WO2001077489A1 - Procede de conduite de mesures in situ de proprietes d'un fluide de gisement - Google Patents

Procede de conduite de mesures in situ de proprietes d'un fluide de gisement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001077489A1
WO2001077489A1 PCT/NO2001/000154 NO0100154W WO0177489A1 WO 2001077489 A1 WO2001077489 A1 WO 2001077489A1 NO 0100154 W NO0100154 W NO 0100154W WO 0177489 A1 WO0177489 A1 WO 0177489A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
drill string
reservoir
casing
reservoir fluid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO2001/000154
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bjørn DYBDAHL
Original Assignee
Dybdahl Bjoern
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from NO990344A external-priority patent/NO990344L/no
Priority claimed from NO20005493A external-priority patent/NO20005493L/no
Application filed by Dybdahl Bjoern filed Critical Dybdahl Bjoern
Priority to AU2001252774A priority Critical patent/AU2001252774A1/en
Priority to EP01926242A priority patent/EP1282760A1/fr
Publication of WO2001077489A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001077489A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/08—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
    • E21B49/081—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells with down-hole means for trapping a fluid sample

Definitions

  • the invention regards a method of conducting in situ measurements of properties of reservoir fluids by means of measuring instruments/apparatuses enclosed in a casing connected to the outer, free end of a string of tubulars in a wellbore/well that extends at least down to the hydrocarbon- containing layer of the reservoir, where the inherent pressure of the reservoir fluid (the reservoir pressure) ensures the inflow of reservoir fluid to the instrument/ apparatus casing through an inlet or possibly a combined inlet/outlet, and where signals that are generated via electronics etc. on the basis of measurement results obtained in situ, are transmitted further to the surface position, possibly for further analysis.
  • the above methods each have different advantages and disadvantages.
  • the strong point of full production testing is that data may be collected from a large volume of reservoir fluid, ensuring highly reliable data.
  • the main weak point is the great costs incurred, for instance when hiring a rig and other necessary equipment.
  • Another significant disadvantage is that it will be necessary somehow to handle the large volume of reservoir fluid that is transported up to the surface. At present, this is normally done by burning the oil and gas, which is damaging to the environment. Consequently, the oil companies aim to cease such burning after 2003.
  • Essential advantages of the use of sampling and measuring equipment that is lowered into the well by a wire string is that it allows continuous sampling of the reservoir fluid during drilling, and that it may be carried out at a considerably lower cost than full production testing. In addition, there is no need to burn oil and gas.
  • the main weak point of the equipment is the limitations on what the equipment can provide in the way of data regarding relevant reservoir fluid parameters. As an example, it is not possible to obtain essential data regarding the flow conditions in the reservoir fluid. Also, the equipment can not be used in connection with saturated gas reservoirs, as the pressure and temperature can not be stabilised. This weakness is further enhanced in consequence of very small volumes of reservoir fluid being extracted, and of the equipment having to be manipulated from the surface. The latter fact may in addition lead to the measurement results for the reservoir fluid becoming unreliable.
  • Such errors in the measurement results may among other things be due to the equipment not being positioned correctly in the reservoir during sampling, to the reservoir fluid at the sampling location having been contaminated by the drill fluid used during drilling, and to sand that follows the reservoir fluid upon sampling causing cracks and leakage in the equipment.
  • US 5 095 745 describes a sampling tool with an analysis chamber, which following the analysis delivers the well fluid back to the isolated oil-containing layer. More specifically, this US patent specification discloses a method and an apparatus/tool for testing subsea formations, in particular formations exhibiting a very particular permeability.
  • This known device comprises a well fluid-receiving chamber provided with a piston that may be moved in a reciprocal motion in the chamber. The length of stroke for the piston is very limited and is determined by the dimensions of the chamber in the axial direction of the piston, and the device is therefore unsuitable for certain measurements that require the passage of a substantial volume of fluid into and through the casing of the measuring instrument in the space of a certain period of time.
  • US 5 201 220 describes a gas detector module with a flow line that returns the formation fluid to the well after analysis.
  • test fluid multiphase fluid, possibly containing gas
  • a multi-core cable in this subsea arrangement is only intended for transmission of electrical signals, and the processing system is located at a higher level than the wellbore, possibly at a surface position.
  • US 5 799 733 describes a system in which no provisions have been made for return of the liquid reservoir fluid to the exact same hydrocarbon-containing layer from which it was previously taken for measurement/analysis purposes.
  • This o known system is to allow fluid sampling and measurements, and comprises a powered formation pump as an essential component.
  • the subsea-operating device that forms part of this system, and which includes said pump, is connected to a production string.
  • the production string provides the s transfer of motive fluid that is pumped from a surface position to drive the subsea rotary motor for the formation pump. Pumping of in situ fluid to be tested into a sampling pipe takes place via said pump.
  • the conditions of such in situ subsea fluid tests have been made suitable for large throughflow volumes and long throughflow periods for said measuring instruments/apparatuses, so that a substantial o volume of reservoir fluid may be received and handled from the start of the test and until the end of it, and where provisions are also made for return of this substantial volume of test fluid to the original hydrocarbon-containing layer of the reservoir.
  • measurements such as flow or volume measurements are thus initiated with the instrument/apparatus casing in said in situ position and in fluid communication with the string of tubulars, which measurements are of the type that - in order to obtain measurement results with a high degree of accuracy - require the respective measuring instrument positioned in situ to have a throughflow of a substantial volume of test fluid for a considerable throughflow period.
  • This substantial volume of fluid is then received and handled for subsequent return to the original oil-containing layer of the reservoir, by being passed into the string of tubulars in fluid communication with the measuring instruments/apparatuses-containing casing.
  • the flow of the test fluid into the inlet of the instrument casing takes place in a known manner under utilisation of the inherent pressure of the reservoir fluid (the reservoir pressure), which also ensures that liquid fluids that have flowed through a respective measuring instrument is led further into and up through the bore of the string, in which is arranged a freely reciprocating piston that may be influenced by pressurised fluid both upstream (by the reservoir fluid when it flows out of the oil-containing layer) and downstream (from a fluid such as water or N 2 ) on the opposite, upper side of the piston, which fluid may be pressurised by pumping action and increase the pressure in the bore of the string at the downstream end of the piston, so that a build-up of pressure takes place here, which pressure will, after a while, exceed the pressure of the reservoir fluid by the upstream end of the piston.
  • a piston separates the reservoir fluid, which has had an opportunity to flow through respective measuring instruments in the casing and then up into the bore of the tubular string, from water or N 2 .
  • Said water or N 2 is also used to force drilling mud/fluid from the drill string or production string and out into the surrounding annulus formed between the tubular string and the borehole wall.
  • the piston After perforation in a manner that is known per se, the piston will travel upward upon admission of reservoir fluid at a rate that is controlled by a valve/choke.
  • the inflow of reservoir fluid can thereby be measured by reading the volume of fluid (preferably water or N 2 ) that has flowed into a tank on the surface during the inflow.
  • the safety valve often called BOP
  • BOP safety valve
  • the piston is brought to a halt in a seat inserted in the tubular string. All the desired tests have then been conducted downhole, and the reservoir fluid is forced back to the reservoir as indicated above. Uniform pressure data are obtained, due to the stabilised flow rate into the instrument casing.
  • sampling, flow or volume measurements or the other analyses can be carried out by use of whatever equipment is available at any time, to allow as much data as possible regarding relevant reservoir fluid parameters to be collected, that trace elements allow reliable flow measurements to be conducted in the reservoir fluid that has been introduced into the tubular string, and that the reservoir fluid may be returned from the tubular string to the ground formation following completion of the sampling, flow and volume measurements or the other analyses.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic cutout in the lower part of an exploration well being drilled in a ground formation
  • Figure 2 is a large-scale detail drawing, partly with a section through the tubular string, and in which the piston movably arranged in the bore of this, and stationary seat for same, may be seen.
  • the well is drilled by means of drilling equipment comprising a drill bit 15 with an associated drill string 4, the in situ sampling, and flow and volume measurements or the other analyses in the reservoir fluid being carried out by use of equipment provided inside an associated casing 7 that encloses the drill string above the drill bit 15.
  • the well is sealed off in an area by the hydrocarbon-containing layer 2 of the formation by means of packings 5, 6 that are arranged externally on the casing 7 and have expanded to abut the wall of the borehole in a sealing manner.
  • the invention is adapted to use in in situ sampling, flow and volume measurements, and any other analysis in reservoir fluid that is encountered in a ground formation 1 during drilling of an exploration well 3 for hydrocarbons, but there is obviously nothing to prevent the present invention from being used in a different context, e.g. in a ground formation that has already been put into full production.
  • the aim is, among other things, for typical properties or parameters of the reservoir fluid that is encountered in the ground formation 1 to be determined with the greatest possible degree of accuracy, without a large volume of hydrocarbons having to be brought out of the well 3 and up to the surface.
  • the well 3 is sealed off in an area immediately above and below (by 5 and 6) the hydrocarbon-containing layer 2 of the ground formation 1.
  • reservoir fluid from the hydrocarbon-containing layer 2 is introduced to a drill string 4 that has at least been passed through the sealed-off area of the well 3.
  • the sampling, the flow and volume measurements and the other analyses in the reservoir fluid are conducted in the sealed- off area of the well 3. Preferably, this will only take place when the drill string 4 has been closed off and filled with incoming reservoir fluid. With that, the sampling and respective measurements or analyses are only conducted after a large volume of reservoir fluid has been introduced into the drill string 4. This allows samples or measurements to be taken in a reservoir fluid that has stabilised after drilling, and which essentially contains no drill fluid. This as a consequence of, among other things, the previously mentioned piston 17 separating the reservoir fluid RV in chamber 19 below the piston 17 from the above water or N 2 .
  • Said water or N 2 may in an initial position or in a transitional position be pressurised in order to force drilling mud/fluid from the drill string/production string 4 and out into the annulus 3.
  • the piston 17 will travel upward (arrow A) into the string 4 as reservoir fluid RV is admitted into the drilling section 19 located below the piston 17 and expands as the piston 17 is moved up.
  • measuring or analysis equipment 9-12 that has been introduced into the well 3 together with the drill string 4
  • the reservoir fluid from the drill string 4 is returned to the hydrocarbon- containing layer 2 of the ground formation 1 in a suitable manner.
  • sampling, measuring or analysis equipment 9- 12 is withdrawn from the well 3 along with the drill string 4, in order to allow the small amount of reservoir fluid that comes up to the surface with it to be examined more closely in the laboratory. This avoids a large volume of reservoir fluid having to be carried to the surface, as mentioned previously.
  • the well 3 is only sealed off following a stop in drilling after the respective hydrocarbon-containing layer 2 of the ground formation 1 has been passed.
  • the drilling may if necessary continue down towards underlying layers (not shown), in order for these to be sampled, measured or analysed in a similar manner.
  • the well 3 Prior to the sampling, flow and volume measurements or the other analyses, the well 3 will normally be logged and washed out before being sealed off.
  • the washout can be carried out by means of a detergent that is circulated in the well 3.
  • the set of figures show an exploration well 3 drilled in a manner that is known per se, by means of a drill bit 15 with an associated drill string 4, and in which the pressure is equalised during drilling by use of a drill fluid with added trace elements.
  • the drill string 4 may for instance be coiled tubing etc.
  • Above the drill bit 15, the drill string 4 is enclosed in an associated casing 7 having a length that may be greater than the height of the hydrocarbon-containing layer 2 of the ground formation 1.
  • the casing 7 may be made from steel that is highly resistant against the effects of an acid environment with a high content of chlorides.
  • the respective end of the casing part 7 is attached to the drill string 4, or possibly the drill bit 15, in a pressure tight manner.
  • the well 3 may be equipped with a liner 16 that has either been terminated above or passed through the hydrocarbon-containing layer 2. In the latter case, the liner must be perforated at said layer 2 before samples can be taken.
  • the casing 7 is provided with external expandable packings 5, 6 spaced apart by a distance corresponding to the depth of the oil-containing layer 2, so as to allow the well 3 to be sealed off.
  • the respective packings 5, 6 are positioned by the upper and lower side of the hydrocarbon-containing layer 2. It is obviously possible to position the packings 5, 6 in a different manner from that which is shown, for instance by a middle section of said layer 2 only.
  • the packings 5, 6 may be of any suitable type.
  • the casing part 7 is centred in the well 3 when the packings 5, 6 are expanded to sealing engagement with the wall of the borehole.
  • the length of the casing part 7 and the positioning of the packings 5, 6 are determined on the basis of prior seismic investigations of the ground formation 1.
  • the casing part 7 is provided with at least one openable port 8 or similar to allow the reservoir fluid to be admitted to and returned from the drill string 4 via the casing part 7.
  • the drill string 4 is equipped with a suitable valve arrangement 13 designed to let the reservoir fluid pass into or out of the drill string 4 during the introduction from and return to the ground formation 1.
  • the upper end of the drill string 4 is provided with a further valve arrangement 14 designed to let the drill fluid pass into or out of the drill string, depending on whether reservoir fluid is being introduced into or returned from this, as described earlier.
  • the drill fluid is stored e.g. in tanks (not shown) on a drill ship (not shown).
  • the latter valve arrangement 14 is designed so as to allow the drill string 4 to be closed off when the added reservoir fluid has reached the upper valve arrangement 14 (as an example, a BOP), or at any other required level in the drill string 4, by a fluid-separating piston 17 (not shown) being brought to a halt in a seat 18.
  • the casing 7 is provided with the equipment necessary for taking the samples and conducting the measurements that are required in order to map out the relevant properties or parameters of the reservoir fluid.
  • Said sampling and measuring equipment is selected from that which is commercially available at any time.
  • the casing 7 may be equipped with other sampling and measuring equipment than that referred to in the following.
  • Sampling may for instance be conducted by use of single-phase containers 9 for oil, gas and water.
  • Measurements of e.g. temperature, pressure, H 2 SO and S0 4 contents, pH- conductivity, density and Cl-value etc. may be conducted by means of a sensor string system 10.
  • PVT-values pressure, volume, temperatures
  • IR infrared radiation
  • the casing part has equipment 12 for addition of suitable trace elements for oil, gas and water in the reservoir fluid, and said trace element may be added to the reservoir fluid.
  • the addition takes place while the drill string 4 is being filled and until this has been filled with reservoir fluid and closed off by the upper valve arrangement 14.
  • the casing 7 is equipped with an acoustic communication system (not shown) to allow a large number of sensor systems for various types of measurements to be placed in the casing part in the desired combinations.
  • Said communication system consists of small and intelligent communication units that are connected to the various sensors in the casing 7.
  • the measurement results from the respective sensors may be transmitted acoustically to a logging or telemetry unit (not shown) on the surface without the use of a communication cable.
  • a logging or telemetry unit not shown
  • the transmission of signals by cable is normally highly problematic in small diameter tools, due to the complexity of the sensors or moving parts in the tool.
  • the reservoir fluid is introduced into and returned from the drill string 4.
  • the drill string is e.g. a production string or an associated test string running along the drill string 4, preferably between the drill bit 15 and the valve arrangement 14 by the surface.
  • the casing 7 it is more appropriate for the casing 7 to be positioned further up the drill string, instead of in the position shown down by the drill bit 15.
  • more than the one casing part 7 shown may be provided, each with associated equipment for sampling and measuring, so that simultaneous samples and measurements may be taken from different layers of the ground formation.
  • the significant travelling distance of the piston 17 up through the drill string 4 is limited in such a manner that when the reservoir fluid RV, due to its inherent pressure (the reservoir pressure), has risen high enough in the drill string 4 for the fluid to reach the blowout preventer on the seabed or the surface, the piston 17 is halted in a seat 18 having a through passage 18a in the axial direction of the drill string, Fig. 2.
  • the bore of the string is preferably filled with water or N 2 .

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

Selon l'invention, lorsque l'on conduit des mesures in situ des propriétés/paramètres d'un fluide de gisement, éventuellement en relation avec des analyses, on utilise un appareil/instrument comprenant un boîtier (7) à l'extrémité amont d'une tige de forage (4), ce boîtier comportant une entrée/sortie face à la couche du gisement (2) contenant des hydrocarbures, en communication fluide avec l'alésage de la tige de forage (4), dans lequel est placé un piston (17) à mouvement alternatif, dont la partie supérieure à l'opposé du côté d'entrée de fluide de gisement (RF) peut être actionnée par un fluide (eau ou azote) sous pression de façon à forcer, à la fin des mesures, le fluide de gisement (RF) auparavant situé dans l'alésage de la tige de forage à retourner dans la couche d'hydrocarbure du gisement. En réalisant cette opération, une capacité considérable de fluide est rendue disponible, représentée par une tige de forage (4) en amont d'un point donné (le piston), avec possibilités en retour de pouvoir échantillonner un volume important de fluide. Ce système convient parfaitement aux appareils/instruments de mesures sous-marins qui pour qu'ils donnent des résultats avec un grand degré de précision nécessitent des vitesses très importantes d'écoulement de liquide testé.
PCT/NO2001/000154 1999-01-26 2001-04-09 Procede de conduite de mesures in situ de proprietes d'un fluide de gisement WO2001077489A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001252774A AU2001252774A1 (en) 1999-01-26 2001-04-09 A method of conducting in situ measurements of properties of a reservoir fluid
EP01926242A EP1282760A1 (fr) 2000-04-10 2001-04-09 Procede de conduite de mesures in situ de proprietes d'un fluide de gisement

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO990344A NO990344L (no) 1999-01-26 1999-01-26 FremgangsmÕte for bruk ved prøvetaking og/eller mÕling i reservoarvæske
NO19990344 1999-01-26
NO20005493 2000-04-10
NO20005493A NO20005493L (no) 2000-11-01 2000-11-01 Fremgangsmåte ved gjennomföring av in situ målinger av egenskaper hos reservoarv¶ske

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001077489A1 true WO2001077489A1 (fr) 2001-10-18

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PCT/NO2001/000154 WO2001077489A1 (fr) 1999-01-26 2001-04-09 Procede de conduite de mesures in situ de proprietes d'un fluide de gisement

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AU (1) AU2001252774A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001077489A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7717000B2 (en) 2003-09-29 2010-05-18 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Isokinetic sampling
US7942065B2 (en) 2005-11-22 2011-05-17 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Isokinetic sampling method and system for multiphase flow from subterranean wells
US8606531B2 (en) 2007-03-27 2013-12-10 Schlumberger Technology Corporation System and method for spot check analysis or spot sampling of a multiphase mixture flowing in a pipeline

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5095745A (en) * 1990-06-15 1992-03-17 Louisiana State University Method and apparatus for testing subsurface formations
US5799733A (en) * 1995-12-26 1998-09-01 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Early evaluation system with pump and method of servicing a well
WO2000065199A1 (fr) * 1999-04-22 2000-11-02 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Procede et appareil pour tester en continu un puits de forage

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5095745A (en) * 1990-06-15 1992-03-17 Louisiana State University Method and apparatus for testing subsurface formations
US5799733A (en) * 1995-12-26 1998-09-01 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Early evaluation system with pump and method of servicing a well
WO2000065199A1 (fr) * 1999-04-22 2000-11-02 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Procede et appareil pour tester en continu un puits de forage

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7717000B2 (en) 2003-09-29 2010-05-18 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Isokinetic sampling
US7942065B2 (en) 2005-11-22 2011-05-17 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Isokinetic sampling method and system for multiphase flow from subterranean wells
US8606531B2 (en) 2007-03-27 2013-12-10 Schlumberger Technology Corporation System and method for spot check analysis or spot sampling of a multiphase mixture flowing in a pipeline

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2001252774A1 (en) 2001-10-23

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