WO2001060534A1 - Device and method for the precision cleaning of objects - Google Patents

Device and method for the precision cleaning of objects Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001060534A1
WO2001060534A1 PCT/IB2001/000148 IB0100148W WO0160534A1 WO 2001060534 A1 WO2001060534 A1 WO 2001060534A1 IB 0100148 W IB0100148 W IB 0100148W WO 0160534 A1 WO0160534 A1 WO 0160534A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chamber
solvent
pieces
container
rotation
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PCT/IB2001/000148
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Philipp Widmer
Carlo Devittori
Original Assignee
Eco2 Sa
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Publication date
Application filed by Eco2 Sa filed Critical Eco2 Sa
Priority to AU2001228744A priority Critical patent/AU2001228744A1/en
Priority to EP01953012A priority patent/EP1255621B1/en
Priority to DE50107279T priority patent/DE50107279D1/en
Publication of WO2001060534A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001060534A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
    • B08B7/0021—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by liquid gases or supercritical fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • B08B3/06—Cleaning involving contact with liquid using perforated drums in which the article or material is placed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
    • B08B3/12—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration by sonic or ultrasonic vibrations

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the precision cleaning of high-tech products of precision, micro and nano mechanics, electronics, the ceramic industry, cermets, polymers, textile fibers, etc.
  • the precision cleaning process nowadays use organic solvents, especially chlorinated organic solvents such as trichlorethylene and perchlorethylene, chlorofluorocarbides or detergents or surfactants in the water phase.
  • chlorinated organic solvents and freons has recently been criticized, if not prohibited, because they have been classified as harmful to health and the stratospheric ozone layer is destructive.
  • the water phases pose serious problems in terms of final quality because they are difficult to completely eliminate, especially from capillary lines and holes, due to the low vapor pressure of the water and its relatively high viscosity in the liquid state. They also create dirty waters that require complex and costly cleaning processes.
  • all of these methods hardly allow the recovery of contaminating substances that could be reused, in particular like the cutting oils used in mechanical processing.
  • This solvent as well as nitrogen protoxide, ethane, etc., can have a good dissolving action in the liquid phase, but they increase their dissolving action in the vapor phase, especially in areas which are difficult to access, owing to the greater diffusibility and lower viscosity that they reach in the gas state.
  • the supercritical state temperature higher than the critical one and pressure also higher than the critical one
  • the combination of both properties (low viscosity and high density) makes them ideal solvents for precision cleaning processes, which must guarantee a high degree of cleaning in every point of the surface and in the hard-to-reach areas.
  • solvents have proven to be particularly effective for non-polar or slightly polar contaminants; polar organic substances such as additives to cutting oils, salts, abrasives and metals are not noticeably soluble in solvents that are suitable for cleaning in the supercritical phase. Such residues remaining in the solid phase on the surfaces to be cleaned by adhesion or adsorption must be removed from them by physical means: for this purpose, the effectiveness of the cavitation is recognized, which occurs over the surfaces immersed in a liquid through which ultrasound waves propagate.
  • the propagation of the ultrasonic waves in the autoclave is effected by generators located inside the chamber.
  • the mechanical removal of the solid particles and liquids is accomplished by valves located at the entrance of the solvent to create turbulence, or by creating bubbles such that the solvent is kept at a temperature near the boiling point, or by another movement of the liquid solvent caused by propellers or solid elements.
  • fixed or movable brushes are still used for the load.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the invention.
  • the invention relates to an apparatus and a method for the precision cleaning of surfaces with complex shapes by using inert liquid or supercritical fluids as solvents, namely supported by irradiation of the surfaces to be cleaned with ultrasonic waves and by the resulting cavitation in a programmed movement of the pieces to be cleaned.
  • the dissolving action of the liquid and / or supercritical fluid removes the soluble or solid contaminating substances from the surfaces.
  • the cavitation effect separates the solid, insoluble particles, such as adhesive metallic particles, dust resulting from the abrasives, the organic and inorganic additives, etc., from the surface and then removes them in suspension by the fluid flow.
  • This drum may or may not be provided with central axes. In it the pieces are free to move with respect to the wall of the drum.
  • the bases and the outer surface of the drum are designed in the form of gratings that allow the passage of the ultrasonic waves and at the same time the solid heavy particles that separate from the surface of the pieces.
  • the return of the pieces is also facilitated by the fact that they are located inside a drum which is inserted into the chamber at the beginning and removed at the end.
  • the removal of the solid parts in suspension is also facilitated by the movement which frees them.
  • the possibility of modulating the speed of rotation of the drum allows the mechanical friction between the pieces to be metered in order to avoid damage.
  • rotation speeds of 1 to 100 revolutions per minute can be provided for 10 to 20 minutes with 1 or 2 changes of rotation.
  • the power provided is generally of the order of 1000 W and the frequency between 10 and 2000 kHz depending on the dimensions of the solid particles to be rubbed off the surface of the pieces.
  • the device consists of an autoclave 1, in which the drum 2 is inserted, in which the pieces 3 are located, which are to be subjected to the precision cleaning process.
  • the drum is driven by the motor 4 via an axis 5.
  • Ultrasonic transducers 6 are arranged on the outer cylindrical surface 11 of the autoclave 1, one over the entire inside of the wall
  • the fluid can be transported in the autoclave 1 after preheating or at room temperature via the inlet 7 and can also be cooled by evaporation via the outlet 8 and 9. Excessive cooling of the chamber during the depression phase can be avoided by introducing an inert gas at a suitable pressure through the inlet 10.
  • Temperatures, alternation and duration of the cleaning cycles in the liquid and supercritical phase, the movements of the drum 2 with the pieces to be cleaned 3 (sense of rotation, change of direction, times and speed), pressure and amount of the solvent are by a computer (not in 1) and regulates a specific program.
  • Both the detached substances in the liquid or mainly supercritical phase, as well as the solid particles in suspension are conveyed out of the chamber by a fluid flow.
  • Another embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the container 2 is rotatable in both directions of rotation, and that the possibility consists of changing the direction of rotation and / or the speed of rotation. This is preferably done in a programmed form.
  • the device according to the invention can also be provided with blades arranged on the inner wall of the container 2 or on an axis in order to enable a guided movement of the pieces 3.
  • the ultrasonic transducers 6 can be arranged on the outer wall 11 of the chamber 1, preferably on the one with the larger extension.
  • the inlet 7 for the solvent can be at the lowest point inside the chamber 1 and the outlet 9 at the highest point. Furthermore, an outlet 8 for the solvent can be located in the lowest point of the chamber 1, this preferably being in a position opposite the inlet 7. At the highest point of the chamber 1, preferably in an area opposite the outlet 9, there can be another inlet 10 which is provided for a gas, preferably an inert gas such as nitrogen, argon or helium.
  • a gas preferably an inert gas such as nitrogen, argon or helium.
  • the method for precision cleaning with the aid of the described device is characterized in that the pieces 3 to be cleaned are exposed to a preferably continuous flow of a fluidic solvent and / or an ultrasound energy from a stationary source 6, the pieces 3 being characterized by Movement of the container 2 can be moved.
  • a further embodiment of the method is characterized in that a solvent at a critical temperature between -70 ° and 700 ° and a critical pressure between 1 and 700 bar, preferably carbon dioxide, propane, ethane, water or nitrogen protoxide, optionally supported by a co-solvent, preferably water or an organic solvent such as preferably an alcohol, an ester, an ether or a surfactant is used, which can be pure or dissolved in said co-solvent.
  • a solvent at a critical temperature between -70 ° and 700 ° and a critical pressure between 1 and 700 bar preferably carbon dioxide, propane, ethane, water or nitrogen protoxide, optionally supported by a co-solvent, preferably water or an organic solvent such as preferably an alcohol, an ester, an ether or a surfactant is used, which can be pure or dissolved in said co-solvent.
  • a solvent at a critical temperature between -70 ° and 700 ° and a critical pressure between 1 and 700 bar preferably carbon dioxide
  • the use of ultrasound waves programmed with regard to duration, intensity and / or frequency causes a cavitation effect on the surfaces of the pieces 3 to be cleaned.

Landscapes

  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and a method for the precision cleaning of the surfaces of objects (3) consisting of metal, ceramic or polymer. Said method consists of exposing the objects, which are displaced by a programmed movement, to the solvent effect of a stream of fluid which alternates between a liquid and a supercritical condition. Cavitation is produced by the action of ultrasonic waves that are generated by transducers located (6) in the external region of the cleaning chamber (1).

Description

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Präzisionsreinigung von StückenDevice and method for precision cleaning of pieces
Technisches GebietTechnical field
[0001] Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf die Präzisionsreinigung von hochtechnologischen Produkten der Präzisions-, Mikro- und Nanomechanik, der Elektronik, der keramischen Industrie, der Cermets, Polymeren, Textilfasern usw.The present invention relates to the precision cleaning of high-tech products of precision, micro and nano mechanics, electronics, the ceramic industry, cermets, polymers, textile fibers, etc.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
[0002] Die Präzisionsreinigungsverfahren verwenden heutzutage organische Lösungsmittel, insbesondere chlorierte organische Lösungsmittel wie Trichlorethylen und Perchlorethylen, Chlorfluorcarbide oder auch Detergentien bzw. Tenside in Wasserphase. [0003] Die Verwendung von chlorierten organischen Lösungsmitteln und Freonen wurde in letzter Zeit streng beanstandet, wenn nicht sogar verboten, da sie als gesundheitsschädlich und die stratosphärische Ozonschicht zerstörend eingestuft wurden. Die Wasserphasen stellen ernsthafte Probleme bezüglich der Endqualität dar, da sie sich schwer vollständig eliminieren lassen, insbesondere aus kapillaren Leitungen und Löchern, infolge des geringen Dampfdrucks des Wassers und seiner relativ hohen Viskosität im flüssigen Zustand. Zudem erzeugen sie schmutzige Gewässer, die komplexe und kostspielige Reinigungsverfahren erforderlich machen. Schliesslich erlauben all diese Verfahren schwerlich eine Rückgewinnung von verunreinigenden Substanzen, die wieder benutzt werden könnten, insbesondere wie die bei der mechanischen Bearbeitung verwendeten Schneidöle.The precision cleaning process nowadays use organic solvents, especially chlorinated organic solvents such as trichlorethylene and perchlorethylene, chlorofluorocarbides or detergents or surfactants in the water phase. The use of chlorinated organic solvents and freons has recently been criticized, if not prohibited, because they have been classified as harmful to health and the stratospheric ozone layer is destructive. The water phases pose serious problems in terms of final quality because they are difficult to completely eliminate, especially from capillary lines and holes, due to the low vapor pressure of the water and its relatively high viscosity in the liquid state. They also create dirty waters that require complex and costly cleaning processes. Finally, all of these methods hardly allow the recovery of contaminating substances that could be reused, in particular like the cutting oils used in mechanical processing.
[0004] Aus diesen Gründen wurden seit langem mit inerten, ungiftigen Fluiden, ins- besondere mit Kohlendioxid sowohl in flüssigem als auch in superkritischem Zustand, arbeitende Präzisionsreinigungsverfahren vorgeschlagen.For these reasons, precision cleaning processes using inert, non-toxic fluids, in particular carbon dioxide, both in the liquid and in the supercritical state, have long been proposed.
[0005] Dieses Lösungsmittel, wie auch Stickstoff-Protoxid, Ethan usw. können eine gute Lösungswirkung in flüssiger Phase haben, aber sie erhöhen ihre Lösungswir- kung in Dampfphase, vor allem bei schwer erreichbaren Flächen, dank der grösse- ren Diffusionsfähigkeit und kleineren Viskosität, die sie im Gaszustand erreichen. Im superkritischen Zustand (Temperatur höherer als die kritische und Druck ebenfalls höher als der kritische) erreichen sie eine hohe Dichte mit nahe den für Flüssigkeiten wie das Wasser typischen Werten. Die Verbindung beider Eigenschaften (nied- rige Viskosität und hohe Dichte) macht aus ihnen ideale Lösungsmittel für Präzisionsreinigungsverfahren, die einen hohen Reinigungsgrad in jedem Punkt der Oberfläche und in den schwer erreichbaren Partien garantieren müssen.[0005] This solvent, as well as nitrogen protoxide, ethane, etc., can have a good dissolving action in the liquid phase, but they increase their dissolving action in the vapor phase, especially in areas which are difficult to access, owing to the greater diffusibility and lower viscosity that they reach in the gas state. In the supercritical state (temperature higher than the critical one and pressure also higher than the critical one) they reach a high density close to the values typical for liquids such as water. The combination of both properties (low viscosity and high density) makes them ideal solvents for precision cleaning processes, which must guarantee a high degree of cleaning in every point of the surface and in the hard-to-reach areas.
[0006] Diese Lösungsmittel erweisen sich als besonders wirksam für unpolare oder wenig polare verunreinigende Substanzen; polare organische Substanzen wie Zusätze zu Schneidölen, Salzen, Schleifmitteln und Metallen sind nicht merklich lösbar in den Lösungsmitteln, die zur Reinigung in der superkritischen Phase geeignet sind. Solche in der festen Phase an den zu reinigenden Flächen durch Adhäsion oder Adsorption zurückgebliebenen Resten müssen mit physischen Mitteln aus denselben entfernt werden: Zu diesem Zweck wird die Wirksamkeit der Kavitation er- kannt, die über die Flächen zustande kommt, die in einer Flüssigkeit eingetaucht sind, durch die sich Ultraschallwellen fortpflanzen.These solvents have proven to be particularly effective for non-polar or slightly polar contaminants; polar organic substances such as additives to cutting oils, salts, abrasives and metals are not noticeably soluble in solvents that are suitable for cleaning in the supercritical phase. Such residues remaining in the solid phase on the surfaces to be cleaned by adhesion or adsorption must be removed from them by physical means: for this purpose, the effectiveness of the cavitation is recognized, which occurs over the surfaces immersed in a liquid through which ultrasound waves propagate.
[0007] In den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika wurden Pionierarbeiten über Präzisionsreinigungsverfahren durch Verwendung von flüssigem und superkritischem Kohlendioxid vom National Laboratory, Los Alamos, von Autociaves Engineering und von Hughes Aircraft angebahnt und durchgeführt, in Frankreich von CEA, Se- parex. Seit 1986 sind zahlreiche Patentanmeldungen eingereicht worden.In the United States, pioneering work on precision cleaning processes using liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide has been initiated and carried out by the National Laboratory, Los Alamos, Autociaves Engineering and Hughes Aircraft, in France by CEA, Separex. Numerous patent applications have been filed since 1986.
[0008] Nach diesen Patenten wird die Fortpflanzung der Ultraschallwellen im Auto- klav durch sich im Innern der Kammer selbst befindende Generatoren bewirkt. Nach anderen Patenten erfolgt die mechanische Entfernung der festen Teilchen und der Flüssigkeiten durch am Eingang des Lösungsmittels angeordnete Ventile, um Turbulenzen zu erzeugen, oder durch Erzeugung von Blasen, derart, dass das Lösungsmittel bei einer dem Siedepunkt nahen Temperatur gehalten wird, oder noch durch eine mittels Propellern oder festen Elementen bewirkte Bewegung des flüssigen Lösungsmittels. In anderen Fällen werden noch bezüglich der Ladung feste oder bewegliche Bürsten verwendet. [0008] According to these patents, the propagation of the ultrasonic waves in the autoclave is effected by generators located inside the chamber. According to other patents, the mechanical removal of the solid particles and liquids is accomplished by valves located at the entrance of the solvent to create turbulence, or by creating bubbles such that the solvent is kept at a temperature near the boiling point, or by another movement of the liquid solvent caused by propellers or solid elements. In other cases, fixed or movable brushes are still used for the load.
Zeichnungdrawing
[0009] Weitere Eigenschaften und Vorteile der Erfindung werden im folgenden anhand der Beschreibung und mit Bezug auf die Zeichnung ausführlich beschrieben. Es zeigt:Further properties and advantages of the invention are described below with reference to the description and with reference to the drawing. It shows:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung. Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the invention.
Detaillierte Beschreibung der ErfindungDetailed description of the invention
[0010] Gegenstand der Erfindung ist eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Präzisionsreinigung von Flächen mit komplexen Formen durch Verwendung von inerten flüssigen oder superkritischen Fluiden als Lösungsmitteln, und zwar unterstützt durch Bestrahlung der zu reinigenden Flächen mit Ultraschallwellen und durch die sich daraus ergebende Kavitation bei einer programmierten Bewegung der zu reinigenden Stücke.The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for the precision cleaning of surfaces with complex shapes by using inert liquid or supercritical fluids as solvents, namely supported by irradiation of the surfaces to be cleaned with ultrasonic waves and by the resulting cavitation in a programmed movement of the pieces to be cleaned.
[0011] Bei geeigneten Bedingungen bezüglich Temperatur, Druck und Menge des Fluids werden durch die lösende Wirkung des flüssigen und/oder superkritischen Fluids die in ihm lösbaren flüssigen oder festen verunreinigenden Substanzen aus den Oberflächen entfernt. Durch den Kavitationseffekt werden hingegen die festen unlösbaren Teilchen, wie klebende metallische Teilchen, sich aus den Schleifmitteln, den organischen und anorganischen Zusätzen usw. ergebender Staub, von der Oberfläche abgetrennt und danach in Suspension durch die Fluidstromung entfernt. Für die industriellen Anwendungen der Vorrichtung nach der vorliegenden Erfindung, sowohl im kontinuierlichen als auch im diskontinuierlichen oder halbkontinuierlichen Betrieb ist davon auszugehen, dass in der Reinigungskammer eine varia- ble Anzahl Stücke vorhanden ist, deren Oberflächen genau und regelmässig gereinigt werden sollen: Dies bedeutet, dass solche Teile derart bewegt werden, dass sie früher oder später direkt der Aktion der Ultraschallwellen ausgesetzt sind. Dies wird in einer vorzugsweise zylindrischen Kammer realisiert, die mit an der äusseren Fläche derselben Kammer angeordneten Ultraschallgeneratoren versehen ist, die sich durch die gesamte Längsfläche im Innern der Kammer fortpflanzende Ultraschallwellen erzeugen, so dass ein Kavitationseffekt im die Kammer durchfliessenden oder sich dort in flüssiger oder superkritischer Phase befindenden Fluid bewirkt wird. In der Kammer wird ein Behälter in Form einer Trommel mit den Stücken gestellt, der mit Hilfe eines äusseren Elektromotors drehbar ist. Diese Trommel kann mit mit- tigen Achsen versehen sein oder nicht. Darin sind die Stücke frei, sich bezüglich der Wand der Trommel zu bewegen. Die Basen und die Mantelfläche der Trommel sind in Form von Gittern ausgebildet, die den Durchgang der Ultraschallwellen und zugleich ein Ausscheiden der festen schweren Teilchen erlauben, die sich von der Fläche der Stücke ablösen.Under suitable conditions with regard to temperature, pressure and amount of the fluid, the dissolving action of the liquid and / or supercritical fluid removes the soluble or solid contaminating substances from the surfaces. The cavitation effect, on the other hand, separates the solid, insoluble particles, such as adhesive metallic particles, dust resulting from the abrasives, the organic and inorganic additives, etc., from the surface and then removes them in suspension by the fluid flow. For the industrial applications of the device according to the present invention, both in continuous as well as discontinuous or semi-continuous operation, it can be assumed that a variable number of pieces are present in the cleaning chamber, the surfaces of which are to be cleaned precisely and regularly: that such parts are moved in such a way that sooner or later they are directly exposed to the action of the ultrasonic waves. This is realized in a preferably cylindrical chamber, which is provided with ultrasound generators arranged on the outer surface of the same chamber, which generate ultrasound waves propagating through the entire longitudinal surface in the interior of the chamber, so that a cavitation effect flows through the chamber or there in liquid or supercritical phase fluid is effected. A container in the form of a drum with the pieces is placed in the chamber, which can be rotated with the help of an external electric motor. This drum may or may not be provided with central axes. In it the pieces are free to move with respect to the wall of the drum. The bases and the outer surface of the drum are designed in the form of gratings that allow the passage of the ultrasonic waves and at the same time the solid heavy particles that separate from the surface of the pieces.
[0012] Eine in Sinn und Geschwindigkeit geeignete, hauptsächlich während der Bestrahlung mit Ultraschall bewirkte Drehung der Trommel ermöglicht eine Aussetzung der Stücke der Bestrahlung der Ultraschallwellen und eine sich über die Oberfläche der Gesamtheit aller Stücke ausbreitende Kavitation. Dies erweist sich als besonders vorteilhaft bei einer umfangreichen Belastung mit Stücken, wie Schrau- ben, Kugeln, Körpern mit unregelmässiger Geometrie, da sie sich während der Bewegung gegenseitig reiben. Die Rücknahme der Stücke wird zudem dadurch erleichtert, dass sie sich im Innern einer Trommel befinden, die zu Beginn in die Kammer eingeführt und am Ende herausgenommen wird. Auch die Entfernung der festen Teile in Suspension wird durch die eine Befreiung derselben bewirkende Be- wegung erleichtert. Die Möglichkeit, die Rotationsgeschwindigkeit der Trommel zu modulieren, erlaubt eine Dosierung der mechanischen Reibung zwischen den Stük- ken, um Schäden zu vermeiden. Bei normalen Betriebsbedingungen mit Ladungen von 40 bis 80 Kg in einer 10-Liter-Kammer können Rotationsgeschwindigkeiten von 1 bis 100 Umdrehungen pro Minute während 10 bis 20 Minuten mit 1 bis 2 Drehsin- nänderungen vorgesehen werden. Die vorgesehene Leistung liegt im allgemeinen in der Grössenordnung von 1000 W und die Frequenz zwischen 10 und 2000 kHz in Abhängigkeit von den Abmessungen der von der Oberfläche der Stücke abzureibenden festen Teilchen.A rotation which is suitable in terms of speed and sensibility, mainly effected during the irradiation with ultrasound, enables the pieces to be exposed to the irradiation of the ultrasound waves and to cavitation spreading over the surface of the entirety of all the pieces. This proves to be particularly advantageous in the case of extensive loading with pieces, such as screws, balls, bodies with an irregular geometry, since they rub against one another during the movement. The return of the pieces is also facilitated by the fact that they are located inside a drum which is inserted into the chamber at the beginning and removed at the end. The removal of the solid parts in suspension is also facilitated by the movement which frees them. The possibility of modulating the speed of rotation of the drum allows the mechanical friction between the pieces to be metered in order to avoid damage. Under normal operating conditions with loads of 40 to 80 kg in a 10 liter chamber, rotation speeds of 1 to 100 revolutions per minute can be provided for 10 to 20 minutes with 1 or 2 changes of rotation. The power provided is generally of the order of 1000 W and the frequency between 10 and 2000 kHz depending on the dimensions of the solid particles to be rubbed off the surface of the pieces.
[0013] Die technische Beschreibung der Erfindung ergibt sich an Hand der Fig. 1. Die Einrichtung besteht aus einem Autoklav 1 , in welchen die Trommel 2 eingeführt wird, in der sich die Stücke 3 befinden, die dem Präzisionsreinigungsprozess unterworfen werden sollen. Die Trommel wird durch den Motor 4 über eine Achse 5 angetrieben. An der äusseren zylindrischen Fläche 11 des Autoklavs 1 sind Ultra- schallwandler 6 angeordnet, die über die gesamte Innenseite der Wand eineThe technical description of the invention follows from FIG. 1. The device consists of an autoclave 1, in which the drum 2 is inserted, in which the pieces 3 are located, which are to be subjected to the precision cleaning process. The drum is driven by the motor 4 via an axis 5. Ultrasonic transducers 6 are arranged on the outer cylindrical surface 11 of the autoclave 1, one over the entire inside of the wall
Grossteil der Stücke 3 radial bestrahlen. Im Innern 12 des Autoklavs 1 erfolgt daher der Präzisionsreinigungsprozess durch die Wirkung des Lösungsmittels im flüssigen und/oder superkritischen Zustand, oder abwechslungsweise im flüssigen und superkritischen Zustand.Radially irradiate most of the pieces 3. Inside 12 of the autoclave 1 therefore takes place the precision cleaning process through the action of the solvent in the liquid and / or supercritical state, or alternately in the liquid and supercritical state.
[0014] Das Fluid kann im Autoklav 1 nach Vorwärmung oder bei Raumtemperatur über den Eingang 7 befördert und zudem durch Verdampfung über die Ausgänge 8 und 9 gekühlt werden. Eine übermässige Abkühlung der Kammer während der Depressionsphase kann durch Einführung eines inerten Gases mit geeignetem Druck durch den Eingang 10 vermieden werden.The fluid can be transported in the autoclave 1 after preheating or at room temperature via the inlet 7 and can also be cooled by evaporation via the outlet 8 and 9. Excessive cooling of the chamber during the depression phase can be avoided by introducing an inert gas at a suitable pressure through the inlet 10.
[0015] Temperaturen, Abwechslung und Dauer der Reinigungszyklen in der flüssigen und superkritischen Phase, die Bewegungen der Trommel 2 mit den zu reinigenden Stücken 3 (Drehsinn, Drehsinnwechsel, Zeiten und Geschwindigkeit), Druck und Menge des Lösungsmittel werden durch einen Computer (nicht in Fig. 1 darge- stellt) und ein spezifisches Programm geregelt.Temperatures, alternation and duration of the cleaning cycles in the liquid and supercritical phase, the movements of the drum 2 with the pieces to be cleaned 3 (sense of rotation, change of direction, times and speed), pressure and amount of the solvent are by a computer (not in 1) and regulates a specific program.
[0016] Sowohl die losgelösten Substanzen in der flüssigen oder hauptsächlich superkritischen Phase, als auch die festen Teilchen in Suspension werden von der Kammer durch eine Fluidstromung heraus befördert.Both the detached substances in the liquid or mainly supercritical phase, as well as the solid particles in suspension are conveyed out of the chamber by a fluid flow.
[0017] Die Rückgewinnung der Flüssigkeiten und der von der Oberfläche der Stük- ke 3 abgeriebenen festen Teile, wie auch ein Rezyklieren des Lösungsmittels erfolgen durch Druckverminderung, Filtrierung und Adsorption und Umpumpen gemäss bekannter Technologie.[0017] The liquids and the solid parts rubbed off the surface of the piece 3, as well as a recycling of the solvent, are carried out by reducing the pressure, filtering and adsorbing and pumping over according to known technology.
[0018] Für den Fall, dass sich die Lösungsfähigkeit des inerten Fluids als ungenügend erweisen sollte, kann die Möglichkeit der Verwendung eines Mitlösungsmittels vorgesehen werden.In the event that the solubility of the inert fluid should prove to be insufficient, the possibility of using a co-solvent can be provided.
[0019] Eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass der Behälter 2 in beiden Drehrichtungen drehbar ist, und dass die Möglichkeit besteht, den Drehsinn und/oder die Drehgeschwindigkeit zu ändern. Dies geschieht vorzugsweise in programmierter Form.Another embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the container 2 is rotatable in both directions of rotation, and that the possibility consists of changing the direction of rotation and / or the speed of rotation. This is preferably done in a programmed form.
[0020] Die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung kann auch mit an der inneren Wand des Behälters 2 oder an einer Achse angeordneten Schaufeln versehen sein, um eine geführte Bewegung der Stücke 3 zu ermöglichen. Die Ultraschallwandler 6 können an der äusseren Wand 11 der Kammer 1 angeordnet sein, vorzugsweise an jener mit der grösseren Ausdehnung.The device according to the invention can also be provided with blades arranged on the inner wall of the container 2 or on an axis in order to enable a guided movement of the pieces 3. The ultrasonic transducers 6 can be arranged on the outer wall 11 of the chamber 1, preferably on the one with the larger extension.
[0021] Bei einer Vorrichtung gemäss der Erfindung dadurch kann sich der Eingang 7 für das Lösungsmittel im tiefsten Punkt im Innern der Kammer 1 befinden und der Ausgang 9 im höchsten Punkt. Des Weiteren kann sich im tiefsten Punkt der Kammer 1 ein Ausgang 8 für das Lösungsmittel befinden, wobei dieser sich vorzugsweise in einer dem Eingang 7 gegenüberliegenden Lage befindet. Im höchsten Punkt der Kammer 1 , vorzugsweise in einem dem Ausgang 9 gegenüberliegenden Bereich, kann ein weiterer Eingang 10 vorhanden sein, der für ein Gas, vorzugsweise ein inertes Gas, wie Stickstoff, Argon oder Helium vorgesehen ist.In a device according to the invention, the inlet 7 for the solvent can be at the lowest point inside the chamber 1 and the outlet 9 at the highest point. Furthermore, an outlet 8 for the solvent can be located in the lowest point of the chamber 1, this preferably being in a position opposite the inlet 7. At the highest point of the chamber 1, preferably in an area opposite the outlet 9, there can be another inlet 10 which is provided for a gas, preferably an inert gas such as nitrogen, argon or helium.
[0022] Das Verfahren zur Präzisionsreinigung mit Hilfe der beschriebenen Vorrich- tung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die zu reinigenden Stücke 3 einem vorzugsweise kontinuierlichen Fluss eines fluidischen Lösungsmittels und/oder einer Ultraschallenergie aus einer stationären Quelle 6 ausgesetzt wird, wobei die Stücke 3 durch Bewegung des Behälters 2 bewegt werden.The method for precision cleaning with the aid of the described device is characterized in that the pieces 3 to be cleaned are exposed to a preferably continuous flow of a fluidic solvent and / or an ultrasound energy from a stationary source 6, the pieces 3 being characterized by Movement of the container 2 can be moved.
[0023] Eine weitere Ausführungsform der Verfahrens zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass ein Lösungsmittel bei einer kritischen Temperatur zwischen -70° und 700° und einem kritischen Druck zwischen 1 und 700 bar, vorzugsweise Kohlendioxid, Pro- pan, Ethan, Wasser oder Stickstoffprotoxid, gegebenenfalls durch ein Mitlösungsmittel unterstützt, vorzugsweise Wasser oder ein organisches Lösungsmittel wie vorzugsweise ein Alkohol, ein Ester, ein Ether oder ein Tensid verwendet wird, das rein oder im besagten Mitlösungsmittel gelöst sein kann. [0024] Reinigungszyklen können mit dem Lösungsmittel in flüssiger Phase bzw. in superkritischer Phase alterniert werden.A further embodiment of the method is characterized in that a solvent at a critical temperature between -70 ° and 700 ° and a critical pressure between 1 and 700 bar, preferably carbon dioxide, propane, ethane, water or nitrogen protoxide, optionally supported by a co-solvent, preferably water or an organic solvent such as preferably an alcohol, an ester, an ether or a surfactant is used, which can be pure or dissolved in said co-solvent. [0024] Cleaning cycles can be alternated with the solvent in the liquid phase or in the supercritical phase.
[0025] Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens wird durch die Verwendung von bezüglich Dauer, Intensität und/oder Frequenz programmierten Ultraschallwellen ein Kavitationseffekt auf den Flächen der zu reinigenden Stücke 3 bewirkt. In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the use of ultrasound waves programmed with regard to duration, intensity and / or frequency causes a cavitation effect on the surfaces of the pieces 3 to be cleaned.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Vorrichtung zur Präzisionsreinigung von Stücken (3) aller Arten und Stoffen mittels eines Lösungsmittels und Ultraschallenergie, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Ladungskammer (1 ) mit einem inneren durch einen Motor (4) bewegbaren Behälter (2) vorhanden ist, und dass an der Fläche dieser Kammer (1 ) Ultraschallwandler (6) angeordnet sind.1. Device for the precision cleaning of pieces (3) of all types and substances by means of a solvent and ultrasonic energy, characterized in that a charge chamber (1) with an inner container (2) movable by a motor (4) is present, and that at the Surface of this chamber (1) ultrasonic transducers (6) are arranged.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Behälter (2) vorzugsweise extrahierbar und die Kammer (1 ) vorzugsweise ein zylindrischer Autoklav ist, und/oder dass dieser Behälter (2) mit Wänden in Form von Gittern versehen ist, um ein Transport von sich von den Stücken (3) ablösenden festen Teilchen aus der Kammer (1 ) heraus zu ermöglichen.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the container (2) is preferably extractable and the chamber (1) is preferably a cylindrical autoclave, and / or that this container (2) is provided with walls in the form of grids to a To enable transport of solid particles detaching from the pieces (3) out of the chamber (1).
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Behälter (2) in beiden Drehrichtungen drehbar ist, und dass die Möglichkeit besteht, den Drehsinn und/oder die Drehgeschwindigkeit, vorzugsweise in programmierter Form, zu ändern.3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the container (2) is rotatable in both directions of rotation, and that there is the possibility of changing the direction of rotation and / or the speed of rotation, preferably in a programmed form.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Behälter (2) mit an seiner inneren Wand oder an einer Achse angeordneten Schaufeln versehen ist, um eine geführte Bewegung der Stücke (3) zu ermöglichen, und/oder dass die Ultraschallwandler (6) an der äusseren Wand (11 ) der Kammer (1 ) angeordnet sind, vorzugsweise an jener mit der grösseren Ausdehnung. 4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the container (2) is provided with blades arranged on its inner wall or on an axis in order to enable a guided movement of the pieces (3), and / or that the ultrasonic transducers (6) are arranged on the outer wall (11) of the chamber (1), preferably on the one with the larger extension.
5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im tiefsten Punkt im Innern der Kammer (1 ) ein Eingang (7) für das Lösungsmittel und im höchsten Punkt ein Ausgang (9) vorhanden sind, und/oder dass im tiefsten Punkt der Kammer (1 ) ein Ausgang (8) für das Lösungsmittel vorhanden ist, vorzugsweise in einer dem Eingang (7) gegenüberliegenden Lage.5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in the deepest point in the interior of the chamber (1) an inlet (7) for the solvent and in the highest point an outlet (9) are present, and / or that in lowest point of the chamber (1) there is an outlet (8) for the solvent, preferably in a position opposite the inlet (7).
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im höchsten Punkt der Kammer (1 ), vorzugsweise in einem dem Ausgang (9) gegenüberliegenden Bereich, ein weiterer Eingang (10) vorhanden ist, der für ein Gas, vorzugsweise ein inertes Gas, wie Stickstoff, Argon oder Helium vorgesehen ist.6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in the highest point of the chamber (1), preferably in an area opposite the outlet (9), there is a further inlet (10) which is preferably for a gas an inert gas such as nitrogen, argon or helium is provided.
7. Verfahren zur Präzisionsreinigung mit Hilfe der Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Aussetzung der zu reinigenden Stücke (3) einem vorzugsweise kontinuierlichen Fluss eines fluidischen Lösungsmittels und/oder einer Ultraschallenergie aus einer stationären Quelle bewirkt wird, indem die Stücke durch Bewegung des Behälters (2) bewegt werden.7. A method for precision cleaning with the aid of the device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the pieces (3) to be cleaned are exposed to a preferably continuous flow of a fluidic solvent and / or an ultrasonic energy from a stationary source by the pieces are moved by moving the container (2).
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Lösungsmittel bei einer kritischen Temperatur zwischen -70° und 700° und einem kritischen Druck zwischen 1 und 700 bar, vorzugsweise Kohlendioxid, Propan, Ethan, Wasser oder Stickstoffprotoxid, gegebenenfalls durch ein Mitlösungsmittel unterstützt, vorzugs- weise Wasser oder ein organisches Lösungsmittel wie vorzugsweise ein Alkohol, ein Ester, ein Ether oder ein Tensid verwendet wird, das rein oder im besagten Mitlösungsmittel gelöst sein kann.8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that a solvent at a critical temperature between -70 ° and 700 ° and a critical pressure between 1 and 700 bar, preferably carbon dioxide, propane, ethane, water or nitrogen protoxide, optionally supported by a co-solvent , preferably water or an organic solvent such as preferably an alcohol, an ester, an ether or a surfactant is used, which can be pure or dissolved in said co-solvent.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Reini- gungszyklen mit dem Lösungsmittel in flüssiger Phase bzw. in superkritischer Phase alterniert werden, und/oder dass die Ladung gemäss einer programmierten Bewe- gung in Zyklen bewegt wird, die durch Sinn und/oder Drehgeschwindigkeit des Behälters (2), Dauer der Bewegungsphase in beiden Drehrichtungen, Abwechslung der Phasen und/oder der Anzahl Zyklen, oder durch Änderung des Drucks im Innern der Kammer charakterisiert sind.9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that cleaning cycles are alternated with the solvent in the liquid phase or in the supercritical phase, and / or that the charge according to a programmed movement tion is moved in cycles that are characterized by the sense and / or speed of rotation of the container (2), duration of the movement phase in both directions of rotation, alternation of the phases and / or the number of cycles, or by changing the pressure inside the chamber.
10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch Verwendung von bezüglich Dauer, Intensität und/oder Frequenz programmierten Ultraschallwellen ein Kavitationseffekt auf die Flächen der zu reinigenden Stücke (3) bewirkt wird. 10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that by using ultrasound waves programmed with respect to duration, intensity and / or frequency, a cavitation effect is brought about on the surfaces of the pieces (3) to be cleaned.
PCT/IB2001/000148 2000-02-18 2001-02-06 Device and method for the precision cleaning of objects WO2001060534A1 (en)

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AU2001228744A AU2001228744A1 (en) 2000-02-18 2001-02-06 Device and method for the precision cleaning of objects
EP01953012A EP1255621B1 (en) 2000-02-18 2001-02-06 Autoclave for the precision cleaning of objects and use of the autoclave
DE50107279T DE50107279D1 (en) 2000-02-18 2001-02-06 AUTOCLAVE FOR PRECISION CLEANING OF PIECES AND USE OF THE AUTOCLAVE

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CH3122000 2000-02-18

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