JP2548857B2 - Reinforced soil structure and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to reinforced soil structures, and more particularly to reinforced soil structures having a load bearing envelope.

[0002]

Prior art and

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]
Well developed and well established in the construction field. This technique strengthens the soil by the cooperation of the soil particles and the reinforcing material to make it a sticky soil with high strength and stability. The tensile stresses are transferred via friction to the reinforcement, which improves the mechanical properties of the soil. The finished surface, which usually consists of interconnected panels, imparts an aesthetically pleasing appearance and also serves as a fixture for the reinforcement members. Such fortified soils have a cohesive gravitational mass that can be designed for different load bearing conditions. Reinforced soils have also been used to hold walls and abutments in highway projects along with other civil engineering areas such as sea walls, dams and large storage facilities. Israel Patent No. 21009 discloses a distinctive method of designing and providing fortified soil as a construction technique. In particular, the reinforced soil structure consists of a mass of particles, usually extracted from natural soil, and a reinforcing strap embedded in this mass. Reinforcement straps stabilize the structure by making frictional contact with soil particles. The free vertical plane of the reinforcement structure faces the envelope for holding the particles.
Since the particles are located near the free surface, they do not undergo the friction holding effect of the reinforcing strap. The above-mentioned patents disclose a jacket in which members of U cross section are superposed and the flanges of the members are adjacent to each other.

Israeli Patent No. 35046 discloses a plate or slab-shaped jacket member which has means for securing the ends of the reinforcing straps thereto. Each slab further comprises an edge that allows relative movement between adjacent slabs and a seal to prevent soil particles from passing between adjacent slabs. Israel Patent No. 50515 discloses a special type of reinforcing strap. The straps have ribs arranged laterally along their entire length to enhance friction with the soil and to improve the structural reinforcement of the reinforced soil. Nowadays,
Slabs of the type disclosed in Israel Pat. No. 35046 are the most common casings for reinforced soil structures.
These slab jackets typically connect the edges of one slab to one another by engaging the edges of one slab with the edges of an adjacent slab by a tongue and groove arrangement. Reinforced soil can thus be provided with vertical end faces for more than 20 meters and has a jacket or finishing surface with concrete slabs laminated together up to the top of the structure. Each concrete slab acts as a barrier to the lateral displacement of the soil adjacent to it and is secured to the soil via a reinforcing strap.

European Patent 0115912 discloses a precast concrete wall facing member for reinforced soil adapted to accommodate a protective covering for plants. EP 0113543 relates to an abutment of reinforced soil with a vertical finish of the slab, where the vertical load on the deck is supported by independent support means. In none of the above mentioned patents is the precast concrete wall used as a vertical bearing structure.

[0005]

Concrete slab jackets have hitherto been used exclusively as finishing surfaces for reinforced structures. It was believed that the jacket could not support vertical loads because the outer members were joined by flexible joints. All vertical loads on the reinforced soil structure were either applied to the soil on the back of the jacket or transported to the lower layers by other means such as piles or stanchions.

Applicants have discovered that a suitable jacket of the reinforced soil structure can function as a load bearing wall that can accept vertical loads. Horizontal forces within the straps secured to the jacket member are converted into vertical reactions which cause the separate members to experience substantially vertical forces with very small deflections within tolerance. Further, it has been found that the jacket member subjected to vertical support loads is less likely to collapse when subjected to internal and external explosive forces. The vertical force on the member is converted by friction into a horizontal reaction, which increases the resistance to horizontal displacement of the jacket member.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a vertical load bearing soil structure in which vertical loads are supported by a reinforced soil concrete slab jacket. Another object of the invention is to provide a protective structure using a load-bearing concrete slab jacket to support a substantially loaded roof. Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a construction method for causing a concrete slab jacket of reinforced soil structure to function as a bearing wall.

According to the present invention there is provided a vertical load bearing soil structure, the vertical load being supported by a concrete slab jacket of said soil soil structure, said jacket being at least 2
Composed of layers of concrete slabs. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the concrete slabs of the jacket are interconnected. Applicants have found that a suitable envelope of reinforced soil structure not only prevents lateral displacement of adjacent soil as a finishing surface to secure the straps, but also acts as a vertical bearing wall. In this case, the wall deforms vertically, but consists of a number of layers arranged on top of each other.

Further, it has been found that concrete roof structures supported by reinforced soil concrete slabs are less likely to collapse when subjected to both internal and external blasts.

[0010]

1 is a plan view and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a rectangular load bearing soil structure according to the present invention. This structure has three vertical walls 20,
21 and 22, each wall consisting of three rows 24, 25, 26 of precast concrete slab jackets secured in place by reinforcing straps 27 covered with soil 28.
Each slab interlocks with each other both horizontally and vertically (Fig. 4). A concrete roof 29 is formed in place and supported only by the walls 20, 21, 22. The entire structure is covered with soil 30 to keep out air.
The precast concrete slab used to form the load bearing wall is of a conventional type having crossed and interlocking shapes (FIG. 4), and in this embodiment the wall 20 comprises several known basic shapes. It is composed of individual slabs 1 to 12. Therefore, for example, the slab 4 has a basic shape such that the slab 4 is combined with adjacent slabs on four sides. The slabs 3 and 5 are upper and lower slabs, respectively, and are provided with smoothly finished upper and lower edges, respectively.

The detailed structure of the slab 4 is shown in FIG. The cross-section joints 31, 32, 33, 34 have tongues 35 that engage adjacent slabs at corresponding grooves 36 in the tongue and groove arrangement. As is clear from FIG. 6, the clasp 3
7 is embedded in the concrete slab 4 and the clasp 3
7 is provided with a flexible reinforcing strap 38 via a bolt 39.
Has been fixed. A horizontal steel plate flange 40 is provided at the connection between the jacket element and the strap to further improve the interaction between the horizontal force exerted by the strap and the resistance to vertical forces applied to the jacket element. are doing. Thus, by using a jacket with a horizontal flange,
Not only the horizontal deformation of the structure exposed to the blast but also the vertical strain under the vertical static load can be further reduced, and the vertical bearing wall can be constructed without the foundation.

As mentioned above, the technology of reinforced soil structures to support loads using reinforced soil is known, and a concrete slab jacket for retaining the walls of such structures is disclosed in Israel Patent No. 35046. ing. Conventionally,
None have considered it feasible to use the concrete slab cladding itself as a vertical load bearing structural element. To demonstrate the advantages of the present invention, experiments were conducted in which the explosive device was detonated in soil outside the structure covered by reinforced soil as shown in FIGS. That is, the length is 7.35 m, the width is 5.34 m, and the height is 3 m.
The size of the representative slab 4 shown in x = 1.335 m,
And y = 1.505 m. At the position of code E in the above structure (FIGS. 1 and 4), T having a standard storage content of 30 tons
A certain amount of TNT is exploded to simulate NT, and the effect of the blast on the wall 20 of FIG. 4 is shown in FIGS.
Shown in 7 to 12 show lines aa and a of FIG. 4, respectively.
It is sectional drawing of the wall part along bb, cc, dd, ee, and ff. It can be said that although the individual jacket members are moving, the structure as a whole retains its integrity and the roof remains supported by the jacket wall. The wall members 11, 8, 9 (Figs. 7 and 8) closest to the blast source are 65.5 cm and 71.1 cm from their original vertical position.
It can be seen that the maximum displacement (m and n) was received. Nonetheless, these members are totally unbroken and remain connected to adjacent members, providing sufficient support to the roof 29 to prevent its collapse. The displacement of the envelope wall decreases as the distance from the blast source E increases (FIGS. 9-12), and the distances o, p, q, r, s, t are 57.3, 38, 47.6, respectively. 28, 17.1, 6.2
It was cm. The slab bends but does not collapse due to the blast, and the combined structure of the jackets provides sufficient flexibility to absorb the impact and simply displace the slab. The slab remains fixed in the reinforced soil.

If the above explosion occurs in a structure of the same size with a conventional concrete wall that supports a concrete roof, the wall collapses and the roof collapses, and the structure is used as a means of ensuring safety. It is not possible. Therefore, according to the present invention, it becomes possible to quickly construct a heavy roofed structure at low cost for other safety structures such as an ammunition storage and a bomb shelter. Further, these structures can withstand internal and external blasts more than conventional structures, thus allowing the ammunition depots of the above structures to be placed at shorter intervals relative to one another. This is because debris and impact forces from internal explosions spread over a much shorter distance.

Similarly, the interior of these structures can better absorb the impact of external explosions, thus significantly reducing the flying of debris inside. Thus, the bomb shelter formed with the above structure can safely lay stone tile flooring. This is something that conventional bomb shelters could not do. Another application of the present invention is to be able to arrange abutments with shorter spans. This saves the laborious laying of support platforms currently required to support loads on reinforced soil.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described embodiments, and that the present invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Ah Therefore, this example is not limitative in all respects, and the scope of the present invention is indicated by the scope of the claims rather than the above description, and the meaning of the equivalent of each claim and It includes all changes that are in scope.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a preferred reinforced soil structure according to the present invention.

2 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of FIG. 1 taken along line 1-1.

3 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of FIG. 1 taken along line 2-2.

FIG. 4 is a detailed view of the bearing wall of the reinforced soil envelope.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a standard-type concrete slab member used to cover the reinforced soil of FIG.

6 is an enlarged view of part A of FIG. 5, showing the means for fixing the reinforcing straps to the concrete slab.

7 is a diagram showing the variation of the concrete slab member of the wall of FIG. 4 after an explosion in the soil outside the structure.

FIG. 8 shows the variation of the concrete slab member of the wall of FIG. 4 after an explosion in the soil outside the structure.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the variation of the concrete slab member of the wall of FIG. 4 after an explosion in soil outside the structure.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the variation of the concrete slab member of the wall of FIG. 4 after an explosion in soil outside the structure.

11 is a diagram showing the variation of the concrete slab member of the wall of FIG. 4 after an explosion in the soil outside the structure.

FIG. 12 shows the variation of the concrete slab member of the wall of FIG. 4 after an explosion in the soil outside the structure.

[Explanation of symbols]

 4 ... Slab 20, 21, 22 ... Vertical wall 24, 25, 26 ... Slab layer 27 ... Reinforcing strap 28, 30 ... Soil 29 ... Roof 37 ... Clasp 39 ... Bolt 40 ... … Flange

Claims (9)

(57) [Claims] 1. Reinforced soil comprising walls 20, 21, and 22, a vertically-loaded roof 29, and a reinforced soil filling structure 28 in contact with and extending in the same plane as said wall, said reinforced soil extending from said walls. A structure having a plurality of outwardly extending flexible stiffening straps 27 within a filling structure 28, wherein said walls are at least two load layers 24 of sequentially arranged combination concrete slabs 1-12. Two
5,26, which has a jacket for a reinforced soil filling structure 28 forming a 5,26, vertical load from the roof on a wall supported only by the jacket and the wall is subjected to an explosive force, Concrete slab 1-12
Has a sufficient flexibility to absorb the explosive force by the displacement of the concrete slabs 1 to 12 and properly supports the roof 29. 2. At least two of said walls 20, 21,
The reinforced soil structure of claim 1, wherein 22 supports the roof 29. 3. The reinforced soil structure according to claim 2, wherein the roof 29 is a concrete roof. 4. Reinforced soil structure according to claim 3, characterized in that the roof 29 has soil filled on a concrete roof. 5. The concrete slab 1 for combination as described above
To 12 have horizontal flanges, the reinforced soil structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4. 6. The fortified soil structure according to claim 1, wherein the fortified soil structure is used in a shelter. 7. The reinforced soil structure according to claim 1, wherein the reinforced soil structure is used in a storage place for explosives. 8. The reinforced soil structure according to claim 1, wherein the reinforced soil structure is used in a bridge. 9. Forming walls 20, 21, 22;
Forming a reinforced soil filling structure 28 that contacts the wall and extends coplanarly and providing a plurality of outwardly extending flexible reinforcing straps 27 in the reinforced soil filling structure 28. A method of manufacturing a structure for supporting a roof 29 that receives a vertical load, wherein the walls are concrete slabs 1 to 1 sequentially arranged.
At least two load layers 24, 25, 2 of concrete slabs by stacking two concrete adjoining concrete slabs to stack the concrete slabs to form a jacket
6, the vertical force from the roof is applied to the vertical load from the roof at the wall supported only by the jacket, and the clad is fixed by the reinforcing strap 27 fixed to the clad, so that the wall receives the explosive force. When received, concrete slab 1-12
Has a flexibility sufficient to absorb the explosive force by the displacement of the concrete slabs 1 to 12 and appropriately supports the roof 29.