WO2001097140A1 - Produit pharmaceutique axe sur le client et systeme de distribution d'informations - Google Patents

Produit pharmaceutique axe sur le client et systeme de distribution d'informations Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001097140A1
WO2001097140A1 PCT/US2001/019034 US0119034W WO0197140A1 WO 2001097140 A1 WO2001097140 A1 WO 2001097140A1 US 0119034 W US0119034 W US 0119034W WO 0197140 A1 WO0197140 A1 WO 0197140A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
entity
customer
terminal
network
pharmacy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/019034
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jeanne Ann Stasny
Original Assignee
Jascorp, Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jascorp, Llc filed Critical Jascorp, Llc
Priority to CA002381727A priority Critical patent/CA2381727A1/fr
Priority to AU2001275486A priority patent/AU2001275486A1/en
Publication of WO2001097140A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001097140A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H20/00—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance
    • G16H20/10—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to drugs or medications, e.g. for ensuring correct administration to patients
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H40/00—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/60—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/67—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for remote operation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H70/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical references
    • G16H70/40—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical references relating to drugs, e.g. their side effects or intended usage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/10—Office automation; Time management

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods and systems for providing information, products, and services to a prescription drug customer, and more specifically, to methods and systems for increasing the customer's involvement and influence in pharmaceutical decisions.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the current relationships between parties associated with distributing prescription drugs from drug manufacturers to prescription drug customers.
  • the process starts when a patient or customer 30 visits a physician 32.
  • the physician makes a diagnosis and prescribes a prescription drug.
  • the customer then brings the prescription to a pharmacy 34 to obtain the prescribed drug.
  • Staff at the pharmacy 34 enters the customer's personal information into the pharmacy's computer system (often referred to as a "fill and bill system"). If the prescription drug customer has previously used the pharmacy, the information is generally already in the pharmacy's computer system and only needs to be confirmed and/or updated by the pharmacist.
  • the fill and bill system may also list any other medications currently being used by and allergies or other medical conditions of the customer. If this information is not available, the pharmacist will solicit such information from the customer prior to filling the prescription.
  • the physician 32 prescribes a class of drug, or several brands of drugs, without specifying a particular prescription drug.
  • the pharmacist discusses the options with the customer. There may be one or more brand name drugs and one or more generic equivalents available to the customer. The customer and the pharmacist decide which drug the customer will use. This decision is often based on the pharmacist's recommendation and/or the coverage the health insurance of the customer. Many health insurance providers favor the use of less expensive generic drugs and often deny coverage for brand name drugs when a generic equivalent is available. In addition, insurance providers may have a lower customer co-pay amount for generic drugs. In general, the only way the pharmacist can determine the coverage provided by the customer's health insurance is by calling the insurance provider at the time of filling a prescription.
  • a pharmacist When a pharmacist recommends a prescription drug, he confirms that the newly prescribed drug is safe for use by the customer (i.e., the drug will not dangerously interact with other medications currently being used by the customer, the customer has no allergies to the drug, the customer has no medical conditions preventing the use of the drug, etc.). Assuming there are no reasons why the chosen drug cannot be used, the pharmacist enters the prescription into the fill and bill system.
  • the pharmacist fills the prescription from his bulk supply of the drug, which is typically purchased from a distributor that deals directly with the pharmaceutical manufacturer.
  • the pharmacist packages the prescribed amount of the drug for the customer and labels the package with a label printed by the fill and bill system.
  • the label typically includes the customer's name and physician's name, the name of the prescription drug, dosage and use instructions, the number of refills available, and the expiration date of those refills.
  • the pharmacy 34 typically has some method of inventorying the drug supply to monitor how much of the drug is currently available and when more should be ordered from the distributor.
  • Some fill and bill systems include an automated inventory function that is updated when the pharmacist enters prescriptions. Prior to receiving the filled prescription, the customer either pays for the drug himself or, more often, provides the pharmacist with his or her insurance information. When the customer provides the insurance information, the pharmacist determines how much, if anything, the customer must pay for the prescription drug. Calculation of the customer's co-payment may also be done by the fill and bill system. The customer tenders any money he may owe for the prescription drug. An insurance claim for the prescription is also prepared by the pharmacist or fill and bill system.
  • the pharmacist is required by federal regulations to offer the customer a consultation prior to delivering the prescription drug.
  • the pharmacist explains the manner of using the drug, potential side effects, the number of refills available, and asks the customer if he or she has questions or concerns.
  • the consultation may involve and exchange of includes information provided by the physician, the pharmacist, and the manufacturer of the drug.
  • the pharmacist may also provide a printed information describing the drug and its use.
  • the pharmacist gives the filled prescription to the customer.
  • the pharmacy gets paid (with the exception of any co-pay amount tendered by the customer) by the health insurance provider 36 after the claim is processed. Typically, the customer will not hear from either the pharmacy or the insurance provider once the prescription is filled.
  • the pharmacy or the insurance company bills the customer directly. At this point, the customer needs to determine why the claim was denied. To do so, the customer must contact a representative of the insurance company. Until the situation is resolved, the pharmacy or insurance provider will continue to bill the customer.
  • the inventor(s) has (have) recognized a need for an improved system of distributing pharmaceuticals and communicating information between customers, pharmacists and pharmacies, drug manufacturers, insurance companies, and other entities involved in the distribution of prescription drugs.
  • Another problem recognized by the inventor(s) relates to communication among and between other parties involved in the prescription drug process.
  • a number of government agencies 40 e.g., the FDA, FTC, HHS, and others
  • communicate with these agencies is critical, but less than satisfactory in the current drug distribution system because information is often duplicated and decentralized.
  • the customer is a passive participant in the pharmaceutical decisions affecting his or her health.
  • the customer has little knowledge of all available treatments, and must rely on their physician's recommendation of a treatment and prescription drug.
  • the physician's recommended treatment may not be the most effective one available.
  • the customer does not usually know what type of insurance coverage they have for specific brands of drugs and, therefore, may end up paying for uncovered brand name drugs that could be replaced with a covered generic equivalent.
  • the token involvement and influence of the customer is due in large part to the lack of interaction between the customer and the other parties in the system.
  • the current system isolates the parties from one another. For example, while drug manufacturers 38 can communicate with the pharmacies 34 via technology support companies 42, the manufacturers are not permitted to see which customers are, or could be, using their drugs. Only the customer 30, the physician 32, and the pharmacist are privy to such information. The manufacturer, therefore, relies on the physician or pharmacist to present the manufacturer's available and up-and-coming treatments to the customer.
  • Another deficiency of the current system is an inability to track customer compliance.
  • “compliance” refers to a measurement of whether the customer takes the prescribed drugs according to the physician's instructions. Compliance can be monitored by comparing the date the customer obtains a refill against the date the refill should have been obtained if the drug was taken as directed. Compliance is a major issue having an impact on all of the parties in the system. A compliant customer has the best chance of becoming healthy in the shortest amount of time. Healthy customers are positive indicators of the efficacy of the manufacturer's drug and reduce overall health costs, which are, of course, of interest to insurance providers, employers, and patients.
  • the invention includes a pharmaceutical system having a communication and information network that is centered around the customer and that is accessible to all of the other parties involved.
  • the invention provides a customer-centered pharmaceutical product and information distribution system.
  • the system includes a customer terminal coupled to a network and a pharmacy terminal coupled to the network.
  • the pharmacy terminal is coupled to a pharmacy management system that has a database.
  • a third terminal is also connected to the network.
  • the third terminal is selected from the group consisting of an insurance provider terminal, a fiscally responsible party terminal, a physician terminal, a government agency terminal, a drug manufacturer terminal, and a flexible benefits operator terminal.
  • a server is coupled to the network.
  • the server has a site accessible by the customer, the pharmacy, and the third terminal.
  • the server also has a database that is synchronized with the database of the pharmacy management system.
  • the insurance provider terminal is coupled to an insurance store having information regarding insurance coverage.
  • the invention provides a method of networking a customer with parties involved in providing information and services that can increase the customer's involvement and influence in making personalized pharmaceutical decisions.
  • the method includes providing customer/pharmacy data on a network, providing customer/insurance company data on the network, providing customer/pharmaceutical manufacturer data on the network, and granting access to the network to a customer, a pharmacist, an insurance company, and a pharmaceutical manufacturer.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior-art system of providing information and services to a prescription drug customer.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a customer-centered pharmaceutical system according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is another schematic diagram of the pharmaceutical system illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the pharmacy terminal illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of some of the functions a customer can perform utilizing a web site of one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of how a customer accesses the web site of the invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of how a customer maintains an account.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of how the customer orders refills.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of how a customer checks refill status.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of how a customer views profile information.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of how a customer requests or orders recommended products.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of some of the functions the pharmacist can perform utilizing an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the flow of information between a database server and a database.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of some of the functions an administrator can perform utilizing an administration module.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of creation of an educational page for an educational module.
  • FIG. 18 is a diagram of a data flow model for an embodiment of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • FIG. 2 schematically illustrates an embodiment 50 of the invention. It should be noted that FIG. 2 is only representative of one embodiment of the invention. As such, other embodiments that include fewer or more parties are also encompassed by the invention.
  • a prescription drug customer 52 is positioned at the center of a group of parties participating in the distribution of pharmaceuticals and the exchange of pharmaceutical and other information.
  • the two-way arrows represent the two-way communication and information transfer between the customer and the remaining parties: a physician 54, retail pharmacy 56, an operator 58 of a benefits account, a drug manufacturer 60, and an insurance provider 62.
  • Each party can exchange data with the others, but what provides significant benefit is that the customer has two-way data exchange with the physician 54, pharmacy 56, benefits account operator 58, and drug manufacturer 60.
  • the term "data" can include any communication, data, contact, or other transfer of knowledge or information pertaining to the relationship of the two or more parties specified.
  • the data available to the customer 52 can be selectively shared and used by all of the parties as desired. This selective sharing of data between parties is represented by the circular arrow configuration around the customer.
  • the networking systems and methods of the invention ultimately provide the customer with access to each of the parties, and in turn, provide each of the parties with at least limited access to the customer and the customer's information. As such, the network becomes personalized and extremely useful to the customer for making pharmaceutical decisions.
  • the pharmacy, the insurance provider, the manufacturer, and the physician can all monitor prescription drug customer compliance and take steps to help the prescription drug customer comply.
  • the invention is a network-based system, such as the system 70 shown in FIG. 3.
  • a site 72 (such as an Internet site) is created on a server
  • 74 as the prescription drug customer's gateway to obtaining information from pharmacists, drug manufacturers, government agencies, fiscally responsible parties (e.g., employer who pays insurance premiums or fund private insurance), physicians, and any other parties that may have access to a network 76.
  • the physician 54, pharmacy 56, benefits account operator 58, drug manufacture 60, and insurance company 62 are shown coupled to the network 76.
  • Also connected to the network 76 are a government agency 80 and a fiscally responsible party 82.
  • the terminals may include standard input and output devices such as a mouse, keyboard, printer, and display. Of course, the terminals could include a host of advanced and/or yet to be developed input and output devices such as voice recognition devices.
  • the terminals or hardware devices may include an operating system, a browser, and communication software for communicating with the server 74 and each of the other terminals via the network 76.
  • the browser is a web based browser, such as a Microsoft Explorer browser or a Netscape Communicator browser, capable of displaying information formatted with a fixed set of tags, such as HTML or XML documents.
  • the network 76 is the Internet, thereby providing global communication and scale to the invention.
  • the network may be other types of networks, whether packet switching or not or based on Internet protocols or not.
  • the system 70 can be scaled to include numerous customer's, physicians, pharmacies, insurance providers, and other parties, and, of course, associated terminals.
  • the site 72 can include web pages for each participating pharmacy 56, with each drug customer 52 having his own secure account for interaction with the web site and a pharmacy specific web page.
  • the customer is provided with a login name and password. Once logged onto the site, the customer can input his personal information, including his medical profile. Alternatively, this information can be loaded automatically by the fill and bill system or pharmacy management system of the pharmacy when the prescription drug customer's account is set up.
  • the pharmacy management system communicates with the server 74 such that the customer's personal account may be kept up to date.
  • any of the other parties can be granted access to the account. This may require the customer 52 to waive certain privacy rights.
  • other parties that are not mentioned or described herein can also be added to the network.
  • Other pages and links can be provided to organize the personal and customized information available to the customer.
  • the customer can access personalized information relating to any of the networked parties. This includes, for example, information provided by the drug manufacturer 60 about prescription drugs the customer is currently using or drugs that might be suitable for the customer.
  • the information can be tailored specifically for the customer based on the medical profile in the customer's personalized account. Dangerous interactions, drug allergies, and other risks can be communicated to the customer.
  • the physician 54 and the pharmacist can also access the customer's account, they can consider the manufacturer's recommendations and decide whether the treatment recommended by the manufacturer is a viable option for the customer. While the manufacturer does not make any final decisions about the customer's treatment, the physician and pharmacist may be provided with more options from which to choose.
  • the system 70 also provides the customer access to information from his fiscally responsible party regarding claim status for filled prescriptions, available coverage, and price information for various drugs and treatments, and any other beneficial information. This information allows the customer to make an informed decision as to which treatment options are affordable and which are not. It also makes communication easier and reduces the number of misunderstandings leading to coverage disputes.
  • the customer 52 can also view his records on the site 72 (as provided or updated from the pharmacy management system), including usage instructions for the prescriptions, refill status, and any other beneficial information.
  • the customer can communicate with the pharmacist to request refills and ask questions regarding dosage, usage, and side effects. Responses can be posted on the site or e-mailed directly to the customer.
  • This portion of the web site can also include refill renewal forms that can be faxed, e-mailed, or sent over the network to the physician 54.
  • Drug manufacturers send information to the server 74.
  • the information may include data about drugs and treatments the manufactures produce, conditions and/or allergies the drugs and treatments can be prescribed for, side effects the drugs and treatments may cause, interactions that may occur when the drugs and treatments are used with other drugs and treatments, educational content for the drugs and treatments, pricing, and discounts or special deals that are currently available.
  • the server 74 updates other computer and software components (discussed below) to ensure that updated information is used by the parties participating in the system 70.
  • An advantage of the invention is that the pharmaceutical system 70 may be configured to allow drug manufacturers to provide information about specific drugs to a particular segment of customers.
  • the drug manufacturer can offer a discounted rate to a customer that previously used one of their drugs, but has since switched to a substitute drug. If the drug manufacturers have access to more information about the customers they will be better able to assist in the recommendation of drugs and treatments that the physician or pharmacist may not be aware of. The drug manufacturer can inform the customer of such alternatives and the physician and pharmacist can directly view the customer's profile to evaluate the suggestions, or the customer can interact communicate with the physician or pharmacist regarding the suggestions.
  • the fiscally responsible party also provides information to the system 70.
  • This information may include drugs and treatments covered and any co-payments required by the customer. Interaction between the fiscally responsible party and the drug manufacturers may change the coverage provided to the customer if a more expensive drug is demonstrated to be more effective in treating a condition or allergy in a shorter amount of time.
  • Fiscally responsible parties do cost benefit analyses of the drugs and treatments they cover and determine from that what type of coverage to extend to the customer.
  • the information about coverage is communicated from the server 74 to the pharmacy. The information allows the pharmacist to determine what drug or treatment is most cost effective for the customer.
  • the fiscally responsible party may also interact with the government agency regarding what types of coverage they are required or not required to offer to the customer. If a dispute arises regarding coverage for a particular drug, the pharmaceutical system 70 provides a quick and efficient avenue for communication and resolution of the problem.
  • Government agencies provide information on rules and regulations they have established with respect to distributing pharmaceutical drugs and providing coverage to the customer.
  • An agency may also utilize the pharmaceutical system 70 as a forum for discussion of possible changes in the rules and regulation.
  • the government agency may also receive complaints from customers about parties that are participating in the pharmaceutical system 70 that are not abiding by the established rules and regulations.
  • Physicians use the system 70 to respond to requests for prescription renewals, answer questions regarding proposed drugs and treatments for a customer, and view information provided by the drug manufacturers about new and existing drugs and treatments.
  • the physician can view the customer's profile to determine the compliance of the customer with respect to a particular drug. If the customer is not following the established regimen, the physician can use this information when discussing conditions and treatments with the customer.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates components of the system 70 in more detail.
  • the system 70 includes a router 90, a firewall 92, an encryption module 94, an educational content server 96, a synchronization server 98, a SQL server 100, a data transformation service 102, a database server 104, a database 106, and a pharmaceutical system software server 108.
  • the router 90 is capable of interconnecting the terminals and the servers 108, 90, and 98. In one embodiment, the router 90 interconnects two or more computer networks that use a single network layer procedure, but that may use different data link layer and physical layer procedures.
  • the firewall 92 can be any of a number of hardware/software components that prevent unauthorized users from gaining access to the servers, or that monitor transfers of information to and from the network 76. In one embodiment, the firewall 92 is a software module such as the Check Point
  • Firewall- 1 that further requires a dedicated computer system.
  • the firewall 92 is a hardware module such as the Cisco PIX 515.
  • the encryption module 94 is capable of encrypting information passed between the terminals and the servers via the network 76. An appropriate security solution is necessary in order to protect personal information of the customer that is transferred over the network 76.
  • the encryption module 94 is an Intel SSL Encrypter.
  • the educational content server 96 includes educational modules that the customer can access.
  • the educational modules may include information on how to properly administer prescribed drugs or treatments, or alternatives to the prescribed drugs or treatments.
  • the pharmacist can recommend to the customer that he view media clips, listen to audio clips, or read text in the educational modules that may help him to better understand how to use the drugs and treatments that he is being provided.
  • the actual educational content or information can be built as web pages that include links to pages within the educational modules.
  • the educational modules may also include quizzes that test the customer's understanding of the educational content.
  • the educational content server 96 uses Windows NT
  • the synchronization server 98 is responsible for ensuring that the database 106 of the server 104 includes up-to-date data, (i.e., the same data that is provided by the parties at each terminal connected to the system). Each terminal can contact the synchronization server 98 and download and/or upload any changes to the information stored in the database server 104.
  • the synchronization server 98 uses Windows NT Enterprise Server 4.0 software.
  • the SQL (Structured Query Language) server 100 handles queries and loads of the database 106.
  • the SQL server 100 includes SQL Server 7.0 Enterprise Internet Connector software.
  • the data transformation service 102 modifies the data being transferred to the database 106 when the physical representation of the data used in the source hardware or software environment is not compatible with the hardware or software environment of the database 106. Similarly, the data transformation service 102 also modifies data transferred from the database 106 if it does not have the correct physical presentation for destination hardware or software.
  • the database server 104 and associated database 106 store information including information about the customers. This information may be accessed by the terminals if appropriate authorization is given to the requesting terminal to upload and/or download such information.
  • the database server 104 and associated database 106 store information including information about the customers. This information may be accessed by the terminals if appropriate authorization is given to the requesting terminal to upload and/or download such information.
  • the database server 104 and associated database 106 store information including information about the customers. This information may be accessed by the terminals if appropriate authorization is given to the requesting terminal to upload and/or download such information.
  • the database server 104 and associated database 106 store information including information about the customers. This information may be accessed by the terminals if appropriate authorization is given to the requesting terminal to upload and/or download such information.
  • the database server 104 and associated database 106 store information including information about the customers. This information may be accessed by the terminals if appropriate authorization is given to the requesting terminal to upload and/or download such information.
  • the pharmaceutical system software server 108 contains software that is accessed by customers.
  • the pharmaceutical system software server 108 includes web pages that are accessed by the customer.
  • the pharmaceutical system software server 108 may also include content and software that is accessed by the other terminals in the system.
  • the pharmaceutical system software server 108 is a cluster of Windows NT web servers
  • the server 74 has the capability to handle tens of thousands of pharmacy terminals sending updates to the server at regular intervals. (An average pharmacy handles approximately 200 transactions per day and updated information regarding each transaction needs to be sent to the server.) Additionally, it is preferable that the server 74 handle over 200 simultaneous connections and have a constant uptime for operation (i.e., 24 hours a day, 7 days a week). It is also preferable that web pages provided by the pharmaceutical system software server 108 load quickly when interfaced by the customer (i.e., within 5 - 10 seconds for content pages and 10 -15 seconds for dynamic pages over a standard dial-up connection).
  • the database server 104 needs to have a memory storage capacity to store information from each of the terminals, conservatively estimated to be between 45 gigabytes and 195 gigabytes.
  • the server 74 is administered by a system administrator using an administration module 110 having an administration interface 62. As will be discussed in greater detail below, the administrator performs setup and ongoing maintenance of the server 74. As should be apparent the discussion herein, the server 74 plays an important role in the system 70. However, computer systems at each of the participating parties are also important.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a computer system 113 at an exemplary pharmacy 56.
  • the computer system 113 includes a pharmacy management system 114.
  • the pharmacy management system 114 is coupled to a data base 116 that stores information including customer address, phone number, physician, insurance provider information as well as a list of any medications currently being used by the customer and any known allergies or other medical conditions that the customer has.
  • the pharmacy management system 114 is a type of a fill and bill system and has the ability to interface all new and changed customer accounts, customer prescriptions, responses to customer requests, profile information, changes to the pharmacists, changes to web site content, etc.
  • the pharmacy management system 114 is designed to effectively interact with the server 74 and the other components of the system 70. Alternatively, upgrades may be provided to allow existing pharmacy management software to interact with the system 70.
  • the pharmacy at which the customer is a patron registers with the server 74.
  • the pharmacy contacts the administrator and an account is established.
  • the pharmacy assists the administrator in developing a pharmacy specific web page that is accessible by customers.
  • the web page may also be accessible from the pharmacy's own standalone web site.
  • the pharmacy specific web page includes contact and operating information about the pharmacy and other pharmaceutical content.
  • the pharmacy is equipped with the pharmacy management system 114 or an upgrade to its existing management software to provide functionality equivalent to that provided by the computer system 113.
  • FIG. 6 schematically illustrates some of the functions the customer can perform utilizing the web site 72.
  • the customer can maintain their account, request/order recommended products, order refills, check refill status, view profile information, and request information and view responses.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates these processes in more detail.
  • Customer Opens Web Site the customer opens the web site by connecting to the network 76 using a browser.
  • step 124 Show Login Page
  • the login page of the web site is displayed.
  • the customer can then choose to enter user specific content of the web site or to view general non-user content of the web site.
  • the customer is presented an option 126 to view content 128 regarding the benefits of using the system 70.
  • the customer is also presented an option 130 to view the security/privacy policy 135 for the system 70.
  • the general content of the web site can include as much or as little information about prescription drugs and treatments and the pharmaceutical system 70 as the administrator desires to provide the general public. If the customer has registered with the system 70, he or she may enter his or her username and password, as shown at step 140. The username and password information is then validated at step 150. If the login is not valid, a web page is loaded that informs the customer that the data fields are invalid, as shown at step 160. The customer is then redirected to re-enter username and password information, as shown by ath 162.
  • FIG. 8 schematically illustrates how the customer maintains their account using the web site 72 of the pharmaceutical system 70. As shown at step 200, Show
  • the web site reloads the main page. If the customer does wish to modify their account, they may make various changes, as shown at step 220. Examples of information that the customer can change include the email address they use to receive information from the pharmaceutical system 70 and the password used to access the web site.
  • step 230 Submit Change?, they are asked if they would like to submit the change. If the customer does not wish to submit the change, the customer may move to other portions of the site, as shown at 215. If the customer does submit the change, the validity of the change is checked, as shown at step 240, Validate Change. If the proposed change is invalid, an error message is generated, as shown at step 255, Show Error Message. After the error message is displayed, the customer may be redirected to step 200. If the proposed change is valid, the proposed change is saved at step 260, Save Changes, and the customer is informed that the change was successful at step 270, Show Thank You Page.
  • FIG. 9 schematically illustrates how the customer orders refills using the pharmaceutical system 70.
  • Show Refill Request Page the customer can select a refill request page. In one embodiment, only the prescriptions that are less than one year old are shown on the refill request page. The customer may be able to load the prescriptions that are older than one year old, but ideally the customer should have checkups with his or her physician where older prescriptions are evaluated and adjusted according to the progress of the prescribed regimen.
  • Request Refills the customer is allowed to select any of the prescriptions that are currently stored in the pharmaceutical system 70, and request a refill. The customer enters a proposed date to pickup the refill from the pharmacy.
  • the request is saved in the database server 104 at step 350, Save Refills.
  • the customer's physician is contacted for authorization to continue the expired prescription.
  • Show Refill Request Confirmation Page a web page is loaded that shows the customer what refills are refillable and on what date they will be ready for pickup, and what refills are waiting for approval from the physician. Once the customer has finished reviewing the show refill request confirmation page, the customer can return to the main page for further action by the customer. All information regarding refills requested is sent to the respective pharmacy management system 113 so the pharmacist can prepare the refill according to the customer's request.
  • FIG. 10 schematically illustrates how the customer checks refill status using the pharmaceutical system 70.
  • Show Refill Status Page the customer can select a status page that displays refills ordered as described with respect to FIG. 9. In one embodiment, only the refill requests that are less than one month old are shown. The customer may be able to load the refills that are older than one month old, but ideally the customer should pickup refills in a timely manner after requesting such refills.
  • the information displayed on the status page is similar to the information provided at step 370 as described with respect to FIG. 9. The information displayed allows the customer to check whether or not their physician authorized refills that required physician approval. If the physician authorizes the refill, the customer can pickup the refill on the date indicated on the refill status page.
  • the pharmaceutical system 70 can automatically, or upon request by the customer, send reminders to the physician if no response is received within a set amount of time. Once the customer has finished reviewing the refill status page, the customer can return to the main page. All information regarding refills requested and later verified is sent to the respective pharmacy management system 114 so the pharmacist can prepare the refill according to the customer's request.
  • FIG. 11 schematically illustrates how the customer requests information and views responses using the pharmaceutical system 70.
  • the embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 11 primarily relates to communication of customer/pharmacy data.
  • the customer interacts with the pharmacist at the retail pharmacy to a greater extent than he or she interacts with the other parties.
  • the pharmaceutical system 70 can be configured to allow the customer to request information and view the responses with respect to other types of communication (i.e., customer/physician, customer/drug manufacturer, customer/fiscally responsible party, customer/governmental agency, etc.).
  • customer/physician i.e., customer/physician, customer/drug manufacturer, customer/fiscally responsible party, customer/governmental agency, etc.
  • Show Communicate with Pharmacist Page the customer can request information and view responses from their pharmacist.
  • a web page is loaded that allows the customer to request new information, view a response to past information requests, or delete old responses that are no longer needed.
  • the customer can delete responses.
  • the Communicate With Pharmacist Page is similar to an email system that includes a listing of all old, new, and outgoing messages. The customer may organize the responses stored in their account by eliminating old responses. Once the deletion and organization is completed, the customer may return to the Communicate With Pharmacist Page.
  • a Specific Response to View the customer can select a response from the pharmacist to view.
  • the response may be a new response that has not yet been viewed or an old response that has already been viewed.
  • Show Response Detail Page the chosen response is displayed. Once the selected response is viewed, the customer can return to the Communicate With Pharmacist Page.
  • the customer can request information from the pharmacist. This information may include information about a particular drug the customer discovered to be an alternative to his current prescription, information about a side effect the customer is experiencing, or other information.
  • a web page is displayed at step 540, Show Request Information Page, that allows the customer to input the information they would like to request from the pharmacist.
  • Enter Subject, Choose Pharmacist, and Message the customer enters a subject of the information requested, chooses the pharmacist they would like to answer their question (if a particular pharmacist is desired), and writes the message requesting information.
  • Submit Request? the customer determines whether to submit the request.
  • the customer moves to another page, as shown at step 565, Customer Moves to Another Page.
  • the web site reloads the main page of the site. If the customer submits the request, the request is validated, as shown in steps 570 and 580. If the request is invalid, an error message is generated, as shown at step 585. If the request is valid, the request is saved in the database server 104 at step 590, Save Request. At step 600, Show thank You Page, the customer is informed that the request was successfully saved. Once the customer has completed viewing the confirmation page, the customer is redirected to step 500 and the account page is redisplayed. All requests for information are sent to the respective pharmacy so the pharmacist can prepare a response to the request for information.
  • FIG. 12 schematically illustrates how the customer views his or her profile information using the pharmaceutical system 70.
  • Show Profile Information Page the customer can view their profile information.
  • a web page is loaded that allows the customer to view current medical diagnoses and choose various information about their profile.
  • the customer can view all conditions and allergies currently listed in their profile.
  • the system may display all conditions and allergies currently listed in the system. This allows the customer to research conditions and allergies that they may have (based on symptoms they are experiencing), but have not yet been diagnosed.
  • the customer selects a specific diagnosis or allergy at step 614, Choose a Specific Diagnosis or Allergy. Once the specific diagnosis or allergy is selected, available treatments are displayed, as shown at step 616, Show Prescription Profile Page for Chosen
  • the customer selects a specific prescription at step 630, Choose a Specific Prescription, and once the customer has selected a specific prescription, a web page is loaded at step 635, Show Prescription Detail Page, that displays information including directions, warnings, and common uses for the chosen prescription.
  • the customer may also arrive at steps 630 and 635 by other routes shown in FIG. 12.
  • the customer can view all prescription listings currently in their profile. In one embodiment, only the prescriptions issued in the past one year are displayed. In an alternative embodiment, the system may display all current prescription listings in the system for the customer. This allows the customer to research prescriptions they learn about through various communication avenues, and thus determine if they would be effective in treating conditions and/or allergies they currently are experiencing. The customer is then directed to steps 630 and 635.
  • the customer can view education materials recommended by the pharmacist.
  • the pharmacist may utilize the educational materials as a method of teaching the customer how to efficiently and effectively use the drugs or treatments prescribed to them.
  • the educational modules may be utilized to satisfy the explanation requirements placed on the pharmacist by government agencies.
  • the customer selects a specific educational module at step 650, Choose an Educational Module, and a category page for the chosen module is displayed at step 655, Show Category Page for Chosen Module.
  • Choose a Category the customer selects a category of the chosen educational module. Once a category is chosen, a question for the category is asked of the customer at step 665. The question quizzes the customer and determines whether or not the customer understands the information without viewing the educational content of the module.
  • step 670 Correct Answer?, a determination is made whether or not the customer answered the question correctly. If answered correctly, the customer is directed to step 660 and another category is chosen. If answered incorrectly, the customer is informed of the incorrect response, as shown in step 675.
  • step 680 View Educational Material.
  • the customer views the displayed information about the chosen category.
  • the customer is questioned about the category again, as shown at step 665. If the customer continues to answer the question incorrectly, the customer is directed back to the educational material.
  • step 690 Choose Pharmacist Recommendations, the customer can view recommendations made by the pharmacist. If selected, a web page is loaded that displays the products recommended by the pharmacist for the customer, as shown at step 692.
  • step 694 Choose a Specific Product, the customer selects a product from the list of recommended products and product detail page is displayed, as shown at step 696 includes a description of the chosen product and benefits of using the chosen product. The customer may then request or order the selected products as described with respect to FIG. 13.
  • FIG. 13 schematically illustrates how the customer requests or orders recommended products using the system 70.
  • Show Request or Order Recommended Products Page the customer can request or order products recommended to them by the pharmacist or one of the other parties involved in the pharmaceutical system.
  • the customer can elect to buy the product on-line or elect to buy the product at a retail location, such as a pharmacy.
  • step 702 Choose to Buy On-line.
  • the customer can then select the product for purchase at step 705, Show Shopping Cart for Chosen Product, by placing the product in their shopping cart in accordance with commonly known e- commerce product purchasing techniques.
  • step 710 Submit On-line Order for Product, the customer checks out and purchases all the products they have placed in their on-line shopping cart. If the customer purchases an item on-line, the representative information will be transferred to an appropriate facility for shipment of the product to the customer.
  • step 715 Choose to Pickup Product at Pharmacy.
  • step 720 Show Request Information Page with Request to Buy Filled In, a web page is displayed that includes a request to purchase by the customer. The customer can then submit the request, as shown at step 725. If the customer determines not to submit the request, the customer is directed to another page, as shown at step 727. If a request is submitted, the request is validated at steps 730 and 735. If the request is not valid, an error message is generated, as shown at step 737. If the request is valid, the request is saved at step 740, Save Request, and the customer is informed that the request was successfully submitted at step 745, Show Thank You Page. Once the customer has completed viewing the confirmation page, the customer is redirected to step 600, as shown in FIG. 12. If the customer purchases an item for pickup at the pharmacy, that information is transferred to the pharmacy.
  • FIG. 14 schematically illustrates some of the functions the pharmacist performs utilizing the pharmacy management system 70.
  • the pharmacist views and responds to customer questions, reviews quiz results, views refill requests, maintains customer accounts, maintains customer profiles, and receives updated recommended product defaults.
  • the pharmacist reviews the information requested and prepares an appropriate response. If the pharmacist believes the customer is experiencing some undesirable side effects or some other adverse reaction that requires immediate attention, they may contact the customer directly and request that they visit their physician. The pharmacist may determine that some questions that are repeatedly asked are better dealt with by providing all customers the opportunity to review answers to frequently asked questions using the web site.
  • the pharmacist views refill requests and prepare the refills for pickup according to the date entered by the customer.
  • the pharmacy management system
  • 114 can include a scheduler that informs the pharmacist when a particular refill request needs to be filled so the refills are always ready for pickup as indicated. If authorization by the customer's physician is required before further action is taken, the pharmacist can note that and wait for the appropriate authorization. If the authorization is not received as the time nears for pickup, the pharmacist can use the pharmaceutical system 70 to inform the physician of such required response.
  • the pharmacist maintains customer accounts and profiles adding new customers to the system, deleting old customers from the system, and updating any information that has changed for current customers. The pharmacist verifies all information when the customer comes to the pharmacy to pick up a refill to make sure that the customer still has the same insurance provider, physician, address, phone number, etc.
  • the customer can update this information using the web site, but the pharmacist double checks the information before delivering the prescribed drugs or treatments. If other information changes for the customer, such as a new allergy, an adverse reaction, or a change in medical status (e.g., new disability detected), that information is input into the system. The pharmacist receives updated recommended product defaults.
  • Recommended products may be based on discounts the drug manufacturer is offering or may be based on other factors such as coverage of the product by the insurance provided.
  • the pharmacist may also recommend products to customers that other customers with similar conditions or allergies used successfully.
  • the pharmacist updates the recommended products the customer can view using the web site so the list is as up-to-date as possible.
  • the pharmacist When the pharmacist utilizes the pharmaceutical system 70, the pharmacist is relieved of some managerial duties that occupy a large amount of time, thereby freeing the pharmacist to practice more pharmacological science.
  • the pharmacist has more time to study new and existing drugs and treatments, and the pharmaceutical system 70 increases the speed at which the pharmacist can review such information. In the end, the customer experiences better service from the pharmacist and, thereby, maintains a healthier lifestyle.
  • FIG. 15 schematically illustrates the flow of information from the pharmacy management database 116 to the database 106 and the flow of information from the database 106 to the pharmacy management database 116.
  • the flow of information between the database 116 to the database 106 includes collecting updated data from the pharmacy management database 116 including changes to the customer's profile, account information, prescriptions, responses, pharmacy, and physician and loading the updated information into the database 106.
  • the flow of information from the database 106 to the pharmacy management database 116 includes collected updated data from the database 106 including refills, quiz results, e-mail address, password, requests, and loading the updated information into the pharmacy management database 116.
  • FIG. 16 schematically illustrates some of the functions the administrator can perform utilizing the administration module 110.
  • the admimstrator can access the administration module 110, report on pharmacy usage, report on on-line orders, maintain educational modules, maintain pharmacy accounts, and maintain request types.
  • the administrator accesses the administration module 110 using the administration interface 112.
  • the administrator can interface the server and perform the representative functions illustrated in FIG. 16.
  • the administrator can report on pharmacy usage based on number of hits on the site.
  • the administrator can use this information in conjunction with the pharmacy in making appropriate changes to the site to increase the number of hits.
  • the administrator may also use the counter to establish future pricing for the pharmacy.
  • the administrator can report on on-line orders when the customer orders a recommended product on-line.
  • the information is transferred to an appropriate facility for processing of the order.
  • the product is then sent to the customer at the address listed in their profile using the payment information also listed in their profile. If the product is covered by the customer's insurance, the administrator informs the customer accordingly.
  • FIG. 17 schematically illustrates how an educational page for an educational module is created.
  • the educational page is typically created outside of the administration module 110 by the drug manufacturer or the pharmacist, and then incorporated into an educational module maintained by the administrator.
  • Create Content Page a content page is created in HTML with appropriate links to other pages.
  • a corresponding question page is then created at step 810, Create Question Page.
  • the question page is directly linked from the content page.
  • Create Education Pages the education pages are created in HTML (or a similar language) with links to each other. These pages are then copied to the appropriate directory in the educational content server 96 at step 840, Copy Pages to Appropriate Directory.
  • the administrator then creates the new educational module at step 850, Create the New Educational Module, using the administration module 110.
  • the administrator maintains pharmacy accounts by updating any information that has changed. Similarly, the administrator makes any changes to the pharmacy specific web page if the customers are having difficulty with the web page. Changes to account information may include pricing, billing, location, contact information, pharmacists at the location, affiliation with other pharmacies, etc.
  • Changes to account information may include pricing, billing, location, contact information, pharmacists at the location, affiliation with other pharmacies, etc.
  • the administrator also, establishes what types of request the customer can and cannot make. The requests may be limited to a list of topics that have been approved by the parties involved in the pharmaceutical system. If a particular drug manufacturer does not want to receive requests for a certain type of information, the administrator can invalidate such a request and thereby not allow the request to be processed.
  • FIG. 18 schematically illustrates a data model diagram upon which one embodiment of the invention is based.
  • the data model diagram represents the interaction between entities of the pharmaceutical system 70. Cardinality is indicated by the presence or absence of a crow's foot at the end of a relationship branch. If the terminating end of a relationship branch has a crow's foot, an instance of the originating entity can be related to one or more instances of the terminating entity. If the terminating end is a single line, an instance of the originating entity can be related to only one instance of the terminating entity. For example, the relationship between a patient and an account is drawn as a straight line indicating only one account per patient is allowed.
  • a single line at the physician's box and crow's foot at the prescription box indicates that a single physician can dispense multiple prescriptions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Primary Health Care (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Medical Treatment And Welfare Office Work (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un produit pharmaceutique axé sur le client et un système de distribution d'informations. Le système comprend un terminal client (52) et un terminal de pharmacie (56), reliés à un réseau. Le terminal de pharmacie est relié à un système de gestion de pharmacie comportant une base de données. Un troisième terminal est également relié au réseau. Le troisième terminal est sélectionné dans le groupe comprenant un terminal (62) d'assurance, un terminal (82) de la partie responsable fiscalement, un terminal (54) médecin, un terminal (80) d'un organisme d'Etat, un terminal (60) de producteur de médicaments, et un terminal (58) de gestion d'avantages sociaux adaptés aux besoins des employés. Un serveur (74) est également relié au réseau. Le serveur comporte un site (72) accessible au client, à la pharmacie, et au troisième terminal. Le serveur possède également une base de données synchronisée avec la base de données du système de gestion de la pharmacie.
PCT/US2001/019034 2000-06-14 2001-06-14 Produit pharmaceutique axe sur le client et systeme de distribution d'informations WO2001097140A1 (fr)

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AU2001275486A AU2001275486A1 (en) 2000-06-14 2001-06-14 Customer-centered pharmaceutical product and information distribution system

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US60/211,525 2000-06-14

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2376108A (en) * 2000-09-04 2002-12-04 Enigma Health Uk Ltd Improvements relating to information management systems
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NL2002246C2 (nl) * 2008-11-24 2010-05-26 2Comply B V Werkwijze en systeem voor het bewaken en bevorderen van medicijngebruik.

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