RU2747892C1 - Fortification structure of increased protection - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: military science.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of military science and more specifically to military fortifications for the protection of personnel, weapons, military and special equipment used in engineering equipment of positions of troops and solving problems in advance preparation of the country's territorial defense, arrangement of positions of air defense and aerospace forces, for ensuring their increased protection from being hit by modern high-precision missile weapons, reconnaissance and strike systems, small-sized combat drones and patrolling ammunition. The fortification structure of increased protection consists of dredging bags, which are made in form of small-sized containers made of technical filtering fibrous fabric due to the sewing of the bottom with the turn of the corners and the sewing of the valve device with an apron, filled with cement-sand concrete with crushed stone in the form of a plastic dough, which after being laid in a row into the wall structure (7) and on the ceiling (8), when compacted by ramming, it releases an astringent cement gel, enveloping the shell from the outside with accumulation on the surface of the lower row, filling cracks and irregularities. Every four to five radians are additionally reinforced with steel rods (10) and metal meshes (11).

EFFECT: invention is aimed at obtaining a single monolithic structure with high tactical and technical characteristics, increasing protective properties of such structures against modern means of destruction of the enemy.

1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of military affairs, and more specifically to military fortifications for the protection of personnel, weapons, military and special equipment used in engineering equipment of positions of troops and solving problems in advance preparation of the country's territorial defense, arrangement of positions of air defense and aerospace forces, for ensuring their increased protection against damage by modern high-precision missile weapons, reconnaissance and strike complexes, small-sized combat drones and patrolling ammunition.

Known device "Prefabricated reinforced concrete structure CSS" - an analogue (Manual "Military fortifications", Military Publishing House, M ..., 1984, pp. 234-237), consisting of a working room, assembled from reinforced concrete ribbed semi-arches of pointed shape, foundation elements, reinforced concrete ribbed floor elements and end flat reinforced concrete elements, as well as a dead-end entrance and an extension for the filtering unit, made of reinforced concrete frame-type elements and small flat elements.

The disadvantages of such a device are the need to develop special technological equipment for its early production at the factories of reinforced concrete structures and create stocks of sets in the military districts, ensuring their storage and timely delivery to the regions for their intended use using lifting equipment and transport trucks.

It is also known the device "Shelter for 20 people with an entrance equipped with UTKV" - a prototype ("Instructions for the use of paper dredging bags and curved reinforced shells in the construction of fortifications", Military Publishing House, M ..., 1963, pp. 48-57), consisting from side, end walls and ceilings made of straight and curved dredging bags, a hermetic wooden partition and a universal fabric-frame entrance UTKV.

The disadvantages of this device are the high labor intensity of construction due to the work on filling the bags manually, low protective and strength properties, including durability and service life, especially in adverse climatic conditions.

The task of the proposed technical solution is to increase the protective properties of military fortifications against modern means of engaging the enemy. The relevance of such structures is due to the decline, over the past 20-30 years, in the level of effective protection of troops in comparison with the increased capabilities of modern weapons, combined together with the aerospace reconnaissance complex into a single automated control system. In addition, the complexity of the task is also caused by the past changes in the strategy and tactics of warfare, as well as in the nature and scale of modern wars almost simultaneously throughout the entire territory of the state, without marking the front edge, front line and rear. At the same time, the almost complete decommissioning of structures of increased strength from metal and reinforced concrete structures significantly reduced the protection and stability of troops in defensive operations. In these conditions, the use of modern innovative developments of materials and technologies to increase the protection of troops and the effectiveness of the use of weapons, combat and special equipment is an important timely technical solution to ensure the renewal of the nomenclature of structures with promising means of fortification protection corresponding to the level of technology development of the XXI century.

The solution to the problem of increasing the protective properties of fortifications, reliability, long-term ™ and the duration of operation, including under unfavorable climatic conditions, by increasing the strength of the main structural elements of load-bearing walls and floors, can be achieved:

- production of dredging bags in the form of small containers using innovative technology and materials from modern technical filter fabrics;

- production of rectangular tissue containers with a valve device to provide convenience and fast mechanized filling of the filler:

- the inclusion of the main components in the filler: water, cementitious material, sand and gravel in a ratio of about 1-2-4-6 (water-cement-sand-gravel), depending on their quality and the specified strength of structures:

- layering containers with careful sealing to displace air and cement gel formed as a result of the chemical reaction of hydrolysis and hydration, which, protruding outward, envelops the fiber of the tissue shell with a protective durable layer, and also accumulates on the bottom row, filling gaps and irregularities, thereby provides solidity and strength of the structure:

- additional reinforcement of wall and floor structures due to the use of steel rods, laying of metal nets or nets made of synthetic materials with an enlarged mesh:

- the inclusion of additives to reduce the time of concrete hardening, including in cold weather:

- providing favorable technological conditions for concrete hardening in a humid environment at a positive temperature to increase its strength properties.

Military fortifications erected in this way acquire an integral monolithic high-strength structure with high physical and mechanical properties.

The essence of the proposed invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict: Fig. 1 - shows a general view of a small-sized container made of technical filter cloth; in fig. 2 - shows the sequential stacking of containers with concrete compaction by ramming and release of the cementitious binder gel outward; in fig. 3 - shows a general view of a fragment of the protective wall of open-type fortifications (a trench or shelter for military and special equipment, a section of a trench or a communication route, a gap for the protection of personnel, etc.), erected using small-sized containers; in fig. 4 shows a cross-section of a structure for the protection of personnel, such as a dugout (shelter) with an overlap made of elements of fortification corrugated steel; in fig. 5 and 6 show, respectively, a variant of the plan and section of a closed-type fortification structure of increased protection and comfort with an increased usable area; in fig. 7 - shows a cross-section of a group shelter for special samples of weapons of radio-technical units of the Aerospace Forces (VKS).

The declared fortification structure of increased protection (Fig. 1-7), consisting of dredging bags, differs in that the bags are made in it in the form of small containers 1 made of technical filtering fibrous fabric 2 due to the sewing of the bottom 3 with turning the corners and sewing the valve device 4 with an apron 5, filled with cement-sand concrete 6 with crushed stone, in the form of a plastic dough, which, after being laid in a row in the wall structure 7 and on the ceiling 8, when compacted by ramming, releases an astringent cement gel 9, enveloping the outside of the fabric shell with accumulation on the surface of the lower rows, filling gaps and irregularities, while every four to five radians are additionally reinforced with steel rods 10 and metal meshes 11, which ultimately provides a single monolithic structure with high tactical and technical characteristics.

For the manufacture of the proposed device, a ready-made tubular woven synthetic material is used, which is cut into separate sections with a thermal knife, depending on the size of the container. Each section from one end (bottom) is stitched with a connecting seam 3 simultaneously with turning the corners (Fig. 1) to form a rectangular container base. In this case, a valve device 4 in the form of a cover with an apron 5 is sewn to the opposite end. To fill the container 1 with cement-sand concrete 6, the apron 5 of the valve device 4 is extended to form an opening of 180 × 180 mm. Concrete mix 6 is fed into the opening directly from the concrete mixer using a tray (chute) or a pump sleeve. The container is filled to 80-90% so that when stacked in order (Fig. 2) with sealing in the wall structure and on the ceiling, it takes the form of a building block 12 with dimensions of 600 × 350 × 100 mm.

For the construction of various types of fortifications, two crews of six and four people are assigned. In this case, the first calculation ensures the filling of containers with concrete and their transfer to the second calculation for orderly placement in protective structures. The second calculation makes stacking and compaction of containers with feet or additionally uses a rammer 13 (Fig. 2), weighing 10-15 kg. When concrete of the required consistency is compacted through the pores of the container, an astringent cement gel 9 is released to the outside together with air, which envelops the synthetic shell 2, filling voids and irregularities, both in the row and between the rows. At the same time, the synthetic filter cloth is at the same time a reinforcing cage for the hardening of concrete. After laying four to five rows of containers in the structure of the walls (Figs. 3, 4, 6 and 7), they are fixed with steel rods 10, driven through 80-100 cm, and a metal or synthetic mesh 11 is additionally laid on top. Then, after laying the last row throughout the structure of the structure, the concrete is covered with a film and within a short time, up to one day, its hardening is ensured. At this time, work is being carried out in other areas in accordance with the construction plan of the facility. Upon completion, in accordance with the established procedure, the erection of the structure of the wall 7 of an open-type structure (Fig. 3), a parapet is formed, loopholes are equipped, and measures are taken to camouflage. When erecting closed-type fortifications (Fig. 4-7), reinforced concrete slabs, curved corrugated steel, metal and wooden beams are used for the construction of floors, which are reinforced from above with one or three rows of containers 1 with concrete 6, depending on the importance of the object, and covered with waterproofing material 14 before soil embankment 15.

Small-sized fabric containers 1 filled with cement-sand concrete 6, taking into account the current level of technology development, can be widely used in engineering equipment of positions of troops, first of all, with advance fortification preparation of territorial defense, both in peacetime and in wartime, in including when equipping checkpoints, military bases, field airfields, temporary military camps, as well as military training grounds and training centers. Such concrete structures provide high protection and long-term operation of fortifications, up to 10-15 years, with minimal maintenance and repair costs. During this time, the strength of the concrete does not decrease, but increases. In this case, the following structures of increased protection can be erected:

- trenches for shooting small arms;

- trenches (shelters) for combat and special equipment;

- closed structures for the protection of personnel (blocked gaps, dugouts and shelters);

- sections of trenches and communication passages;

- shelters for ammunition and material and technical means;

- structures for control points, medical centers;

- closed structures of increased comfort for command posts, field hospitals, barracks-hostels, canteens, etc.

Small-sized fabric containers 1 can be used for the erection of military fortifications (Fig. 3-7) of a pit or semi-buried type, as well as in special conditions, on the surface of the earth, with their dumping with soil. For the construction of structures, first, a site is selected that is convenient for excavation using engineering equipment, as well as providing the possibility of using lifting equipment and delivering ready-made concrete by truck concrete mixers (concrete mixers). After the preparation of the construction site and the marking of the structures in the plan, they are erected in accordance with the technical documentation. The construction of structures of any design includes the device of protective walls 7 (Fig. 2-7), which may include the installation of fabric containers in one or two rows. At the same time, the preparation of concrete of the required quality and consistency is carried out both at stationary and with the help of mobile concrete plants deployed directly at the construction site, in the field. In addition, at present, the mass production of concrete is carried out at concrete dispensing units, which are provided by public and private construction organizations, as well as legal entities and individuals with any assortment of concrete or cement-sand mortar. Delivery of concrete to the facility under construction is carried out by road concrete mixers, which are equipped with a sleeve or chute (chute) for unloading concrete into containers or other containers directly at the construction site of the fortification.

When constructing dugouts and shelters for the protection of personnel, as well as closed fortifications of increased comfort (Fig. 4-6) with an increased usable area for equipping the entrances to them, corresponding embedded parts 16 are provided for fastening the door blocks 17. In this case, the frames of the door blocks are recessed (embedded) 3-4 cm directly into the wall structure to ensure tightness and strength of the fastening. Before installing the floor, the earthen floor is insulated from moisture with a waterproofing material 18, covered with a layer of concrete screed 19 up to 5 cm thick, reinforced with a metal mesh of a welded or knitted structure. On top of the concrete screed, if necessary, a wooden floor covered with linoleum or laminate can be installed. To increase the protective properties of especially important fortifications (Fig. 5, 6), a protective concrete mattress 20 from one or two rows of containers 1 can be arranged over them.

The high technical level of structures of increased protection, erected from small-sized fabric containers filled with concrete, in comparison with existing counterparts, used bags filled with soil, makes it necessary to develop a set of design documentation and draw up a detailed schedule of construction work, strictly linked to the supply of building materials and the time parameters for the use of ready-made concrete and the timing of its hardening. In this case, the following requirements must be taken into account: the time for unloading the concrete mixer according to the norms should not exceed 30 minutes; the time for filling fabric containers with concrete with their laying and sealing in the structure is within 10 minutes. It is advisable to use sand for the preparation of a concrete mixture of a coarse-grained fraction from 1.5 to 5.0 mm with a minimum inclusion of clay.

When erecting military fortifications of increased protection, in order to reduce material and financial costs, it is advisable to use concretes made from ASG (sand and gravel mixture), mined directly in quarries or in river beds. Such concrete can be supplied to the construction site in a ready-made form for mechanized filling of containers using a concrete mixer with subsequent placement in protective structures. If necessary, concrete from ASG can be dry loaded into containers for delivery to the construction site, where, before use, it is moistened by irrigation or dipping into a container with water. In addition, dry concrete from ASG can be delivered to the construction site using dump trucks, where it is unloaded into filling bins or dump, like ordinary dry sand. After that, the concrete is packaged in containers, which, after moistening to the required consistency, are placed in protective walls with a seal. However, in windy conditions, it is advisable to use rigid concretes made from ASG with a minimum addition of water, in which, when delivered by dump trucks and stored at the construction site, cement and sand are not blown out, and dust formation does not occur when filling containers. In addition, when placing such concrete in protective structures, not a large amount of additional moisture is required.

The advantages of the proposed technical solution in comparison with the structures of known analogs, erected using conventional bags filled with soil, are:

- increased efficiency of combat use of structures to protect personnel, weapons, combat and special equipment;

- increased resistance of the structure to shock effects and resistance to the penetration of bullets and fragments;

- simplicity and convenience of erecting structures of various types of fortifications without the use of scaffolding and formwork, as well as the use of a special reinforcing cage;

- reliability, stability, and spatial stiffness of structures after concrete curing;

- resistance of the structure to ultraviolet radiation, open flames and exposure to chemicals;

- durability of structures and the possibility of long-term operation with minimal costs for maintenance and repair;

- the possibility of increasing the strength properties due to the additional use of steel rods, metal or synthetic meshes, as well as improving the technology of erection of structures;

- the possibility of erecting in the field the structures of fortifications of increased protection and comfort, characterized by a large usable area.

In addition, the advantage of the proposed design is provided not only by high physical and mechanical properties, but also by the possibility of widespread use in the construction of special facilities in mine workings, in road construction to strengthen slopes and the construction of hydraulic culverts, as well as in the construction of protective dams and drainage channels. ...

Fortifications of increased protection with a guaranteed service life of at least 10 years are now advisable to use for fortification equipment of positions of troops in areas with an unstable military-political situation, especially near the borders from aggressive countries, NATO members, as well as to cover borders for The Far East, Sakhalin, Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands.

The readiness of the proposed technical device for use in the construction of fortifications of increased protection is confirmed by the presence of domestic innovative developments of technical filter fabrics and the mastered technology of their industrial production from high-strength synthetic materials, established mass mechanized production of cement-sand concrete mixtures with the inclusion of crushed stone at stationary or small mobile concrete plants deployed in the field directly at the construction site of a military facility, as well as the possibility of supplying concretes of the required assortment, including concretes from ASGs, with numerous distribution concrete units.

Theoretical studies, calculations of tactical and technical characteristics, as well as the results of an experimental test of a fragment of the structure of a fortification with increased protection show that, according to the main criterion for assessing "efficiency of use - cost", its main parameters exceed existing analogues by about five times.

Claims (1)

A fortification structure of increased protection, consisting of dredging bags, characterized in that the bags are made in it in the form of small containers made of technical filtering fibrous fabric due to the sewing of the bottom with turning the corners and sewing the valve device with an apron, filled with cement-sand concrete with crushed stone in the form plastic dough, which, after being stacked in a row in the wall structure and on the ceiling, when compacted by ramming, releases an astringent cement gel that envelops the shell from the outside with accumulation on the surface of the lower row, filling cracks and irregularities, while every four to five radians are additionally reinforced with steel rods and metal nets.

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