WO2001079886A1 - Detecteur solide par scintillation, methode de detection - Google Patents
Detecteur solide par scintillation, methode de detection Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001079886A1 WO2001079886A1 PCT/FR2001/001178 FR0101178W WO0179886A1 WO 2001079886 A1 WO2001079886 A1 WO 2001079886A1 FR 0101178 W FR0101178 W FR 0101178W WO 0179886 A1 WO0179886 A1 WO 0179886A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- radiation
- detector
- yap
- crystal
- solid
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/202—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors the detector being a crystal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of a YAP (Ce) crystal as an element of a solid scintillation detector, a solid scintillation detector capable of simultaneously measuring low energy and very low energy ⁇ , ⁇ and X rays, and a detection method, in particular Tritium.
- a YAP (Ce) crystal as an element of a solid scintillation detector
- a solid scintillation detector capable of simultaneously measuring low energy and very low energy ⁇ , ⁇ and X rays
- a detection method in particular Tritium.
- Solid scintillation detectors capable of simultaneously measuring low-energy ⁇ , ⁇ and X radiation are commonly used for the detection of radioactive particles, especially in the atmospheres of industries and research laboratories related to nuclear energy production, medicine nuclear, radiation protection, oil prospecting, physics.
- solid detectors are used in particular for detecting possible contamination, for example of air or dust, in installations.
- the measurements obtained by these detectors are of very great importance because they make it possible to determine whether an environment, for example of an installation likely to include radioactive materials, is suitable for use. In particular, it will be decided to stop the operation of an installation if a radiation limit threshold is exceeded.
- the solid scintillation detectors capable of simultaneously measuring the low-energy ⁇ , ⁇ and X radiation currently known are detectors comprising a scintillation crystal of the Cesium lodide composition, doped with Thallium, usually denoted Csl (TI).
- the energy range measured with the detectors disclosed in these communications is relatively high and the preferred detectors use the combination of several scintillating materials.
- the detection efficiency is defined by the number of light photons from the scintillator collected by the photocathode of the photomultiplier per unit of energy of the radiation considered. It should be noted that the detection efficiency varies from one type of particle to another: for information on light output (number of photons emitted per unit of incident energy), at equal incident equivalent energy, a proton produced between a quarter and a half of the light produced by an electron where an alpha particle will produce only one tenth).
- the average energy of the radiation from a ⁇ emitter corresponds substantially to one third of the value of the maximum energy of this radiation.
- the maximum energy emitted by the ⁇ radiation is 158 keV.
- the maximum energy emitted by the ⁇ radiation is 18.5 keV.
- Known solid detectors capable of simultaneously measuring low energy ⁇ , ⁇ and X radiation do not allow very low energy radiation to be measured with good efficiency.
- Very low energy radiation is called in particular ⁇ radiation whose maximum energy is less than 200 keV or even less than 50 keV and even less than 20 keV, and X radiation with an energy less than 6 keV.
- the technical problem solved by the present invention is that of the simultaneous detection of low, very low energy ⁇ , ⁇ and X radiation, in particular ⁇ radiation whose maximum energy is less than 200 keV or even less than 50 keV and even less. at 20 keV.
- the invention teaches the use of a solid detector comprising at least one YAP crystal (Ce) for simultaneously measuring ⁇ , ⁇ , and X radiation, said radiation comprising at least one very low energy component, in particular ⁇ radiation whose maximum energy is less than 200 keV, for example radiation emitted by 14 C and / or Tritium ( 3 H), and or X radiation whose energy is less than 6 keV.
- a solid detector comprising at least one YAP crystal (Ce) for simultaneously measuring ⁇ , ⁇ , and X radiation, said radiation comprising at least one very low energy component, in particular ⁇ radiation whose maximum energy is less than 200 keV, for example radiation emitted by 14 C and / or Tritium ( 3 H), and or X radiation whose energy is less than 6 keV.
- the invention also relates to a solid scintillation detector comprising at least one means for measuring light, said detector being capable of simultaneously measuring low-energy ⁇ , ⁇ and X radiation which comprises at least one crystalline oxide-based material.
- a solid scintillation detector comprising at least one means for measuring light, said detector being capable of simultaneously measuring low-energy ⁇ , ⁇ and X radiation which comprises at least one crystalline oxide-based material.
- Such a solid detector by scintillation is capable of measuring very low energy X and ⁇ radiation.
- Any photosensitive system which has an efficiency of response to the i wavelength of emission of the YAP (Ce), ie 370 nm, is capable of constituting a means of measuring light according to the invention . Mention may be made, for example, of CCD, photodiode, PSPMT type sensors.
- the means for measuring the light of this solid detector by scintillation is a photomultiplier.
- the means for bringing in very low energy radiation is an entrance window allowing a sufficient quantity of very low energy particles to pass through to allow the detection of said particles.
- the entry window is a metallized or light-tight polymer film, in particular of the type of films known under the trade name MYLAR.
- the entrance window consists of a metallic deposit in a thin layer, in particular of aluminum on a YAP crystal.
- a typical thickness of such a deposit is of the order of 100 nm.
- the entry window is a thin metallic sheet, in particular of aluminum, with a thickness typically of the order of a few micrometers.
- the means for bringing very low energy radiation into contact with at least one YAP crystal (Ce) is a gas, especially air.
- This embodiment is suitable for cases where a light seal is superfluous.
- the YAP (Ce) -based crystalline material is a YAP (Ce) single crystal and a means for bringing very low energy radiation into contact with at least one YAP (Ce) crystal in order to allow detection. very low energy radiation.
- the crystalline material based on YAP (Ce) is a polycrystal of YAP (Ce).
- the crystalline material based on YAP (Ce) is a powder of crystals of YAP (Ce).
- this solid scintillation detector comprises a thin YAP (Ce) crystal, in particular less than 100 ⁇ m.
- the detector comprises means for preserving a distance, d, of between 0.2 and 2 mm between the external measurement surface of said detector, in particular the face exterior of an entrance window or the exterior face of at least one YAP crystal (Ce), and the plane capable of being placed as close as possible to the exterior measurement surface of said detector.
- d a distance between 0.2 and 2 mm between the external measurement surface of said detector, in particular the face exterior of an entrance window or the exterior face of at least one YAP crystal (Ce), and the plane capable of being placed as close as possible to the exterior measurement surface of said detector.
- the means making it possible to preserve said distance, d consists of at least two discontinuous bosses, in particular of substantially punctual studs and / or of substantially parallelepipedic projections, arranged around the external measurement surface of the detector, and / or at least one continuous boss, in particular a projection extending over a part of the periphery of the external measurement surface of the detector.
- the invention also relates to a solid scintillation detector which can measure the ⁇ radiation of the carbon isotope 14, 14 C, with a signal to noise ratio greater than 20.
- the invention also relates to a solid scintillation detector which can measure the ⁇ radiation of the 3 H tritium isotope.
- the invention also relates to a method for detecting Tritium ( 3 H) and / or Carbon 14 ( 14 C) in which particles of Tritium and / or Carbon 14 are detected using a solid detector.
- the invention also relates to a method for the simultaneous detection of ⁇ , ⁇ , and X radiation, said radiation comprising at least one very low energy component, in particular ⁇ radiation whose maximum energy is less than 200 keV, for example emitted radiation. with 14 C and / or Tritium ( 3 H), and or X-rays whose energy is less than 6 keV, which includes at least the following steps:
- - have a solid scintillation detector next to a surface to be analyzed comprising at least one light measuring means, said detector being capable of simultaneously measuring low-energy ⁇ , ⁇ and X rays which comprises at least one YAP crystal (Ce) and means for bringing very low energy radiation into contact with at least one YAP crystal (Ce) in order to allow the detection of very low energy radiation;
- the detector comprises, following the scintillation induced by the interaction of the radiation from the surface to be analyzed and at least one YAP crystal (Ce) of said detector.
- this method further comprises
- a preliminary stage of collecting dust on a support for example on the filter of a vacuum cleaner
- a step consisting in surrounding said detector and said surface to be analyzed with a light-tight box.
- this method further comprises a preliminary step where said detector is placed in an area liable to be contaminated and where the measurement of the activity is carried out in situ.
- the measurement conditions are as follows:
- the detector directly integrates a YAP (Ce) crystal bonded to a Hamamatsu 2060 photomultiplier;
- Table II makes it possible to compare the improvement in the signal to noise ratio that the detector according to the invention allows, compared to the detector based on Csl (TI): measurement of the raw count and of the background noise (expressed in counts per second) to determine the signal to noise ratio of a detector comprising a YAP crystal (Ce) compared to a detector comprising a Csl crystal (TI).
- TI Csl
- Table III presents the yield (in%) of the detector comprising a YAP crystal (Ce) compared to the detector comprising a Csl crystal (TI).
- the detector consists of a YAP crystal (Ce) directly adhered with optical grease on a Photonis XP2042 photomultiplier;
- the samples are placed in a light-tight box.
- the counting time is 200 s and the voltage of the photomuliplier is fixed at 1530 V;
- the source is a 5 cm 2 active surface disc emitting 93.4 strokes / s on 2 ⁇ steradian.
- Table IV illustrates the results obtained with an aluminum entrance window 100 nm thick, deposited directly on a YAP (Ce) crystal in the form of a disc with a diameter of 25.4 mm and a thickness of 1 mm. This configuration is particularly useful when sealing the detector relative to ambient light is required.
- Table V illustrates the performance obtained with a YAP crystal (Ce) in the form of a disc with a diameter of 36 mm and a thickness of 1.5 mm, but without an entry window.
- This configuration is suitable for cases where light tightness is superfluous.
- the invention therefore demonstrates the possibility of advantageously using a solid scintillator, that is to say where particles interact with at least one crystal, to detect radiation of very low energies.
- the invention therefore demonstrates in particular the possibility of advantageously using a solid scintillator for the detection of ⁇ radiation from Tritium.
- This detection can, depending on the activities and the type of phase concerned (gas, liquid, solid), be done in a relatively short time and at lower cost.
- a fast scintillator such as YAP (Ce) which allows counting rates greater than 1 MHz.
- Table I Measurement of the counting rate, in counts per second, for a voltage of 1300 V applied to the photomultiplier.
- TI Csl crystal
- Table IV Detection of Tritium with a detector comprising a YAP crystal (Ce) and a 100 nm aluminum entry window.
- Table V Detection of Tritium with a detector comprising a windowless YAP (Ce) crystal
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU54865/01A AU5486501A (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2001-04-17 | Scintillation solid state detector, detection method |
EP01927983A EP1272872A1 (fr) | 2000-04-14 | 2001-04-17 | Detecteur solide par scintillation, methode de detection |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0004884A FR2808092A1 (fr) | 2000-04-14 | 2000-04-14 | Detecteur solide par scintillation |
FR00/04884 | 2000-04-14 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001079886A1 true WO2001079886A1 (fr) | 2001-10-25 |
Family
ID=8849301
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2001/001178 WO2001079886A1 (fr) | 2000-04-14 | 2001-04-17 | Detecteur solide par scintillation, methode de detection |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1272872A1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU5486501A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2808092A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001079886A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109342482A (zh) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-02-15 | 深圳市福瑞康科技有限公司 | 一种闪烁检测方法、装置、固态闪烁体和样品采集装置 |
-
2000
- 2000-04-14 FR FR0004884A patent/FR2808092A1/fr active Pending
-
2001
- 2001-04-17 EP EP01927983A patent/EP1272872A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-04-17 WO PCT/FR2001/001178 patent/WO2001079886A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-04-17 AU AU54865/01A patent/AU5486501A/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
FYODOROV A A ET AL: "A broad range YAP-plastic phoswich dosimeter", NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH, SECTION - B: BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS,NL,NORTH-HOLLAND PUBLISHING COMPANY. AMSTERDAM, vol. 134, no. 3-4, 1 March 1998 (1998-03-01), pages 413 - 417, XP004122868, ISSN: 0168-583X * |
FYODOROV ET AL.: "A BROAD-RANGE YTTRIUM ALUMINUM PEROVSKITE BASED DOSIMETER", IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM & MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE, vol. 2, 1994, PISCATAWAY, NJ, USA, pages 978 - 981, XP000965368 * |
YASUDA K ET AL: "Properties of a YAP powder scintillator as alpha-ray detector", APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES,GB,PERGAMON PRESS LTD., EXETER, vol. 52, no. 3, March 2000 (2000-03-01), pages 365 - 368, XP004187029, ISSN: 0969-8043 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109342482A (zh) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-02-15 | 深圳市福瑞康科技有限公司 | 一种闪烁检测方法、装置、固态闪烁体和样品采集装置 |
CN109342482B (zh) * | 2018-11-16 | 2024-05-28 | 深圳市福瑞康科技有限公司 | 一种闪烁检测装置、方法及其应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1272872A1 (fr) | 2003-01-08 |
AU5486501A (en) | 2001-10-30 |
FR2808092A1 (fr) | 2001-10-26 |
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