WO2001067038A1 - Dispositif a fibre optique pour la mesure de contraintes - Google Patents
Dispositif a fibre optique pour la mesure de contraintes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001067038A1 WO2001067038A1 PCT/CH2000/000127 CH0000127W WO0167038A1 WO 2001067038 A1 WO2001067038 A1 WO 2001067038A1 CH 0000127 W CH0000127 W CH 0000127W WO 0167038 A1 WO0167038 A1 WO 0167038A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- transducer
- optical fiber
- measured
- matrix
- filaments
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 2
- JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-diol;bis(4-fluorophenyl)methanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005305 interferometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 206010001488 Aggression Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000016571 aggressive behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/08—Testing mechanical properties
- G01M11/083—Testing mechanical properties by using an optical fiber in contact with the device under test [DUT]
- G01M11/086—Details about the embedment of the optical fiber within the DUT
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge using photoelastic elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
- G01L1/246—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre using integrated gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fiber optic device for stress measurement, comprising at least one transducer formed by a matrix traversed by at least one segment of optical fiber shaped so that the light transmission is modified according to a constraint to be measured, transmitted by said matrix to said optical fiber, an input end of this optical fiber being intended to be connected to a photoemitter and an output end to a photoreceptor.
- strain gauges associated with one or more optical fibers shaped to produce a modification of the light transmitted through the fiber depending on the stress to which this fiber is subjected.
- EP 0 640 824 has proposed a system for detecting cracks in a structure, comprising a plurality of optical fibers fixed in parallel on a support, itself fixed to the structure to be examined.
- a Bragg grating can be provided along the fiber to measure stresses.
- the optical fibers are not an integral part of the measurement support, but are fixed to the surface of this support.
- this support does not constitute a strain gauge, the deformation properties of which are known, but a simple interface between the fiber and the structure to be measured. In this case it is a question of detecting the presence of cracks and not of measuring the magnitude of a stress.
- an optical fiber including a Bragg grating is wound around two studs extending perpendicular to a support plate which can be welded to a metal structure whose we want to measure constraints.
- the constraints of the structure are communicated to the support of the pads, varying their spacing and, consequently, the tension exerted on the fiber, so that the Bragg grating makes it possible to vary the wavelength of the light transmitted along the fiber. optical depending on the magnitude of the constraint.
- the measurement made using this probe is a function of the winding voltage of the optical fiber, which is likely to vary as a function of time and temperature in particular, so that such a probe must be calibrated periodically. Since several tens or even hundreds of probes may be necessary to control a structure such as a bridge, a dam, an airplane wing, steam generators from thermal power stations and in general all civil engineering works, a such work of calibration of each probe is practically impossible to envisage.
- US 5,594,919 relates to a method of fixing an optical fiber for measuring stress to a metal structure according to which the fiber is metallized and fixed to a block of metal support by brazing or welding and this support is itself - even fixed by welding to the metal structure to be measured.
- the complexity of this method of attachment makes such a probe expensive to manufacture.
- EP 0 357 253 relates to a fiber optic detector in which the optical fiber is embedded in a matrix chosen to undergo deformation as a function of a parameter to be measured. This deformation is transmitted to the optical fiber modifying the properties of propagation of light through this fiber and making it possible to give the magnitude of the parameter as a function of the stress measured.
- the matrix must therefore be made of a material capable of undergoing a transformation in the presence of the parameter to be measured. It is therefore not a strain gauge here. te, the constraint being a characteristic quantity of the parameter to be measured and not the parameter to be measured itself.
- strain gauges do not relate to strain gauges and in particular not to a strain gauge associating an optical measurement fiber with a composite matrix.
- the stress is characteristic of another parameter to be measured, so that it is not a strain gauge, but of a gauge whose matrix is designed to transform a certain physical quantity to be measured into proportional stress of this physical quantity.
- a fiber optic strain gauge is well described in EP 0 380 764.
- the optical fiber is not embedded in a matrix and the solution in question requires mounting and adjustment operations which increase the cost. 'instrument.
- the optical fiber is not protected and may be subject to influences or even degradations liable to have repercussions on the result of the measurement.
- the object of the present invention is to remedy, at least partially the drawbacks of the above-mentioned solutions.
- the subject of the present invention is a fiber optic transducer for the measurement of stresses as defined by claim 1.
- the strain gauge according to the invention has its own characteristics, which are known and perfectly reproducible from one gauge to another. These characteristics, in particular the modulus of elasticity, can also be adapted according to the structure of which one wants to measure. constraints.
- the characteristics of the gauge being chosen as a function of the composite material used, it can be fixed or integrated into any structure, the measured values being those of the stresses of this structure.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of the first embodiment
- Figure 2 is a perspective view of the second embodiment.
- the transducer according to the first embodiment has the form of an elongated transducer 1 of constant thickness made of a composite material, forming a strain gauge, comprising a central part 2 of constant section intended for the measurement of stresses, the two ends are integral with stress transmission parts 3, 4, shaped to connect this gauge to the structure whose stress is to be measured.
- Each of these stress transmission parts has a bulged part, connected to the central part 2 by radii of curvature Ri, R 2 .
- These stress transmission parts 3, 4 which serve to transmit the stresses of the structure to the central part 2 each have two openings 5a, 5b respectively 6a, 6b occupying relative positions symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the elongated transducer 1 These openings are used to fixing the stress transmission parts 3, 4 to the structure to be checked, which must then be provided with studs capable of fitting into the openings 5a, 5b, ⁇ a, 6b, screws which can make it possible to guarantee the fixing of the transducer on the structure to be measured.
- An optical fiber 7 passes longitudinally through the elongated transducer 1. One of its ends is intended to be connected to a photoemitter 8 while the other is connected to a photoreceptor 9. Depending on the measurement device used, light can be reflected , partially or totally, so that the photoemitter 8 and the photoreceptor 9 can then be, as illustrated in FIG. 1, at the same end of the optical fiber 7, this end of the optical fiber 7 then having the form of a Y, 10 to allow the same end of the optical fiber 7 to be connected to the transmitter 8 and to the receiver 9, in a manner well known to those skilled in the art.
- the segment of the optical fiber 7 passing through the central part 2 of the transducer 1 of the strain gauge has, for example, a Bragg grating, intended to selectively reflect a determined wavelength, the latter varying as a function of the elongation of the optical fiber 7 subjected to the stress to be measured.
- the wavelength of the reflected light compared to that of the incident light makes it possible to determine the value of this constraint.
- Other light measurement principles could also be used, such as interferometry.
- the transducer 1 made of composite material according to the invention is formed by stacking sheets of a resin intended to constitute the matrix, in which are embedded sheets of straight reinforcing filaments, arranged parallel to each other.
- the resin is PEEK and the reinforcing filaments are filaments with a high modulus of elasticity, in particular carbon filaments, aramid fibers, even glass filaments.
- the choice of filaments and their proportion in the matrix depends on the modulus of elasticity desired for the transducer 1.
- sheets of PEEK reinforced with reinforcing filaments are cut to the shape of the transducer 1. Some of these sheets are cut so that the reinforcing filaments are arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the transducer 1, others with the reinforcing filaments extending perpendicular to this longitudinal axis. Alternatively, the sheets could be cut to the shape of the transducer after being stacked.
- an aluminum sheet intended to facilitate demolding can be placed on each face of the stack. First place the lower part of the mold in a vice. A product intended to facilitate release from the mold is sprayed onto the surface of the mold and an aluminum foil is placed on the surface of which a release agent is sprayed.
- a weight is attached to each end of this optical fiber 7 to ensure that it is well rectilinear, and the stacking of the sheets of pre-cut composite material is continued, by successively arranging 3 sheets with 0 ° orientation, 1 sheet with 90 ° orientation, 2 sheets 0 ° orientation, 1 sheet 90 ° orientation and 1 sheet 0 ° orientation. Finally, the second aluminum foil is placed on the surface of which the release agent is sprayed, which can also be sprayed on the surface of the upper part of the mold.
- the transducer 1 has a thickness of the order of 2.2 mm, a length of 120 mm, the length of the middle part 2 being 20 mm and its width 5 mm, the radii Ri and R 2 have 10 mm each and the width of the transmission parts of the stresses 3, 4 is 24 mm.
- the composite used can also be a composite reinforced with a mixture of filaments with a high modulus of elasticity of the aforementioned type and metal filaments, so as to allow the welding of the transducer on the structure to be checked.
- the components entering into the composition of the composite material and their proportions so as to obtain a composite material whose thermal coefficient is close to zero, so as to compensate for the effects of temperature variations which modify the behavior from the Bragg network.
- This therefore makes it possible to obtain a self-compensating transducer.
- the transducer according to the first embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 is more particularly intended to be fixed to the surface of a structure to be checked because of its constant thickness and the openings 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b intended to allow fix the transducer to the structure to be checked.
- the second embodiment illustrated in Figure 2 is however studied more specifically to be able to be embedded in a structure, in particular in a concrete structure.
- the transducer 11 is of constant width
- the central part 12 for stress measurement is constituted by a blade
- the stress transmission parts 13, 14 are, in this case, thicker than the central part 12, the extra thickness being distributed substantially symmetrically on either side of the blade of the central part.
- the internal transverse face 13a, respectively 14a of each part for transmitting the stresses 13, 14 forms an angle ⁇ of between 6 ° and 30 °, preferably between 6 ° and 15 °.
- the optical fiber 7 passes substantially along the longitudinal axis of the transducer 11 and a network of Bragg is centered in the middle of the length of the stress measurement part 12.
- the transducer 11 is made of composite material reinforced with filaments of high elasticity modulus.
- the strain gauge has a length of 640 mm, the central part 12 having a length of 320 mm.
- the width of this transducer 11 is 80 mm.
- the thickness of the central part 12 is 2 to 2.5 mm and that of the stress transmission parts 13, 14, between 6 and 7 mm.
- the advantage of this embodiment lies in the fact that it does not require that the structure be provided with fixing means, since it suffices to drown the transducer in the structure to be checked.
- this advantage is limited practically to concrete structures under construction, while the first embodiment can be attached to any structure, as well as to existing concrete structures.
- an optical fiber 7 passes through a transducer.
- the same optical fiber can comprise several Bragg gratings of different wavelengths distributed at determined distances along this optical fiber, each of these gratings being associated with a transducer 1 or 11, the signals reflected by each Bragg grating being multiplexed by the photoreceptor 9. Thanks to this arrangement, it is possible to typically measure the signals from 10 to 20 transducers with the same measuring device and to differentiate the results by multiplexing, thus making it possible to know the value of the stress recorded by each transducer. The number of transducers and the distance between them can be adapted according to the structure to be checked.
- the matrix of the transducer 1 or 11 is formed from sheets of continuous parallel reinforcing filaments coated with the resin of the matrix, the orientations of these reinforcing filaments being crossed. with 90 ° angles.
- interferometry can also be used to perform the stress measurement. In this case, the interference of the light signals passing through two optical fibers is measured, one subjected to the stress to be measured, the other a reference optical fiber.
- the same transducer could also be crossed by two optical fibers arranged on either side of the neutral fiber of the transducer, to measure a compression using one of them and a traction with the other.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2001565964A JP2004500570A (ja) | 2000-03-06 | 2000-03-06 | 応力を測定する光ファイバ・デバイス |
AU2000227912A AU2000227912A1 (en) | 2000-03-06 | 2000-03-06 | Optical fibre device for measuring stresses |
CA002402675A CA2402675A1 (fr) | 2000-03-06 | 2000-03-06 | Dispositif a fibre optique pour la mesure de contraintes |
US10/229,482 US20030066356A1 (en) | 2000-03-06 | 2002-08-28 | Fiber-optic device for measuring stresses |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP98842198 | 1998-09-04 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/229,482 Continuation US20030066356A1 (en) | 2000-03-06 | 2002-08-28 | Fiber-optic device for measuring stresses |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001067038A1 true WO2001067038A1 (fr) | 2001-09-13 |
Family
ID=8236959
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CH2000/000127 WO2001067038A1 (fr) | 1998-09-04 | 2000-03-06 | Dispositif a fibre optique pour la mesure de contraintes |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
WO (1) | WO2001067038A1 (fr) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4636638A (en) * | 1984-10-12 | 1987-01-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Remote optical crack sensing system including fiberoptics |
US5142141A (en) * | 1990-09-19 | 1992-08-25 | The Boeing Company | Crack growth measurement network with primary and shunt optical fibers |
JPH05138787A (ja) * | 1991-11-25 | 1993-06-08 | Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd | 積層複合材料 |
US5639968A (en) * | 1995-10-23 | 1997-06-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Optical fiber strain-to-failure sensor |
US5649035A (en) * | 1995-11-03 | 1997-07-15 | Simula Inc. | Fiber optic strain gauge patch |
EP0984243A1 (fr) * | 1998-09-04 | 2000-03-08 | M3D Société Anonyme | Dispositif à fibre optique pour la mesure de contraintes |
-
2000
- 2000-03-06 WO PCT/CH2000/000127 patent/WO2001067038A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4636638A (en) * | 1984-10-12 | 1987-01-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Remote optical crack sensing system including fiberoptics |
US5142141A (en) * | 1990-09-19 | 1992-08-25 | The Boeing Company | Crack growth measurement network with primary and shunt optical fibers |
JPH05138787A (ja) * | 1991-11-25 | 1993-06-08 | Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd | 積層複合材料 |
US5639968A (en) * | 1995-10-23 | 1997-06-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Optical fiber strain-to-failure sensor |
US5649035A (en) * | 1995-11-03 | 1997-07-15 | Simula Inc. | Fiber optic strain gauge patch |
EP0984243A1 (fr) * | 1998-09-04 | 2000-03-08 | M3D Société Anonyme | Dispositif à fibre optique pour la mesure de contraintes |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 17, no. 524 (M - 1483) 21 September 1993 (1993-09-21) * |
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