WO2002006411A1

WO2002006411A1 - Use of heteroxylans for preparing film-forming compositions

Info

Publication number: WO2002006411A1
Application number: PCT/FR2001/002313
Authority: WO
Inventors: Denis Despre; Francis Royer
Original assignee: Ulice (Unite De Laboratoire Pour L'innovation Dans Les Cereales)
Priority date: 2000-07-18
Filing date: 2001-07-17
Publication date: 2002-01-24
Also published as: FR2811998B1; AU2001277596A1; FR2811998A1

Abstract

The invention concerns the use of heteroxylans for preparing film-forming compositions designed to wrap food products, pharmaceutical products, chemical products or agro-based products.

Description

USE OF HETEROXYLANES FOR THE PREPARATION OF FILM-FORMING COMPOSITIONS

The present invention relates to the use of heteroxylans for the preparation of film-forming compositions intended for covering products, in particular edible products such as food or pharmaceutical products, or agricultural products such as seeds.

Heteroxylans are present in large quantities in corn bran (peripheral part of corn kernels), by-products of the semolina industry, but they are also found in significant quantities in rye and rice bran. The majority of ^'the corn bran is currently used for animal feed, and a very small amount is used as a source of dietary fiber. Corn bran consists mainly of cellulose (10 to 20%) and heteroxylans (40 to 50%). High extraction yields (up to 90%>) of the heteroxylans contained in corn bran, can be obtained without apparent decrease in the molecular weight of the polymer.

Heteroxylans are generally extracted in an alkaline medium; according to variants of the heteroxylan extraction process, three main categories of heteroxylans can be obtained, namely grade C, B or A heteroxylans, corresponding respectively to unpurified, moderately purified and very purified products.

Heteroxylans are plant polysaccharides, located in cell walls (parietal polysaccharides) and belonging to the hemicellulose group. These are the most abundant non-cellulosic wall polysaccharides. The structure of heteroxylans is shown in Figure 1. They include; a linear skeleton of xylopyranoses linked in β 1-4 substituted by side chains, of variable nature and number. The β 1-4 type glycolic bond provides the chain with a relatively wide conformation. The helical conformation of xylan β 1-4 is more flexible than that of cellulose, despite a similarity of xylose and glucose, because it is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond while there are two in the case cellulose. This bond is established between the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group in position 3 of a xylose residue, and the oxygen in position 5 of the following cycle. When the xyloses are substituted, they are substituted on their oxygen in position 3 and more rarely on their oxygen in position 2. The nature of the side chains, their proportion and their mode of connection to the xylose skeleton are structural elements which differ from one heteroxylan to another.

In the heteroxylans originating from corn bran, xylose constitutes approximately half of the dares represented, arabinose approximately one third, hence their name of arabinoxylans. Galactose, glucuronic acid and feralic acid are the other constituents. The molar mass of heteroxylans varies between 100,000 and 250,000 g / mol, this variability being explained in particular by differences in the extraction method used or, in the analysis method used to determine the sugars making up the heteroxylan analyzed. Their degree of polymerization is therefore between 700 and 1800. In Japanese patent application No. 93/333476, heteroxylans are used in cosmetics, in order to increase the adhesion to the skin of the constituents of cosmetic products.

The film-forming molecules or supports used in the prior art for covering or coating food or pharmaceutical products are described below, as well as their mechanical, sensory and water barrier properties. The term “mechanical property of a film-forming molecule” is understood to mean in particular the resistance which said film-forming molecule or said support exhibits to compression or traction. The term “sensory properties of a film-forming molecule or of a support” is understood to mean the properties presented in terms of touch, taste or smell.

Protein-based carriers, for example those based on gelatin or milk protein, have good mechanical and sensory properties, but poor water barrier properties.

The lipid-based supports, for example lecithins or liposomes, have poor mechanical and sensory properties, but excellent water barrier properties. Carbohydrate carriers, for example those based on starch, or modified starch, maltodextrins, cyclodextrins, gum arabic or other gums, cellulose derivatives such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), methylcellulose (C ), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) etc. have good mechanical and sensory properties, but poor water barrier properties.

Carbohydrate carriers are generally the most used for making coatings, and mainly edible coatings. Due to their hydrophilic nature, carbohydrate-based carriers constitute an effective barrier to oils and fats. They are generally not very resistant to water and their barrier properties to humidity are poor. It is possible to add to the supports hydrophilic molecules, smaller and less volatile, such as glycerol or polyol molecules (molecules making it possible to soften the support), - in order to increase the intermolecular space between the molecules of the support, to decrease the mechanical resistance and especially to increase the deformability and the flexibility of the support.

To date, the main supports of carbohydrate origin used in coating techniques are:

- carrageenans, agar-agar and other gums,

- starches and modified starches, - cellulose and esterified forms of cellulose,

- acacia gums, also called arabic gums.

Acacia gums, or arabic gums, are mainly used as a glaze or micro-encapsulation agent for aromas. They give clear and transparent films, but very brittle and sensitive to water. Seed coating was developed in the early 1980s to apply exact doses of plant protection product evenly around the seed. The film-coating agent is generally a mixture in aqueous phase of a polymer, playing the role of "glue" and of various adjuvants allowing the film-coating agent to be adapted to the application system. Active ingredients can be incorporated into these films, in particular phytosanitary products.

Examples of film-forming compositions used in the prior art for covering or coating agricultural products such as seeds are described below.

Thus, French patent 2,730,131 relates to a film-forming composition intended for the coating or film-coating of seeds with a view to ensuring their protection during aging, in particular during storage, said film-forming composition comprising for example a film-forming substance such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose or gum arabic, with an antioxidant. In addition, various active materials such as phytosanitary products can be added to the film-forming compositions.

French Patent 2,777,421 describes a process for treating a seed intended to allow the attachment to said seed of at least one phytosanitary active material, by coating with an adhesive film-forming composition, said composition comprising in particular a film-forming polymer such as '' a vinyl polymer. However, the deposition on the surface of the seed of film-formers containing phytosanitary products is likely to modify the germination and emergence characteristics of the seed, and can result in disturbed or slowed growth of the young plant.

One of the aims of the present invention is to provide film-forming compositions capable of covering products as diverse as food or pharmaceutical products, or agricultural products such as seeds.

One of the other aims of the invention is to provide film-forming compositions having a very stable structure and constant properties with respect to the various aggressions undergone during agro-industrial processes (variations in pH, temperature, shearing, etc. ...)

One of the other aims of the invention is to provide film-forming compositions comprising a phytosanitary product for the coating or coating of seeds, and allowing seeds thus coated or coated to maintain their germinative quality.

In general, the invention relates to the use of heteroxylans for the preparation of a film-forming composition intended to cover food products, pharmaceutical products, chemicals or agro-industrial products.

By “cover”, is meant in particular the gumming, the encapsulation, the coating or the coating of food, pharmaceutical, chemical and agro-industrial products.

Food products are chosen in particular from the group consisting of almonds, flavorings, pralines, chocolate, fruit, vitamins or sugared almonds.

Pharmaceutical products are in particular active ingredients presented in the form of tablets, granules or capsules.

Chemical products include rodonticides, carcinogens, allergenic products, or phytosanitary products such as fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides or insecticides.

Agro-industrial products are chosen in particular from the group consisting of bulbs, onions or tubers.

In general, the purpose of exfoliation, encapsulation, coating or film coating of a product is to cover said product with a protective layer in order to isolate it from the outside environment, and thus to protect it by example of oxygen, water or UV rays.

By way of example, the exfoliation of a food product such as an almond, in particular aims to: - smooth the surface of the almond by forming a film to promote the deposition and crystallization of sugar during the production of sugared almonds (sugar-coated),

- to create a barrier to stop the exudation of fatty substances from the almond,

- avoid breakage during the turbining stage carried out during coating. In the pharmacy field, encapsulation allows in particular the protection of an active principle by a film. All of the compounds intended to protect said active ingredient are mixed at the start of the encapsulation process, which results in the establishment of a film allowing the protection of the active ingredient.

Associated with their emulsion capacity and especially emulsion stability, heteroxylans also make it possible to encapsulate aromas, vitamins or other liposoluble molecules such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega 3, etc.). To obtain an effective encapsulation of liposoluble molecules using heteroxylans, a good dispersion of the liposoluble phase of the liposoluble molecule in the water-soluble phase of the heteroxylan is necessary. This dispersion must be stable before encapsulation. It is possible thanks to the stabilizing emulsion properties of heteroxylans. To carry out the encapsulation, the atomization technique is commonly used due to its flexibility and its low operating cost. Heteroxylans thus make it possible to protect lipid compounds from light, from humidity, etc.

The coating generally makes it possible to mask the tastes and smells of a food or pharmaceutical product. It provides the final form of the product thus coated, and allows easier use compared to the uncoated product. For pharmaceutical applications, the coating allows in particular protection against the mucous membranes and a prolonged release of the active principle. Cohesion of the coating is possible thanks to the interactions between macromolecules of heteroxylans and of the product which one seeks to coat, whatever the origin (protein, lipid or carbohydrate) of the molecules of the product which one seeks to coat. .

The coating consists of depositing on the surface of the product to be covered a film of polymers in which various active substances are optionally included.

Thus, according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the heteroxylans allow in particular the production of exfoliation and coating in the field of confectionery or pharmacy.

In the field of confectionery, the shiny character and regularity of appearance of heteroxylans allow applications of brilliance and frosting (sugared almonds, pralines, chocolate...). They can also be used as a varnish for fruit (grapes ...) and other decorative elements on food products.

In the pharmacy field, heteroxylans can be used to obtain coated film-coated tablets or granules. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the active ingredients encapsulated using heteroxylans have delayed effects and a controlled release of said active ingredients where the release kinetics are dependent on the pH, gastrosoluble (pH 5) or enteric-soluble coating. (pH 6-

7).

In the field of chemistry, heteroxylans can also be used to protect the user from contact with certain more or less toxic products. Thus, fertilizers, pesticides, dangerous chemical or biological compounds can be encapsulated with the help of heteroxylans.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the heteroxylans originate in particular from corn bran, rye, rice or a mixture thereof, and include in particular xylose and parabinose.

The present invention also relates to food products, pharmaceutical products, chemicals or agro-industrial products gummed, encapsulated, coated or films using a film-forming composition comprising heteroxylans, originating in particular from corn bran, rye , rice or a mixture thereof, and comprising in particular xylose and arabinose.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the products thus erased, encapsulated, coated or films are characterized in that:

- the food products are chosen in particular from the group consisting of almonds, flavorings, pralines, chocolate, fruits, vitamins or dragees, - pharmaceutical products are in particular active principles presented in the form of tablets, granules or capsules,

- the chemicals are in particular rodonticides, carcinogens, allergenic products, or phytosanitary products such as fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides or insecticides, - agro-industrial products are chosen in particular from the group made up of bulbs, onions or tubers.

According to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the film-forming composition intended for exfoliation, encapsulation, coating or film-coating of the products as defined above, further comprises at least one of the elements following: - carbohydrates, in particular sucrose or glucose syrup,

an additional film-forming agent, in particular a protein, such as gelatin or gluten, or in particular a carbohydrate, such as a cellulose derivative,

a bulking agent, in particular chosen from the group consisting of starch, cellulose, maltodextrins or mineral fillers such as calcium, sodium or potassium salts,

- an antioxidant such as ascorbic acid, tocopherol, butylhydroxyanisol (BHA) or butylhydroxytoluene (BHT),

- a plasticizer such as glycol, - a dye, in particular an organic pigment such as an azo pigment (orange-red), arylamine (yellow), phthalocyanine (blue, green), cochineal carmine or beet red, or a mineral pigment such as titanium oxide (white) or iron oxide (red),

- aromas.

According to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the film-forming composition intended for gumming, encapsulation, coating or film-coating of the products as defined above, comprises:

an amount of heteroxylans of approximately 1% to approximately 40% by weight relative to the total weight of the film-forming composition, in particular from approximately 3% to approximately 30%, and preferably from approximately 5% to approximately 20% , - an amount of carbohydrates from about 0% to about 20%. by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, in particular from approximately 5% to approximately 10%,

a quantity of bulking agent from approximately 0% to approximately 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, in particular from approximately 1% to approximately 3%,

an amount of dye from approximately 0% to approximately 3% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, in particular from approximately 1% to approximately 2%,

- An amount of water from about 60% to about 99% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, in particular from about 75% to about 90%.

According to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the film-forming composition comprises a phytosanitary agent, in particular chosen from the group consisting of fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides or insecticides, and is intended for encapsulation, for coating or laminating bulbs, onions, tubers or seeds, in particular vegetable seeds selected from the group consisting of carrot, tomato, cabbage, leek, chicory, beet seeds , lettuce, squash, cucumber, spinach or bean, or selected field seeds in the group consisting of corn, rapeseed, sunflower or wheat, or other seeds such as tobacco or flower seeds.

In what follows, the seed - designates any organ (seed, achene ...) resulting from the sexual multiplication which one puts in ground, compost or any other substrate so that it germinates. The germination of a seed essentially begins during the imbibition phase of the seed and ends, in the physiological sense, by the root breakthrough through the envelopes of the seed.

The emergence of a seed is understood to mean the emergence of the stem and / or of the first leaves above the substrate which covers the seed. The coating of a seed consists in modifying the size and the shape of a seed by a significant contribution of inert matter, in order to allow a precision sowing (a precision sowing corresponds to a particular sowing density: number of seeds perfectly defined distance between sowing). The coating makes it possible in particular to multiply the weight of the seed from approximately 3 to approximately 40. In general, seeds with complex shapes are coated, such as beetroot or very small seeds such as carrot, tomato or tobacco .

The coating of a seed consists in depositing on the surface a thin film of polymers in which are possibly included various agrochemical substances, such as phytosanitary products. The shape and size of the seeds during lamination are only slightly modified. The film coating can add up to about 10% more weight to the seeds.

In the field of agriculture, the seeds after coating or film coating using the film-forming compositions of the invention are thus protected, in particular against plant pests and parasites such as insects or fungi. The present invention also relates to a film-forming composition, characterized in that it comprises:

- heteroxylans, originating in particular from corn bran, rye, rice or a mixture thereof, and in particular comprising xylose and arabinose and,

- a phytosanitary product, in particular chosen from the group consisting of fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides or insecticides.

By way of example of phytosanitary product, mention may in particular be made of those comprising the following active materials: oxadixyl, cymoxanil, fipronil, imidacloprid, tefiuthrin, triticonazole, thiram, iprodione, metalaxyl. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the film-forming composition as defined above, comprising heteroxylans and a phytosanitary product is characterized in that it also comprises at least one of the following elements:

a bulking agent, in particular chosen from the group consisting of silica, clay, calcium carbonate or mica, '

a surfactant, in particular chosen from the group consisting of silicone, polyethoxylated alcohols or fluorinated alcohols,

- a thickener, especially chosen from the group consisting of acrylic thickeners or polysaccharides, - a plasticizer such as glycol,

- a dye, in particular an organic pigment such as an azo pigment (orange-red), arylamine (yellow), phthalocyanine (blue, green), cochineal carmine or beet red, or a mineral pigment such as oxide titanium (white) or iron oxide (red),

a dispersant such as an acrylic dispersant or sodium hexamethaphosphate, an antifreeze such as a glycol type antifreeze,

- a silicone defoamer or waxes.

According to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the film-forming composition of the invention as defined above, is characterized in that it comprises:

an amount of heteroxylans of approximately 1% to approximately 40% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, in particular approximately 3% to approximately 30%, and preferably approximately 5% to approximately 20% ,

an amount of phytosanitary products of approximately 5% to approximately 60% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, in particular approximately 10% to approximately 50%,

- An amount of water from about 50% to about 80% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, in particular from about 60% to about 70%.

The present invention also relates to the use of a film-forming composition as defined above, comprising heteroxylans and a phytosanitary product, for the encapsulation, coating or film-coating of seeds, in particular vegetable seeds chosen from the group consisting of carrot, tomato, cabbage, leek, chicory, beet, lettuce, squash, cucumber, spinach or bean seeds, or field seeds chosen from the group consisting of corn, rapeseed, sunflower or wheat, or other seeds such as tobacco or flower seeds, allowing the use of a controlled quantity of phytosanitary product, while ensuring that encapsulated, coated or film-coated seeds maintain a percentage of seed raised statistically no different from that presented by bare seeds.

The expression "controlled quantity" of plant protection product means that only the quantity of plant protection product necessary to protect the seed and the young plant is used. In fact, the film-coating technique, which consists in fixing the plant protection product by means of the film-forming composition as described above, has the advantages of allowing precise dosing of the active ingredients on each seed, and of not affecting the environment. The percentage of seeds raised indicates the proportion by number of seeds that have produced a young plant that has pierced the substrate layer by at least 1 mm. By way of example, the substrate layer is sand or earth, and designates the covering layer of the seed.

Bare seeds denote seeds in their natural state, that is to say seeds which are not encapsulated, coated or coated with any film-forming composition.

In the foregoing and in the following, the expression “percentage of seeds raised statistically not different from the percentage of seeds raised of bare seeds” means that the proportion by number of seeds having produced a young plant having pierced the substrate layer d '' at least 1 mm is considered not different with a risk of first alpha species = 0.05 according to the Newman-Keuls test (ITCF: Technical Institute of Cereals and Forage).

The expression “maintenance of a percentage of seed raised statistically no different from that presented by bare seeds” means that the seeds encapsulated, coated or coated with a film-forming composition as defined above, containing heteroxylans and a phytosanitary product, present, when the percentage of seed raised no longer evolves, a percentage of seed raised statistically no different from that presented by bare seeds.

The moment when the percentage of seeds raised from bare seeds no longer changes indicates the moment at the end of which the maximum percentage of seeds raised from naked seeds is reached.

This is also true for seeds coated, encapsulated or coated with the film-forming compositions of the invention or of the prior art. However, the time when this maximum percentage is reached by seeds encapsulated, coated or coated with film-forming compositions containing a phytosanitary product is delayed due to the presence of the phytosanitary product. The late emergence reflects a loss of germination quality. It is very important that the maximum percentage of seeds raised is reached as quickly as possible, since seeds that do not rise quickly enough are more sensitive to biotic attacks such as melting and attacks by soil insects, and to abiotic attacks such as variations in temperature or humidity, and thus have a high probability of never rising.

In addition, this delay leads to a loss of homogeneity of the emergence which leads to the disturbance of the production of plants, or to a bad establishment of the culture in the case of a culture in full field.

According to an advantageous embodiment, in the seeds encapsulated, coated or film-coated using the film-forming compositions of the invention, the percentage of seeds raised is, when the percentage of seeds raised from bare seeds no longer changes, higher than that presented by the encapsulated seeds, coated or coated with a film-forming composition containing a conventional film-forming agent and a phytosanitary product.

According to another advantageous embodiment, in the seeds encapsulated, coated or film-coated using the film-forming compositions of the invention, the percentage of seeds raised is, when the percentage of seeds raised from naked seeds no longer changes, statistically not different from that presented by bare seeds.

According to another advantageous embodiment, in seeds encapsulated, coated or film-coated using the film-forming compositions of the invention, the maximum percentage of seeds raised is reached more quickly than in seeds encapsulated, coated or film-coated with using a film-forming composition, containing a conventional film-forming agent and a phytosanitary product.

The present invention also relates to an encapsulated, coated or film-coated seed using a film obtained by spray-drying or spraying and drying, of a film-forming composition as defined above, containing heteroxylans and a product. phytosanitary, said film having in particular the following properties:

- a water content of approximately 5% to approximately 15%,

a thickness of approximately 0.1 μm to approximately 5 mm, in particular from approximately 0.5 μm to approximately 1 mm, and preferably from approximately 0.5 μm to approximately 50 μm. Spray-drying or spray-drying are known methods for coating solid forms dry. The spray-drying consists, in the present case, in spraying on the moving seeds the film-forming composition of the invention, containing heteroxylans and a phytosanitary product, while an air flow ensures the permanent drying of the seeds. . In the spraying and drying process, the drying step occurs after the spraying step.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the encapsulated, coated or film-coated seed as defined above is in particular a vegetable seed chosen from the group consisting of carrot, tomato, cabbage, leek, chicory seeds, beet, lettuce, squash, cucumber, spinach or bean, or field seed chosen from the group consisting of corn, rapeseed, ie sunflower or wheat, or another seed such as seeds tobacco or flowers, said seed thus encapsulated, coated or coated with the property of maintaining a percentage of seed raised statistically no different from that presented by naked seeds.

The invention also relates to food products, pharmaceutical products, chemicals or agro-industrial products gummed, encapsulated, coated or films using a film obtained by spray-drying a film-forming composition containing heteroxylans as defined. above, said film having in particular the following properties:

- a water content of approximately 5% to approximately 15%,

a thickness of approximately 0.1 μm to approximately 5 mm, in particular from approximately 0.5 μm to approximately 1 mm, and preferably from approximately 0.5 μm to approximately 50 μm.

Legend of figures

Figure 1 shows the schematic structure of heteroxylans extracted from corn bran.

FIG. 2 represents a diagram of the protocol for the extraction of heteroxylans. The invention will be more particularly illustrated with the aid of the following examples, it being understood that these examples are in no way limiting.

EXAMPLE I EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION OF HETEROXYLANES

The extraction and purification of heteroxylans is shown in Figure 2. The extraction of heteroxylans is carried out according to the protocol described by Chanliaud et al. (Journal of Cereal Science, 21, pp. 195-203, 1995). Variants have been introduced to allow an industrial process and access to different grades (grade A, B or C heteroxylans). The plant material used, consisting of corn bran, has the following characteristics:

- MS (dry matter): 90%

- Heteroxylans: 38%

- TDF (Total dietary fiber, dosed by the standard method): 70% - Starch: 21%.

1) Preparation of grade C heteroxylans

The corn bran heteroxylans are extracted in an alkaline medium (pH: 11-12), with lime (Ca (OH) ₂ at saturation, 1.5M potash) and at high temperature (about 90 ° C to about 100 ° C for two hours). A solid / liquid separation makes it possible to separate the solution rich in heteroxylans from a mixture notably composed of cellulose, proteins and carbohydrates. The solution is neutralized by adding acid, and preferably sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.

A liquid extract of grade C heteroxylans is thus obtained, which can be concentrated in order to obtain an extract of grade C heteroxylans containing approximately 15% of dry matter. The extract thus obtained can then be dried, preferably by atomization, in order to obtain a grade C heteroxylan powder, containing about 55% to about 70% of grade C heteroxylans, and a high amount of salt ( approximately 10% to approximately 20%) and other molecules such as polyphenols, tannins capable of coloring the heteroxylans. Grade C heteroxylans (obtained by alkaline extraction, solid / liquid separation, neutralization, concentration and drying), correspond to non-purified products and are mainly intended for agricultural and industrial applications, such as seeds, fertilizers and pesticides. ..

2) Preparation of grade B heteroxylans

The liquid extract of grade C heteroxylans as obtained above, at the end of the alkaline extraction, solid / liquid separation and neutralization steps, is subjected to a demineralization step, by ultrafiltration in order to '' obtain a liquid extract of grade B heteroxylans, containing a salt level of less than 3%. The liquid extract of grade B heteroxylans thus obtained, or ultrafiltration retentate is then concentrated in order to obtain an extract of grade B heteroxylans containing approximately 15% of dry matter. The extract thus obtained can then be dried, preferably by atomization, in order to obtain a grade B heteroxylan powder, containing about 71% to about 80% heteroxylans, said powder being slightly colored and still containing polyphenols. .

This richness, associated with the characteristics of the soluble fibers of heteroxylans, allows the use of grade B heteroxylans in dietetic applications. They can also be used in industrial applications (such as stationery, textile industry) where a light color is highly demanded, and where the too high salt content of grade C heteroxylans poses interaction problems with solvents and other chemical reagents used in industrial processes.

3) Preparation of grade A heteroxylans The liquid extract of grade B heteroxylans containing a salt level of less than 3%>, obtained as described above, at the end of the alkaline extraction and separation steps solid / liquid, neutralization and demineralization by ultrafiltration, is then purified by desalting and discoloration, with the aim of eliminating respectively the sediments present in the extract of grade B heteroxylans and its light brown color mainly linked to the presence of polyphenols.

Thus, after the demineralization step, the heteroxylans are purified by precipitation in ethanol, or by successive passages over different ion exchange resins and or adsorption resin.

Other ways of discoloration exist, in particular by the use of a powerful oxidizer of the hydrogen peroxide (H ₂ O ₂ ) type. The process used for the provision of heteroxylans intended for the agrifood markets does not use this type of agent, but uses methods which respect the consumer and the environment.

The heteroxylan extract obtained at the end of the purification step is dried, preferably by atomization, in order to obtain a grade A heteroxylan powder having a grade A heteroxylan content greater than 81%. . Grade A heteroxylans, white and neutral, correspond to highly purified products, and are intended for the various coatings encountered in the food industry (sugar coating, flavor or enzyme encapsulation ...) and in the pharmaceutical industry (sugar coating tablets, encapsulation for programmed release, delay effect ...). The characteristics of grade A, B and C heteroxylans are described below.

Thus, according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the category of heteroxylans used depends on the product to be covered. When the heteroxylans are intended to cover or coat food (coating, flavoring encapsulation for example) or pharmaceutical products (coating of tablets, encapsulation for programmed release, encapsulation for release with delayed effect for example), heteroxylans will preferably be used grade A. When the heteroxylans are intended to cover or laminate agricultural products such as seeds, grade C heteroxylans should preferably be used.

EXAMPLE II: USE OF HETEROXYLANES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF DRAGEES (DRAGEIFICATION).

According to what is commonly accepted in the state of the art, the coating consists of coating a core - extruded billets (expanded cereal balls, very honeycombed with a density of about 0.3 kg / 1, obtained by extrusion cooking ), almonds, hazelnuts and other dried fruits, tender sugared almonds (sugared almonds or gum) - sugar syrup drunk with a chocolate coating.

The example below in connection with the invention is carried out with grade A hereroxylans to coat an almond (manufacture of sugared almonds), against a control produced with gum arabic (commonly used for the manufacture of sugared almonds). The constituents of the film-forming composition of the invention, and of a conventional film-forming composition are indicated below.

Film-forming composition Witness Invention

(gum arabic) (heteroxylans)

Gum arabic 150 g - Heteroxylans (grade A) - 150 g Total sugar 26,000 g 26,000 g Corn starch 1,000 g 1,000 g Vanilla flavor 50 g 50 g

The quantities indicated for each film-forming composition are used for 10,000 g of almonds.

A) Process for preparing the sugared almonds.

The exfoliation or coating of the almond using film-forming compositions as described above is described below.

-1- The first step is the exfoliation and aims to smooth the surface of the almond by plugging the holes and forming a film to promote the deposition and crystallization of the sugar. This step aims above all to create a barrier to stop the exudation of fatty material from the almond to avoid staining the surface thereof. This stage is carried out in a heated turbine, a spherical container generally made of copper on an inclined axis, and lasts between 30 min and 45 min.

500 g of gum arabic and 500 g of heteroxylans are dissolved respectively in hot in 2 kg of water, to respectively obtain an aqueous solution of gum arabic and heteroxylans. 500 g of sugar syrup are gradually added to the almond to further promote the distribution of gum arabic and heteroxylan over the almond.

The aqueous solution of gum arabic or the aqueous solution of heteroxylans is then gradually added to the almond.

The almonds are continuously dried in the moving turbine by injection of hot air.

A second scrub can be carried out for safety so that the film on the surface is regular and very homogeneous. The products obtained at the end of the exfoliation step are then steamed at approximately 40 ° C for approximately 24 hours to approximately 72 hours.

-2- The second step is the enlargement and aims to deposit different sugar syrups on the surface of the previously erased almond as described in point -1- above. This succession of sugar syrup allows to obtain the density and the crunchy and tender texture of the sugared almonds. A vanilla type flavor is added to enrich the formulation.

A sugar syrup at 38 ° brix is gradually deposited hot on the product obtained at the end of the exfoliation step described in point -1- above, then dried. Then gradually deposit a hot syrup at 37 ° brix sugar and dry. The stages of progressive deposition of sugar syrups are repeated until a brix of 32 ° is obtained.

All the stages of sugar syrup deposition are carried out hot. All the stages of sugar syrup deposition can last several hours. The products are then cooled and left to stabilize for 24 hours.

-3- The third step is the smoothing which gives the sugared almond a smooth appearance.

A low brix sugar syrup (32 °) is used by deposition on the coated almond as obtained at the end of the fattening step described in point -2- above. Corn starch or titanium oxide can be used to whiten the product. The whole (low brix syrup + starch + titanium oxide) is dissolved hot before being deposited on the kernel. The operation is carried out cold with air injection into the turbine.

B) Results.

The different dragees are evaluated after 3 weeks of storage at room temperature.

Invention Witness

(gum arabic) (heteroxylans)

- Intensity of whiteness Very white Very white

- Presence of stains or mottling Absence Absence

- Shine Yes Yes

- Breakage No No

- Hardness on attack & crunchy on the palate Good Good

The dragees prepared with heteroxylan and with gum arabic have the same characteristics in terms of the characteristics defined above. However, corn bran heteroxylans also have the advantage over gums currently used, to have a very stable structure and constant properties, regardless of the origin of the corn used or the alkaline extraction method used. Indeed, an analysis of different samples of maize bran from different varieties of maize has shown that, whatever the variety of maize envisaged, heteroxylans are obtained having a stable structure and constant properties. The “stable structure” of the heteroxylan means in particular that it has a stable structure with respect to variations in pH, temperature, with respect to shearing and other aggressions encountered in agro-industrial processes.

Another advantage presented by the heteroxylan is that it is natural, that is to say that it is extracted with relatively simple processes, perfectly in accordance with the legislation, and that it has not undergone any chemical modifications.

Heteroxylan also has the advantage of being made from corn bran, widely available in Europe, and is therefore not subject to the vagaries of supply disruptions encountered with gum arabic imported from Sudan. The results of the invention make it possible to propose a reliable alternative long sought after by the profession.

The results obtained on almonds are also obtained on other cores to be coated: extruded billets, almonds, hazelnuts and other dried fruits, tender sugared almonds, chocolate, etc.

EXAMPLE III USE OF HETEROXYLANES FOR FILMING

SEED.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the heteroxylans allow a lasting fixation of the phytosanitary treatments on the seeds, their solubility in water ensuring a correct hydration of the seed and a rapid release of the active ingredients in the rhizosphere. Heteroxylans have the advantage of being less viscous than the peelants currently used such as cellulosic dandruff, which makes it possible to increase the quantity of heteroxylans per seed, and therefore better adhesion of heteroxylans and of the phytosanitary product to the seed. . The other advantage of the hydrophilic film-coating agent of the invention compared to cellulosic film-coating agents is that it does not generate asphyxiation of the seed, and therefore a reduction in the percentage of seeds raised, when the dose of heteroxylans applied is increased. . The hydrophilic film-coating agent of the invention also allows a considerable reduction in toxicity, with regard to the young plant, certain fungicides or insecticides applied to seeds, as shown in the example below.

I) Verification of the harmlessness of heteroxylans with regard to the emergence of seeds. In order to assess the toxicity of heteroxylans on seed emergence, the germination performance of the following three samples:

- uncoated seeds (GN),

- seeds coated with an industrial coating (Sépiret 1039 G),

- seeds coated with the invention using heteroxylans, were compared.

The three samples above constitute the three modalities studied.

The industrial film-coating agent, marketed by the company SEPPIC under the name Sépiret 1039G, is a cellulosic film-coating agent, and is hereinafter referred to as “conventional filming agent”. The preparation of the film-coating agent of the invention based on heteroxylans is described below. The various constituents of the film-forming agent of the invention are introduced with mechanical stirring: Composition by weight (%)

- Water 20

- Bulking agent 17 - Pigment 16

- Aqueous solution of heteroxylans containing

12% dry heteroxylans 47

For each film-coating agent (conventional film-coating agent based on cellulose and film-coating agent of the invention based on heteroxylans), a "slurry" is formed, by mixing the water and coating it using a turbine.

The compositions and quantities of slurries used (g) to treat 300 g of seeds are given below.

Porridge Porridge of the classic invention

Water 66 g 105 g

Film coating:

- based on heteroxylans or, 60 g

- Sepiret 1039G 21 g

Total

(water + film coating) 126 g 126 g Each treatment slurry is applied to 300 g of seeds in a fluidized air bed (of the Glatt type) by spray drying. The parameters for applying the treatment spray to seeds are as follows:

Bowl: Wurster

Inlet temperature: 40 ° C

Outlet temperature: 30 ° C

Spray pressure: 1.7 bars

Spray rate: 12 ml / min

After application of the spray, the seeds thus coated are stored for about a week at 20 ° C. before being tested for their germinative quality.

The emergence is evaluated in a sand test moistened with 4% or 9% of water at 20 ° C in a climatic chamber. For each modality, four repetitions of 100 seeds are carried out in a block experimental device.

The results obtained are expressed as a percentage of seeds raised, respectively for cabbage (Table 1), chicory (Table 2) and carrots (Table 3).

The initials “GN” mean “naked seeds”, that is to say they are seeds without film, which have not undergone any treatment.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

The results obtained on the various seeds (cabbage, chicory, carrots) show that the heteroxylan polymer formulated within a film-forming agent does not reduce any symptom of phytotoxicity: the seeds thus filmed raise at a rate and a speed equivalent to the naked seed.

II) Comparison of the effect of conventional film-forming compositions and of the invention each comprising a phytosanitary product, on the emergence of seeds.

The effect of heteroxylan on seed emergence is studied in the presence of the following phytosanitary products:

- insecticide marketed by Rhône-Poulenc Agrochemie under the name "Régent TS", containing 500 g / 1 of fipronil (active ingredient) which protects the carrot from attacks by the carrot fly,

- insecticide marketed by Dow Agro Sciences under the name "Gigant TS", containing 500 g / 1 of chlorpyriphos-ethyl (active ingredient), which allows the cabbage to be protected from attack by the cabbage fly,

- fungicide marketed by Parthena under the name "Puisant TS nugget", containing 40% by weight of oxadixyl (active ingredient) and 16% of cymoxanil, which protect carrots from carrot spot disease which damages roots.

The composition of the film-coating agent of the invention based on heteroxylans is identical to that described in paragraph I) above (20% water, 17% "filler, 16% pigment, 47%" of an aqueous solution of heteroxylans containing 12% of dry heteroxylans.

The treatment slurries are made by mixing the following elements using a turbine: water, insecticide, film-coating.

The slurries are applied in the same way and under the same conditions as what has been described in paragraph I) above, by spray drying around the seed. Similarly, the emergence is evaluated as described in paragraph I) above. 1) Effects on the emergence of carrot seeds of conventional film-forming compositions and of the invention each comprising the regent TS insecticide.

A) The compositions and quantities of the slurries used (g) for treating 300 g of carrot seeds with the insecticide Régent TS are indicated in table 4 below, and the results obtained are collated in table 5 below.

Table 4

In what precedes and in what follows, the initials: - “PMG” means “weight of a thousand seeds” and,

- "hX" means "heteroxylans".

The concentration of Regent TS insecticide treatment is identical in the two spray mixes. The dose of active ingredient (fipronil) is 96 μg / seed.

The amount of conventional film-coating agent is applied in an amount of 7% by weight relative to the weight of bare seeds.

The amount of heteroxylan-based film-coating agent is applied at the rate of 21 μg of dry heteroxylans / seed.

The doses of dry film coating applied are of the same order of magnitude. The emergence (or emergence) performance of carrot seeds treated with the Regent TS insecticide applied using two different film-formers (heteroxylan-based film-coating and Sépiret 1039G film-coating) are compared.

The results obtained are expressed as a percentage of seeds raised and are grouped in Table 5 below.

In the tables below, the letters a, b and c indicate whether the different values obtained respectively for:

- non-filmed seeds (naked seed or naked seed (GN)), - seeds coated with a conventional film-forming composition, containing a conventional film-forming agent and an insecticide,

seeds coated with a film-forming composition of the invention, containing a film-forming agent based on heteroxylans and an insecticide, can be considered to be statistically different or not.

More particularly, the modalities belonging to a given group - symbolized by a letter - are considered as not different with a risk of first alpha type = 0.05 according to the Newman-Keuls test (ITCF).

The duration of 11 days represents the time at the end of which the percentage of emerged seeds presented by the naked seeds does not evolve any more. When the percentage of seed lifted presented by the bare seed no longer changes, it is called the maximum percentage of seed raised. The maximum percentage of seeds raised is therefore determined by bare seeds.

The results obtained indicate that the presence of the insecticide Régent TS induces a delay in the emergence of seeds coated with a conventional film-coating agent, which is not the case for seeds coated with the film-coating agent of the invention based on of heteroxylans. The carrot seeds encapsulated, coated or coated with the film-forming compositions of the invention (containing heteroxylans in association with the insecticide Régent TS) present, at the moment when the percentage of emerged seeds presented by the naked seeds does not evolves more (lld), a higher percentage of seed raised (71%) than that presented by carrot seeds encapsulated, coated or coated with conventional film-forming compositions (containing a conventional film-forming agent in combination with Regent TS insecticide) (43%).

Carrot seeds film-coated using the film-forming compositions of the invention have a maximum percentage of sprouted seeds reached more quickly than in carrot seeds film-coated using a conventional film-forming composition.

After 11 days, the percentage of emerged seeds observed on the seeds of film-coated carrots using the film-forming compositions of the invention (71% _> ) no longer changes. Thus, the maximum of the percentage of seeds raised from seeds coated with film-forming compositions of the invention is reached at the same time as that of bare seeds. The time at the end of which the percentage of seeds raised from seeds coated with film-forming compositions of the invention no longer changes, is statistically no different from the time at the end of which the percentage of seeds raised from naked seeds no longer evolves.

Carrot seeds coated with the film-forming compositions of the invention have, at the time when the percentage of seeds raised from bare seeds no longer evolves, a percentage of seeds raised statistically not different (71%) from that presented by bare seeds (63%).

Compared to the control film, the use of heteroxylans to apply phytosanitary treatment allows a clear limitation of the symptoms of phytotoxicity.

B) The compositions and quantities of the porridges used (g) for treating 300 g of carrot seeds with the insecticide Régent TS are indicated in table 6 below, and the results obtained are collated in table 7 below. -Dessous.

Table 6

The dose of active ingredient (fipronil) is 192 μg / seed (μg / s).

The amount of heteroxylan-based film-coating agent in the three film-forming compositions of the invention is applied respectively at a rate of 10.7 μg of dry heteroxylans / seed (slurry No. 1), 21 μg of dry heteroxylans / seed (porridge # 2) and 40 μg of dry heteroxylans / seed (porridge # 3).

The doses of films applied are of the same order of magnitude.

The emergence performance of carrot seeds treated with Régent TS insecticide applied using two different film-coaters (film-coating based on heteroxylans and film-coating Sépiret 1039G) are compared.

The results obtained are expressed as a percentage of seeds raised and are grouped in Table 7 below.

Table 7

The duration of 12 days represents the time at the end of which the percentage of emerged seeds presented by the naked seeds does not evolve any more.

The results obtained indicate that the presence of the insecticide Régent TS induces a delay in the emergence of seeds coated with a conventional film-coating agent but also in the emergence of seeds coated with the film coating agent of the invention based on heteroxylans. However, the delay induced by the phytosanitary product is more quickly compensated with the seeds coated with the film-coating agent of the invention based on heteroxylans than with the seeds filmed with a conventional film-forming agent (Sepiret 1039G). The carrot seeds encapsulated, coated or coated with the film-forming compositions of the invention (containing heteroxylans in association with the insecticide Régent TS) present, at the moment when the percentage of emerged seeds presented by the naked seeds does not evolves more (12 days), a higher percentage of seeds raised (respectively 93% in porridge n ° l, 9-1% in porridge n ° 2 and 90% ι in porridge n ° 3) than that presented by carrot seeds encapsulated, coated or film-coated using conventional film-forming compositions (containing a conventional film-coating agent in combination with Regent TS insecticide) (81%).

Carrot seeds coated with the film-forming compositions of the invention have, at the time when the percentage of seeds raised from bare seeds no longer evolves, a percentage of seeds raised statistically no different (respectively 93% in the slurry n ° l, 91% in porridge n ° 2 and 90% in porridge n ° 3) of that presented by bare seeds (93%).

C) The compositions and quantities of the slurries used (g) for treating 300 g of carrot seeds with the insecticide Régent TS are indicated in tables 8 and 9 below, and the results obtained are grouped in the table 10 below.

Table 8

Table 9

In lots 1 and 2, the dose of active ingredient (fipronil) is 192 μg / seed.

The amount of heteroxylan-based film-coating agent in the film-forming composition of the invention is applied in an amount of 10.7 μg of dry heteroxylans / seed in batches 1 and 2.

The emergence performance of carrot seeds treated with Régent TS insecticide applied using two different film-formers (heteroxylan-based film-coating and Sépiret 1039G film-coating) are compared for lot 1 and lot 2 respectively.

The results obtained are expressed as a percentage of seeds raised and are grouped in Table 10 below.

Table 10

The duration of 10 days represents the time at the end of which the percentage of emerged seeds presented by the naked seeds does not evolve any more. The results obtained with lot 1 indicate that the presence of the insecticide Régent TS induces a delay in the emergence of seeds coated with a conventional film-coating agent but also in the emergence of seeds-coated with the film coating agent of the invention to heteroxylan base. However, this delay is more quickly compensated with seeds coated with the film coating agent of the invention based on heteroxylans than with seeds coated with a conventional film coating (Sepiret 1039G).

The results obtained with lot 2 indicate that the presence of the Regent TS insecticide induces a delay in the emergence of seeds coated with a conventional film-coating agent, which is not the case for seeds filmed using the film-coating agent of l invention based on heteroxylans.

Carrot seeds film-coated using the film-forming compositions of the invention (containing heteroxylans in combination with the insecticide Régent TS) present, at the moment when the percentage of emerged seeds presented by the naked seeds no longer changes ( 10d), a higher seed percentage raised (respectively 78%) for lot 1, and 81% for lot 2) than that presented by carrot seeds coated with conventional film-forming compositions (containing a conventional film-forming agent) in combination with Regent TS insecticide) (respectively 63%> for lot 1 and 66% for lot 2).

Carrot seeds film-coated using the film-forming compositions of the invention have a maximum percentage of sprouted seeds reached more rapidly than in ^" carrot seeds film-coated using a conventional film-forming composition.

Carrot seeds coated with the film-forming compositions of the invention have, when the percentage of seeds raised from bare seeds no longer evolves, a percentage of seeds raised statistically no different (respectively from

78% for lot 1 and 81% for lot 2) of that presented, by bare seeds (74% for lot 1 and 82% o for lot 2 respectively).

2) Effects on the emergence of cabbage seeds of conventional film-forming compositions and of the invention each comprising the insecticide Gigant TS.

The compositions and quantities of the slurries used (g) for treating 300 g of cabbage seeds using the insecticide Gigant TS are indicated below in table 11 below, and the results obtained are collated in table 12 below. Table 11

The dose of active ingredient (chlo yriphos-ethyl) is 110 μg / seed.

The amount of heteroxylan-based film-coating agent in the film-forming composition of the invention is applied in an amount of 21 μg of dry heteroxylans / seed.

The emergence performance of cabbage seeds treated with Gigant TS insecticide applied using two different film-formers (film-coating based on heteroxylans and film-coating Sepiret 1039G) are compared.

The results obtained are expressed as a percentage of seeds raised and are grouped in Table 12 below.

Table 12

The duration of 21 days represents the time at the end of which the percentage of emerged seeds presented by bare seeds no longer changes. The results obtained indicate that the presence of the insecticide Gigant TS induces a delay in the emergence of seeds filmed with a conventional film-coating agent and that of seeds filmed using the film-coating agent of the invention based on heteroxylans. However, the delay induced by the phytosanitary product is more quickly compensated with the seeds coated with the film-coating agent of the invention based on heteroxylans than with the seeds filmed with a conventional film-forming agent (Sepiret 1039G).

Cabbage seeds encapsulated, coated or film-coated using the film-forming compositions of the invention (containing heteroxylans in combination with the insecticide Gigant TS) present, at the moment when the percentage of emerged seeds presented by the naked seeds does not evolves more (21d), a higher percentage of emerged seeds (82%) than that presented by encapsulated cabbage seeds, coated or film-coated using conventional film-forming compositions (containing a conventional film-forming agent in combination with the regent TS insecticide ) (74%). Cabbage seeds filmed using the film-forming compositions of the invention have a maximum percentage of sprouted seeds reached more quickly than in seeds of cabbage filmed using a conventional film-forming composition.

Cabbage seeds filmed using the film-forming compositions of the invention have, when the percentage of seeds raised from bare seeds no longer changes, a percentage of seeds raised statistically not different (82%) from that presented by bare seeds (82%).

2) Effects on the emergence of carrot seeds of conventional film-forming compositions and of the invention each comprising the insecticide Pulsan TS Nugget.

The compositions and quantities of the spray liquids used (g) to treat 300 g of carrot seeds using the insecticide Pulsan TS Nugget are indicated in table 13 below, and the results obtained are collated in table 14 below. below. Table 13

The dose of active ingredient (oxadixyl) is 25 μg / seed.

The amount of heteroxylan-based film-coating agent in the film-forming composition of the invention is applied at the rate of 10.7 μg of dry heteroxylans / seed (slurry no. 1) and 21 μg of dry heteroxylans / seed (slurry no. 2).

Emergence performance of cabbage seeds treated with Pulsan insecticide

TS Nugget applied using two different film-coaters (heteroxylan-based film-coating and Sepiret 1039G film-coating) are compared.

The results obtained are expressed as a percentage of seeds raised and are grouped in Table 14 below. Table 14

The results obtained indicate that the presence of the insecticide Pulsan TS Nugget induces a delay in the emergence of seeds coated with a conventional film-coating agent but also in the emergence of seeds coated with the film coating agent of the invention based on heteroxylans . However, the delay induced by the plant protection product is more quickly compensated with the seeds coated with the film-coating agent of the invention based on heteroxylans than with the seeds filmed with a conventional film-forming agent (Sepiret 1039G). Carrot seeds encapsulated, coated or film-coated using the film-forming compositions of the invention (containing heteroxylans in combination with the insecticide Pulsan TS Nugget) present, at the time when the percentage of seed raised presented by the naked seeds does not change plus (12d), a higher percentage of seed raised (92% respectively for porridge no. 1 and 93% for porridge no. 2) than that presented by carrot seeds encapsulated, coated or coated with using conventional film-forming compositions (containing a conventional film-forming agent in combination with the insecticide Pulsan TS Pépite) (89%).

Carrot seeds film-coated using the film-forming compositions of the invention have a maximum percentage of sprouted seeds reached more quickly compared to that of carrot seeds filmed using a conventional film-forming composition.

Carrot seeds coated with the film-forming compositions of the invention have, when the percentage of seeds raised from naked seeds no longer evolves, a percentage of seeds raised statistically no different (respectively 92% o for the porridge n ° 1 and 93%> for porridge n ° 2) of that presented by bare seeds (93%>).

Claims

1. Use of heteroxylans for the preparation of a film-forming composition, characterized in that the film-forming composition comprises a phytosanitary agent, in particular chosen from the group consisting of fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides or insecticides, and is intended for the encapsulation, coating or film coating of bulbs, onions, tubers or seeds, in particular vegetable seeds chosen from the group consisting of carrot, tomato, cabbage, leek seeds , chicory, beet, lettuce, squash, cucumber, spinach or bean, or field seeds selected from the group consisting of corn, rapeseed, sunflower or wheat, - or d other seeds such as tobacco or flower seeds.

2. Use according to claim 1, in which the heteroxylans originate in particular from corn bran, rye, rice or a mixture thereof, and in particular comprise xylose and arabinose.

3. Agro-industrial products gummed, encapsulated, coated or coated with a film-forming composition comprising heteroxylans, originating in particular from corn bran, rye, rice or a mixture thereof, and in particular comprising xylose and arabinose, in combination with a phytosanitary agent.

4. Products according to claim 3, characterized in that the agroindustrial products are chosen in particular from the group consisting of bulbs, onions or tubers.

5. Film-forming composition characterized in that it comprises:

- heteroxylans, originating in particular from corn bran, rye, rice or a mixture thereof, and in particular comprising xylose and arabinose and, - a phytosanitary product, in particular chosen from the group consisting of fertilizers, pesticides , herbicides, fungicides or insecticides.

6. Film-forming composition according to claim 5, characterized in that it also comprises at least one of the following elements:

- a bulking agent, especially chosen from the group consisting of silica, clay, calcium carbonate or mica, - a surfactant, especially chosen from the group consisting of silicone, polyethoxylated alcohols or alcohols fluorinated

- a thickener, in particular chosen from the group consisting of acrylic thickeners or polysaccharides,

- a plasticizer such as glycol, - a dye, in particular an organic pigment such as an azo pigment

(orange red), arylamine (yellow), phthalocyanine (blue, green), cochineal carmine or beet red, or a mineral pigment such as titanium oxide (white) or iron oxide (red) ,

- a dispersant such as an acrylic dispersant or sodium hexamethaphosphate,

- an antifreeze such as a glycol type antifreeze,

- a silicone defoamer or waxes.

7. Composition according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that it comprises:

an amount of heteroxylans of approximately 1% to approximately 40% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, in particular from approximately 3% to approximately 30% ”, and preferably from approximately 5% to approximately 20% "

an amount of phytosanitary products from approximately 5% to approximately 60% _> by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, in particular from approximately 10% to approximately 50%,

- An amount of water of about 50% to about 80% ι by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, in particular about 60% to about 70%.

8. Use of a film-forming composition according to one of claims 5 to 7, for the encapsulation, coating or film-coating of seeds, in particular vegetable seeds chosen from the group consisting of carrot, tomato seeds, cabbage, leek, chicory, beet, lettuce, squash, cucumber, spinach or bean, or field seeds selected from the group consisting of corn, rapeseed, sunflower or wheat, or other seeds such as tobacco or flower seeds, allowing the use of a controlled amount of phytosanitary product, while ensuring encapsulated seeds, coated or film-coated maintaining a percentage of seed raised statistically no different from that presented by bare seeds.

9. Use according to claim 8, in which in the encapsulated, coated or film-coated seeds, the percentage of seeds raised is, when the percentage of seeds raised from the naked seeds no longer evolves, greater than that presented by the encapsulated seeds. , coated or coated with a film-forming composition containing a conventional film-forming agent and a phytosanitary product.

10. Use according to claim 8 or claim 9, in which in the encapsulated, coated or film-coated seeds the maximum percentage of seeds raised is reached more quickly than in the seeds encapsulated, coated or film-coated using a film-forming composition. containing a conventional film coating and a phytosanitary product.

11. Use according to one of claims 8 to 10 in which, in encapsulated, coated or film-coated seeds, the percentage of seeds raised is, when the percentage of seeds raised from bare seeds no longer changes, statistically no different from that presented by bare seeds.

12. Encapsulated, coated or coated seed using a film obtained by spray-drying a film-forming composition according to one of claims 5 to 7, said film having in particular the following properties:

- a water content of approximately 5% to approximately 15>,

13. Encapsulated, coated or coated seed according to claim 12, in particular vegetable seed chosen from the group consisting of carrot, tomato, cabbage, leek, chicory, beet, lettuce, squash seeds, cucumber, spinach or bean, or field crop chosen from the group consisting of corn, rapeseed, sunflower or wheat, or other seed such as tobacco or flower seeds, said seed thus encapsulated , coated or coated with the property of maintaining a percentage of seed germinated statistically no different from that presented by bare seed.

14. Agro-industrial products gummed, encapsulated, coated or films using a film obtained by spray-drying a film-forming composition as defined in one of claims 5 to 7, said film having in particular the properties following:

- a water content of approximately 5% to approximately 15%,