WO2002002288A1 - Procede servant a fabriquer des panneaux de fibre - Google Patents

Procede servant a fabriquer des panneaux de fibre Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002002288A1
WO2002002288A1 PCT/FI2001/000636 FI0100636W WO0202288A1 WO 2002002288 A1 WO2002002288 A1 WO 2002002288A1 FI 0100636 W FI0100636 W FI 0100636W WO 0202288 A1 WO0202288 A1 WO 0202288A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fibers
activating agent
lignocellulosic material
oxygen
lignin
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PCT/FI2001/000636
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English (en)
Inventor
Liisa Viikari
Anneli Hase
Simo Tuominen
Pia Qvintus-Leino
Jaakko Laine
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Dynea Chemicals Oy
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Priority to AU2001282161A priority Critical patent/AU2001282161A1/en
Publication of WO2002002288A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002002288A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08H—DERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08H8/00—Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/002—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres characterised by the type of binder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
    • C08L97/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the manufacture of products which comprise fibrous lignocellulosic particles which are pressed and bonded together into a layered, compressed structure.
  • the present invention concerns methods for producing fiberboards, such as medium density fiberboards, particleboards, fla eboards and strand boards by activating lignocellulosic material with an activating agent to produce modified lignocellulosic material containing free radicals, forming the modified material into a layer, and compressing said layer.
  • Structurally lignin is a polyphenol and, therefore, as an adhesive it should be similar to phenol-formaldehyde resins. This is also true for native lignin in wood, while technical lignins (lignosulphonate or kraft lignin) have been shown to have serious limitations due to their low reactivity (kraft lignin) or due to their high hygroscopicity (lignosulphonates).
  • Curing of lignin is a crosslinking process, which leads to new carbon-carbon and ether bonds between different lignin molecules or within one macromolecule. Inter- as well as intramolecular crosslinking reactions decrease the solubility and swelling of lignin. Crosslinks in lignin can be achieved either by condensation or by radical coupling reactions. Further, it has been shown that laccases and peroxidases can be used as polymerisation or curing catalysts of lignin (DE Patent No. 3 037 992, WO 96/03546). However, the enzymes used for catalyzing radical formation have shown limited success so far.
  • Fibers and wood chips used in the production of the fiberboard contain 5 - 20 % water and the laccases used need some water to effectively diffuse and catalyse the polymerisation reaction needed for extensive bonding of the fiberboard.
  • kraft lignin and native lignins are mostly insoluble in water and, thus, two solid phases are formed on the production line. An uneven distribution of the solids causes spotting and a large decrease in the strength properties of the board formed in the pressing stage.
  • the enzymatic methods described in the art suffer also from difficult and expensive application methods and additional process stages, such as soaking of lignin or fibers with enzymes in water, or drum mixing of adhesive in the otherwise continuous board manufacturing process.
  • a further problem relating to the use of isolated lignin is the high price of kraft lignin which is near the limit for economical production of particleboards if the amount of lignin needed for good adhesion can not be limited to a very small amount, as is the situation in the techniques presented here.
  • the middle lamella lignin is activated by "incubation", which comprises the step of contacting the lignocellulosic material, such as mechanically defiberised pulp, with laccase in aqueous phase.
  • incubation comprises the step of contacting the lignocellulosic material, such as mechanically defiberised pulp, with laccase in aqueous phase.
  • the present invention aims at eliminating the problems relating to the prior art.
  • the present invention is based on the finding that the processing times can be significantly shortened by subjecting the lignocellulosic material to the action of an activating agent in fluffed state.
  • the lignocellulosic material can be vigorously mixed so that the individual particles of the material are evenly subjected to the action of the activating agent.
  • This will provide a modified lignocellulosic material which contains homogeneously distributed free radicals.
  • Compressed products will have high and consistent strength properties. Since the particles are not suspended in a liquid phase, their moisture content can rapidly be reduced which facilitates the mechanical formation of a layered structure.
  • the present invention provides considerable advantages. Good bonding of the lignocellulosic particles (e.g. the fibers) is obtained; in fact, the mechanical strength properties (e.g. IB, MOE and MOR) are on the same level or better than that obtainable with conventional phenol- or urea-formaldehyde resins. Also absolute strength properties exceeding the existing standard values obtainable by conventional phenol- or urea- formaldehyde resins on the same board density level can be achieved by the present invention. Further, one particularly valuable advantage obtained by using the technique described herein is that a shorter pressing time can be used after the mat former compared to the times used in the conventional PF or UF resin technique. This will increase the production capacity of the existing production plants. The boards do not contain and emit any additional formaldehyde except for that naturally occurring in the fibers.
  • the mechanical strength properties e.g. IB, MOE and MOR
  • Figure 1 gives an outline of the first part of a MDF process scheme showing the addition points of the activating agent.
  • fibrous lignocellulosic material denotes finely divided particles of vegetable origin, in particular derived from wood or annual or perennial plants.
  • the material is in the form of fibers, fibrils and similar fibrous particles.
  • Fiberboard or “fibrous panel” is a product for, e.g., constructional uses including insulation purposes and for use in boarding, flooring and furniture applications. It primarily comprises lignocellulosic fibers mixed with a suitable adhesive. It should be pointed out that the present products can be called “layered structures” which term includes both the above-mentioned boards and panels as well as compressed structures of any shape. They do not necessarily need to be flat or laminar but they can have any form as long as they contain several adjacent layers of fibers.
  • the present invention can also be employed for the manufacture of particleboards, flakeboards and similar structures.
  • the "lignocellulosic” material can comprise any lignin-containing material and it is preferably selected from the group of finely-divided raw materials, including woody materials, such as wood particles (e.g in the form of wood chips, wood shavings, wood fibers and saw dust), and fibers of annual or perennial plants.
  • woody materials such as wood particles (e.g in the form of wood chips, wood shavings, wood fibers and saw dust), and fibers of annual or perennial plants.
  • the woody raw material can be derived from hardwood or softwood species, such as birch, beech, aspen, alder, eucalyptus, maple, mixed tropical hardwood, pine and spruce.
  • Nonwood plant raw material can be provided from straws of grain crops, reed canary grass, reeds, flax, hemp, kenaf, jute, ramie, sisal, Abaca, coir, bamboo and bagasse.
  • a suitable finely-divided raw material can be provided by any process producing a comminuted material from lignin-containing starting materials. Refining, grinding and milling can be mentioned as examples of applicable processes. Particularly preferred processes are those which produce particles which are lignin-covered. Disc refining in the presence of steam is a suitable process for producing fibers suitable for fiberboard manufacture. The TMP process with an optional chemical pretreatment can be mentioned as a specific example of such processes.
  • the particles have sizes in the range of 0.01 to 50 mm.
  • the expression "in fluffed state” is used to designate a state in which the finely-divided or comminuted lignin-containing material is dispersed in gas phase and in which the lignin-containing material is free-flowing because it contains only small amounts of free water, if any.
  • fluff material can be fluidized in a stream of a gas or a gas mixture, such as oxygen or air.
  • the gas may optionally contain suspended matter in the form of solids or droplets.
  • in fluffed state is synonymous with “in gas dispersion”.
  • the gas passes through the solids at a velocity sufficient to fluidize the material.
  • the lignin-containing material can be brought into fluffed state for example in a plug flow pipe or in a mixing vessel.
  • the gas flow through the flow pipe can be turbulent and the pipe can optionally be provided with static mixers.
  • the mixing vessel can be provided with a mechanical mixing means, such as a rotating impeller.
  • suitable process equipment include conventional pneumatic conveyor flash tube dryer systems, drum dryers and fluidized bed dryers in which drying is effected by heated air.
  • the dryer systems may comprise drying in multiple stages.
  • the temperature in multiple stage dryers is generally lower than in a one-stage dryer, and lower temperatures are beneficial for the stability of the radicals formed.
  • activating agent designates any means capable of generating free radicals within the lignocellulosic material used as a raw material of board manufacturing.
  • the free radicals are generally phenoxy radicals stabilized by their several resonance forms, increasing their half-life from several hours up to several days.
  • the activating agent can be a chemical, such as hydrogen peroxide, an enzyme, such as laccase, or it can comprise physical means, such as gamma-radiation, capable of generating radicals within the lignin matrix of the lignocellulosic material.
  • the activating agent can comprise a single agent or a mixture of several agents.
  • the action of an enzyme, such as laccase can be complemented with radical-producing radiation.
  • the activating agent can also be used together with a conventional resin or lignin-based glue.
  • the conventional resin can be any known phenol- or urea-formaldehyde based adhesive.
  • a particularly interesting combination is formed by mixing oxidizing enzymes and lignin suspensions (such as kraft lignin or lignin-containing fractions from wood or non-wood processing). In these mixtures, the oxidizing enzyme will produce radicals in the added phenolic material as well as in the lignocellulosic board raw material.
  • the activating agent comprises oxidative enzymes capable of catalysing the oxidation of phenolic hydroxyl groups. These enzymes are often called phenoloxidases and they catalyze the oxidation of phenolic hydroxyl groups in monomeric, dimeric, oligomeric or polymeric phenolic compounds. The oxidative reaction leads to the formation of phenoxy radicals and finally to the polymerization of lignin.
  • the phenoloxidases include peroxidases and oxidases. "Peroxidases” are enzymes which catalyse oxidative reaction using hydrogen peroxide as their substrate, whereas “oxidases” are enzymes which catalyse oxidative reactions using molecular oxygen as their substrate.
  • the enzyme used may be any of the enzymes catalyzing radical formation in lignin and other phenolic substances present, such as laccase, tyrosinase or peroxidase.
  • oxidases As specific examples of oxidases the following can be mentioned: laccases (EC 1.10.3.2), catechol oxidases (EC 1.10.3.1), monophenol mono-oxygenase (E.C. 1.14.99.1) and bilirubin oxidases (EC 1.3.3.5). Laccases are particularly preferred oxidases. They can be obtained from bacteria and fungi belonging to, e.g., the following strains: Aspergillus, Neurospora, Podospora, Botrytis, Lentinus, Polyporus, Rhizoctonia, Coprinus, Coriolus, Phlebia, Pleurotus and Trametes. Suitable peroxidases can be obtained from plants, fungi or bacteria.
  • the enzymes can be used as such, preferably in the form of aqueous solutions or, as mentioned above, mixed with oxidizable organic material.
  • Such material comprises for example isolated lignin and soluble pulp fractions.
  • refiner mechanical pulping RMP
  • PRMP pressurized refiner mechanical pulping
  • TMP thermomechamcal pulping
  • GW groundwood
  • PGW pressurized groundwood
  • CMP chemithermomechanical pulping
  • lignin is solubilised by chemicals in sulphite (SI) or sulphate (kraft) processes.
  • SI sulphite
  • kraft sulphate
  • lignin-containing fractions can be isolated.
  • these solubilised fractions are composed in different ratios of the basic components of wood; lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. The relative amounts depend on the wood species and the process conditions used.
  • the process water of mechanical pulping contains some 20 to 70 % carbohydrates, 10 to 40 % reducing compounds, 10 to 25 % lignin and 1 to 10 % extractives.
  • the material dissolved in the spent liquids is mainly lignin.
  • a chemical activating agent can be selected from typical free radical forming agents, such as hydrogen peroxide, Fenton's reagent, organic peroxides, potassium permanganate, ozone and chlorine dioxide.
  • the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of the lignocellulosic material is controlled by using a salt.
  • salts are inorganic transition metal salts, in particular salts of sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid.
  • the amount of ferrous sulfate needed for controlling the reaction is usually about 0.001 to 1 %, preferably 0.005 to 0.1 %, based on the dry matter of the raw material.
  • the ferrous sulfate or other transition metal salt can be added together with the hydrogen peroxide or it can be admixed with the raw material before it is contacted with hydrogen peroxide.
  • the radical-producing radiation comprises gamma-radiation or electron beam radiation or any other high-energy radiation capable of forming radicals in a lignocellulosic (lignin- containing) raw material. If desired, it is possible to produce additional free radicals by separately adding water- soluble monomeric phenolic compounds ("booster" compounds) to the fibrous material. Suitable monomeric compounds capable of forming phenoxy radicals are, e.g., 1,2- catechol, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and guaiacol.
  • the oxidative enzyme and the chemical oxidising agent can be mixed with the lignocellulosic material at any moisture content.
  • the enzyme it is preferred to treat fibers containing some moisture.
  • a moisture content of about 10 to 100 % (relative humidity) is particularly suitable.
  • the enzyme used can be any of the enzymes known to catalyze the oxidation of lignins and other phenolic compounds for catalysing the oxidation and polymerisation of aromatic compounds such as lignins. Laccase and other oxidases are examples of these enzymes.
  • the amount of enzyme used varies depending on the activity of the enzyme and on the dry matter content of the composition. Generally, the oxidases are used in amounts of 0.001 to 10 g protein/kg of dry matter, preferably about 0.1 to 5 g protein/kg of dry matter.
  • the activity of the oxidase is about 1 to 100,000 nkat/g, preferably over 10 nkat/g.
  • a separated lignin fraction can be formulated and used as an adhesive binder by mixing it with an oxidase to provide oxidation and polymerization of the lignin- containing material.
  • the dry matter content of the adhesive composition treated with enzymes is about 2 to 50 wt-%.
  • This fraction may be added in an amount ranging from 0 to 20 % of the fibers.
  • the amount of any monomeric phenolic compounds can be of the same order.
  • the enzyme along with any lignin fraction or isolated lignin product is preferably introduced in the form of an aqueous solution or suspension and fed into the raw material under vigorous mixing. Oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas can be introduced into the enzyme solution or suspension before it is mixed with the raw material. In this way, a high level of activity can be ensured from the very start of the reaction.
  • liquid chemicals can be sprayed or fed in any other conventional way into the raw material as long as proper mixing of the material is ensured.
  • Gaseous activation chemicals such as ozone and chlorine dioxide, can be conducted into the raw material by means of a turbulent gas flow.
  • the other activation chemicals are dosed in proper amounts to produce radical levels corresponding to those generated by the above-mentioned laccase dosages.
  • hydrogen peroxide can be employed in amounts of 0.001 to 10 %, preferably about 0.01 to 5 %, of the dry substance of the lignin-containing raw material.
  • the raw material is kept in fluffed state so that there is immediate and efficient mixing of the raw material with the activating agent. Even when activation is achieved by radical-producing radiation, good mixing is preferred so that homogeneous distribution of radicals throughout the material can be obtained.
  • the radiation dose of gamma-radiation is typically in the range of 10 - 1000 kGy .
  • the contacting of the lignin-containing raw material with the activating agent can take place at any point between the provision of a suitable finely-divided raw material and the forming of a final product from the raw material by pressing. Further, the contacting can take place once or several times.
  • the total amount of the activating agent can be divided into several portions and admixed with the lignin-containing material a plurality of times during the drying of the refined raw material and/or during the forming of the layered structure.
  • the calculated radiation dose can be applied to the material in several portions.
  • three embodiments are described in more detail. It should be noted that the activation can comprise any of these embodiments or a combination of two or three of them.
  • the raw material is contacted with the activating agent before it is pressed into a final shaped product.
  • the phenoxy radicals produced appear to be fairly stable, by generating the radicals shortly before pressing, it seems that improved mechanical properties are obtained due to increased internal bonding within the pressed product.
  • "Shortly" stands for short time intervals of, typically, less than 180 minutes, preferably less than 30 minutes although the actual time depends on the particular process configuration and, in particular, on the temperature.
  • the contacting time can be several hours (e.g. 0.5 - 5 hours) and the contacting can take place several hours (0.5 - 5 hours) before pressing.
  • the contacting is mainly carried out before pressing.
  • the surface properties of the product can be modified and, e.g., the surface strength and the smoothness increased.
  • the lignocellulosic material is contacted with activating agents, such as enzymes or chemical activating agents, during drying of the refined fibers.
  • activating agents such as enzymes or chemical activating agents
  • This contacting takes suitably place in a drying system comprising a blowline and a dryer (referred to as a blowline-dryer system), which interconnects a refiner used for producing a defiberized material and a separation means for the fibers (a cyclone).
  • a woody raw material is refined to produce wood fibers, the fibers are dried in a blowline-dryer system in a turbulent flow of air, steam or a similar fluid, the activating agent is mixed with the fibers in the blowline-dryer system in a zone of turbulence, the dried fibers are formed to a mat and the mat is pressed into a panel.
  • the activating agent(s) can be added at any point, e.g. near the refiner, in the middle of the blowline-dryer system or near the separation means.
  • the activating agents are introduced into the blowline and/or into the dryer via an inlet tube or a set of tubes connected to the blowline and/or the dryer. Normal inlet lines used for feeding conventional resins can be used.
  • the oxidative enzyme or chemical oxidizing agent is mixed with the lignocellulosic material at a temperature of 25 to 70 °C, preferably 30 to 60 °C.
  • An alternate embodiment is based on the finding that laccases and similar oxidative enzymes retain their catalytic activity at temperatures far exceeding the boiling temperature of water under the favorable reaction conditions and the particular process outline developed. This enables extremely fast polymerization of lignin and related rapid formation of adhesive bonds in the product.
  • fiberboards are produced by mixing fibrous lignocellulosic raw materials, such as wood fibers, with aqueous solutions of laccase enzymes at very high temperatures to produce a fiber/enzyme mixture.
  • the fibers are then formed into a mat or similar fibrous layer, which is compressed at an elevated temperature to a panel of suitable thickness.
  • the temperature can be over 80 °C, even up to the boiling point of water or higher.
  • the enzymes are employed as such or together with lignin suspensions, such as kraft lignin or lignin-containing fractions from wood or nonwood plant processing.
  • the third embodiment of the invention can be carried out in a blowline, and/or in a dryer or during any other drying operation. However, it generally comprises the steps of: - providing fibrous lignocellulosic material,
  • the oxidative enzyme is mixed with said fibrous material at a temperature of 85 to 180 °C, in particular about 99 - 170 °C.
  • the activating agent comprising an oxidative enzyme
  • the lignin substance in the adhesive or naturally present in the fibers protects the catalyzing enzyme during the time needed for lignin polymerization to form high strength bonds within the fiber-adhesive matrix in the subsequent pressing process.
  • the activating agent in this application can be formed by the enzyme solution as such with or without additives. The protecting mechanism would appear to be similar in both cases.
  • oxygen plays a decisive role in the enzymatic polymerization of lignin of any origin. This is important in particular for the production of radicals in lignocellulosic material used for the manufacture of fiberboards, particleboards and flakeboards and other similar wood-based products. Thus, in addition to the lignin containing material, also oxygen is needed in sufficient amounts. The oxidative reaction leads to the formation of radicals (e.g. phenoxy radicals) and finally to the polymerization of the material.
  • radicals e.g. phenoxy radicals
  • Oxygen can be supplied by various means, such as efficient mixing, foaming, air enriched with oxygen or oxygen supplied by enzymatic or chemical means, such as peroxides to the solution.
  • any oxygen-containing gas can used, it is preferred to use ambient air, oxygen enriched air, oxygen gas, pressurized systems of these or oxygen releasing chemicals.
  • the oxygen-containing gas can be heated to a temperature of, e.g., 30 to 125 °C when simultaneously used for drying of the fibers.
  • the oxygen-containing gas comprises air, oxygen enriched air, oxygen gas or mixtures thereof used for drying of the fibers.
  • the oxygen contained in the air flow in a blowline and a dryer may be sufficient for provide the oxygen needed in the reaction.
  • Oxygen-containing gas can separately be introduced into the blowline or the dryer, if the normal oxygen content of the air flowing through the blowline or the dryer is insufficient.
  • oxygen is supplied by foaming the activating agent binder.
  • This can be achieved by mixing the soluble fraction lignin with water after which gas is bubbled through the suspension or the suspension is agitated mechanically to form bubbles having a medium diameter of 0.001 to 1 mm, in particular about 0.01 to 0.1 mm.
  • the lignocellulosic material is subjected to radical-producing radiation at a temperature of 25 to 50 °C.
  • the lignocellulosic material is dried to a moisture content of less than 20 % before contacted with radical-producing radiation.
  • the raw material can be treated with the radical-producing radiation in a blowline, in a dryer or in a separate mixing vessel or anywhere from the blowline to the press as long as fluff state and good mixing conditions are prevailing. It is generally preferred to carry out the radiation treatment immediately before the mat forming.
  • the basic sequence of the MDF fiberboard manufacturing process comprises the following main steps:
  • the debarked wood is transferred to a chipper 2. After chipping the chips are screened 3 and washed 4 to remove mineral impurities from the chips. After washing the chips are preheated and, via a conveyor 5 and a feed hopper 6, conducted to a refiner 7 in which they are defiberized.
  • Mechanical defibering is carried out, for example, in a disc refiner 7 in the presence of water steam. Retention time is about 1 to 20 min, for example about 4 min. After refining, the fibers contain some 30 to 70 %, typically about 50 %, moisture based on wet fibers.
  • Drying takes place in a blowline-dryer system 8, 9, 11 in turbulent flow of air or another fluid. Since the blowline 8 connecting the refiner to the dryer 9 is kept at non-pressurized conditions, water will evaporate efficiently during fluid flow transportation already when the pressure is released. Further drying is carried out in the dryer 9, which is also typically operated at non-pressurized conditions.
  • the moisture content of the fibers is typically reduced from 30 - 70 % to about 1- 20 %, in particular about 5 to 15 %.
  • Heated air is introduced to the dryer 9 from compressor/heater 11.
  • the temperature of the drying air is about 170 °C.
  • the temperature of the drying air can be considerably lower, e.g.
  • the fibers are contacted with the activating agent at any point before the formation of said mat.
  • a prerequisite is that the mixing is sufficiently efficient.
  • the fibers can be contacted with the activating agent at any point along the blowline- dryer system, for example, in the blowline at a point near the refiner, in the middle of the blowline-dryer system and/or near the separation means, depending on the specific panel manufacturing process.
  • Some alternative addition points are indicated with arrows 8a, 9a and 9b in Figure 1.
  • the contacting can be effected between the drying stages. The advantage of this contacting point is that the temperature is rather low which provides for enhanced stability of the radicals.
  • the fibers can also be contacted with the activating agent in the fiber bin.
  • the moisture content of the fibrous lignocellulosic material is already somewhat reduced before the activating agent is added.
  • the lignocellulosic material can, however, be dried to a moisture content in the range of 1 to 20 % either after the addition of the activating agent or before the treatment with radical-producing radiation.
  • the fibers are contacted with the activating agent at least 5 minutes before the fibrous mixture is formed into a layered structure to allow for radical formation.
  • the contacting time and the time allowed for radical formation before the fibrous mixture is formed into a layered structure can be even up to several hours.
  • radicals are more rapidly terminated, and it is preferred to proceed to pressing within less than about 60 minutes.
  • the fibrous lignocellulosic material is preferably mixed with processing and/or performance aids before it is pressed into a panel.
  • the major advantage of the invention is the preferable, small amount of the activating agent that is needed for good board properties, which means reductions in the production costs. Another advantage is the possibility to use existing board manufacturing machinery in the production of new type of solely wood-based, high-quality fiberboard.
  • the pressing times are short, typically less than 15 s/mm.
  • Laccases were added to the fibers under conditions similar to those used in the MDF process. Enzyme treated fibers were maintained at 100 °C for different time periods. The residual activities present in the fiber material were measured and compared with residual activities of enzymes in solution without fibers. The results are presented in Table 1.
  • Example 2 Composition of the activating agents/adhesives 1, 2, 3 and 4
  • activating agent 1 a semi commercial neutral Myceliophthora thermophila laccase (abbreviated "N") having a pH optimum of 7 and an activity range of 1000 to 15000 nkat/ml was used .
  • Activating agent 2 was an enzyme culture concentrate of Trametes hirsuta produced on pilot scale having an activity in the range from 1000 to 4500 nkat/g (abbreviated "T"). The pH optimum was 4.5.
  • Adhesives agents 3 and 4 comprised premixed and aerated suspensions of enzymes N and T with Indulin AT kraft lignin, which contained 1000 nkat of enzyme activity per gram of lignin. Table 2. Composition of activating agents/adhesives 1, 2, 3 and 4
  • Fiber material for fiberboards was manufactured in a pilot scale facility using the enzymes of Example 2.
  • the production rates were 65 to 75 kg/h both for birch chips and pine chips.
  • Chips were defiberized in the presence of steam at a refiner pressure of 8 bar (corresponding to a temperature of about 170 °C).
  • Activating agents were added to the fibers in a blowline so that the amount of laccase calculated as enzyme activity per dry fiber mass was from 100 to 400 nkat/g dry fiber or as dry substance amounting to 0.3 to 5 % of dry fibers. Laccase addition temperatures varied between 99 and 170 °C.
  • Enzymatically treated fibers were then dried in the dryer to a moisture content in the range of5.5 to l4 %.
  • Dried fibers were formed to mats measuring 160 mm x 500 mm x 600.
  • the weight of each mat was about 3.5 kg.
  • biobinders In all biobinders the enzyme activities were from 100 to 400 nkat/g. In premixed biobinders the amount of lignin used was 5 % based on the dry fibers.
  • Test panels were manufactured on a laboratory scale by mixing the laccase enzyme having an activity of 100 nkat/g dry fibers into the batch of 500 g of fibers for 10 min. Then the fibers were manually pre-pressed to a thickness of about 150 millimeters. The moisture content of the pre-pressed fiber mat was from 8 to 10 %. Panels of size 200 mm x 200 mm x 12 mm were pressed in a hot press (170 to 190 °C) using pressing times of 20 s/mm. Panels were tested according to EMB standard methods. Lignin-containing materials were tested as binder additives. Results for panels prepared using dry matter separated from process water of the TMP process and dry matter extracted from MDF fibers are presented in Table 4 below.
  • spruce fibers 450 grams are treated with 100 kGy of ⁇ -radiation.
  • the dry fibers are formed to a mat of 200 mm x 200 mm x 100 mm and then pressed to the thickness of 12 mm in a hot press (press temperature 190 °C, press time 20 s/mm).
  • spruce fibers 450 grams are treated with 100 kGy of ⁇ -radiation. 22.5 grams of water is sprayed on the fibers and mixed thoroughly to the radiated fibers. The moistened fibers are formed to a mat of 200 mm x 200 mm x 100 mm and then pressed in a hot press to the thickness of 12 mm.
  • Test panels were manufactured on a laboratory scale by mixing the binder (laccase enzyme activity 100 nkat/g dry fibers) into the batch of 500 g of fibers for 10 min. Then the fibers were manually pre-pressed to a thickness of about 150 millimeters. The moisture content of the pre-pressed fiber mat was from 8 to 10 %. Panels of size 200 mm x 200 mm x 12 mm were pressed in a hot press (170 to 190 °C) using pressing times of 20 s/mm. Panels were tested according to EMB standard methods.

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  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé servant à fabriquer un produit comprimé. Ce procédé consiste à mettre en contact un matériau lignocellulosique avec un agent d'activation afin de produire un matériau lignocellulosique modifié contenant des radicaux libres, à créer une structure stratifiée au moyen de ce matériau modifié et à comprimer ladite couche afin d'obtenir un produit comprimé. D'après cette invention, on met le matériau lignocellulosique en contact avec l'agent d'activation lorsque ledit matériau est à l'état pulvérulent.
PCT/FI2001/000636 2000-07-05 2001-07-03 Procede servant a fabriquer des panneaux de fibre WO2002002288A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001282161A AU2001282161A1 (en) 2000-07-05 2001-07-03 Method of manufacturing fiberboards

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20001612A FI20001612A (fi) 2000-07-05 2000-07-05 Menetelmä kuitulevyjen valmistamiseksi
FI20001612 2000-07-05

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WO2002002288A1 true WO2002002288A1 (fr) 2002-01-10

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AU (1) AU2001282161A1 (fr)
FI (1) FI20001612A (fr)
WO (1) WO2002002288A1 (fr)

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WO2009135798A1 (fr) 2008-05-07 2009-11-12 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Procédé de préparation d'un panneau
DE102008038398A1 (de) * 2008-08-19 2010-02-25 Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Stiftung Öffentlichen Rechts Verwendung von Mediatoren bei der Herstellung von Faserplatten
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EP2285972A2 (fr) * 2008-04-30 2011-02-23 Xyleco, Inc. Transformation de biomasse
DE102009057206B3 (de) * 2009-11-27 2011-09-01 Technische Universität Dresden Lignozelluloser Faserwerkstoff, naturfaserverstärkter Kunststoff und Verfahren zur Herstellung
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CN106834359A (zh) * 2009-02-11 2017-06-13 希乐克公司 加工生物量
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EP3626418A1 (fr) * 2018-09-18 2020-03-25 PolymerTrend LLC. Procédés et dispositifs de fabrication de produits à l'aide des particules contenant de la lignocellulose
CN115609721A (zh) * 2022-11-01 2023-01-17 佳诺威集团股份有限公司 一种低甲醛释放量纤维板及其生产方法

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FI20001612A0 (fi) 2000-07-05
AU2001282161A1 (en) 2002-01-14

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