WO2001097604A1

WO2001097604A1 - Material for agriculture, forestry and livestock industry by using coconut fruit press cake, process for producing the same and method of feeding livestock

Info

Publication number: WO2001097604A1
Application number: PCT/JP2001/005211
Authority: WO
Inventors: Mayuki Oonuma; Kan Kato; Yasuhiko Inoue
Original assignee: Cyber Systems Co., Ltd.
Priority date: 2000-06-22
Filing date: 2001-06-19
Publication date: 2001-12-27
Also published as: AU2001264323A1

Abstract

A material with the use of coconut usable in agriculture, forestry and livestock industry which comprises as the main component a press cake obtained after separating coconut fruits from a starting coconut material and further collecting coconut oil therefrom. Thus, the starting coconut oil material can be fully utilized. Further, the material for agriculture, forestry and livestock industry has an improved heat retaining property, water retaining property and miscibility with other organic matters. Moreover, the problem of sharp spines of coconut shell can be overcome. In addition, the material can be easily fermented and thus converted into organic fertilizers.

Description

Agricultural, forestry and livestock materials using palm fruit pomace, their production and livestock breeding methods

The present invention relates to a material for agriculture, forestry and livestock using fruit pomace in a raw palm, a method for producing the same, and a method for raising livestock. Light

Background art

Conventionally, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-2358, No. 4, the fruit and bunches separated from the raw coconut were cut and separated from coconut chips with a fiber length of 5 to 35 mm, which were obtained by separation. A bedding material for livestock barns using a fibrous mass having a thickness of 50 mm or more has been proposed.

However, the bedding for livestock barns derived from such coconut chips has the following problems.

(1) Only coconut chips were used, and the fruits were incinerated without being used, and the overall utilization of raw palm was insufficient.

(2) Yashigara chips have a lot of sharp thorns attached to them, so they had to be mechanically crushed, which required much production cost and time.

(3) Yashigara chips had poor heat insulation as a bedding material for livestock barns, and were poorly mixed with other organic substances.

(4) Even if the coconut husk chips were to be incinerated, they would be carbonized, and further post-treatment was necessary.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. Hei 8-13231 discloses that although raw materials for living bedding, moisture control materials, water retention materials, filtration materials, or horticultural materials are not covered, raw materials obtained by separating fruits and tufts from raw palms It has been proposed that coconut fibers obtained by cutting and separating coconut residues be used for roughage for livestock.

In other words, the roughage for livestock is manufactured from the following process.

(1) The process of separating fruit and tufts from raw palm and collecting palm residues.

(2) A step of cutting the collected palm residue. (3) A step of drying the cut coconut residue to a predetermined moisture content.

(4) A step of crushing dried palm residues.

(5) A step of classifying the crushed palm residue to remove a powder fraction.

However, even with such roughage for livestock, only the raw palm residues were used and no fruit was used, and the overall utilization of raw palm was insufficient.

Therefore, from the viewpoint of the overall utilization of the raw palm, in addition to the raw palm residue, the effective use of fruit pomace separated from the raw palm (sometimes referred to as oil pomace or pulp fiber) Has also been proposed.

For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-58767 proposes a fertilizer in which a low-nitrogen organic substance such as coffee grounds or oil pomace and a nitrogenous fertilizer raw material are mixed. . Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-1686367 proposes a method for producing a feed consisting of fibrous waste oil palm. However, both compositions are intended for use in fertilizers and feeds, and although they are obtained through complicated processes, they are used for livestock floor coverings, moisture control materials, water retention materials, filtration materials or horticultural materials. There was no mention of what to do.

In addition, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei 7-82038 and Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei 7-124234 disclose the fruits of coconut palms impregnated or impregnated with microorganisms or enzymes having a deodorizing action. Disclosed is a livestock manure deodorizing microorganism-implanting layer having a meat portion and an implanting layer made of a synthetic resin three-dimensional packing. More specifically, it is a microorganism-implanted layer obtained by squeezing the pulp of a coconut tree in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the fiber bundle and then cutting the pulp. However, the microorganism-immobilized layer for deodorizing livestock manure has a complicated manufacturing process and structure, and uses the pulp of the coconut itself, so it has poor water permeability and air permeability. Due to its inclusion, it was easily oxidized and perishable. In other words, livestock excreta (manure) tended to accumulate in the livestock excreta deodorizing microorganism-implanted layer, which led to problems such as generation of offensive odors and further propagation of mold bacteria.

The inventors of the present invention diligently studied the above problems, and attempted to make effective use of pomace (pulp fiber) in raw palm fruits that had been conventionally used only as fertilizer or feed, or that had been incinerated. , The moderate heat retention of the pomace, By making use of the water-based properties and the ease of mixing with other organic substances, the above-mentioned materials for agriculture, forestry and livestock such as bedding materials for livestock, moisture control materials, water retention materials, filtration materials, and horticultural materials were constructed. We found that we could solve the problem.

That is, the present invention provides excellent heat retention, moderate water retention and ease of mixing with other organic substances by utilizing the pomace of the raw material palm fruit, and the sharp thorns of the coconut chips The aim is to provide agricultural, forestry, and livestock materials such as bedding materials for livestock, moisture control materials, water retention materials, filtration materials, and horticultural materials that do not pose a problem in the treatment of dairy products and that are easily fermented into organic fertilizer. I do. Disclosure of the invention

In order to achieve the above object, the material for agriculture, forestry and livestock production of the present invention is mainly composed of pomace obtained by further extracting palm oil from fruits separated from the raw palm (there may be some tufts). The configuration is as follows.

In other words, the material for agriculture, forestry and livestock of the present invention utilizes pomace having a fine diameter, which is a fruit fiber, so that the raw material palm can be used as a whole and heat insulation and water retention as the material for agriculture, forestry and livestock. The properties and mixing with other organic substances are improved, and the problem of sharp barbs associated with shishigara is also eliminated.

In addition, fruit pomace contains a large amount of polyphenols and the like, and thus can exhibit excellent antioxidant properties in agricultural, forestry and livestock materials.

Further, in constituting the material for agriculture, forestry and livestock of the present invention, it is preferable that the average fiber length of the pomace is set to a value of 5 mm to 50 mm.

With this configuration, the heat retention, water retention and smoothness of the material for agriculture, forestry and livestock are further improved, and the mixing property with other organic substances is improved.

Further, in constituting the material for agriculture, forestry and livestock of the present invention, it is preferable that the moisture content in pomace is set to a value of 0.1 to 30% by weight or less.

With this configuration, it is possible to effectively prevent spoilage of the agricultural, forestry, and livestock materials due to moisture, and to arbitrarily adjust the hardness of the agricultural, forestry, and livestock materials.

The water content (W 1) in pomace can be measured, for example, according to the following formula. However, the water content (W 1) is made to correspond to the infrared absorption coefficient in advance. In addition, by measuring the infrared absorption coefficient, the moisture content (W 1) in the pomace can also be calculated.

Hereinafter, the water content (W 1) of the pomace in the present invention can be measured according to the following formula.

W l = (W 2-W 3) / (W 2) X 1 0 0

W 1: Water content (% by weight)

W 2: Weight of pomace (g)

W 3: Weight of pomace when dry (g)

In constituting the material for agricultural, forestry and livestock production of the present invention, the content of crude fat in pomace is preferably set to a value within the range of 1.8 to 10% by weight.

With this configuration, the moldability of the material for agriculture, forestry and livestock and the mixing with other organic substances can be further improved.

Further, in constituting the material for agriculture, forestry and livestock production of the present invention, it is selected from the group consisting of coconut shell, sawdust, sawdust, coffee grounds, bagasse, rice bran, corn grounds, candy grounds, and camellia oil grounds. It is preferable to mix at least one organic substance. With this configuration, it is possible to arbitrarily adjust the hardness, density, etc. of the agricultural, forestry and livestock materials.

Further, in constituting the material for agriculture, forestry and livestock of the present invention, it is preferable that a binder is added to the pomace and processed into a mat form.

This configuration facilitates storage and handling of agriculture, forestry and livestock materials, and also enables the agriculture, forestry and livestock materials to maintain a predetermined shape for a long period of time even when they contain livestock excrement. it can.

Further, in constituting the material for agriculture, forestry and livestock production of the present invention, it is preferable that the pomace is processed into a mat form by applying pressure.

This configuration facilitates storage and handling of agriculture, forestry and livestock materials, and also facilitates subsequent disposal and conversion to fertilizer, including livestock excrement.

Also, the method for producing agriculture, forestry and livestock materials of the present invention includes a step of separating fruits from raw palm, a step of collecting palm oil from the fruits to obtain pomace, and a step of classifying the pomace. Drying the classified pomace; Compressing the dried pomace.

By carrying out in this way, the effective utilization of the raw palm as a whole is achieved, and the materials for agriculture, forestry and livestock that have good heat retention, water retention, moisture control function, and mixing with other organic substances are effectively used. Can be obtained.

In carrying out the method for producing agriculture, forestry and livestock materials of the present invention, it is preferable that the moisture content in the pomace is set to a value of Q.1 to 30% by weight or less in the drying step.

By carrying out in this manner, rot can be effectively prevented, and a material for agriculture, forestry and livestock that can arbitrarily control the hardness and the like can be obtained effectively.

In carrying out the method for producing agriculture, forestry and livestock materials of the present invention, in the step of collecting palm oil from fruits and obtaining pomace, the content of crude fat in pomace is 1.8 to 10% by weight. It is preferable to set the value within the range.

By carrying out in this manner, it is possible to provide agricultural, forestry, and livestock materials excellent in moldability and miscibility with other organic substances without excessively reducing the yield of coconut oil. Also, in carrying out the method for producing agriculture, forestry and livestock materials of the present invention, pomace, coconut shell, sawdust, sawdust, coffee grounds, bagasse, rice bran, corn grounds, candy grounds, and camellia grounds It is preferable to include at least one of a step of adding at least one organic substance selected from the group and a step of adding a binder to the pomace.

By carrying out in this way, storage and handling of agriculture, forestry and livestock materials can be facilitated, and even if the agriculture, forestry and livestock materials contain livestock excrement, the specified shape can be maintained for a long period of time. Agriculture, forestry and livestock materials can be obtained effectively.

Further, in carrying out the method for producing agriculture, forestry and livestock materials of the present invention, it is preferable to include a step of pressurizing the pomace and processing the pomace into a mat.

By carrying out in this way, materials for agricultural, forestry, and livestock production can be easily stored and handled, and even if they contain livestock excrement, they can easily maintain a predetermined shape, and can be disposed of later or used for fertilizer. This includes effectively obtaining agricultural, forestry and livestock materials that can be easily converted.

In addition, the method of breeding livestock using the agriculture, forestry and livestock materials of the present invention is a method for breeding agriculture, forestry and livestock using pomace obtained by further collecting palm oil from fruits separated from the raw palm. It is characterized by raising livestock using production materials as livestock floor coverings or manure adsorbent.

According to such a livestock breeding method, the heat retention of livestock is improved by using the pomace made from the fruit fiber of the raw palm as a material for agriculture, forestry and livestock, that is, a floor covering for livestock or a manure adsorbent. Furthermore, since it is excellent in mixing with livestock manure, the subsequent treatment is easy. In addition, compared to agriculture, forestry and livestock materials consisting of coconut chips, there are no problems with thorns of coconut chips and there is no risk of damaging livestock.

In addition, cattle, horses, pigs, chickens, sheep, etc. can be mentioned as target livestock. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram when agricultural, forestry and livestock materials are used as livestock floor coverings. FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart for explaining the method for producing agriculture, forestry and livestock materials according to the present invention. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, the material for agriculture, forestry and livestock production of the present invention will be specifically described. '

The drawings referred to merely schematically show the size, shape, arrangement relationship, and the like to an extent that the present invention can be understood. Therefore, the present invention is not limited only to the illustrated example.

The material for agriculture, forestry and livestock production of the present invention is a concept including a material used for various uses such as a livestock material, a water conditioning material, a water retention material, a filtration material, and a horticultural material.

Specifically, it can be used for livestock as follows.

(1) Bedding material (floor bedding for livestock): Can be used for the purpose of facilitating the adsorption and separation of manure and improving the breeding environment of livestock due to the heat retention effect. Also, the used litter contains manure, so it can be used as an organic fertilizer with excellent fermentation ability.

(2) Manure adsorbent: By laying it in livestock stables, it can be used for the purpose of separating feces and urine and preserving the breeding environment in the stables. Also, the used manure adsorbent contains feces and can be used as an organic fertilizer having excellent fermentation ability.

(3) Feed: As feed for livestock, specifically, a substitute material for fiber raw materials such as rice straw Can be used as In this case, it is desirable to use powder.

Similarly, it can be used for the following applications as a water conditioning material, a water retention material, and a filtration material.

(4) Moisture adsorbent and water regulating material: By mixing 10 to 50% into seedling soil in agriculture, forestry and horticulture, it can be used as a material to absorb and adjust excess water contained in seedling soil. In the process of manure fermentation in the livestock industry, it can be used as a material for absorbing and adjusting excess water contained in fermented compost for good fermentation.

(5) Filtration material: This material is attached to the drainage of agricultural sewage or industrial wastewater, or is drained from the drainage tank ゃ sewage tank, allowing the permeation of sewage to separate and adsorb solids contained in sewage. It can be used for removal (as a filter material for primary treatment of sewage purification).

Furthermore, similarly, it can be used as a horticultural material for the following purposes.

(6) Organic fertilizer: As an organic fertilizer for agriculture, forestry and horticulture, it can be used as it is in plowed soil.

(7) Land improvement material: By plowing this material into a culture soil such as seeds and seedlings at a volume ratio of 10 to 50%, it is possible to maintain oxygen, 7 minutes, etc. in the soil due to the physical properties of this material. It can be used for the purpose of fertilizing the components in the soil by mixing the organic components of the material, and at the same time, reducing the weight.

(8) Fermentation-promoting base material: It can be used for the purpose of adsorbing livestock excrement and promoting the fermentation and converting it to organic fertilizer in a short period of time, depending on the nutrients and shape characteristics of this material.

(9) Seed bed: Since this material is heated and pressurized in the manufacturing process and sterilized, it is necessary to set the volume of this material to 10 to 50% by volume. It can be used for cultivation of various agricultural crops, horticultural flowers, mushrooms, etc. by being mixed with a seeding substrate.

First, an embodiment of the material for agriculture, forestry and livestock production of the present invention will be described.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the case where agriculture, forestry and livestock materials are used as livestock floor coverings. In this figure, livestock floor coverings 10 are produced from fruits separated from the raw palms. Includes oil and oil. The main ingredient is pomace obtained by sampling In addition to adjusting the content of water and crude fat, the average fiber length is adjusted to a predetermined range, and further processed into a mat shape.

(1) Raw materials

The main raw material of agriculture, forestry and livestock materials must be pomace obtained by extracting palm oil from the fruits (may include a part of the bunch) separated from the raw palm.

By using such fruit pomace, the overall effective use of the raw palm can be achieved, and materials for agriculture, forestry and livestock that are excellent in heat retention, water retention and mixing with other organic substances can be easily obtained. Can be provided.

In the case of fruit pomace, unlike palm coconut chips, the problem of damage to livestock due to the attached sharp barbs is reduced.

In addition, fruit pomace contains a large amount of polyphenols and the like, and thus can exhibit excellent antioxidant properties in agricultural, forestry and livestock materials. Examples of the kind of raw palm include one kind or a combination of two or more kinds of palm palm, arabic palm, coco palm, satu palm, nipa palm, palmira palm, sago palm, rattan, areca palm, nipon palm and the like.

② Crude fat

Further, the content of crude fat in pomace used for agriculture, forestry and livestock materials is preferably set to a value within the range of 1.8 to 10% by weight.

When the content of crude fat in the pomace is less than 1.8% by weight, it becomes difficult to form materials for agriculture, forestry and livestock production to an arbitrary hardness (including a mat shape and a cube shape). This is because it may be difficult to mix with other organic matter, or it may be difficult to incinerate agriculture, forestry and livestock materials after use.

On the other hand, if the content of the crude fat in the pomace exceeds 10% by weight, the recovery rate of the coconut oil may be reduced or the oil may be easily oxidized and deteriorated.

Therefore, the crude fat content of the agricultural, forestry and livestock materials is more preferably set to a value within the range of 2 to 9% by weight, and further preferably to a value within the range of 3 to 8% by weight.

③ Crude ash

In addition, the content of crude ash in pomace used for agriculture, forestry and livestock materials was 5% by weight. The following values are preferred.

The reason for this is that if the crude ash content exceeds 5% by weight, the rate of carbonization will increase even if the agricultural, forestry and livestock materials are incinerated after use.

However, in order to reduce the crude ash content to less than 0.1% by weight, special treatment may be applied to the pomace and the production cost may increase.

Therefore, the content of crude ash in pomace is more preferably set to a value within the range of 0.1 to 4.5% by weight, and more preferably to a value within the range of 0.1 to 4.0% by weight. Is more preferred.

④Crude fiber

Further, it is preferable that the content of crude fiber in pomace used for agriculture, forestry and livestock materials is a value of 40% by weight or more.

The reason is that if the content of crude fiber in such pomace is less than 40% by weight, the heat retention and air permeability of agricultural, forestry and livestock materials may be significantly reduced or handling may be difficult. Because there is.

However, if the content of the crude fiber in such pomace is a value of 80% by weight or more, it may be difficult to form a mat.

Therefore, the content of the crude fiber in the pomace is more preferably set to a value in the range of 50 to 80% by weight, and further preferably to a value in the range of 55 to 80% by weight.

⑤Starch value

Further, the content of starch value in pomace used for agriculture, forestry and livestock materials is preferably set to a value within the range of 0 to 30% by weight. If the content is more than 30% by weight, the pomace may be easily rotted.

⑥Crude protein

Further, it is preferable that the content of crude protein in pomace used for agriculture, forestry and livestock materials is set to a value of 10% by weight or less.

The reason for this is that by setting the content of the crude protein to a value of 10% by weight or less, it is possible to effectively prevent spoilage of agriculture, forestry and livestock materials, and arbitrarily adjust the hardness of the agriculture, forestry and livestock materials. This is because you can do it.

However, in order to make the content of crude protein in the crude ash less than 0.1% by weight, Special treatment of pomace and increased production costs may occur.

Therefore, it is more preferable that the crude protein in the pomace used for agriculture, forestry and livestock materials has a value within the range of 0.1 to 8% by weight, and more preferably a value within the range of 0.1 to 6% by weight. More preferred.

(2) Fiber length

The average fiber length of pomace is 0.01 mn when composing agricultural, forestry and livestock materials. It is preferable to set the value in the range of 5 to 5 Omm.

The reason for this is that, with such a configuration, the heat retention of the agriculture, forestry and livestock materials is improved, and the mixing property with other organic substances is also improved. Furthermore, with such an average fiber length, the sharp splinter portion attached to coconut husk does not cause a problem, and the handling of agriculture, forestry and livestock materials becomes easy.

Therefore, the average fiber length of the pomace is more preferably set to a value in the range of 10 to 4 Omm, and further preferably to a value in the range of 15 to 3 Omm. The average fiber length of pomace can be measured from an enlarged photograph through an optical microscope.

(3) Thickness

The thickness of the material for agriculture, forestry and livestock is not particularly limited, but is preferably, for example, in the range of 0.5 to 80 cm.

The reason for this is that if the thickness of agriculture, forestry and livestock materials is less than 0.5 cm, the heat retention for livestock will decrease, and livestock excreta (manure) will enter the agriculture, forestry and livestock materials. On the other hand, if the thickness of agriculture, forestry and livestock materials exceeds 80 cm, the movement of livestock may be restricted, and the handling of agriculture, forestry and livestock materials may be difficult. It is.

Therefore, the thickness of the agricultural, forestry and livestock materials is preferably set to a value in the range of 10 to 70 cm, and more preferably to a value in the range of 20 to 60 cm.

(4) Moisture content

It is preferable that the water content of the agricultural, forestry and livestock materials is set to a value of 0.1 to 30% by weight or less.

The reason for this is that with this configuration, it is possible to effectively prevent decay of the agricultural, forestry and livestock materials and to arbitrarily adjust the hardness of the agricultural, forestry and livestock materials That's why.

However, if the moisture content is reduced due to excessive drying, the pomace may become brittle or may not be easily matted.

Therefore, the water content of the agricultural, forestry and livestock materials is more preferably set to a value within the range of 2 to 10% by weight, and even more preferably to a value within the range of 3 to 8% by weight. (5) Additive

①Additive 1

In composing agricultural, forestry and livestock materials, fruit pomace is selected from the group consisting of coconut shell, sawdust, sawdust, coffee grounds, bagasse, rice bran, corn grounds, candy grounds, and camellia grounds. It is preferable to mix at least one organic substance.

With this configuration, it is possible to arbitrarily adjust the hardness, density, etc. of the agricultural, forestry and livestock materials.

In addition, when adding the above-mentioned organic substance, it is preferable to add an organic substance having a shorter fiber length than the fruit pomace. This is because, when configured in this manner, the pomace of the fruit is more improved in the mixing with the organic matter to be added.

The amount of the organic substance mixed with the pomace is not particularly limited, but, for example, the mixing amount of the organic substance is in the range of 0.1 to 1,000 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the pomace. It is preferable to set the value within.

The reason for this is that if the amount of the organic substance is less than 0.1 part by weight, the effect of addition may not be exhibited. On the other hand, if the amount of the organic substance is 1,000 parts by weight, If it exceeds, the heat insulation of agriculture, forestry and livestock materials may decrease. Therefore, it is more preferable that the mixing amount of the organic substance is set to a value within a range of 1 to 500 parts by weight, and more preferably within a range of 100 to 100 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the pomace. More preferably, it is set to a value.

②Additive 2

When composing agricultural, forestry and livestock materials, it is also possible to add a binder to pomace and process it into a mat.

This configuration facilitates storage and handling of agricultural, forestry and livestock materials, and ensures that the agricultural, forestry and livestock materials have a predetermined shape even when they contain livestock excrement. It can be kept for a long time.

Examples of such a binder include a phenolic resin, a melamine resin, a urea resin, a urethane resin, an acrylic resin, an olefin resin, a polyvinyl alcohol resin, a cellulose acetate resin, and an epoxy resin. Resin, silicone resin, etc., alone or in combination of two or more.

In particular, by using a self-condensing thermosetting resin such as a phenolic resin, a melamine resin, or a urea resin among these resins, even if the amount is small, the pomace can be firmly bound. Agricultural, forestry and livestock materials.

In addition, by using a water-soluble resin such as an acrylic resin, a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin, or a cellulose acetate-based resin among these resins, it is possible to add a suitable amount of water to the agricultural, forestry and livestock materials.

When these binders are used, it is also preferable to add them only to the surface of agricultural, forestry and livestock materials. With this configuration, it is possible to obtain excellent shape retention of the agricultural, forestry and livestock materials even when the amount of the binder used is small.

③ Additive 3

The material for agriculture, forestry and livestock of the present invention is characterized in that it does not easily perish, but it is preferable to add a predetermined amount of a bactericide, a preservative and a deodorant. .

By adopting such a configuration, even if the agricultural, forestry and livestock materials contain livestock excreta, the hygiene of the agricultural, forestry and livestock materials can be maintained for a longer period of time.

Also, there are no particular restrictions on the types of fungicides, preservatives and deodorants, but, for example, quaternary ammonium salts, 2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisofuronitrile, 2-pyridinethiol — Sodium 1-oxide, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-methylsulfonylpyridine, N, N-dimethyl-N '—phenyl N'-dichlorofluoromethylthiosulfamide, Jodomethyl-P— Tolylsulfone, 2- (n-octyl) 1-41-isothiazoline-3-one, 2- (4-thiazolyl) -1-H-benzimidazole, 1H-2-benzoimidazole Methyl ammonium carbamate Salt, thiazobenzimidazole, benzimidazole, silver-based antibacterial agent, zinc-based antibacterial agent, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, tea husk residue, tea husk residue Inspection, activated carbon, silica gel and the like. (6) Form

① Form

In constructing the agricultural, forestry and livestock materials, it is preferable that the pomace is processed into a mat shape as shown in FIG. 1 by applying pressure.

Here, the shape of the upper surface of the material for agriculture, forestry and livestock can be circular or rectangular, but is not limited to these shapes.

Agricultural, forestry and livestock materials are not limited to processing into mats by pressurization, but can also be processed into mats by bagging, for example. In this case, various shapes such as a cylindrical shape and a rectangular parallelepiped shape can be selected as the shape of the bag.

Such processing facilitates storage and handling as agriculture, forestry and livestock materials. Agriculture, forestry and livestock materials can be easily discarded or converted to fertilizers after containing livestock excrement.

② Form 2

In addition, when processing the form of the agricultural and forestry livestock material into a mat shape or the like, it is preferable to provide a support material.

For example, by providing a frame material ゃ bottom plate or reinforcing material (net material), storage and handling of agriculture, forestry and livestock materials are greatly facilitated.

In addition, by providing such a support material, even if the material for agriculture, forestry, and livestock contains excrement of livestock, it can maintain a predetermined shape for an arbitrary period, and can be disposed of later. Conversion to fertilizer becomes easy.

③ Form 3 '

Furthermore, it is preferable that the form of the agriculture, forestry and livestock materials has a multilayer structure of two or more layers. For example, it is preferable to use a relatively bulky material such as straw or coconut chips as the lower layer, and to use pomace of the above-described raw material palm fruit as the upper layer. With such a multilayer structure, the lower layer can exert a strong cushioning effect, and the upper layer can exert a protective effect on livestock. That is, it is possible to effectively prevent the occurrence of injuries to livestock caused by thorns and the like of the constituent material of the lower layer, while maintaining the properties such as excellent heat insulating properties of the upper layer. It is also preferable to provide a material, which is bulkier than the upper layer and smaller in bulk than the lower layer, for example, an intermediate layer made of sawdust and sawdust between the upper layer and the lower layer. By configuring the agriculture, forestry and livestock materials in this way, it is possible to obtain more excellent cushioning properties, water permeability, and the like. In addition, the middle layer can effectively prevent the squeezed fruit of the raw material palm that constitutes the upper layer from falling to the lower layer.

Next, one embodiment of the method for producing agriculture, forestry and livestock materials of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart for explaining the method for producing agriculture, forestry and livestock materials according to the present invention.

(1) Separation process of fruit from raw palm

First, the fruit is separated from the punch (tuft) by spirally passing a strip mill through the heated and pressurized oil palm fruit (raw palm).

'(2) Pomace collection process (coconut oil collection process)

Next, the separated fruits are exposed to a high-temperature and high-pressure environment to collect palm oil and obtain pomace.

(3) Fiber length adjustment process

Subsequently, the fiber length of the pomace is adjusted by filtering the pomace using a filter consisting of a mesh of 5 to 50 mm. In other words, it is possible to classify the fiber length. By doing so, the heat retention, water retention, and smoothness as materials for agriculture, forestry and livestock are further improved, and the mixing with other organic substances is also improved.

(4) Drying process

Next, the pomace (fruit residue) whose fiber length has been adjusted is dried with warm air at 30 to 100 ° C.

Here, it is preferable to perform the above-mentioned filter treatment while drying the pomace. In this case, the number of steps can be reduced.

(5) Forming process

Then, the dried pomace is compressed (pressed) by a roller and a press machine to form a predetermined shape, for example, a mat shape having a rectangular upper surface.

In addition, the above series of manufacturing processes is a basic manufacturing process of the material for agriculture, forestry and livestock in the present invention. It shows the steps and is not necessarily limited to the above manufacturing steps.

For example, depending on the specifications of the agriculture, forestry and livestock materials, the forming step or the drying step may not be performed, or the fiber length adjusting step may be performed after the drying step. Further, the drying step, the fiber length adjusting step and the forming step may be performed after adding the bunches to the collected pomace. The forming step may be performed after the dried tufts are added. Example

[Example 1]

(1) Preparation for production of agricultural, forestry and livestock materials

After separating the fruits using oil palm as the raw material palm, the palm oil was collected from the separated fruits using a palm oil extracting machine, and the remaining pomace was collected.

Next, the collected pomace was dried under the conditions of a temperature of 30 to 100 and a time of 0 to 3 Hrs, and the average fiber length was adjusted to 5 to 50 mm by a classification device (filter device).

(2) Manufacture of agricultural, forestry and livestock materials

(1) Mixing step: In this example, a fermentation accelerator was added to the obtained pomace and mixed uniformly.

In this way, it is possible to produce fermented agriculture, forestry and livestock materials. In this example, the additive was added to the pomace, but it is needless to say that it may not be added according to the specifications of the agricultural, forestry and livestock materials.

② Pressing process: The mixture containing pomace was pressed at a pressure of 0.49 to 98 MPa to obtain a mat (5 mm to 800 mm) thick mat-like material for agriculture, forestry and livestock.

(3) Evaluation of agricultural, forestry and livestock materials

① Average fiber length

A magnified photograph of the agricultural, forestry and livestock material with an area of 10 cm2 was taken through an optical microscope, and the average fiber length was calculated from the magnified photograph.

② Moisture content

The water content (W1) was measured according to the above equation. The results obtained are shown in Table 1. ③ Component analysis

Component analysis was performed on crude fat, crude ash, crude fiber, starch value and crude protein contained in agricultural, forestry and livestock materials. Table 1 shows the obtained results.

The total amount of agricultural, forestry and livestock materials (100% by weight) is the sum of the measured amount of crude fat, crude fiber, etc., and the moisture content measured in ①.

温 Heat insulation

Agricultural, forestry and livestock materials with a thickness of 10 cm were left in an oven at 50 ° C for 20 minutes, then taken out at room temperature (25 ^aC ), and after 10 minutes, the temperature near the center of the agricultural, forestry and livestock materials was raised. The temperature was measured, and the heat retention was evaluated based on the temperature based on the following criteria. Table 1 shows the obtained results.

〇: A temperature of 35 ° C or more.

⑤Smoothness

It was visually observed whether or not thorns were present in the agriculture, forestry and livestock materials (50 g), and the smoothness was evaluated according to the following criteria. Table 1 shows the obtained results.

〇: No thorns are observed at all.

⑥ Flammability

Agricultural, forestry and livestock materials (50 g) were burned, the degree of burning was visually observed, and the flammability was evaluated according to the following criteria. Table 1 shows the obtained results.

〇: Burns out and does not carbonize.

(4) Results of use of agricultural, forestry and livestock materials

This material for agriculture, forestry and livestock (without the addition of a fermentation promoter) was used as a litter for barns. As a result, manure was entangled with the material in an appropriate state, and very good results were obtained as litter. In addition, after two weeks, materials containing manure were collected and stored in a curing area.After about one week, in an environment with an average temperature of about 13 ° C, some fermentation promoter was used. The fermentation temperature was raised to about 70 ° C without addition, and conversion to organic fertilizer was performed smoothly.

[Comparative Example 1]

Using palm oil as the raw material palm, coconut husks were collected, and materials for agriculture, forestry and livestock were produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 1 shows the obtained results. [table 1 ]

(The above experiment was outsourced to ITOCHU FOOD CO., LTD.)

The present invention can be used as various agricultural, forestry and livestock materials.

Claims

The scope of the claims

1. Agriculture, forestry and livestock materials characterized by using pomace obtained by extracting palm oil from fruits separated from raw palms as the main raw material.

2. The material for agricultural, forestry and livestock production according to claim 1, wherein the average fiber length of the pomace is set to a value within a range of 5 mm to 5 cm.

3. The material for agriculture, forestry and livestock production according to claim 1, wherein the moisture content in the pomace is set to a value within a range of 1 to 15% by weight.

4. The material for agriculture, forestry and livestock production according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the content of crude fat in the pomace is set to a value within a range of 1.8 to 10% by weight.

5. Mixing the pomace with at least one organic substance selected from the group consisting of coconut shell, sawdust, sawdust, coffee grounds, pagasu, rice bran, corn grounds, candy grounds, and camellia oil grounds. The material for agriculture, forestry and livestock production according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized by the following.

6. The material for agriculture, forestry and livestock production according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a binder is added to the pomace and the pomace is processed into a mat.

7. The material for agriculture, forestry and livestock production according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the pomace is processed into a mat by pressing.

8. Separating the fruits from the raw palm,

Collecting palm oil from the fruit to obtain pomace;

Classifying the pomace;

Drying the classified pomace; and

Compressing the dried pomace; and A method for producing a material for agriculture, forestry and livestock, comprising:

9. The method for producing agriculture, forestry and livestock materials according to claim 8, wherein in the step of drying the pomace, the moisture content in the pomace is set to a value of 0.1 to 30% by weight or less.

10. The process of collecting palm oil from the fruit to obtain pomace, wherein the content of crude fat in pomace is a value in the range of 1.8 to 10% by weight. Item 14. The method for producing agriculture, forestry and livestock materials according to items 8 and 9.

1 1. Add to the pomace at least one organic substance selected from the group consisting of coconut shell, sawdust, sawdust, coffee grounds, bagasse, rice bran, corn grounds, candy grounds, and camellia oil grounds. Process,

And adding a binder to the pomace,

Or one of the processes

The method for producing an agricultural, forestry and livestock material according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the method comprises:

12. The method for producing a material for agricultural, forestry and livestock production according to any one of claims 8 to 11, comprising a step of processing the pomace into a mat by pressurizing the pomace.

1 3. Breeding livestock using agriculture, forestry and livestock materials mainly composed of pomace obtained by extracting palm oil from the fruit separated from the raw palm as livestock floor coverings or manure adsorbent A method of breeding livestock, comprising: