WO2001048256A1 - Composite de matrice metallique a base d'acier au bore - Google Patents

Composite de matrice metallique a base d'acier au bore Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001048256A1
WO2001048256A1 PCT/DK2000/000714 DK0000714W WO0148256A1 WO 2001048256 A1 WO2001048256 A1 WO 2001048256A1 DK 0000714 W DK0000714 W DK 0000714W WO 0148256 A1 WO0148256 A1 WO 0148256A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
metal matrix
matrix composite
ceramic particles
composite according
boron
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DK2000/000714
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jan Laurberg List
Kenneth Petersen
Original Assignee
Danish Steel Works Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Danish Steel Works Ltd. filed Critical Danish Steel Works Ltd.
Priority to AU21515/01A priority Critical patent/AU2151501A/en
Publication of WO2001048256A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001048256A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • C22C1/1042—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by atomising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0207—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy
    • C22C33/0228—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy comprising other non-metallic compounds or more than 5% of graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/123—Spraying molten metal

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a metal matrix composite based on boron steel and produced by spray forming.
  • Boron steel is a type of steel that is well known for exhibiting good wear resistance. Therefore boron steel is typically used when extra resistance towards mechanical stress is needed, e.g. in gear-shift levers, agricultural machines and the like.
  • Ceramic particles typically used are carbides, oxides, and nitrides.
  • the metal matrix composite according to the invention is based on boron steel, defined as containing at least 0.0010 % boron by weight, preferably 0.001-0.1 % boron, more preferably 0.0015-0.02 % boron, and most preferably 0.002-0.004 % boron by weight.
  • the carbon steel may preferably be hardened and tempered.
  • the metal matrix composite may be produced by any conventional kind of spray forming, however, it is preferred that the metal matrix composite is produced by the method according to the invention.
  • the metal matrix composite comprises ceramic particles, which should preferably exhibit a considerable hardness, i.e. the ceramic particles should exhibit a hardness greater than 800 HV, preferably greater than 1200 HV, more preferably greater than 1800 HV.
  • the ceramic particles may be selected from a group of materials consisting of A1_0 3 , A1N, BeO, B 4 C, CeO_, Cr 3 C_, MgO, MoSi., Mo_C, NbC, Si 3 N 4 , SiO_, ThO_, TiB_, TiC, VC, WC, WSi_, ZrB_, ZrC, and ZrO_.
  • the ceramic particles are selected among A1:0 3 , TiC, ZrO , VC, MgO, WC, and SiO : .
  • the amount of ceramic particles added has great influence on the wear resistance.
  • the optimal amount may depend on the combination of materials in the matrix, the actual condition for use of the matrix, as well as the average particle size.
  • the average distance between two ceramic particles may influence the wear resistance, as it is more difficult for a particle in the material which is worn against the present material, hereinafter named as a wearing particle, to dig into the surface of the matrix between the ceramic particles, if the average distance between the particles is less than the average particle size of the wearing particle.
  • a high content of ceramic particles with a small particle size in combination with a short distance between them therefore provides a preferred embodiment.
  • the amount of ceramic particles added may e.g. be up to 30 ' -- (v/v) , preferably from 4 to 30 % (v/v) , more preferably from 8 to 25 % (v/v) , most preferably from 10 to 20 % (v/v) . If the matrix material itself is too soft, wearing particles of a larger size than the ceramic particles may be able to dig out the ceramic particles from the surface of the matrix. If, however, the matrix is sufficiently hard, the wearing particle will not be able to dig into the material, and the ceramic particles will actually crack the wearing particles.
  • the wearing particle will, provided the hardness of the matrix is sufficient, be unable to remove the ceramic particle.
  • the average size of the ceramic particles is therefore selected m view of the final use of the product.
  • the average size of the ceramic particles may be from 0.1 ⁇ m to 1 mm, preferably from 0.2 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ , more preferably from 20 ⁇ m to 180 ⁇ m.
  • the composite material is based on steel, which is a suitable material exhibiting the desired properties, such as malleability, capability of being tempered to a hardness sufficient to support the ceramic particles when they are subjected to hard wear and sufficiently ductility.
  • the matrix material is able to be work hardened m order to minimize any spreading of possible crackings .
  • compositions of the steel may be influenced by the composition of the steel, depending of the type of ceramic used.
  • Preferred embodiments comprise metal matrix composites based on boron steel with nominal compositions as follows :
  • the metal matrix composite according to the invention may further comprise impurities, such as minor amounts of Cu, Ti, Al, Ni, P, or S.
  • the metal matrix composite may further comprise one or more alloy elements selected among Al, Ti, Li, Mg, Ca, Zr, Ni, V, Y, Nb, S, and P, preferably selected among Ti, Li, and Mg .
  • the total amount of alloy elements may be between 0.1 and 10.5 % by weight, preferably between 0.15 and 6 % by weight, more preferably between 0.2 and 4 % by weight .
  • the invention further relates to a method for preparing a metal matrix composite comprising the steps of:
  • boron steel containing at least 0.0010 % boron by weight, preferably with a nominal composition of 0.1-0.65 % C, 0.0-2.0 % Mn, 0.0-0.5 % Si, 0.0-1.0 % Cr, and 0.001-0.02 % B,
  • the ceramic particles are selected from a group consisting of A1_0 3 , A1N, BeO, B 4 C, CeO_, Cr 3 C_, MgO, MoSi_, Mo_C, NbC, Si 3 N 4 SiO_, ThO_, TiB_, TiC, VC, WC, WSi_, ZrB_, ZrC, ZrO_.
  • the boron steel may of course have a different nominal composition, e.g. one of the above-mentioned compositions .
  • the ceramic particles should exhibit a hardness greater than 800 HV, preferably greater than 1200 HV and most preferably greater than 1800 HV.
  • the melted steel may optionally be divided into two or more streams; preferably the steel is divided into 2 streams .
  • the ceramic particles are mixed with a gas essentially free of oxygen, which gas may be e.g. nitrogen, argon, and helium.
  • a gas essentially free of oxygen which gas may be e.g. nitrogen, argon, and helium.
  • the distance between the point of atomising and the substrate is adjustable.
  • the temperature of the droplets should preferably be sufficiently high to keep the droplets melted m the initial contact with the substrate, so as to amalgamate on the substrate.
  • the temperature of the droplets should preferably be sufficiently low to allow for a fast solidification of the material.
  • the pressure within the reaction chamber is held above atmosphere pressure.
  • the distribution of the particles is sufficiently homogenous. Further, the porosity of the material should be sufficiently low.
  • the invention also relates to a metal matrix composite produced by the method according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a spray-forming unit suitable for the process according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a system of gas nozzles.
  • a spray-forming unit comprises a closed container (1) with a separate melting chamber (2) and an atomisation chamber (3) . Inside the melting chamber (2) there is a crucible (4) for melting the metal equipped with an outlet (7) and a stopper rod (5) . In the atomisation chamber (3) the substrate (6) is arranged. At the bottom of the container (1) there is an outlet (8) for gasses and excess powder.
  • Figure 2 shows a system of gas nozzles consisting of three rings for inlet of primary gas (12), secondary gas (13), and particle gas (14) arranged around the outlet (11) from a crucible (not shown in the figure) .
  • a boron steel with the following composition was spray formed with addition of A1 : 0 3 particles with a median size of 135 ⁇ m.
  • a spray forming unit according to figure 1 was used. First, the chambers were evacuated and then filled with nitrogen until the pressure was larger than that of the surroundings. In the melting chamber the metal was melted in a crucible. When the melt reached 1630°C (measured in the centre of the stopper rod) , the stopper rod was lifted and the melt was let out through the bottom of the crucible. Around the outlet from the crucible three rings of gas nozzles were arranged as described in Fig. 2. As primary gas, used to stabilise the melt stream, nitrogen was used. As the secondary gas, the atomisation gas, nitrogen was used, in order to split the gas into droplets. The particle gas, for carrying the particles into the spray cone, was nitrogen. Other parameters, such as gas pressure and spray distance were as follows:
  • the particles are mixed with the gas before they are injected into the chamber.
  • the droplets were collected on a rotating substrate where they amalgamated. Because of the fast solidification, the matrix retained the particles and they were distributed homogeneously throughout the main part of the cross section area.
  • the metal matrix composition produced was tested for tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, abrasive wear, and hardness by standard methods.
  • the specific content was determined to be 8.9 and 6.2 % pr. volume, respectively, for each sample of the material.
  • the wear test is an ASTM G65 standard abrasive test with modified abrasive particles. The results therefore cannot be compared to other values achieved by that standard.
  • the hardness of the material has not been significantly decreased by the addition of particles, and especially the elongation value is considerably higher than it could be expected for a metal matrix composite.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un composite de matrice métallique à base d'acier au bore, contenant au moins 0.0010 % de bore par poids, produit par formage par pulvérisation, et comprenant des particules céramiques avec une dureté supérieure à 800 HV. Cette invention concerne aussi un procédé de production de ce composite de matrice métallique, et des composites de matrices métalliques produits par ce procédé.
PCT/DK2000/000714 1999-12-23 2000-12-20 Composite de matrice metallique a base d'acier au bore WO2001048256A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU21515/01A AU2151501A (en) 1999-12-23 2000-12-20 A metal matrix composite based on boron steel

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DKPA199901857 1999-12-23
DKPA199901857 1999-12-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001048256A1 true WO2001048256A1 (fr) 2001-07-05

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DK2000/000714 WO2001048256A1 (fr) 1999-12-23 2000-12-20 Composite de matrice metallique a base d'acier au bore

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2151501A (fr)
WO (1) WO2001048256A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1284300A2 (fr) * 2001-08-06 2003-02-19 Hitachi Powdered Metals Co., Ltd. Elément fritté résistant à l'usure et son procédé de fabrication
CN100365150C (zh) * 2005-04-22 2008-01-30 常曙光 重载齿轮钢
CN102181794A (zh) * 2011-04-14 2011-09-14 舞阳钢铁有限责任公司 人造板设备用调质高强度钢板及其生产方法
WO2017036338A1 (fr) * 2015-08-28 2017-03-09 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 Plaque de blindage présentant une résistance à la traction au niveau de 2000 mpa et procédé de fabrication s'y rapportant
CN109321772A (zh) * 2018-09-29 2019-02-12 镇江宝海船舶五金有限公司 一种船舶锚链用铝基复合材料及其制备方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5021085A (en) * 1987-12-23 1991-06-04 Boehler Ges M.B.H. High speed tool steel produced by powder metallurgy
US5595614A (en) * 1995-01-24 1997-01-21 Caterpillar Inc. Deep hardening boron steel article having improved fracture toughness and wear characteristics
WO1997047415A1 (fr) * 1996-06-12 1997-12-18 The Regents Of The University Of California Depot par pulverisation dans une atmosphere a faible pression
FR2765593A1 (fr) * 1997-07-04 1999-01-08 Ascometal Sa Acier au carbone ou faiblement allie a usinabilite amelioree et procede d'elaboration de cet acier
JPH1151065A (ja) * 1997-07-31 1999-02-23 Nippon Seiko Kk 転がり軸受

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5021085A (en) * 1987-12-23 1991-06-04 Boehler Ges M.B.H. High speed tool steel produced by powder metallurgy
US5595614A (en) * 1995-01-24 1997-01-21 Caterpillar Inc. Deep hardening boron steel article having improved fracture toughness and wear characteristics
WO1997047415A1 (fr) * 1996-06-12 1997-12-18 The Regents Of The University Of California Depot par pulverisation dans une atmosphere a faible pression
FR2765593A1 (fr) * 1997-07-04 1999-01-08 Ascometal Sa Acier au carbone ou faiblement allie a usinabilite amelioree et procede d'elaboration de cet acier
JPH1151065A (ja) * 1997-07-31 1999-02-23 Nippon Seiko Kk 転がり軸受

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1999, no. 05 31 May 1999 (1999-05-31) *
ZHANG J.S ET AL: "AGEING BEHAVIOUR OF SPRAY DEPOSITED 18Ni(250) MARAGING STEEL + 10 VOL% AL2O3 PARTICULATE- REINFORCED METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES", MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, vol. A225, no. 1-2, - 1997, pages 96 - 104, XP000900931 *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1284300A2 (fr) * 2001-08-06 2003-02-19 Hitachi Powdered Metals Co., Ltd. Elément fritté résistant à l'usure et son procédé de fabrication
EP1284300A3 (fr) * 2001-08-06 2005-08-17 Hitachi Powdered Metals Co., Ltd. Elément fritté résistant à l'usure et son procédé de fabrication
CN100365150C (zh) * 2005-04-22 2008-01-30 常曙光 重载齿轮钢
CN102181794A (zh) * 2011-04-14 2011-09-14 舞阳钢铁有限责任公司 人造板设备用调质高强度钢板及其生产方法
WO2017036338A1 (fr) * 2015-08-28 2017-03-09 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 Plaque de blindage présentant une résistance à la traction au niveau de 2000 mpa et procédé de fabrication s'y rapportant
US10865458B2 (en) 2015-08-28 2020-12-15 Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. Armor plate with 2000 MPA-graded tensile strength, and manufacturing method therefor
CN109321772A (zh) * 2018-09-29 2019-02-12 镇江宝海船舶五金有限公司 一种船舶锚链用铝基复合材料及其制备方法

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Publication number Publication date
AU2151501A (en) 2001-07-09

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