WO2001051769A1 - Element de construction en forme d'arc - Google Patents

Element de construction en forme d'arc Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001051769A1
WO2001051769A1 PCT/SE2001/000038 SE0100038W WO0151769A1 WO 2001051769 A1 WO2001051769 A1 WO 2001051769A1 SE 0100038 W SE0100038 W SE 0100038W WO 0151769 A1 WO0151769 A1 WO 0151769A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
section
elements
mid
arch
arch vault
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2001/000038
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Stefan Larsson
Tommy Andersson
Original Assignee
Nordmarkens Betongprodukter Aktiebolag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SE0000067A external-priority patent/SE521950C2/sv
Priority claimed from SE0002273A external-priority patent/SE525449C2/sv
Application filed by Nordmarkens Betongprodukter Aktiebolag filed Critical Nordmarkens Betongprodukter Aktiebolag
Priority to AU2001227223A priority Critical patent/AU2001227223A1/en
Publication of WO2001051769A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001051769A1/fr
Priority to NO20023164A priority patent/NO20023164L/no

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/08—Lining with building materials with preformed concrete slabs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/08—Lining with building materials with preformed concrete slabs
    • E21D11/083—Methods or devices for joining adjacent concrete segments

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an arch vault for lining of or for vaulting inside spaces as tunnels, rock chambers or similar, which arch vault comprises at least one elongated mid-section and one side element, which side element consists of a prefabricated reinforced concrete element and which side element is raised along a lower edge and arranged against the mid-section to form an arch section through interaction at its upper end part or edge.
  • Such concrete linings may be achieved through cast-in-situ, assembling of prefabricated concrete elements of separate sizes and designs or by spraying concrete on the walls of the space so that a stabilizating and sealing layer of concrete is formed.
  • the layer of concrete may for instance be reinforced with steel fabric reinforcements for achieving an increased strength.
  • the concrete elements may be moulded against or attached to the walls and ceiling of the currant space by means of, for instance, roof bolts, but may also be arranged against each other or constructed in such a formed piece that they form an arch vault.
  • the arch vault usually comprises several part members, which are arranged against each other and in succession for forming the arch of the vault, see for instance GB-293,951 or GB-945,258.
  • Foundations or base elements may be arranged along two sides of the space, see for instance GB-945-258, on a support of ballast, for instance macadam.
  • Substantially vertical and flat wall elements are then raised on top of the foundations in order to form tunnel walls.
  • Substantially arched wall or roof elements are then assembled on top of the wall elements to form the ceiling of the arch.
  • the part members are often fixed by means of some type of attachment device, for instance roof bolts, to the surrounding mountain as shown in, e.g., the German document DE-C1-39 27 466, or each of the current part members are anchored to the end parts of the others forming an arch, see for instance GB-293,951. Because of the many part members and the many attachment devices such constructions become both labour intense and slow to assemble, with high construction costs as a consequence. Because such attachment devices extend straight through the part members, including all sealing and/or insulating layers, and further into the surrounding rock or soil, the attachment devices will lead water and cold to the actual arch vault and further into or through it.
  • some type of attachment device for instance roof bolts
  • the requirement of availability to the work area for everyone has lead to a development towards larger and prefabricated part members (also termed prefabricated elements below), which are being completed in another location, transported as close to the end of the tunnel or the room as possible, where the quarrying, drilling, digging etc. still can be going on, and which large and thereby much fewer prefabricated elements then can be assembled and attached to one completed vault.
  • prefabricated part members also termed prefabricated elements below
  • both the prefabricated elements must be raised in a correct position and they also must be held in this position throughout the time it takes to harden the concrete in the joint, for instance by a casting frame or the like.
  • the actual casting of the joint is difficult, because an access to the joint from the topside of the arch vault is required and, thereby, that a scaffold is erected for the concrete workers. Consequently, the space becomes blocked during the joining and a proportionately large labour force, having all sorts of equipments, as rack, mould, water, electricity, compressor etc. must be available.
  • a possible readjustment or changing of an arch element brings with it the disadvantage that the entire passage through the tunnel once again must be closed even if just one single arch element needs to be changed.
  • one or several layers off insulations may be placed between the arch vault and the rock, see for instance FR-A1-2 621 351. Insulation, if any, may also be intended for thermal insulation of the actual space.
  • attachment devices such as roof bolts
  • the insulation becomes penetrated when mounting the attachment devices, which of course highly decrease the sealing effect of the insulation, and, in the case of self-supporting arch vaults, problems still arise with how the external insulation shall be able to seal from the outside at the joints between the part members and between adjacent insulation layers.
  • said French document shows through going straps (12) and adhesive paste for fastening of the insulation layer.
  • the patent EP 0 620 357 shows another arch vault, which comprises a supporting device that is intended to be fixed in the ceiling or walls of the tunnel. Side and roof elements are then arranged at said supporting device.
  • This arch vault is trying to solve, are the damages that can arise on a conventional arch vault consisting of concrete elements on account of the external environmental factors that the concrete elements are exposed to, for instance fluctuations in temperature and water pressure from the outside.
  • the damages that can arise are for instance that the concrete cover loosens and falls down, as a result of material movements caused by temperature, that the reinforcement rusts and that the dilatation joints, that separate the concrete panels, which are arranged successively in a row, are destroyed so that a waterlogging occurs into the runnel.
  • the side and roof elements of the arch vault are therefore preferably manufactured of some glass fibre reinforced synthetic material, or of metal instead of the conventional concrete.
  • such constructions are either much weaker in the sense of structural strength, considering both the applicable ramming loads and in the case of possible caving-in of rock or stone, and/or they are a lot more expensive and heavier.
  • metal constructions off steel always rusts eventually, and plastic materials are ageing in a disadvantageous way.
  • the shown construction also demands special and costing sealing profiles for sealing the joints between the elements, which sealing profiles involve additional work in the form of additional assembling involving subsequent extra work and material costs.
  • the prefabricated part members used for forming the arch are as few as possible without therefore becoming ungainly, in one preferred embodiment, there is only one centre element mounted to one mid-section at the ceiling of the space and two sections of the same side element raised from the floor of the space, and if possible on foundations arranged there, which side elements each form one side of the arch vault depending on the feeding direction of the side elements in the space.
  • the construction becomes rigid enough to endure and absorb considerable explosion and ramming loads without the arch vault loosing its carrying capacity, that the need for attachment devices that perforate sealing layers are eliminated and also that problems with thermal bridges, that earlier was due to said attachments, are eliminated, or at least are substantially decreased.
  • the tare weight of the arch vault and additional loads if such exists, as for instance from fillings, pipes, ventilations and wirings, at least to an essential part are supported by the attachment to the ceiling of the space via the mid-section of the construction and preferably also that the mid- section provides a clearance for wiring, sprinkler systems, etc., for instance.
  • the arch vault according to the invention is characterized in that only said mid-section is intrinsically anchored in the limiting surface of the space, that the side element is arranged aloof from and entirely freestanding from said limiting surface between its lower and its upper end part or edge, which upper end part or edge is releasably connected with said mid-section via a joint and that said mid-section constitutes a support for the side element.
  • the side element is movably arranged, preferably pivotal, at the lower edge and releasably suspended at the upper end part or edge to the mid-section.
  • each side element is placed in the longitudinal direction of the space onto a foundation and preferably that each side element is pivotally mounted in a groove and/or against an edge, which is or are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the foundation.
  • the foundation contains at least one through pipe and that guiding devices are arranged in order to make two adjacent foundations fit.
  • it comprises several side elements, which are arranged sideways, preferably collaterally, in one direction of the space to form an elongated arch section assembled by several side elements.
  • said mid-section is anchored by a longitudinal centre element to the limiting surface by means of a plurality of attachment devices, for instance roof bolts, which are arranged in one or more rows in the longitudinal direction of the mid-section, which attachment devices preferably are comprised of rod-shaped elements, projecting or pendant from the limiting surface of the space, for arranging of the centre element aloof from said limiting surface.
  • attachment devices for instance roof bolts, which are arranged in one or more rows in the longitudinal direction of the mid-section, which attachment devices preferably are comprised of rod-shaped elements, projecting or pendant from the limiting surface of the space, for arranging of the centre element aloof from said limiting surface.
  • attachment devices are arranged in zigzag in at least two rows in the longitudinal direction of the mid-section.
  • the mid-section comprises staying means for connecting several attachment devices with each other, wherein said staying means preferably consists of, in relation to the longitudinal direction of the mid-section, longitudinal, transverse or diagonal bracings.
  • said mid-section comprises a longitudinal clearance in the form of a channel.
  • the channel is arranged in or constitutes a clearance between the centre element, the upper edges of the side elements facing each other in pairs and a covering plate, which covering plate is mounted extending between the upper edges of the side elements.
  • the covering plate constitutes a fire-resistant board.
  • the side elements being used have a shell-form having a cross-section with a bending radius adjusted after the limiting surface of the space.
  • side elements and centre elements used consist of prefabricated elements of substantially reinforced concrete or similarly casted materials.
  • side elements and centre elements used consist of prefabricated elements of substantially metallic or similar materials.
  • the side elements and centre elements being used consist of prefabricated elements off substantially plastic, glass fibre or similar materials.
  • one or more moisture barriers project from the mid-section, which moisture barrie ⁇ arriers are arranged hanging over the outside of the side elements used and that, in the case of more then one side element, the joint formed between two side elements placed adjacently to each other is covered by at least one moisture barrier. - that the moisture barrier is attached to the inside of the edge of, and under, said centre elements.
  • the moisture barrier comprises a flexible, dense barrier of water deterring or watertight material. - that, in the case of several moisture barriers arranged along the same longitudinal side of the mid-section, the moisture barriers are arranged partly overlapping.
  • a layer or layers are mounted on the side elements for protection against cold, moisture, water, ice, fire and/or falling down of smaller objects like ice blocks.
  • the releasable joint consists of a bolt connection or a snap-hook.
  • the mid-section comprises a centre element in the form of an elongated beam, which beam preferably is in the form of one prefabricated U-profile having its flanges arranged downwards.
  • each holder is connected by means of the releasable joint to anchor devices, which are arranged at the upper edges or end parts of the side elements.
  • anchor devices are comprised of longitudinal sheets, which preferably also constitute both edge lining for the side elements and fire-resistant sealing for the arch vault.
  • each moisture barrier extends from the centre elements out across the roof elements and further down across the external edges of these.
  • At least one additional moisture barrier is mounted along the underside of one or several roof elements, which additional moisture barrier or barriers extend along side elements having a somewhat shorter height, which are releasably mounted at the underside of the roof elements and on a shorter distance on the inside of the leading edge of these.
  • An arch vault according to the present invention reduces considerably the necessary labour force, and also the time for the assembly of the arch vault compared with known arch vaults.
  • the assembly of the side elements can be done very flexibly, since the assembly does not depend on being coordinated with other work, wherefore areas where other work is going on can be passed over without the assembly being more difficult or delayed.
  • the tunnel/the space may be held open for operation or traffic. Further more, the construction requires minimal service.
  • the obtained arch vault constitutes a - very dense construction, while the sealing layer, for instance the tarpaulin, is so arranged that it extends intact, i.e.
  • the arch vault obtains a clearly superior fire security while it is easy to insulate against fire and while sprinklers may easily be arranged in the mid-section.
  • channels, pipes and conduits for electric cables, water, ventilation, etc., including other necessary installations as fans, are easily arranged along the mid-section.
  • the arch vault has a considerably improved ability to resist suddenly occurring loads as explosions and ramming loads. This because the, to a certain extent, built-in ability of the side elements to be able to move, i.e.
  • each side element can pivot somewhat at the foundation along its lower edge and to be lifted or displaced somewhat at its upper end part when needed by the from the attachment devices suspended mid-section and thereby "absorbing" the energy, which ability all known arch vaults mentioned above lacks.
  • each element goes much faster and becomes completed directly, while after-treatment works, which are necessary for the carrying capacity of the construction, are totally absent. If so is desired, each element may also be entirely completed both on the outside as well as on the inside regarding any possible surface layers, as thermal and damp insulation layers, painting and the like, already at the assembly.
  • Each side element is instantly exchangeable through lifting without any greater need of work or larger time-consumption, while no cutting of fixed connections or firmly grouted attachments and joints must be performed, at which the great advantage simultaneously exists that the passage may be held open for traffic, even if it is to a limited extent.
  • the locking device at the upper support of the side element for instance consisting of a bolt connection, is dismantled in a very uncomplicated and simple way by pulling or screwing away a shear pin, etc., after which a lifting of the " current side element can be done.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-section through parts of an arch vault according to a first embodiment of the present invention for lining or vaulting in a space as a tunnel, rock chamber or the like, which arch vault has side elements in the form of shells, which are raised against a longitudinal mid section, fixably mounted in the ceiling of the space.
  • Fig. 2 shows schematically and in more detail a schematic cross-section through parts of the mid- section according to Figure 1.
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically and in more detail a modified design of a mid-section and side elements according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows a cross-section in the vertical direction of a foundation according to the invention
  • Fig. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of two adjacent foundations according to Figure 4.
  • Fig. 6 shows an additionally modified and third embodiment, which more or less is equal to that in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-section through parts of an arch vault according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, which also comprises a flat roof element.
  • an arch vault 1 for lining or for vaulting inside spaces 2 as tunnels, rock chambers or the like is schematically shown.
  • the arch vault 1 comprises a plurality of side elements 3, 4, in the form of shells, which consist of prefabricated elements of reinforced concrete and which elements 3, 4 are pivotally raised along a lower, roundish edge 5 and arranged against an elongated mid-section 6 forming an arc section 7 through cooperation between the side elements 3, 4 and the mid-section 6 at the upper edges or end parts 8 of the side elements 3, 4.
  • the side elements 3, 4 are facing each other in pairs and collaterally placed in the longitudinal direction of the space 2 onto two substantially parallel rows of prefabricated concrete foundations 9, which are located on top of a filling 10 of ballast, for instance macadam, gravel etc.
  • the foundations 9, in not shown embodiments, may be casted-in-situ, or be of other materials than concrete or directly arranged out of the existing floor 11.
  • the filling 10 also constitutes drainage courses wherefore drainpipes 12 are deposited along the sides of the space 2 in therefore designed ditches 13.
  • the foundations 9 shown comprise cavities 14, which are arranged inside the foundations 9, for instance embedded pipes or conduits 14 for cables, draining, ventilation, sewers or the like, which extend substantially in the longitudinal direction of the arch vault 1, i.e. in the direction of the space 2.
  • the foundations 9 may also substantially vertically arranged cavities or devices 15 exist, as sewers or manholes and also recesses for such.
  • On top of the filling 10 are necessary layers of sheetings, moisture barriers, insulations and surfacings 16 laid out, determined by the actual purpose of the space 2, for instance concrete floors in the case of a shelter, and bitumen in the case of a road tunnel etc.
  • each side element 3, 4 and the mid-section 6 in each arc section 7 are preferably designed and cooperating in such away that each arc section 7 substantially has a bending radius, which corresponds as far as possible to the current cross-section or limiting surface 2a of the space 2, normally comprising its ceiling and wall, however having a necessary space between them. Consequently the side elements 3, 4 of the arch vault 1 are entirely free from direct connection with the wall sides of the space 2, wherefore no water, other than a possible drip of water, can be transferred over to the arch vault 1 via the otherwise so commonly occurring attachment devices between said wall sides and the side elements in competing arch vaults.
  • each side element 3, 4 has a shell shape having arched cross- section.
  • a groove 17 is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the space 2 in each of the foundations 9.
  • the side elements 3, 4 are freely and collaterally arranged in the groove 17 for obtaining of a swivelling feature and a certain resistance against displacement along the lower edges 5 of the side elements 3,4.
  • the intention is, among other things, to get necessary support during the assembly of the individual elements 3, 4 when pivoting these upwards towards the mid-section 6 and a firm, but still flexible connection between each separate side element 3, 4 and the supporting surface, for instance the foundations 9 shown in Fig.
  • the foundations 9 also constitute a prefabricated pavement.
  • Fig. 2 is schematically shown and in greater detail a schematic cross- section through parts of a first embodiment of the mid-section 6, in which mid-section 6 the two the side elements 3, 4 are suspended at its upper edges 8.
  • the mid-section 6 comprises a centre element 20 in the form of an elongated beam, preferably of prefabricated concrete, which beam 20 in the embodiment shown is in the form of an U- profile whose flanges 21, 22 are arranged downwards.
  • At the underside of the centre element 20 and aloof from the longitudinal edges or sides 27, 28 of the centre element 20 are at least two carriers 23, 24 pre-mounted, i.e. at least one carrier 23, 24 for each side element 3, 4 used in respective arc section 7.
  • the carriers 23, 24 constitute grouted T-profiles having a vertical flange 19 projecting downwards, which has holes for a joint 25.
  • the carriers 23, 24 may for instance also comprise parallel I- or L-profiles and then preferably either in the form of bent, elongated plates or shorter anchoring irons.
  • the carriers 23, 24 may extend along parts of, or along the entire centre element 20, including having a part of the carriers 23, 24 outside the two end parts of the centre element 20. In the case of the first mentioned example, the carriers 23, 24 preferably have a certain mutual distribution along said centre elements 20. In the construction shown in Fig.
  • each carrier 23, 24 is connected by means of a releasable joint 25 to the anchor devices 26, for instance in the form of strap irons or longitudinal plates, which are arranged at the upper edges or end parts 8 of the side elements 3, 4 and then preferably fully grouted at the production of the side elements 3, 4.
  • the anchor devices 26 for instance in the form of strap irons or longitudinal plates, which are arranged at the upper edges or end parts 8 of the side elements 3, 4 and then preferably fully grouted at the production of the side elements 3, 4.
  • these preferably also constitute both an edge lining 29 for the side elements 3, 4 and a fire-resistant sealing for the arch vault 1 in that the plates 26 extend along the entire upper edge 8 of the side element 3, 4 like a L-profile, at which the lower angular part constitutes a support for the edge 8 of the side element 3, 4.
  • the mid-section 6 is attached at the ceiling of the space 2 by means of one or more rows 35, 36 of attachment devices 37, for instance roof bolts.
  • one row 35, 36 of attachment devices 37 is arranged at each longitudinal side 27, 28 off the centre element 20 having an even distribution of the attachment devices 37 in each row 35, 36, however, having a preferably determined longitudinal displacement along the mid- section 6 for each row 35, 36 of said devices 37, so that the attachment devices 37 become arranged in zigzag along the centre element 20.
  • Between the attachment devices 37 may longitudinal, transverse, or as in the case of the example shown in Fig.
  • diagonal bracings 38 be assembled in order to stabilize the mid-section 6, for instance in relation to transverse forces, which gives the advantage, among others, that each side element 3, 4 may be assembled or dismantled on its own, without any risks concerning the assembly or the structural strength.
  • a ridge-functioning of the centre element 20 is achieved with reference to the water dribble from the sealing of the space 2 and to the water that possibly may be transferred down by the attachment devices 37 to the arch vault 1. Furthermore, for each arch side 3, 4 a moisture barrier 31 projects from the mid-section 6, which moisture barrier 31, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, is attached on the inside of the edge 27, 28 of and under said centre element 20.
  • the moisture barrier 31 which comprises a flexible, dense cloth, like a tarpaulin, plastic film, rubber sheeting or some other water deterring or watertight material, is arranged preferably hanging over at least the joint that is formed between the two side elements 3, 4, which are arranged close to each other, however preferably arranged along the entire outside of several side elements 3, 4.
  • the barriers 31 may also be arranged partly wrapped over each other along the outer sides of said arch vaults 1.
  • the joint between two side elements 3, 4, raised close to each other, the joint between centre elements 20 arranged close to each other and the joint between two foundations 9 may comprise one or several joining devices as pilings, projections or spice bars, (not shown).
  • the joint may, if so is required, be sealed or trimmed by means of lists covering the joint, caulking compounds, plaster, etc.
  • Insulation 32 and any additional, suitable layers are attached on the outer sides of the side elements 3, 4 preferably already at the prefabri cation of the side elements 3, 4 for protection against cold, damp, water, ice etc., for instance. Said layers may also be intended for fire protection and for protection against damages from smaller objects falling down, like ice blocks. As earlier mentioned, suitable layers may also be applied on the insides of the side elements 3, 4.
  • a roofing sheet 33 is mounted extending between the two rows of side elements 3, 4, which are facing each other in pairs and thereby bridging the distance between the upper edges 8 of the side elements 3, 4.
  • the roofing sheet 33 is firmly welded or screwed tight in a tight-fitting way to the anchor devices 26 at the underside of the side elements 3, 4, so that a channel 34, suitably for all sorts of insulations thus is formed between the centre element 20, the roofing sheet 33 and the anchor devices 26 at the edges 8 of the side elements 3, 4.
  • Such installations are, for instance, pipes and conduits for electric cables, water, sprinkler systems, ventilation, etc., including other necessary installations as fans.
  • the roofing sheet 33 may consist of, or comprise, a fire-resistant board, insulation etc. and has, where it is so required, openings for armatures, ventilation, conduits etc. as lighting, fans, sprinklers, smoke evacuation etc.
  • the releasable joint 25 between the carriers 23, 24 and the anchor devices 26 may be comprised of a bolt joint, perhaps having a safety device in the form of a pin or a self-coupling arrangement as a snap-hook.
  • the centre element may in stead consist of an elongated sheet, preferably a metal plate having preferably a rectangular cross-section, at which sheet the attachment devices are mounted through, preferably, a bolt joint or a welded joint.
  • a bolt joint preferably, a bolt joint
  • a welded joint At the lower edge of the sheet and in its longitudinal direction, at least two parallels rows of carriers are arranged having at least one carrier for each upper edge of the side elements being used in each arch section.
  • Fig. 3 is schematically shown, and in more detail, a cross-section through parts of a second embodiment according to the invention. It is shown a mid-section 6, at which two side elements 3, 4 are suspended at their upper edges 8.
  • the mid-section 6 comprises a centre element 20 in the form of an elongated beam, which, according to the embodiment shown, consists of an U-profile having projections 6A, 6B at each longitudinal edge.
  • the carriers 23, 24 are arranged inside cavities 100, 101, which are made in the underside of projections 6 A, 6B, respectively, and runs in the cross direction so that openings are created in the edges 27, 28.
  • the side elements 3, 4 are arranged at their upper edges 8 having corresponding cavities 102, 103.
  • the end surface 27, 28 of each projection edge is bevelled to approximately a 45° angle, in order to fit together with a corresponding bevelling (also this approximately 45°, but angled in the opposite direction) at the side elements 3, 4. It is understood that instead of an acute-angled bevelling, other configurations, as for instance entirely " perpendicular endings of the end surfaces/edges, may also be arranged that give a desired cooperation between the parts.
  • a plurality of carriers 23, 24 is arranged in each arc section, having a suitable interval depending on the circumstances.
  • the mid-section 6 is mounted to the rock 2 A by means of attachment devices 37 (preferably a plurality of roof bolts) having fasteners 104, 105 which are pre-mounted, preferably fully grouted in the mid-section 6.
  • the fasteners 104, 105 consist of u-irons (preferably of limited length, but they can also be placed along the entire mid-section), which have been anchored to the roof bolt 37 by means of nuts 106.
  • Sheet joints 109, 110 are arranged inside each cavity 100 - 103 by means of bolted joints (which are locked to each holding means), which bridge the gaps 111, 112 between the centre edges 27, 28 of the mid-section 6 and the upper edge 8 of the side elements 3, 4, so that an attachment of each side element 3, 4 to the mid-section 6 is obtained.
  • Each cavity 100 - 103 is covered by a sealing element 113, 114, with the purpose to prevent a passage off liquid and/or gas down or up through the gaps 111, 112 between the mid-section 6 and the side elements 3, 4.
  • a foundation 9 intended to be used together with the invention. It is shown that the foundation 9 very well may be arranged having a cavity 17 in the top surface, which is intended to cooperate with bottom part 5 of a side element 3, 4. Furthermore, it is clear that the foundation 9 is arranged with a number of through cavities 14, preferably in the form of fully grouted polyvinyl chloride pipes. In these pipes 14 may conduits, etc. be placed.
  • each centring stud 123 is arranged having a ball-shaped external end part 123 A, and also the guide tubes 124 are arranged slightly tapered, which make the fitting simpler, at the same time as it allows certain angular displacement.
  • the guide tubes 124 are arranged slightly tapered, which make the fitting simpler, at the same time as it allows certain angular displacement.
  • the centre element 20 which consists of a prefabricated concrete element having an U-profile that has flanges 21, 22 that are arranged downwards, has a width of approximately 1200 mm, a waist width of approximately 100 mm, a flange depth of approximately 200 mm and a length of approximately 5,0 meters.
  • the roofing sheet 33 has a width of approximately 800 mm, whereof 100 mm along each edge constitute together with the fasteners 26 supports for the upper edges 8 of the side elements 3, 4.
  • the height i.e. the distance measured in a straight line from the upper edge 8 to the lower edge 5 of the element 3, 4, is between approximately 7,5 - approximately 8 meters.
  • the foundations 9 for instance laying of drainpipes 12, macadam 10, insulation and moisture barriers 16, etc., and for the mid-section 6, for instance scaling and securing of the rock by means of roof bolts and possibly spraying of concrete.
  • the foundations 9 are placed in position, at which they preferably are anchored to each other and the joints are sealed. Possibly a floor or road surfacing 16 may be laid out.
  • the attachment devices 37 for the mid-section 6 are mounted in the sealing of the space 2, which mounting can be done having only a smaller part of the cross-section of the space 2 blocked for normal work, for instance transports.
  • All larger part members belonging to the arch vault 1, for instance the side elements 3,4 and the centre elements 20, are transported in by means of lorries, after which a lift device lifts the individual elements.
  • the lift device is equipped with a suction device, which, after it have been attached to the under or the inner side of said elements 3, 4, 20, lifts and turns these to the correct position.
  • the centre elements 20 are lifted and mounted in the ceiling of the space 2 at the attachment devices 37 earlier arranged, which attachment devices 37 preferably have been positioned in zigzag.
  • each side element 3, 4 is anchored to the mid-section 6 via the carriers 23, 24 and the fasteners 26 by means of the releasable joint 25.
  • the roofing sheet 33 is assembled and necessary joining between the side elements 3, 4 is done, on which the arch section 7 is fully assembled. Consequently, the current work time becomes very short and the manpower can be limited to only a couple of men.
  • An additional advantage is that necessary installations, wirings or other pipes, may easily be drawn in the channel 34 before, in conjunction with or after the assembly of the roofing sheet 33, in which they also are protected from external influences.
  • the insulation 16, 32 may be arranged over the entire or merely along parts of the vault 7 and floor construction 11, and the moisture barrier 31, which preferably consists of the sealing cloth 31 hanging freely from the centre element 20, may also be extended to comprise additional damp insulation attached to elements 3, 4, 20 used.
  • the attachment device 37 of the mid-section 6 may easily ramify and proceed in more numerous rows of additional attachment devices 37 beside each other. Between these additional attachment devices 37 and the centre elements 20, substantially flat roof elements 39 are assembled, as described above, see Fig. 7, by means of carriers 23, 24 and fasteners 26.
  • the moisture barrier 31 extends from each centre element 20 across the roof elements 39 and further across the leading edges 40 of the roof elements 39.
  • the dense insulation 16 around the foundation 9 and the joint between this and the side element 3, 4 solves problems concerning thermal bridges.
  • the foundation 9 may have embedded pipes or cavities for cables, conduits as drainpipes and such 14, 15.
  • the foundations 9 may have insulation and moisture barriers 16 pre-mounted, which solves problems concerning thermal bridges and moisture.
  • attachment devices 37 in certain applications, when they are long enough, may unload directly against a sheet joint 109, 110, which also bridge the gap 111, 112. Furthermore, it is understood that in many applications it is not an advantage to have the attachment devices 37 and suspension means, i.e. the carriers 23, 24, positioned in the same position, but instead to have these aloof from each other. As will also be understood, many other shapes of intrinsically known means for joining than flat bars may be used in order to bring together and hold together the mid-section 6 plus the side elements 3, 4.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une voûte en forme d'arc (1) permettant de doubler ou de voûter des espaces intérieurs (2) tels que des tunnels, des grottes ou des espaces similaires. Cette voûte en forme d'arc (1) comprend au moins une section médiane allongée (6) et un élément latéral (3, 4) consistant en un élément de béton armé préfabriqué, amené le long d'une arête inférieure (5) et disposé contre la section médiane (6) de manière à former une section (7) en forme d'arc par un jeu d'interaction à sa partie ou arête (8) d'extrémité supérieure. Selon le mode de réalisation décrit dans cette invention, seule ladite section médiane (6) est ancrée de manière intrinsèque dans la surface de séparation (2a) de l'espace; l'élément latéral (3, 4) étant disposé de manière entièrement autoportante et à distance de ladite surface de séparation (2a) entre ses parties d'extrémité ou arêtes supérieures et inférieures (5, 8). La partie ou arête supérieure (8) est connectée de manière amovible avec ladite section médiane (6) par l'intermédiaire d'un joint (25) et cette section médiane (6) constitue un support pour l'élément latéral (3, 4)
PCT/SE2001/000038 2000-01-11 2001-01-11 Element de construction en forme d'arc WO2001051769A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001227223A AU2001227223A1 (en) 2000-01-11 2001-01-11 Arc construction
NO20023164A NO20023164L (no) 2000-01-11 2002-06-28 Buekonstruksjon

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0000067A SE521950C2 (sv) 2000-01-11 2000-01-11 Valvkonstruktion
SE0000067-9 2000-01-11
SE0002273-1 2000-06-16
SE0002273A SE525449C2 (sv) 2000-06-16 2000-06-16 Valvkonstruktion

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001051769A1 true WO2001051769A1 (fr) 2001-07-19

Family

ID=26654941

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE2001/000038 WO2001051769A1 (fr) 2000-01-11 2001-01-11 Element de construction en forme d'arc

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2001227223A1 (fr)
NO (1) NO20023164L (fr)
WO (1) WO2001051769A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107956492A (zh) * 2017-12-22 2018-04-24 同济大学 断裂破碎带山岭隧道钢拱架临时支撑装置
CN109356126A (zh) * 2018-11-22 2019-02-19 中水电第十工程局（郑州）有限公司 对半预制廊道结构及廊道施工方法
WO2020171897A1 (fr) * 2019-02-20 2020-08-27 Dsi Tunneling Llc Système et procédé de support de tunnel
CN113199824A (zh) * 2021-04-01 2021-08-03 康庆平 一种聚酯材料防火板及其制备方法
CN114233340A (zh) * 2021-12-14 2022-03-25 山西潞安环保能源开发股份有限公司漳村煤矿 一种煤矿井下巷道顶板防淋水施工方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0620357A2 (fr) * 1993-04-14 1994-10-19 Xaver Jehle Revêtement d'un tunnel et méthode pour sa fixation
WO1996003552A1 (fr) * 1994-07-28 1996-02-08 Prefac Conduit souterrain

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0620357A2 (fr) * 1993-04-14 1994-10-19 Xaver Jehle Revêtement d'un tunnel et méthode pour sa fixation
WO1996003552A1 (fr) * 1994-07-28 1996-02-08 Prefac Conduit souterrain

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107956492A (zh) * 2017-12-22 2018-04-24 同济大学 断裂破碎带山岭隧道钢拱架临时支撑装置
CN107956492B (zh) * 2017-12-22 2023-09-22 同济大学 断裂破碎带山岭隧道钢拱架临时支撑装置
CN109356126A (zh) * 2018-11-22 2019-02-19 中水电第十工程局（郑州）有限公司 对半预制廊道结构及廊道施工方法
CN109356126B (zh) * 2018-11-22 2023-10-31 中电建十一局工程有限公司 对半预制廊道结构及廊道施工方法
WO2020171897A1 (fr) * 2019-02-20 2020-08-27 Dsi Tunneling Llc Système et procédé de support de tunnel
US11021955B2 (en) 2019-02-20 2021-06-01 Dsi Tunneling Llc Tunnel support system and method
CN113199824A (zh) * 2021-04-01 2021-08-03 康庆平 一种聚酯材料防火板及其制备方法
CN114233340A (zh) * 2021-12-14 2022-03-25 山西潞安环保能源开发股份有限公司漳村煤矿 一种煤矿井下巷道顶板防淋水施工方法
CN114233340B (zh) * 2021-12-14 2024-02-13 山西潞安环保能源开发股份有限公司漳村煤矿 一种煤矿井下巷道顶板防淋水施工方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO20023164D0 (no) 2002-06-28
AU2001227223A1 (en) 2001-07-24
NO20023164L (no) 2002-09-11

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