WO2002001759A1 - Procede de mise en place de groupes de codes d'etalement de spectre orthogonaux - Google Patents

Procede de mise en place de groupes de codes d'etalement de spectre orthogonaux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002001759A1
WO2002001759A1 PCT/CN2000/000179 CN0000179W WO0201759A1 WO 2002001759 A1 WO2002001759 A1 WO 2002001759A1 CN 0000179 W CN0000179 W CN 0000179W WO 0201759 A1 WO0201759 A1 WO 0201759A1
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code
spreading
bits
orthogonal
length
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PCT/CN2000/000179
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Daoben Li
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Linkair Communications, Inc.
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Priority to PCT/CN2000/000179 priority Critical patent/WO2002001759A1/zh
Priority to AU2000253874A priority patent/AU2000253874A1/en
Priority to EP00938469A priority patent/EP1306984A4/en
Priority to CNB008141312A priority patent/CN1142636C/zh
Priority to US10/010,851 priority patent/US20020122463A1/en
Priority to US10/008,202 priority patent/US20030161286A1/en
Publication of WO2002001759A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002001759A1/zh
Priority to HK03102923A priority patent/HK1050773A1/xx

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04JMULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J13/00Code division multiplex systems
    • H04J13/10Code generation
    • H04J13/12Generation of orthogonal codes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04JMULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J13/00Code division multiplex systems
    • H04J13/0007Code type
    • H04J13/004Orthogonal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to any field of spread spectrum and code division multiple access (CDMA) wireless communication technology, especially in the field of cellular mobile communication, a method for forming mutually orthogonal spreading code groups from a spreading code with good autocorrelation characteristics.
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • the cellular mobile communication channel is a typical random time-varying channel.
  • Angular diffusion produces spatially selective fading, that is, signals at different receiving locations have different random fluctuations; frequency diffusion produces time-selective fading, that is, the level of the received signal changes randomly with time; time diffusion produces frequency selectivity Fading, that is, different frequencies of the received signal level will have different random fluctuations.
  • frequency selectivity Fading that is, different frequencies of the received signal level will have different random fluctuations.
  • fading will also significantly reduce the capacity of the system. Diversity is the only way to overcome fading. In addition to traditional explicit diversity techniques, in spread-spectrum and code-division multiple-access systems, you can rely on selective spreading codes to achieve hidden diversity.
  • the non-periodic autocorrelation function of the best spreading code should be completely free of side peaks, that is, the value of its non-periodic autocorrelation function should be all zero except the origin.
  • the non-periodic autocorrelation function between each frequency address code is zero, which Except without Outside the peak, the value of the origin is also required to be zero.
  • both the theory and the results of general computer search prove that there are no optimal spreading codes and spreading multiple access code groups in the complex sub-domains.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a set of mutually orthogonal spreading address codes, so that there is a zero correlation window in the aperiodic autocorrelation function of each address code, and the window width can be arbitrarily changed according to actual needs;
  • the aperiodic cross-correlation function does not necessarily have a zero correlation window, its cross-correlation sub-bees are small and can meet the requirements of practical engineering.
  • the invention provides a method for constructing an orthogonal spread spectrum multiple access code group in a cellular code division multiple access communication system, which is composed of the following steps:
  • each sequence in the sequence group generated in the previous step is added with ⁇ bits at the head and tail to form an extended new sequence with a length of N + 2 ⁇ bits;
  • the new sequence left by screening is used as an orthogonal spreading code group, and a spreading operation is performed in a user transmitter, and each code of the length of the orthogonal spreading code group is N + 2 ⁇ bits, and the first and last ⁇ bits are removed. That is, they are set to true zeros and used for despreading operations in the user receiver.
  • the last and first ⁇ bits of each frequency address code are respectively placed at the first and last parts of the corresponding spreading address code, thereby forming an extended T-frequency address code with a length of N + 2 ⁇ .
  • the present invention can be used to expand it into a mutually orthogonal spreading code group.
  • the periodic autocorrelation function of each address code in the code group still maintains its ideal characteristics.
  • the present invention converts the problem of spreading multiple access codes with non-periodic correlation functions that have zero correlation windows, which is difficult to find in practice, into a problem of finding the ideal spreading code with periodic correlation functions.
  • the search method is simplified, and the search scope is expanded.
  • the sexual shield of the orthogonal spreading code group provided by the present invention is basically independent of the initial phase of each spreading code. Specifically, the auto-correlation function of each spreading code has nothing to do with its initial phase, and for the cross-correlation function, the initial phase only introduces a fixed phase shift, so that the orthogonal spreading code group provided by the present invention can Tolerate a certain degree of Doppler frequency shift and channel phase jitter.
  • the auto-correlation function of each spreading code has nothing to do with its initial phase, and for the cross-correlation function, the initial phase only introduces a fixed phase shift, so that the orthogonal spreading code group provided by the present invention can Tolerate a certain degree of Doppler frequency shift and channel phase jitter.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship of periodic correlation (including auto-correlation and cross-correlation) operations.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the relationship of aperiodic correlation operations (including auto-correlation and cross-correlation).
  • mod N refers to the operation of modulo N; * means complex conjugate;
  • FIG. 1 is a relationship diagram showing the operation of a periodic correlation function r bib
  • PCT / CN00 / 00092's PCT application "Contents of an Orthogonal Transform Method for Spread Spectrum Multi-Address Codes", forming an orthogonal spreading code group with a total of N sequences completely orthogonal to each other
  • b 2 [b 0 , b x e J2 ⁇ , b N _ 2 e J2 ⁇ N - 2) ⁇ , 2 ⁇ —]
  • b k ⁇ _bminister, b 2 e J2 ⁇ , ..., b N _ 2 e MN ⁇ 2 ⁇ , b N _ x e Jk ⁇ N ⁇ 1 ⁇ ]
  • the relative rotation between any two sequences is an integer period, the sequences are completely orthogonal. In this way, from a sequence with an ideal periodic autocorrelation function, through orthogonal rotation transformation, N mutually orthogonal sequences having an ideal periodic autocorrelation function can be generated.
  • a 0 [-0 - - + + + + + + + + - +0 + 0 - + + + -00 + -0--, + + ++] b 0
  • Figure 2 is a relationship diagram of the aperiodic correlation function r bibi (k) operation (including auto-correlation and cross-correlation), because the correlation required in the communication system
  • the characteristics should be aperiodic related characteristics. Among them, * indicates the complex conjugate, the arrow indicates the moving direction, the shift range is the entire code length, and k is the number of shifts.
  • the ⁇ bits at the head and the tail ensure that the width of the zero correlation window is (- ⁇ , ⁇ ), and the middle N bits are still playing the role of spreading.
  • the new sequence order represented by 7 here has nothing to do with the original sequence order.
  • the new one left in the step 5 after being eliminated by screening is used as an orthogonal spreading code group for spreading operation in the user transmitter, but only the corresponding ⁇ b, ⁇ is used in the receiver.
  • the first two tails of ⁇ bits are removed, and only the middle part is used for the despreading operation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Synchronisation In Digital Transmission Systems (AREA)

Description

一种正交扩频多址码组的构造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及任何扩频及码分多址(CDMA )无线通信技术领域, 特别 是在蜂窝移动通信领域中, 从一个自相关特性良好的扩频码形成相互正 交的扩频码组的方法。 发明背景
随着信息化社会及个人通信时代的到来, 人们对提高蜂窝移动通信 系统容量及质量的要求变得越来越迫切了, 而能满足上述要求的最佳选 择是采用扩频及码分多址通信系统, 而扩频及码分多址通信系统盾量优 劣与否又决定于其扩频码的选择。
众所周知, 蜂窝移动通信信道是典型的随机时变信道, 其中存在着 随机性的角扩散、 频率扩散(由多谱勒频移产生)及时间扩散(由多径 效应产生)。 角扩散产生空间选择性衰落, 即不同接收地点的信号会有 不同的随机起伏变化; 频率扩散产生时间选择性衰落, 即接收信号电平 会随时间而作随机起伏变化; 时间扩散产生频率选择性衰落, 即接收信 号电平的不同频 i普分量会有不同的随机起伏变化。 衰落除严重恶化系统 的性能以外,还会大幅度降低系统的容量。克服衰落的唯一途径是分集, 除了传统的显分集技术外, 在扩频与码分多址系统中, 还可以靠选择性 能良好的扩频码来达到隐分集效果。
理论与实践一致证明最佳扩频码的非周期自相关函数应该完全没有 副峰, 即除原点外, 其非周期自相关函数值应全为零。 而对性能最佳的 扩频多址码组, 除要求各扩频地址码的非周期自相关函数完全没有副峰 外, 还要求各 频地址码间的非周期互相关函数处处为零, 即除了无副 峰外, 还要求原点的值也为零。 但是遗憾的是理论与计算机普遍搜索的 结果均证明在复数以下域不存在最佳的扩频码及扩频多址码組。
在发明人为李道本、 国际申请号为 PCT/CN00/00028、 题为 "一种具 有零相关窗的扩频多址编码方法" 的 PCT专利申请中, 指出了在汉向同 步条件下, 对最佳扩频多址码的要求可以放松, 即只要求扩频多址码的 非周期自相关函数在某个窗口 (- Δ, Δ ) 内没有副峰, 扩频多址码间的 非周期互相关函数在窗口 (- Δ, Δ )内处处为零就可以了, 这里 Δ表示信 道的最大时间扩散量加最大的定时误差。 该发明同时给出了构造具有上 述窗口 (- Δ, Δ ) (称为零相关窗)的多址码方法, 但是其码已经超出了 复数以下域的范畴。
在发明人仍为李道本、 国际申请号为 PCT/CN00/00092、 题为 "一种 扩频多地址码的正交变换方法" 的另一 PCT专利申请中, 披露了一种利 用正交旋转变换将一个扩频码变换组成一组正交的扩频地址码组的方 法, 其最大特点在于经不同正交旋转变换的各码之间是正交的, 同时所 产生的各个码, 其自相关函数除引入某些固定相移外与原码相同。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种构造一组相互正交的扩频地址码的方 法, 使得各地址码的非周期自相关函数存在一零相关窗口, 且窗口宽度 可以根据实际需要而任意改变; 其非周期互相关函数虽然并不一定存在 一零相关窗, 但是其互相关副蜂都很小, 能够满足实际工程的要求。
本发明一种应用于蜂窝码分多址通信系统中构造正交扩频多址码组 的方法, 由以下步骤构成:
选取一个长度为 N的周期性自相关函数理想的扩频码;
对该选取的扩频码进行正交旋转变换, 形成相互完全正交的共有 N 个序列的正交扩频码组;
根据零相关窗口宽度 Δ的要求, 对上一步骤所产生的序列组中的每 一个序列增加头尾各 Δ位, 形成长度为 Ν+2Δ位的扩展新序列;
对由前述步骤所产生的正交扩频码形成长度延长为 Ν+2Δ的扩展扩 频码组;
对以上步骤所产生的全部序列之间的非周期互相关函数, 进行筛选 淘汰, 留下互相关函数较小的序列;
将经筛选淘汰留下的新序列作为正交扩频码組, 在用户发射机中作 扩频运算, 将该正交扩频码组的长度为 Ν+2Δ位的各码去掉首尾各 Δ位, 即置它们为真正的零, 并用之在用户接收机中作解扩运算。
上述的扩展是将各 频地址码的末、 首 Δ位分别置于相应扩频地址 码的首、 尾部分, 从而形成长度为 Ν+2Δ的扩展 T频地址码。
实施本发明的有益效果在于:
1、只要能找到一个周期性自相关函数理想的扩频码,利用本发明就 可将之 4广展成一个相互正交的扩频码组。 在码组内各地址码的周期自相 关函数仍然保持其理想特性。
2、本发明将在实际上很难找到的非周期相关函数具有零相关窗口的 扩频多址码的问题转化为寻找周期性相关函数理想的扩频码的问题。 简 化了寻找的方法, 扩展了寻找的范围。
3、 本发明所提供的正交扩频码组的性盾与各扩频码的初相基本无 关。 确切的说, 各扩频码的自相关函数与其初相毫无关系, 而对互相关 函数, 初相仅引入一固定的相移, 这样就使得本发明所提供的正交扩频 码组能容忍一定程度的多谱勒频移及信道相位抖动。 附图简要说明
附图 1是表示周期性相关(含自相关与互相关)运算的关系示意图。 附图 2是非周期相关运算(含自相关和互相关) 的关系示意图。 实施本发明的方式
下面通过实施例及附图对再本发明进行详细阐述。 本发明方法的具体步骤如下:
一、 任意选取一个长度为 N的周期性自相关函数理想的扩频码: b0
Figure imgf000006_0001
周期性自相关函数理想是指:
Figure imgf000006_0002
式中: mod N是指模 N运算; *表示复数共轭;
Figure imgf000006_0003
参看附图 1 , 附图 1是表示周期性相关函数 rbib| (k) (含自相关与互相 关)运算的关系图, 其中 *表示复数共轭, 箭头表示移动方向, 移位范 围为整个码长, k为移位数。
以大区域同步 CDMA ( LAS-CDMA )系统中的广播扩频码为例, 其基本 序列 b。就是一个长为 21位的三元序列:
b0 =[+ + + + + - +0 + 0 - + + -00 + -0 - -]
对其周期自相关函数运算很易证明是完全理想的, b。的任何循环移 位序列也具有完全理想的自相关函数。 二、 对 b。实行全部正交旋转变换 (具体可参见申请号为
PCT/CN00/00092的 PCT申请 "一种扩频多地址码的正交变换方法"之内 容), 形成相互完全正交的共有 N个序列的正交扩频码组
Figure imgf000007_0001
其中:
Figure imgf000007_0002
b, =[b0, , b2eJ2Av bN_2e N-1) (p , — 一 ]
b2=[b0, bxeJ2^ , bN_2eJ2{N-2)^ , 2^— ] bk = \_b„ , b2eJ2^ ,.·., bN_2eMN~2^ , bN_xeJk{N~1^ ]
= [b0, b.e^-^ , b2e - ,··., 2 (w- - 2)Δρ , bN eKN- - ] 其中: Αφ =
N
显见的, 由正交旋转变换所产生的任一序列 b, ( 1=0, 1, ···, N-1) 都具有理想的周期性自相关函数。 另外, 由于任何两序列间的相对旋转 都是整数周期, 各序列间都是完全正交的。 这样从一个有理想周期性自 相关函数的序列, 经正交旋转变换, 可以产生出 N个相互正交的, 均有 理想周期性自相关函数的序列。
三、 根据零相关窗口宽度 Δ的要求, 对由步驟二所产生的序列组中 的每一个序列 b, ( 1=0, 1, ···, N-1)按以下规律增加头尾各 Δ位, 形成 长度为 Ν+2Δ位的新序列 a/
a0 = Δ+1, bN-A+2, " bN-l ,boA'b2, " bN-2 , bN-\ '···, bA-l ]
Figure imgf000007_0003
a, =[b 原始 b,序列的末 M b0 , bxe^ , b2eJ2'^ bN— 卵- , bN_,e 原始 b,序列 b0, ,… Α - 1),ΔΊ 原始 序列的首 Δ位
( 7=0, 1, ···, N-l)
即新序列 ( i=0, 1, ···, N- 1)的首 Δ位为原 b, ( =0, 1, …, N-l) 序列的末 Δ位,新序列 a/ ( 1=0, 1, ···, N- 1)的末 Δ位为原 b, (7=0, 1, ···, N-l )序列的首 Δ位,新序列 a, ( i=0, 1 , …, N-1 )的中间 N位为原 b, ( 7=0, 1, ···, N-l)序列。
例如:若原始的具有理想周期性自相关函数的序列是长为 21位的三 元序列:
b。 =[+ + + + + - +0 + 0— + + -00 + -0 - -] , 所要求的零相关窗口的宽度 Δ=4, 则 aQ应为:
a0 = [-0 - - + + + + + - +0 + 0 - + + -00 + -0-— ,+ + ++] b0的末 4位 b0的首 4位 这样作的目的是转化非周期相关特性至周期相关运算,参看附图 2, 附图 2是非周期相关函数 rbibi(k)运算(含自相关和互相关)的关系图, 因为在通信系统中所要求的相关特性都应该是非周期相关特性。 其中, *表示复数共轭,箭头表示移动方向,移位范围为整个码长, k为移位数。
显然, 在相互移位使得 b,仍处在 a,之内时, 1^与 , ( 7=0, 1, ·■·, N-1 )之间的非周期互相关函数正是 b,自身的周期性自相关函数。这里 a, 头部及尾部的 Δ位确保了零相关窗口的宽度为 (- Δ, Δ), 真正起到了扩 频作用的仍是中间的 N位。
四、 根据对零相关窗口宽度 Δ的要求, 对由步骤二所产生的正交扩 频码, 按以下规律形成长度延长为 Ν+2Δ的扩频码组, 其中: a0 =
Figure imgf000009_0001
, BN-A+2, , BN-l , W2 " , BN-2 , BN-l AA, , -l ]
„ _r/, 0J +1) .7(^-Δ+2)/Δρ h ρΚΝ- )ΙΑφ
b0 , , ,.'·, bNN- , ,
Figure imgf000009_0002
( 7=0, 1, …, -l)
即 ( 1=0, 1, …, N-l)的中间部分仍是原 b, ( 7=0, 1, ···, N-l) 序列, ai ( 7=0, 1, ···, N-l) 的末 Δ位为原 b, ( /=0, 1, …, N- 1 )序 列的首 Δ位, a; ( 7=0, 1, ···, N-l)的首 Δ位为原 b, ( 1=0, 1, ···, N-l) 序列的末 Δ位。 显然, 与 a,之间的非周期互相关函数, 在相互移位使 得 b,仍处在 a,两边界之内时, 它正是 1^的周期性自相关函数。 我们正是 利用了这个特点将周期性相关函数转化为非周期相关函数的。
五、 对全部 与 , Γ =0,1,2, -,Ν-1, 1≠Γ )之间的非周期互 相关函数, 进行篩选淘汰, 留下互相关函数较小能满足实际工程需要的 N0≤ 个序列形成新的 }与 ,} , ( 7=0, 1, 2, ···, N-1 )
这里 7表示的新序列排序与原始序列排序无关。
六、 将由步骤五中经筛选淘汰留下的新 ,}作为正交扩频码组, 在 用户发射机中作扩频运算, 但在接收机中仅使用对应的 {b,}, 即将 中的头尾两个长为 Δ位的码段去掉, 仅使用其中间部分作解扩运算。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种应用于码分多址通信系统中的正交扩频码组的形成方 法, 其特征在于该方法至少包括以下步骤:
首先选取一个长度为 N的周期性自相关函数理想的扩频码, 对之进 行正交旋转变换, 形成共有 N个序列的正交扩频码组;
根据零相关窗口宽度 Δ的要求, 将上述正交扩频码组中的每一个序 列扩展为 Ν+2Δ位, 形成长度延长为 Ν+2Δ位的扩展正交扩频码组; 用扩展后的正交扩频码组作扩频运算, 用未扩展的正交扩频码组作 解扩运算。
2、 根据权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其特征在于所述的扩展是将各 扩频地址码的末、 首 Δ位分别置于相应扩频地址码的首、 尾部分, 从而 形成长度为 Ν+2Δ的扩展扩频地址码。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的方法, 其特征在于将扩展后的长度为 Ν+2Δ位的各码作为扩频多址码, 在用户发射机中作扩频运算; 将该长度 为 Ν+2Δ位的各码去掉首尾各 Δ位, 即置它们为真正的零, 并用之在用户 接收机中作解扩运算。
4、 根据权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其特征在于所述的零相关窗口 宽度 Δ大于或等于信道的最大时间扩散量加最大定时误差。
5、 根据权利要求 1、 2或 3所述的方法, 其特征在于对所形成的 长度为 Ν+2Δ位的扩展码组进行筛选淘汰,保留性能良好的码形成正交扩 频码组, 在用户发射机中作扩频运算; 在接收机中仅使用该码对应的去 掉首尾两个长为 Δ位的码段所组成的扩频码组作解扩运算。
PCT/CN2000/000179 2000-04-18 2000-06-26 Procede de mise en place de groupes de codes d'etalement de spectre orthogonaux WO2002001759A1 (fr)

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PCT/CN2000/000179 WO2002001759A1 (fr) 2000-06-26 2000-06-26 Procede de mise en place de groupes de codes d'etalement de spectre orthogonaux
AU2000253874A AU2000253874A1 (en) 2000-06-26 2000-06-26 A method of constructing quadrature spread spectrum code blocks
EP00938469A EP1306984A4 (en) 2000-06-26 2000-06-26 METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING SQUARE SPREADING SPECTRUM CODE BLOCKS
CNB008141312A CN1142636C (zh) 2000-06-26 2000-06-26 一种正交扩频多址码组的构造方法
US10/010,851 US20020122463A1 (en) 2000-06-26 2001-12-05 Generation of spread-spectrum multiple access codes with zero-correlation windows
US10/008,202 US20030161286A1 (en) 2000-04-18 2001-12-05 Spread spectrum multiple access codes and code groups generated by rotation transformation
HK03102923A HK1050773A1 (en) 2000-06-26 2003-04-24 A method of constructing quadrature spread spectrum code blocks

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WO2004068760A1 (fr) * 2003-01-31 2004-08-12 Linkair Communications, Inc. Procede pour coder et appliquer des codes d'acces multiples a etalement du spectre avec des fenetres de correlation intergroupe nulle
CN103001723A (zh) * 2012-11-20 2013-03-27 中国人民解放军重庆通信学院 一种相互正交的零相关区多相序列集合构造方法

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KR100999239B1 (ko) * 2007-08-14 2010-12-07 한국전자통신연구원 엘에스 코드를 이용한 시분할 다중화 방식의 mimo 채널측정 방법 및 장치
JP5032538B2 (ja) * 2009-08-28 2012-09-26 株式会社東芝 伝送路応答推定器
CN101662331B (zh) * 2009-09-10 2013-11-06 北京清深技术开发中心有限公司 多址编码、传输、译码的方法、装置及系统
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EP3767904A1 (en) 2013-10-29 2021-01-20 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. A method and system using ternary sequences for simultaneous transmission to coherent and non-coherent recievers
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WO2004068761A1 (fr) * 2003-01-31 2004-08-12 Linkair Communications, Inc. Procede pour coder et appliquer des codes d'acces multiples a etalement du spectre dans les temps vides
WO2004068760A1 (fr) * 2003-01-31 2004-08-12 Linkair Communications, Inc. Procede pour coder et appliquer des codes d'acces multiples a etalement du spectre avec des fenetres de correlation intergroupe nulle
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CN1142636C (zh) 2004-03-17
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HK1050773A1 (en) 2003-07-04
EP1306984A1 (en) 2003-05-02
US20020122463A1 (en) 2002-09-05
EP1306984A4 (en) 2005-01-19

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