporary support and an external elongate jacket of compartmented bags extending generally horizontally and filled with a filling material, the bags being closed apart from inlets through which the filling material is injected and being assembled with the compartments of each bag progressively spaced from the lining.
- fine particulate material is used.
- aggregate and concrete in pre- set slurry form can be pumped to fill bags, and it should be understood that the invention encompasses the use of such coarser materials. Fibres, or small pieces of cloth, might also be added to the mix.
- empty bags will be placed to encase it, and then at least some of the innermost compartments, starting at the lowermost bags and working up towards the crown of the arch, will be filled with filling material. Then the adjacent compartments are filled, and so on until the outermost ones are filled and the shelter is complete.
- the filling of one range of compartments may start before the next inner one has been completed, although that is not preferred, and certainly it must not overtake the filling of the inner compartments in the approach to the crown of the arch.
- the arch will generally be circular or elliptical, and the bags will preferably be shaped so that they resemble, in cross-section of the shelter, stones around the curve of a masonry arch. In other words they will be wedge-shaped.
- the material of the bags is a matter of choice, and while it is not required of the bags that they be liftable when filled with filling material, it will be preferred to have a strong, reinforced sheet material that could sustain the weight of the contents if lifted.
- the optimum material available at present is probably "Kevlar" TM, which has been established as being bullet proof, at least to a certain extent.
- the bags will be brought to the site empty, they will preferably be made as long as the shelter itself, so that assembly time is reduced to a minimum.
- the filling material will preferably be sand, which is often locally available. But circumstances may dictate the use of earth.
- the sand may be mixed with cement so that the jacket will solidify.
- the sand may be mixed with cement so that the jacket will solidify.
- the lining may be provided by various means.
- it could be pre-curved rigid sheet material such as corrugated iron, so that it would resemble a Nissen hut.
- rigid sheet material such as corrugated iron
- conventional centering could be employed which would have to be dismantled to make the shelter usable.
- a method of assembling a shelter wherein the lining is erected, the bags are arranged over it and interconnected, and the compartments are progressively filled from the innermost compartments of the lowest bags to the or each outer compartment at the crown of the arch, no compartment being filled until the next one or ones circumferentially lower and radially inner have been filled.
- a method of assembling a shelter wherein the lining is erected, the lowermost bags are positioned and filled from the innermost compartment outwards, the next lowermost bags are positioned and similarly filled, and so on to the crown of the arch.
- bags are filled in a progressive manner with a filling material such as sand or a settable material such as concrete, each bag being placed in conjunction with a filled bag before being filled itself.
- a filling material such as sand or a settable material such as concrete
- a barrier comprising courses of bags filled with filling material, the bags of at least one course being wider than the bags of the course below so that at least one side of the barrier has a corbelled out portion.
- the wider bags are divided by longitudinal webs into side-by-side compartments. These will be filled sequentially, the central ones, or those over the existing structure, being filled first to provide stability and a counterweight to the compartments that hang out beyond that existing structure.
- Such barriers can be constructed at the ends of the arched structures outlined above, to complete an all round shelter. But they could be quite independent.
- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a bag of trapezoidal cross-section
- Figure 2 shows the bags of Figure 1, divided into three compartments
- Figure 3 is a diagrammatic cross-section of a shelter showing steps in its construction
- Figure 4 is a detail of part of the shelter, in end view
- Figure 5 is a view in the direction A of figure 4,
- Figure 6 shows various arch structures to form the basis of the shelter
- Figure 7 shows details of anchoring the shelter to the ground
- Figure 8 shows an end view of a bag, for forming an arch as shown in Figure 10,
- Figure 9 shows another end view of a bag suitable for an arched structure shown in Figure 10,
- Figure 10 shows an arched structure
- Figure 11 shows a bag having interlocking portions
- Figure 12 shows a bag having corrugated sides
- Figure 13 shows end views of various wall barriers which can be used in conjunction with the shelter.
- the bags can be described as being of simple form, such as shown in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing.
- This is a perspective view of part of a bag 1 of trapezoidal cross-section suitable to form a voussoir, with tubular pockets 2 on the longitudinal edges to receive a rod (not shown) by which adjacent bags are interconnected.
- the bag is divided into three compartments by internal webs 3, as shown in Figure 2, which is an end view of the bag, pockets 2 omitted.
- An arched structure such as shown in Figure 3 could be built by such bags filled in a progressive manner.
- the shelter is constructed by filling bags 1 laid over an arched lining 2.
- the bags are all similar and are divided into three compartments by internal webs 3.
- the bags are slightly wedge-shaped so that they resemble stones following the curve of a masonry arch, and the webs 3 follow the curve of the arch so that there is an inner compartment 4, a middle compartment 5, and an outer compartment 6 in each bag.
- FIG 3 shows in Figure 3 as expanded almost to their eventual shape, when empty they will mostly collapse against the lining 2.
- the inner compartments 4 are filled first, starting from the lowermost bags 3 at the base of the arch. These are filled sequentially towards the crown of the arch until there is a complete, initial jacket of granular material around the lining. Then the middle compartments 5 are filled in the same way starting at the bottom and progressing to the crown. Finally, the outer compartments 6 are filled in a similar fashion.
- the filling material is preferably sand, and it may be hardened by adding cement, but not necessarily in every layer.
- Figure 4 shows two of the lowermost bags, and how they are linked together.
- the lowermost bag 3 has inner and outer sets of loops 7 of material on its upper side, and the next bag 3 has similar loops 8 on its underside which align with the loops 7 when the bags are correctly positioned.
- Rods, wire or rope 9 can then be inserted like a hinge pin through both sets of loops, firmly locking the bags together.
- the other bags are similarly interconnected.
- each compartment there is an inlet 10 through which the granular material can be pumped. Dry sand will flow quite easily and each compartment can be filled completely to form a substantially solid barrier.
- a hose could be inserted and led to the far end of the bag, and as it delivered material it would slowly be withdrawn. But this is not the only way, and it may be appropriate to have several entry points along each bag so that the filling is done in batches.
- Figure 6 shows some possible linings.
- a simple one in Figure 6(a) is curved sheet metal 11, and an alternative in Figure 6(b) is a set of metal framework arches 12 which can be arranged as a ribbed structure, the ribs being close enough to locate and support the bags laid over them. Once the bags are all filled these linings can either be removed or allowed to remain in place.
- wooden centering 13 locates and supports the bags during construction, and this must be dismantled once the bags are filled and self-supporting.
- Figure 7 shows how the base of the lining may be located.
- the ground may be dug away so that it is set down into a shallow trench whose walls will resist lateral expansion, as in Figure 7 (a) .
- ground anchorages 14 may be buried to prevent that lateral expansion, as in Figure 7 (b) .
- Another solution is to link the lowermost bags 3 by straps 15 or a sheet which will extend across the floor of the shelter, as in Figure 7 (c) .
- Figures 8 and 9 are end views of bags 4 suitable for an arched structure as shown in Figure 10. They are still divided by internal webs 5, but each compartment is offset from the next one circumferentially of the arch to give complementary stepped sides. That is, when similar bags are fitted around an arch the facing sides of adjacent bags interlock in tongue and groove manner.
- the inner compartment is narrower than the middle one, which in turn is narrower than the outer one, to take account of the curve of the arch.
- the square steps of the sides means that perhaps there will not be an exact fit between adjacent bags, but it will be good enough for most purposes. If a better fit is required, especially with arches of small radius, then the bags could be formed as in Figure 9 where the sides of the inner and outer compartments conform to the wedge shape of Figures 1 and 2.
- the sides of the middle compartment could also be inclined, but it is considered less important that they should be.
- bags that will interlock when filled more ambitious shapes than arches may be constructed, particularly using concrete or other hard-setting but previously pumpable material.
- temporary supports may be required, they will generally not need to be so elaborate as those required for normal poured concrete structures, and with quick-setting cement used in the mix they need only be in position for perhaps half an hour until the concrete is hard and the bag fixed. Even with a substantial overhang it will be safe to remove temporary supports for use elsewhere, by virtue of the mechanical interlock between bags. Shuttering is not required: its function is taken by the bags themselves, which remain in place after the filling material has set.
- the interlocking steps need not match the internal compartmentalising, as indicated by Figure 11, which is an end view of another bag, and the tongues and grooves could be dovetailed or otherwise shaped to give an even more positive link between bags.
- Figure 11 is an end view of another bag
- the tongues and grooves could be dovetailed or otherwise shaped to give an even more positive link between bags.
- a somewhat less positive link might be all that was necessary, such as the corrugated sides of the bags shown in end view in Figure 12.
- the webs that define the compartments are skew, but there is no real disadvantage in that.
- this conventional shape can be reversed, with the upper bags being corbelled out beyond the lower ones.
- the extra weight at the top takes more blast energy to disturb and the lower bags are more firmly compressed and solid.
- Figure 13(a) the lower part of a barrier has two courses of bags 16, each divided longitudinally and vertically by a web 17 into two compartments. These are surmounted by two courses of bags 18 and 19 each divided by webs 20 and 21 into three side- by-side longitudinal compartments.
- the bags 18 and 19 are recessed underneath so that the bags 18 will sit symmetrically like a saddle over the upper course of the bags 16 and the somewhat wider bag 19 will sit similarly over the bags 18.
- the bags 16 are in place and filled, the bags 18 are positioned and their central compartments filled. This gives sufficient counterweight for the outer compartments to be filled safely. Then the bags 19 are placed and filled in the same manner.
- Figure 13(b) shows an alternative, with three courses of two-compartment bags 16 and a top course of overhanging three-compartment bags 22.
- a corbelled wall is constructed by using bags of different widths, the narrowest bags 23 being at the bottom and the wall expanding via bags 24 and 25 to the top course of widest bags 26.
- the corbelling may be on one side only, to face the threatened blast, the other side being vertical.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
- Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
- Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT01943655T ATE274629T1 (en) | 2000-06-28 | 2001-06-28 | SHELTER |
AU2001266193A AU2001266193A1 (en) | 2000-06-28 | 2001-06-28 | Shelter |
EP01943655A EP1294997B1 (en) | 2000-06-28 | 2001-06-28 | Shelter |
DE60105159T DE60105159T2 (en) | 2000-06-28 | 2001-06-28 | REFUGE |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0015675.2 | 2000-06-28 | ||
GB0015675A GB0015675D0 (en) | 2000-06-28 | 2000-06-28 | Improvements relating to shelters |
GB0105963.3 | 2001-03-10 | ||
GB0105963A GB0105963D0 (en) | 2001-03-10 | 2001-03-10 | Improvements relating to shelters |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002006611A1 true WO2002006611A1 (en) | 2002-01-24 |
Family
ID=26244551
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB2001/002870 WO2002006611A1 (en) | 2000-06-28 | 2001-06-28 | Shelter |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20030145530A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1294997B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE274629T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2001266193A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60105159T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002006611A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2004088240A1 (en) * | 2003-04-04 | 2004-10-14 | Cintec International Limited | Impact absorbing structure |
GB2407039A (en) * | 2003-10-11 | 2005-04-20 | Cintec Int Ltd | Blast mitigation structure |
CN110331870A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-10-15 | 中国人民解放军陆军特种作战学院 | A kind of military protective room |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2517669A1 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-02-28 | Deltalok Inc. | Retaining wall constructed using sandbags |
US8402875B2 (en) | 2007-09-19 | 2013-03-26 | Roger DeGreef | Armor plated device |
DE102007000810A1 (en) | 2007-10-02 | 2009-04-23 | Philipp Hagenmeyer | Base component for a door or window comprises a sleeve in the shape of a truncated pyramid which has an equilateral triangle and a filler inserted into the sleeve |
DE202014100654U1 (en) | 2014-02-14 | 2014-04-10 | Mario Weist | Weatherproof cover made of biodegradable plastic and emergency shelter |
US9267308B2 (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2016-02-23 | Masaaki Kojima | Tent |
USD783110S1 (en) | 2015-10-01 | 2017-04-04 | Sandbag Store, LLC | Shooter's sandbag |
USD953140S1 (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2022-05-31 | Whirlpool Corporation | Handle |
US10415265B1 (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2019-09-17 | Gang Liang | Convertible protective shelter |
CN108316735B (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2024-04-26 | 北京理工大学 | Flexible composite explosion-proof retaining wall |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3886751A (en) * | 1973-11-12 | 1975-06-03 | Jimenez Labora Mauricio Porraz | Aquatic construction module and method of forming thereof |
US3922832A (en) * | 1967-09-18 | 1975-12-02 | Edward T Dicker | Construction method of assembling bagged, settable modules |
US5611178A (en) * | 1994-04-08 | 1997-03-18 | Constructions Industrielles De La Mediterranee - Cnim | Device forming an underground shelter for the protection of persons and method for making same |
US5934027A (en) * | 1998-02-19 | 1999-08-10 | Khalili; Ebrahim Nader | Earthquake resistant building structure employing sandbags |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1777926A (en) * | 1929-01-29 | 1930-10-07 | Sackoncrete Company | Masonry construction |
US3213628A (en) * | 1960-08-11 | 1965-10-26 | Herman M Serota | Water filled plastic dam structure |
CH514036A (en) * | 1970-06-12 | 1971-10-15 | Heierli Werner | Tunneling method |
US4102138A (en) * | 1974-06-12 | 1978-07-25 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | Method for closing off a mine gallery especially for use to prevent spreading of underground explosions |
US4486121A (en) * | 1982-04-15 | 1984-12-04 | Ercon Corporation | Stabilization against water erosion |
US6334736B1 (en) * | 1997-07-30 | 2002-01-01 | Aqua Levee, Llc | Flood barrier |
-
2001
- 2001-06-28 US US10/312,736 patent/US20030145530A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-06-28 EP EP01943655A patent/EP1294997B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-28 AT AT01943655T patent/ATE274629T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-06-28 DE DE60105159T patent/DE60105159T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-28 AU AU2001266193A patent/AU2001266193A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-06-28 WO PCT/GB2001/002870 patent/WO2002006611A1/en active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3922832A (en) * | 1967-09-18 | 1975-12-02 | Edward T Dicker | Construction method of assembling bagged, settable modules |
US3886751A (en) * | 1973-11-12 | 1975-06-03 | Jimenez Labora Mauricio Porraz | Aquatic construction module and method of forming thereof |
US5611178A (en) * | 1994-04-08 | 1997-03-18 | Constructions Industrielles De La Mediterranee - Cnim | Device forming an underground shelter for the protection of persons and method for making same |
US5934027A (en) * | 1998-02-19 | 1999-08-10 | Khalili; Ebrahim Nader | Earthquake resistant building structure employing sandbags |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2004088240A1 (en) * | 2003-04-04 | 2004-10-14 | Cintec International Limited | Impact absorbing structure |
GB2407039A (en) * | 2003-10-11 | 2005-04-20 | Cintec Int Ltd | Blast mitigation structure |
GB2407039B (en) * | 2003-10-11 | 2005-12-14 | Cintec Int Ltd | Improvements in and relating to blast mitigation structures |
CN110331870A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-10-15 | 中国人民解放军陆军特种作战学院 | A kind of military protective room |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60105159T2 (en) | 2005-09-08 |
US20030145530A1 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
DE60105159D1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
AU2001266193A1 (en) | 2002-01-30 |
EP1294997B1 (en) | 2004-08-25 |
ATE274629T1 (en) | 2004-09-15 |
EP1294997A1 (en) | 2003-03-26 |
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