WO2002001490A9 - Plaque acoustique interactive de precision - Google Patents
Plaque acoustique interactive de precisionInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002001490A9 WO2002001490A9 PCT/FR2001/002088 FR0102088W WO0201490A9 WO 2002001490 A9 WO2002001490 A9 WO 2002001490A9 FR 0102088 W FR0102088 W FR 0102088W WO 0201490 A9 WO0201490 A9 WO 0201490A9
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- plate
- coordinates
- sensors
- screen
- impact
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/043—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means using propagating acoustic waves
- G06F3/0433—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means using propagating acoustic waves in which the acoustic waves are either generated by a movable member and propagated within a surface layer or propagated within a surface layer and captured by a movable member
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to interactive communication devices between a user and a machine.
- the invention relates to a device for collecting and processing acoustic waves transmitted by a user or a sensor to a plate serving as an interface with a machine, said device analyzing the propagation times of the acoustic waves in the plate. in particular to measure the coordinates x r , y r of impacts on the surface of the plate.
- the present invention shows how to further improve this result, which is necessary if one wants to be able to reliably point areas the size of one square centimeter on a plate of four to ten square meters.
- the devices described in the patents cited above are unreliable when the plate is a laminated glass, that is to say an assembly of two or more panes, simple or annealed or toughened, intimately bonded together by the interposition of one or more polymer films such as polyvinyl butyral.
- the use of laminated glasses is a condition more and more often required in public places.
- the polymer constitutes a frame on which the glass shards remain glued, which allows the laminated glass to provide residual protection before replacement.
- the object of the present invention is thus to improve the quality and reliability of the reception of acoustic waves in a device suitable for both simple isotropic or laminated plates.
- the invention will show how to improve the accuracy of the measurement by making it even more independent of the intensity of the shock.
- Another object of the present invention is also to improve the ergonomics of the device in particular by an automated calibration of the plate making it possible to take into account the effects of temperature on the speed of propagation of the acoustic waves and therefore on the precision as well as by establishing a simpler and faster homothetic correspondence between the actual coordinates of an impact on the plate and the screen coordinates of a graphic interface projected directly onto the plate using a video projector, the size of said graphical interface can vary rapidly depending on a desired or accidental movement of the video projector.
- the invention also aims to improve the means of communication made available to the user in order to emulate according to the principle of activation by impact, the operation of a pointer of the mouse type or of an alphanumeric keyboard necessary. looking for information on the Internet.
- the invention finally shows how to mask the impact noises on the display case by a process of superimposing a synthesized sound on the sound resulting from an impact.
- the invention provides a device for acquiring coordinates of points of interaction of an acoustic source with the surface of the plate, possibly laminated, of finite dimensions, comprising a set of acoustic sensors each formed of a pair of piezoelectric transducers located opposite each side of the plate, the device comprising processing means for determining the coordinates of said interaction point by analyzing the difference in propagation time of the acoustic waves emitted by the source to the various sensors, device characterized in that the processing means comprise, in association with each sensor, a respective electronic circuit comprising in cascade means for carrying out broadband pre-amplification, means for selective amplification centered on a first determined frequency , means for detecting the head of the wave packet and for sampling the signal over a time window including the head of the wave packet as well as means for switching the sensors into transmitter or receiver in order to determine the speed of propagation of ultrasonic waves or else carry out a plate integrity check, as well as means for give the acquisition system in an automated way and therefore simple for the
- the sensors are four in number and the piezoelectric transducers of each sensor are piezoelectric ceramic discs glued on either side of the plate, so that four sensors form the vertices of a rectangle whose center constitutes the origin of the coordinates,
- the rectangle defined by the sensors is divided into four quadrants, each quadrant being associated with a triplet of sensors closest to the center of the quadrant responsible for detecting the coordinates of an impact in this quadrant with a measurement accuracy better than that which would be obtained with the other triplets,
- the piezoelectric ceramic discs have a silver back enabling electrical connections to be made on the same face of the disc, -
- the piezoelectric ceramics are of the ferroelectric type, -
- the silvering return is preferably cylindrical symmetry. When the silvering return does not respect the cylindrical symmetry, it is positioned so that the sensor has the most omnidirectional sensitivity possible, -
- the electrical connections of the two piezoelectric transducers of each sensor are connected in parallel, the polarization vectors being mounted symmetrically with respect to the median plane of the plate so that the slower asymmetrical modes are discriminated against and the symmetrical modes faster, preferred, -
- the location of an impact point on a plate in one of the four quadrants defined by the pair of bits (g y , g x ) consists in measuring the difference in flight times between two sensors, taken from a triplet of sensors , defining a first direction and two sensors, taken from the same triplet of sensors, defining a second direction perpendicular to the first, so that the Cartesian coordinates of the point of impact (x r , y r ) on the plate are given by the formula :
- p and q are positive numbers representing respectively the abscissa and the ordinate of the position of the sensors relative to the center of the rectangle defined by the sensors, v the speed of the detected plate mode, that is to say say, for a laminated glass, that of the fastest mode, ⁇ t xg , (respectively ⁇ t yg ) the difference in propagation times of the wave packet generated by the impact, between the sensors of the first pair located in the half -rectangle g x (respectively of the second pair located in the half-rectangle g y ),
- the determination of the triplet of sensors associated with a given impact is carried out according to an algorithm searching for the greatest difference in flight time available between the sensors in two perpendicular directions, - Said electronic circuits associated with the sensors cascade a wide preamplifier stage band, a selective amplifier stage in the ultrasonic band, a square elevator stage, a peak detector stage, an integrator stage, a stage of adaptation to a logic level constituting a synchronization signal “SYNC” intended on the one hand for approximate calculation of the position of an impact, on the other hand to control the stopping of the digital recording of the signal associated with the sensor, on the other hand at the start of the sound enrichment procedure, described below,
- the electronic circuits associated with the respective sensors comprise, downstream of said selective amplification means, synchronous digital analog converters associated with FIFO memories
- the difference in flight times between the sensors is deduced, on the one hand, from the time intervals between the synchronization signals, on the other hand, from the time intervals separating the synchronization signals from the heads of the wave packets,
- the electronic circuits associated with the respective sensors comprise, upstream of said means of selective amplification, a bypass towards means for digitization, analysis and frequency enhancement of the audible acoustic signal generated by the impact on the plate, as well as means to convert the enriched digital signal into an analog signal and send it to speakers so as to mask the discomfort caused by the impact in the form of a more pleasant sound reproducing for example the noise of a percussion instrument at within a symphonic composition, or the sound of an animal or a natural event, said enrichment means being implemented at the very moment when the first of the four synchronization signals is activated,
- the measurement of the time interval separating a synchronization signal from the head of the associated wave packet consists in determining the instants of zero crossing of the digitized signal by going back in time from the switching instant defined by SYNC, while a test on the sum of the amplitudes between the zero crossings, ie a test on the mean value of the signal per half-period, decides on the continuation of the algorithm.
- a test on the sum of the amplitudes between the zero crossings ie a test on the mean value of the signal per half-period
- At least one of the sensors is capable of being switched into the transmitter of an ultrasonic wave packet detected by the other sensors whose positions are known in order, on the one hand, to measure the propagation speed of the temperature-dependent ultrasound, on the other hand, to trigger a plate integrity test, by measuring the difference in propagation time of the wave packet between the different sensors, - Management of all stages of measurement, processing and transfer of data via a serial communication interface, either to an LCD display, or to an interface for musical instruments (MIDI interface), or to a more powerful computer such as a microcomputer via its RS232 port or USB is governed by a microcontroller, -
- the device constitutes a peripheral interface with a machine which receives the signals coming from the processing means and which according to said signals controls the execution of fic yesterday contained in the computer by various peripherals of known types connected to the computer such as for example without limitation a video projector, light sources, speakers, a printer, or even an automation unit controlling a mechanical action such as closing a protective curtain,
- the system has software means to emulate the operation of another device such as a mouse pointer or a keyboard and constitutes a peripheral interface with computer which controls in function of the signals from the processing means the execution of files contained in the computer or, via a modem or a network card, the execution of files contained remotely on a server,
- the computer is associated with a flat screen of large dimensions or, better, a computer video projector projecting on a portion called the screen area of the surface of the plate, at least one of the faces of which is in frosted glass, the information available from an Internet portal,
- the surface frosting can be replaced by the installation of a diffusing film, possibly in combination with a Fresnel lens playing the role of directional magnifier, that is to say of directional light concentrator allowing to use the graphic interface. , even in broad daylight,
- the device has software means making it possible to display, reduce or move a keyboard on the screen area.
- the device has software means making it possible to establish, in a rapid and simplified automated manner, a homothetic correspondence between the actual physical coordinates in millimeters of a impact and the graphic coordinates in pixels of this impact when it is produced inside the graphic area.
- the axes of the graphic and real coordinate systems are parallel and the said software means involve the following operations:
- N 0 (i, j) where i and j are screen coordinates, close to the screen origin.
- This target is displayed on the acoustic plate at the real coordinates No (x a , y c ) - An impact made at the location where the target appears allows these real coordinates to be collected via the acquisition card.
- a second target of screen coordinates N ⁇ (k, I) is displayed then ready maximum screen coordinates.
- the corresponding real coordinates N ⁇ (xt ,, yd) are obtained by an impact opposite the target.
- a reference target is displayed one last time in the center of the graphic screen.
- the impact made against the target is converted into screen coordinates according to the above formula.
- the calculated position is compared to the reference position. If the deviation is below a certain threshold, the calibration operation is validated. Otherwise it is renewed.
- the device has software means so that the portion of the plate that does not serve as a screen is nonetheless interactive and is configured as an extension of the screen area, in particular an impact made on the left (respectively, on the right, above, below) of the screen area moves the screen content to the right
- the device has software means so that the portion of the plate which serves screen is considered as a special zone allowing to leave or switch from any software application managing the execution of groups of programs associated with various zones of the plate located off screen.
- the system has software means so that any impact made on the plate outside the screen area is associated with the execution of a chosen application, manager of the workspace located off screen, such as for example l where, from the homothetic correspondence established between the pixels of a digital photo of the acoustic plate and the physical coordinates of these pixels on the acoustic plate, groups of programs are executed following an impact on a given area of the plate.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a rectangular plate giving the location and the coordinates of the sensors, the defined real and graphic references, as well as the real and graphic coordinates of three impacts on the plate.
- the figure 2-a is a screen capture of a dialog window allowing to configure the graphic interface and to define the authorized zone in which the impacts are interpreted as events of a mouse pointer type.
- Figures 2-b to 2-f are screen captures of the calibration procedure of the graphic interface allowing to establish the homothetic correspondence between the physical coordinates and the screen coordinates of the portion of the plate playing the role of screen.
- FIG. 3a is a screen capture of the main keys of an alphanumeric keyboard occupying approximately the entire width of the graphic screen and approximately 1/3 of its height.
- the keyboard is enriched with 2 additional keys allowing it to be moved or reduced in size to two floating buttons according to Figure 3b.
- FIG. 4 is a chronogram of the main steps for measuring the difference in transit time between two sensors.
- FIG. 5a is a block diagram of the general architecture of the acquisition card designed on the basis of analog and digital circuits with, in particular, the use of a microcontroller capable of carrying out data processing for the calculation of the instant arrival of the wave packet and the transfer of the data by a serial communication protocol to a microcomputer or another device.
- FIG. 5b is an electrical diagram of the PMP module of FIG. 5a and representing a generator delivering a high voltage HV using a diode pump, synchronous with the system clock of the microcontroller.
- Figure 6 is a schematic sectional view of the symmetrical mounting of the piezoelectric transducers of a sensor intended to detect the mode S 0 corresponding to the fastest vibrations propagating in a laminated glass.
- Figures 7a and 7b show the signals from the transducers of Figure 6 in response to an impact distant from 70 cm (Figure 7a) and 130 cm (Figure 7b), after selective amplification around 100 kHz.
- FIG. 7c shows in more detail the loss of symmetry observed in the modes S 0 detected by the transducers PZTb and PZTa of FIG. 6 in the case of a laminated glass consisting of an assembly of 2 plates of thickness 6 mm sandwiching a polymer film.
- Figure 8 is a block diagram of the detection device with 3 sensors glued in the corners to free the sides of the plate
- FIG. 9 shows the uncertainty of localization of an impact at nine places on the plate of the device of FIG. 8 when the detection of the instant of arrival of the wave packet is known to within 1 ⁇ s
- FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the transit times between an impact and the sensors of a detection system with four sensors operating in triplet of sensors each operating on a given quadrant of the plate.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram of part of the internal architecture of the programmed component “wavepro4” in FIG. 5.
- a PLQ plate comprising four pairs PZTOO, PZT10, PZTOl, PZTl l of piezoelectric transducers which each constitute an acoustic sensor, the two transducers of each pair being fixed opposite -screw on the two opposite faces of the plate for example by gluing to collect the acoustic waves circulating in the plate.
- the direction of the electrical polarizations and the electrical connections are respectively symmetrical with respect to the median plane of the plate and antiparallel or antisymmetric with respect to the median plane and parallel so as to discriminate any antisymmetric propagation mode and to favor any symmetrical propagation mode.
- An orthogonal coordinate system x, y of origin O is associated with the plate PLQ, the center of the plate possibly coinciding with the origin O of the coordinate system.
- the four sensors constitute the vertices of a rectangle.
- the x and y axes intersect the midpoints of the sides.
- PZTOO, PZT10, PZTOl, PZTl 1 have the respective coordinates (-p, -q) and (- p, q), (p, -q), (p, q).
- Acoustic waves can be generated by the impact of an object on the plate.
- the plate is an assembly of at least 2 isotropic plates each made of a rigid material constituting a good isotropic acoustic conductor around 100 kHz such as glass.
- the plates are rigidly connected to each other by a polymer film such as polyvinyl butiral, denoted PNB.
- the thickness of the polymer film is of the order of one to two millimeters. Its intrinsic acoustic impedance is small compared to that of glass, so we will continue in this talk to assume, as a first approximation, that each of the plates constituting laminated glass is capable of propagating symmetrical and antisymmetric Lamb waves.
- the modes propagate in a plate and from one plate to another of the laminated. A shock produced on the surface of the laminated glass gives rise in the plates to coupled symmetrical modes as well as to coupled asymmetric modes.
- FIGS. 7a and 7b clearly show this phenomenon of greater relative attenuation for the asymmetric modes: there we see the signals collected independently by the transducers PZTa and PZTb of FIG. 6 after selective amplification at 100 kHz.
- the signals of figure 7a are a response to a shock generated at 0.7 m distance, while the signals of figure 7b are a response to a shock generated at 1.3 m.
- the S 0 modes of the upper and lower plates are no longer totally in phase opposition, so that it is no longer possible to discriminate the S 0 mode effectively and whatever the intensity of the shock, according to known methods described in the cited patents.
- the aim of the present invention is to show how to detect the symmetrical modes in a reliable manner.
- the invention proposes to keep a mounting with 2 transducers facing each other according to the symmetrical mounting and the electrical connections in parallel of the transducers PZTa and PZTb of FIG. 6, to ensure this time of the discrimination of the antisymmetric modes of greater amplitude near receivers.
- the intensity and phase of the symmetrical modes depend on the angle of impact on the display case.
- the waveforms recorded by the receivers are therefore highly variable.
- they decrease in amplitude and change shape according to the dispersion curves characterizing the Lamb modes, that is to say that the mechanical waves associated with audible frequencies have a lower phase and group speed than mechanical waves associated with higher ultrasonic frequencies.
- This has the effect of renewing the shape of the head of the wave packet, which makes frequency components appear higher and higher during propagation. This is not the case with fashions symmetrical whose waveform is preserved because they are very little dispersive for the ultrasonic frequencies considered and the thicknesses of plate envisaged.
- the present invention proposes a modification of the method for detecting the instant of arrival of the wave packet.
- This modification consists in carrying out a measurement in two stages.
- the first step is the same as the method known in patent 9816229 and the principle of which has just been recalled. It makes it possible to determine in a first approximation the instant of arrival of a packet and provides synchronization signals for the second step.
- the second step new, consists, for each sensor, in continuously sampling the signal at the output of the selective amplifier centered on a high ultrasonic frequency, around 100 K ⁇ z, and in saving the samples in a FIFO memory (First in first out ) of sufficient depth to store the equivalent of 10 acoustic periods.
- FIFO memory First in first out
- the depth of the FIFO memory will be 128 samples.
- Continuous sampling is performed independently for each pair of sensors.
- Signal sampling is stopped by the synchronization signal.
- the content of the FIFO memory then frozen, contains a digital recording of the head of the wave packet.
- the analysis of this content provides the time interval between the synchronization signal and the head of the wave packet making it possible to go up, so independent of the amplitude or phase of the signal, at the time of arrival of the packet head.
- the precision on the measurement of this instant is then imposed only by the sampling frequency, the signal to noise ratio and the number of quantization bits.
- the receiver which is the quickest to reach the energy threshold for detection of the component at 100 kHz defines the origin of the times and triggers a time count until the arrival of the wave packet on the other receivers.
- This dating of events can possibly be called into question during the second stage, in this case when the difference in propagation times is very small.
- FIG. 8 illustrates this detection principle with three sensors forming a right triangle.
- the axes of the physical coordinate system as well as its origin remain unchanged compared to the configuration with four sensors of FIG. 1.
- the transducers of the present invention have silver returns making it possible to produce the connections on the same face of the sensor and subsequently bonding with a fluid insulating adhesive.
- the measurements of the transit time differences of a packet of waves are preferably made in two orthogonal directions.
- Figure 9 illustrates this uncertainty by solid rectangles whose size, given in millimeters, is displayed in 9 different places on a plate with dimensions 1400 mm x 800 mm. It is noted that the uncertainty on the position of the impact remains less than 7 mm 2 in the quadrant (1.0) while it reaches 80 mm 2 in the quadrant (0.1). It is therefore advantageous to restrict the use of the configuration of FIG. 8 to a single quadrant, the quadrant (1,0). However, the same precision can be obtained on the other quadrants if the detection triplet is changed when the impact changes quadrant. Thus, for a given impact, we first determine the quadrant (g y , g x ) to which it belongs, then we calculate the coordinates (x r , y r ) according to the formula associated with this quadrant.
- FIG. 10 shows a rectangular plate with four pairs of silver feedback sensors bonded in the corners, the silver returns being oriented so that the angular response of the sensors is as uniform as possible over an angular reception range of ⁇ / 2.
- the sensors also form a rectangle and make it possible to define a Cartesian coordinate system, the center of which is the center of the rectangle formed by the sensors and the axes of which pass through the middle of the sides, similar to Figure 1.
- the Cartesian coordinates of the sensors are (-p, -q), (- p, + q), (+ p, + q), ( + P, ⁇ ⁇ -
- the acoustic waves move at speed v. The propagation times to the sensors of a wave packet generated by an impact in
- the coordinates (x r , y r ) are obtained by solving a system of equations, valid for a given quadrant.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the steps for measuring the time of flight difference in the “y” direction from the PZTOO and PZT10 sensors and the acquisition card described according to the block diagram of FIG. 5.
- the signals represented are: - the signals at the output of the selective filters centered on 100 kHz, FCH00 and FCH10,
- SPOO to SPl l are the outputs of flip-flops D associated with the SYNCOO signals to
- the FIFO 10 and FIFO00 memories each contain a digitization of the head of the wave packet detected by the respective sensors PZT10 and PZTOO.
- the two-step method of determining coordinates here shows the improvement it brings: in fact, it was not possible with the analog detection system using an active integrator to have the precise moment of arrival of the packet of waves, simply by the fact that it is not possible to know the time that the active integrator takes to pass from a positive saturated state close to +10 V, in the absence of signal, to a saturated state negative close to -10 Volts by signal integration.
- the signal passes at a given time below the switching threshold THR of the PMOS transistor responsible for adapting this transition to logic levels compatible with the CMOS logic, characterized by a supply voltage NCC which may be 5 Volts.
- the switching threshold of the PMOS transistor is located approximately 1.5 volts below NCC, or 3.5 volts.
- the integrator TT transition time is thus the switching time from +10 V to + 3.5 V triggered by the arrival of the wave packet. This time depends on the amplitude of the envelope of the quadratic signal SQ, of the gain provided by the active integrator, as well as of the specific characteristics of the operational amplifier used to make the integrator.
- the integration time can be reduced by increasing the gain of the amplifier as well as by reducing the positive voltage of the saturated state, this arrangement is faced with the problem of the compromise that must be found between sensitivity and reliability. . Too high a gain could cause the integrator to switch to a spurious signal, while a too low gain generates a loss of precision due to a more variable integration time between a low intensity impact and a high intensity impact.
- the gain of the integrator is kept high enough to keep good immunity to noise and the integration time corresponding to the interval TT is known.
- the measurement of the interval TT consists for example of rectifying the digitized signal, then of creating an interpolation curve from the peak amplitudes of the rectified digitized signal.
- the intersection of the interpolation curve with the time axis corresponding to the output value of the sampler in the absence of a signal provides the instant t- HD origin of the packet.
- Another preferred solution for measuring the TT interval consists in starting from the synchronization instant situated at one end of the window and in searching for the successive moments of zero crossing towards the head of the packet. The instants of zero crossing make it possible to lock onto the period of the digitized signal, while a test on the sum of the amplitudes between the zero crossings, that is to say by half-periods, decides on the continuation of the algorithm.
- each sensor is associated with an analog acquisition channel.
- the channels associated with the PZTOO, PZTOl, PZTll sensors are equivalent.
- the analog channels are characterized by a wideband amplification A1 and A2 followed by a selective FCH amplification in the ultrasonic band, followed by a derivation one channel of which goes to an 8-bit ADC analog digital converter with positive measurement range.
- the tensions positive inputs are obtained using high pass filtering and a bias bridge using the components Ca, Ra, Rb, Rc.
- the converter is controlled by CTA control logic signals from a ⁇ C microcontroller.
- the CAN converter supplies the input of a FIFO memory.
- the data in the memory is transferred via an 8-bit bus of DATA data and other CTF control signals, controlling the loading, unloading, resetting of the memory pointers, setting the impedance of the output bus, signals indicating the filling state of the FIFO memory, in the ⁇ C RAM memory, to be processed there locally and / or to be transferred there to another device or a more powerful computer such as a microcomputer via a parallel or serial communication which can be a USB, MIDI, or RS232 port.
- the logic levels between the microcontroller and the microcomputer are adapted using an LGCSHF logic level adapter.
- the other channel originating from the derivation supplies a step-up stage square followed by an envelope detection stage followed by an integrator stage supplying a PMOS transistor for adaptation to a CMOS logic level.
- the channel associated with the PZT10 sensor also has a high voltage block for switching in transmission mode.
- the high voltage is produced by the PMP module explained by the diagram in FIG. 5B and comprising a diode pump D21 at
- the D26 and capacitors C21 to C25 supplied by the logic signal XHT whose high logic level is adapted to the +12 V potential using the transistors T10 and T1 and the low logic level at the potential -12 V using the transistors T12 and T13.
- the XHT signal comes from a logic “and” function between the XBUF system clock signal from the microcontroller and the CGPP signal activated at high level when a plate integrity test or propagation speed measurement procedure ultrasound is triggered. Without validation by the CGPP signal, the high-voltage module does not produce the high-voltage HV close to 70 V.
- the switching block is managed by the programmed logic component wavepro4 responsible for creating the logic excitation burst and counting the time of propagation of acoustic waves between the PZT10 sensor and the other sensors.
- the wavepro4 programmed logic component is controlled by the ⁇ C microcontroller.
- the programmed counters are powered by the same XBUF system clock frequency as that of the microcontroller. This frequency is also the sampling frequency of analog-digital ADCs.
- the burst is obtained using the logic signals SRC and SNK responsible for controlling the opening of the switching transistors SWHTC and SWHTK.
- the CMRC and CMSH transistors are respectively responsible for putting the sensor in reception mode or for short-circuiting the input of the analog amplification channel to protect it from high voltage.
- the component has logic flip-flops FF1 to FF4 of type D triggered by the synchronization signals SYNCOO to SYNC11. Logical combinations between the outputs of these flip-flops validate flip-flops FF5 and FF6 whose outputs are the signals SSx 0 and SSxi, while other logical combinations define the logical functions ⁇ txs 0 and ⁇ txsi representing the time intervals used for the calculation the time of flight difference between the sensors.
- a logical "and" function between the XBUF clock signal and the ⁇ txs 0 and ⁇ txsi functions respectively supply the 12-bit counters (QOx ⁇ -QOxo) and (Qlx ⁇ ..Qlxo) associated with 3-state output registers, each register being identified and activated by the address decoder (A3..A0).
- the 4 most significant bits of the counters (Q0x ⁇ ..Q0x 0 ) and (Qlx ⁇ ..Qlxo) share the same output register in the following order most significant on the left: ((QOx ⁇ .. Q0x 8 ), (Qlx ⁇ . .Qlx 8 )).
- the logic flip-flops FF1 to FF4 and FF7, FF8 make it possible to reproduce in the same way the logic functions SSy 0 , SSyi and ⁇ tys 0 , ⁇ tysi, which via a logic "and" with the clock signal XBUF respectively supply the 12-bit counters (Q0y ⁇ ..Q0y 0 ) and (Qly ⁇ ..Qlyo) also associated with 3-state output registers.
- the 4 most significant bits of the counters (Q0y ⁇ ..Q0y 0 ) and (Qlyn-Qlyo) share the same output register in the following order, most significant on the left: ((Q0y n .. Q0y 8 ), (Qly plausible..Qly 8 )).
- the component also creates IntHF and IntBF logic functions routed to output pins of the wavepro4 component and producing when they switch to the high level, an interrupt request detected by the microC microcontroller ⁇ C having inputs provided for this purpose.
- the IntBF function is created from the FFBF type D logic flip-flop.
- the flip-flop clock input comes from a FBF selective amplifier stage centered on 10 KHz or preferably on the upper part of the audible spectrum delivering a signal adapted to CMOS logic by the NMOS10 transistor. The FFBF flip-flop thus validates the presence of spectral energy in the upper part of the audible spectrum.
- the IntHF logic function is created from a logic “or” between the outputs Q of flip-flops FFl to FF4 validating the presence of spectral energy in the ultrasonic band around 100 kHz.
- the time interval between IntHF and IntBF interrupts characterizes an impact on the plate. Given the lower frequency spectrum to which it is attached, the IntBF interrupt always occurs after IntHF. When it does not occur or if it occurs after a timeout, the measurement is refused because it is likely to have been caused by an untimely ultrasonic signal having spread to the plate by the ground .
- the outputs Q of the logic flip-flops FF1 to FF4 are routed by means of a logic AND with the signal XBUF to the output pins of the component wavepro4 and form the respective clock signals LDCK00, LDCK01, LDCK10, LDCK11 of the memories FIFO00 to FIFO11.
- the FIFO memories are thus frozen at the instant of switching of the SYNCij signals, with i and j being equal to 0 or i.
- the impact intensity is quantified by diverting the output signal from a selective high frequency amplifier, i.e. in the vicinity of 100 kHz, for example that of FCH00 to a 12-bit impact counter , programmed in the component wavepro4 whose clock input CLKi is the signal FCH00 adapted to CMOS logic
- the microcontroller is preferably with RISC architecture. Its XBUF system clock is a multiple of the frequency 32768 Hz of the QRTZ quartz.
- the microcontroller has counters / timers, several input / output ports operating with and without interruption, RAM, PROM or electrically programmable EPROM or FLASH memory reprogrammable, in situ programming means of the JTAG type program code, as well as serial communication means to other devices. It has at least four capture / compare functions allowing you to date time events.
- the synchronization signals SYNCOO, SYNC01, SYNC 10, SYNC 11 are in particular connected to the capture / compare ports.
- the microcontroller has an arithmetic and logic unit allowing it to calculate the Cartesian coordinates of the impact, as well as to quantify the intensity of the impact. This solution is considered when it is necessary to rapidly transmit the intensity and position information relating to the impact.
- the acoustic plate as a piano or a two-dimensional percussion instrument.
- a key then corresponds to a sound or elementary audiovisual event executed in a predefined manner, when a given portion of the plate is struck with a more or less strong intensity.
- a rapid response time is sought, typically less than ten milliseconds.
- the acoustic plate is of smaller dimensions, of the order of 0.25 m 2 .
- the microcontroller is then responsible for all processing and the communication of information (x r , y r , impact counters) via the MIDI interface defined for digital musical instruments.
- the invention proposes to improve the ergonomics and the comfort of use of the display case by addressing the problem of noise annoyance caused by the impact of 'an object on the plate according to a process of masking the sound generated by the impact, by a synthesized sound triggered by IntHF. Indeed, the synchronization signals switch at the beginning of the audible sound generated by the percussion.
- the system according to the invention comprises, as has been said, a computer which receives the signals from the electrical processing circuits.
- the computer can, depending on these signals, emulate the operation of certain peripherals such as a mouse pointer or a keyboard.
- peripherals such as a mouse pointer or a keyboard.
- the acoustic plate is associated with a large screen such as a plasma screen or a video projector projecting the graphical interface on the surface of the acoustic plate, it is possible to establish a homothetic correspondence between the screen coordinates in pixels and the physical coordinates in millimeters of any impact so that a graphical pointer appears on the screen next to the impact. It must be possible to establish this correspondence knowing that the relative positions of the video projector and the plate may change accidentally.
- the invention provides a quick and simple interface calibration procedure. The procedure is carried out in five stages with reference to figures 2-b, 2-c, 2-d, 2-e and 2-f.
- the operator ensures beforehand and by orienting his video projector as necessary that the axes of the Cartesian graphic and physical references are collinear.
- the actual calibration procedure can then begin.
- the figure 2-b is a screen of presentation of the procedure.
- the operator must make an impact on the plate to pass to the stage illustrated in the figure 2-c.
- a target appears on the screen.
- the screen coordinates N 0 (i, j) of the target are known and close to the origin of the screen coordinates.
- the impact on the plate opposite the target provides the software with the corresponding Cartesian physical coordinates No (x a , y c ).
- a second target appears with known screen coordinates N ⁇ (k, l) close to the maximum screen coordinates.
- the calibration software determines the corresponding Cartesian physical coordinates N ⁇ (X b , y).
- the software then has enough information to determine the screen coordinates (N qx , N qy ) of any other impact from its physical coordinates (x r , y r ) according to the following correspondence formula:
- stage 4 illustrated by the figure 2-e a target appears in the middle of the screen, for example of screen coordinates (400,300) for a screen displaying with a maximum SVGA resolution of (800,600).
- the operator is asked to make an impact with respect to the target, which leads to step 5 illustrated in FIG. 2-f.
- a dialog window appears displaying on one side the expected screen coordinates ATX and ATY, ie (400,300) and on the other the screen coordinates deduced RESX and RESY from the above correspondence formula.
- the difference exceeds a certain threshold, in practice of ten pixels, it is advisable to repeat the procedure.
- any impact at a given location on the plate, located opposite the screen, can be viewed on the screen by a graphic pointer.
- a software driver then makes it possible to ensure that these impacts are interpreted as events of another pointing device, such as for example a mouse type device. An impact on the plate will thus be interpreted as a click or a double-click of the mouse at the location of the screen coordinates of the impact.
- the impacts can be interpreted as events associated with other devices, in particular of the keyboard type. This is very useful when browsing the Internet and wanting to communicate information requiring the entry of alpha numeric characters.
- the invention provides for this purpose a menu bar, floating and always accessible shown in Figure 3-B. This bar is placed in a corner of the screen. It contains a limited number of icons in order to hide as little graphic area as possible. However, if despite this minimal space requirement, the bar hides a document in the background, it is possible to move it to another corner of the screen indicated by the icon K03 representing a menu bar associated with an arrow indicating the corner in which will be the floating menu bar the next time you hit this icon. Successive impacts on this icon will have the effect of moving the bar in the four corners of the screen, the movement towards another corner being done in an anticlockwise direction.
- the second visible icon K04 on the figure 3-B represents a keyboard.
- An impact made next to this icon triggers the appearance of the alphanumeric keyboard of figure 3 -A.
- the keyboard contains a limited number of alphanumeric keys according to a configurable format, French AZERTY type or American QWERTY type.
- the keyboard occupies the entire width of the screen, but only a third of its height. Again, an additional K01 key is provided to move it up or down in case it hides the document of interest located in the background.
- the key represents a keyboard with an arrow above or below depending on whether the keyboard is respectively in the lower or upper part of the screen.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to the addition of a functionality making it possible to limit the portion of the plate on which the impacts emulate the events of the graphic pointer of the mouse type (click; double click, etc.).
- the functionality aims to prevent a user from leaving a software application by clicking in the close icons or in the drop-down menus. You just have to define an area of the screen allowing the interpretation of the impacts in events of the mouse device. An impact carried out outside the authorized zone will possibly trigger the display of a message.
- the message can be in the form of a graphic window whose contours delimit the authorized zone.
- the procedure for defining the authorized zone is illustrated in Figure 2a. It shows a dialog window.
- the authorized zone is defined either by directly entering the screen coordinates (X, Y) of the upper left corner, followed by the data of the width L and height H of the zone in pixels, or by direct acquisition of these data by successively activating the "acquire" keys and performing the acoustic impacts in the upper left and lower right corners of the zone to be defined.
- the impacts are then converted into screen coordinates, from which the data displayed in the fields provided for direct input of values are extracted.
- This dialog window also contains a schematic image of the plate used to configure the acquisition of the coordinates.
- the symbols p and q defining the Cartesian coordinates of the sensors throughout this description are replaced in the figure respectively by the symbols CH and CV.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices Characterised By Use Of Acoustic Means (AREA)
- Position Input By Displaying (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/070,333 US6933930B2 (en) | 2000-06-29 | 2001-06-29 | Accurate interactive acoustic plate |
EP01949585A EP1295246A1 (fr) | 2000-06-29 | 2001-06-29 | Plaque acoustique interactive de precision |
AU2001270711A AU2001270711A1 (en) | 2000-06-29 | 2001-06-29 | Accurate interactive acoustic plate |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR00/08372 | 2000-06-29 | ||
FR0008372A FR2811107B1 (fr) | 2000-06-29 | 2000-06-29 | Plaque acoustique interactive de precision |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002001490A1 WO2002001490A1 (fr) | 2002-01-03 |
WO2002001490A9 true WO2002001490A9 (fr) | 2002-09-19 |
Family
ID=8851848
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2001/002088 WO2002001490A1 (fr) | 2000-06-29 | 2001-06-29 | Plaque acoustique interactive de precision |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6933930B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1295246A1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2001270711A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2811107B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2002001490A1 (fr) |
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JP3862516B2 (ja) * | 2001-05-15 | 2006-12-27 | 富士通株式会社 | タッチパネル装置 |
-
2000
- 2000-06-29 FR FR0008372A patent/FR2811107B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-06-29 AU AU2001270711A patent/AU2001270711A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-06-29 EP EP01949585A patent/EP1295246A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-06-29 US US10/070,333 patent/US6933930B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-29 WO PCT/FR2001/002088 patent/WO2002001490A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6933930B2 (en) | 2005-08-23 |
EP1295246A1 (fr) | 2003-03-26 |
US20030066692A1 (en) | 2003-04-10 |
FR2811107A1 (fr) | 2002-01-04 |
FR2811107B1 (fr) | 2002-10-18 |
AU2001270711A1 (en) | 2002-01-08 |
WO2002001490A1 (fr) | 2002-01-03 |
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