Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
  • C02F3/04—Aerobic processes using trickle filters
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
  • C02F1/286—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using natural organic sorbents or derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
  • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
  • B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
  • B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
  • B01J2220/4875—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being a waste, residue or of undefined composition
  • B01J2220/4887—Residues, wastes, e.g. garbage, municipal or industrial sludges, compost, animal manure; fly-ashes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
  • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
  • C02F2101/32—Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
  • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a device for purification of water contaminated with organic compounds, which comprise an absorbent and is arranged so that the contaminated water passes the absorbent, wherein at least the main part of said or- ganic contaminations is absorbed, and a method for purifying water containing organic compounds.
• Examples of fields where there is a need for purification of water contaminated with organic compounds are everywhere where there is a risk of spillage of environmentally hazardous substances like different types of oils, diesel, petrol and organic solvents. Areas that are in need of purification are for example beneath fuel deposits, at parking spaces, industrial stores, and decontamination plants. Contaminated water from such areas should be collected and led to a purification plant.
• Another field of application for the invention is for purification of surface water in residential areas.
• the purpose of the invention is to indicate a method and a de- vice for purification of water contaminated with organic substances, which is simple, environmentally friendly, and gives a very high degree of purification.
• This purpose is achieved by leading the contaminated water to a bed of composted wastes and thereafter bringing it to pass the bed, at which at least the main part of said contaminations are absorbed.
• the purpose is further achieved with the previously mentioned device characterised in that it comprises a bed of composted wastes, at which at least a part of said wastes form the absorbent.
• the composted wastes contain already what is needed for an effective purification and therefore no extra additives are needed, such as cellulose or active carbon.
• the method to purify contaminated water with composted wastes therefore becomes simple and inexpensive. .
• the composted wastes contain at least partially moulded organic material.
• the used bed is deposited for some time, whereby the absorbed organic compounds are degraded by bacteria and fungi contained in the compost.
• This degradation is an aerobic process and in one embodiment of the invention the deposition takes place in a ventilated container.
• the time for the deposition varies between two months and one year depending on the composition of the compost.
• the degradation is finished, the compost and the absorbed organic compounds have changed into topsoil.
• the soil can then, for example, be used on the fields or in the garden.
• This method of taking care of the contaminated absorbent is both simple and advantageous in an environmental point of view. Instead of creating an environmental load afterwards, it creates a resource, i.e. topsoil.
• the bed contains peat as well.
• the ability of the composted wastes to absorb the organic compounds is high, but their ability to retain the absorbed compounds is lower.
• peat By adding peat to bed, the ability of the bed to retain the organic compounds is increased.
• the share of composted wastes in the bed is larger than the share of peat, the share of composted wastes comprises preferably more than 70%. Since the share of composted wastes is higher than the share of peat in the bed, the properties of both the absorbing materials are utilised in an optimal way.
• the bed comprises one layer of composted wastes and one layer of peat, and the contaminated water is first led through the layer of composted wastes and then through the layer of peat.
• a high absorption of the organic compounds is first ob- tained in the first layer comprising the composted wastes, and then the peat in the second layer takes care of the organic compounds emitted from the first layer.
• Figure 1 shows a device for purification of water.
• Figure 2 shows a container for storage of the used absorption material during the time the absorbed contaminations are degraded.
• Figure 1 shows a collecting vessel 1 for the contaminated water, for example rain- or groundwater.
• the collecting vessel is connected to the purification device 3 by means of a pipe 2.
• the water is contaminated with organic compounds, for example in form of different types of oils, such as diesel , and petrol, organic solvents, organic pesticides and tensides.
• the purification device 3 contains a container 7 of for example plastic, concrete, or metal. I n the container 7, a number of layers are inserted which each contains a filtermass in the form of a bed of composted wastes 4. In the filtermass the contaminations are absorbed .
• the container 7 is at least partially open in order to allow for an exchange of air between the tank and its surroundings. The absorption thus takes place under aerobic conditions.
• wastes means garbage and trash from households, gardens, and industries.
• the wastes must at least to some extent contain organic material that must be mouldable in order to function as an absorbent.
• the wastes do not necessarily need to be sorted, rather are they useful even if they contain non- mouldable materials such as plastic or glass.
• the absorbent comprises the mouldable parts of the wastes. In order to absorb efficiently, the wastes should be at least partially moulded, the moulding should preferably be in a far advanced state.
• the de- nomination compost refers hereafter to compost from composted wastes.
• the container 7 contains one outer, upright container and one inner container, which is insertable and detachable from the outer container.
• the inner container can, for example, be a sack of plastic or textile.
• contaminated water is collected which thereafter is led by an inlet member 2 to the purification device 3 which comprises one or several layers each of which contains a bed of composted wastes.
• the contaminated water is brought to pass the compost, thus the main part of the contaminations in the water are absorbed in the compost.
• the contami- nated water is led away through an outlet member 6.
• the contaminated water flows downwards through the purification device under the influence of gravity.
• no outlet member is needed, instead the water is allowed to flow directly down into the ground beneath the purification de- vice.
• the filtermass becomes saturated with contaminations and needs to be changed for a new unsaturated filtermass.
• the saturated filtermass is deposited for some time in an aired container in order for the absorbed organic contaminations to have time to be degraded.
• the degradation takes place with the help of bacteria and fungi naturally present in the composted wastes. This is mainly an aerobic process.
• the time for the deposit depends on the composition of the composted wastes and the relationship between different types of fungi and bacteria in the compost. At optimum conditions, only two months can be enough, but it can take up to one year before the degradation is finished.
• topsoil remains, which can be used for example in gardens or on fields.
• Fresh compost is rich in nitrogen.
• a soaking leaching of the nitrogen takes place, which brings the saturated compost to become deficient in nitrogen.
• the deposit can be carried out in two steps.
• a first step the absorbent deficient in nitrogen is deposited without additives for two to four months.
• white and red nitrogen avoiding fungi are grown. These fungi actively assist in the degradation of the absorbed organic contaminations, and in particular to the degradation of organic pesticides.
• fresh compost rich in nitrogen is added to the absorbent. In the nitrogen rich environment created, the red and white fungi no longer thrive. On the other, hand bacteria prosper, assisting in further degrading the organic contaminations, in the nitrogen rich environment.
• the deposit can suitably be carried out in an open container 9, see figure 2.
• the container 9 can, for example, be a sack, pref- erably of plastic.
• the plastic can be LDPE (low density polyethylene).
• the deposit is carried out in the container 7 in which the purification unit is inserted during the purification process. If the container 7 comprises an inner container in the form of a sack, the sack with the purification unit can be lifted out of the outer container and be put away for depositing. When the degradation is finished, the sack with contents is transported to a suitable place where the topsoil is spread out.
• the bed may also contain peat.
• the peat can be added directly together with the compost or be put in separate layers beneath the layers of compost.
• the contaminated water should first pass a layer of compost and then a layer of peat.
• the task of the peat is to absorb the organic compounds that the compost cannot retain.
• a suitable distribution between peat and compost is about 75% compost and 25% peat.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
• Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Fertilizers (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=20279195

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Cited By (3)

Citations (6)

• 2000
  • 2000-04-06 SE SE0001259A patent/SE0001259L/sv not_active Application Discontinuation
• 2001
  • 2001-03-08 WO PCT/SE2001/000487 patent/WO2001077028A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2001-03-08 AU AU39618/01A patent/AU3961801A/en not_active Abandoned

Patent Citations (6)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events