WO2001040796A2 - Matrices de molecules glycanes (glycomatrices) sur la surface de biopuces (glycopuces) et leurs utilisations - Google Patents

Matrices de molecules glycanes (glycomatrices) sur la surface de biopuces (glycopuces) et leurs utilisations Download PDF

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WO2001040796A2
WO2001040796A2 PCT/EP2000/011975 EP0011975W WO0140796A2 WO 2001040796 A2 WO2001040796 A2 WO 2001040796A2 EP 0011975 W EP0011975 W EP 0011975W WO 0140796 A2 WO0140796 A2 WO 0140796A2
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glycoarray
glycan
glycans
sample
glycoarrays
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PCT/EP2000/011975
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WO2001040796A3 (fr
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Flavio Ramalho Ortigao
Michael William Mecklenburg
Nicolai Vladimirovich Bovin
Nikolay Eduardovich Nifant'ev
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Thermo Hybaid Gmbh
Syntesome Gesellschaft Für Medizinische Biochemie Mbh
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Priority to AU18610/01A priority Critical patent/AU1861001A/en
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Publication of WO2001040796A3 publication Critical patent/WO2001040796A3/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/34—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving hydrolase
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/5308—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for analytes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. nucleic acids, uric acid, worms, mites
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/531—Production of immunochemical test materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
    • G01N2333/90—Enzymes; Proenzymes
    • G01N2333/914—Hydrolases (3)
    • G01N2333/924—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2400/00—Assays, e.g. immunoassays or enzyme assays, involving carbohydrates

Definitions

  • Arrays of glycan molecules on the surface of biochips (glycochips) and uses thereof
  • the present invention relates to arrays of discrete sensing elements of glycans (glycoarrays) wherein glycans are immobilized on a solid support (glycochips). Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method of producing such glycoarrays comprising immobiliziation of a glycan on a preferably streptavidin coated sensing surface via biotin or a derivative thereof. In addition, the present invention relates to the use of such glycoarrays for discriminating complex biological samples, diagnosing a disease which correlates with the presence or absence of glycan binding molecules as well as to methods of identifying an organism by generation of signal pattern from a biological sample, which is indicative for the presence or absence of a particular organism. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a kit comprising the glycoarray of the invention useful in diagnostic assays.
  • Biochemical analyses are invaluable, routine tools in the study of biology. In order to successfully control biological processes, it is imperative that an understanding of biological interactions between various species is gained. Indeed, an understanding of biological interactions between various species is important for many varied fields of science.
  • Many biochemical analytical methods involve immobilization of a biological binding partner of a biological molecule on a surface, exposure of the surface to a medium suspected of containing the molecule, and determination of the existence or extent of molecule coupling to the surface-immobilized sensing element.
  • Increasing throughput demands have lead to the development of a wide range of so-called "high throughput" or HTP technologies. Initially these were based on the 96 well microtiter plate format.
  • the well density has been sequentially increased from 96 to 384, from 384 to 1536 and now even to 6144 wells using the same footprint.
  • the primary driving forces behind increasing the sample density were: increased throughput demands, reduced reagents usage (and therefore price) and the economies of scale.
  • proteome refers to all the proteins expressed in a cell and represents tha next level of biological complexity. Protein based microarrays are currently under development in several microarray labs (Lueking, Anal. Biochem. 270 (1999), 103- 111 ) as well as other approaches (Shevchenko, PNAS 96 (1999), 14177-14179; Gauss, Electrophoresis 20 (1999), 575-600; Link, Nature Biotechnology 17 (1999), 676-682; Pasa, JACS 121 (1999), 7949-7950).
  • Protein based microarrays have to address a number of issues that DNA arrays did not have to deal with, for example increased demands regarding the integrity of the tertiary protein structure for retention of complex, sensitive biological activities during the preparation and use of the microarrays. Furthermore, proteins undergo numerous complex post-translation modifications making the actual number of species in the proteome far greater than in the genome. For this very reason, protein microarrays are of even greater significance as tools for analyzing the proteome.
  • these assays may not record diseases which are not immediately associated with the mere presence of, e.g., a polynucleotide or protein.
  • the polynucleotide based assay may not be able to distinguish between splice variants of a given gene which may lead to different proteins.
  • a protein recognition based assay may not be able to discriminate between certain isoforms of enzymes one of which may be the causative agent of a disease.
  • the technical problem underlying the present invention is to provide assay means and methods that can be used in a variety of diagnostics such as health state of a subject.
  • the present invention relates to an array of discrete sensing elements of glycans (glycoarray), wherein glycans of the type G-Y-X (1 ) are immobilized on a solid support and wherein
  • X is an attachment group for immobilization on the solid support
  • Y is a linker group
  • G is a glycan moiety comprised of at least one or more saccharides.
  • discrete sensing element means elements of known chemical structure at defined positions on the surface.
  • sensing element refers to the molecular recognition repertoire of a moiety. In this invention, this refers to the ability of a given discrete glycan or glycoconjugate bound to a solid support to bind component(s) contained in the sample.
  • Biologically relevant molecular recognition event(s) can occur in a variety of modes. Components(s) may bind directly to the glycan moiety.
  • said glycan may act by altering the conformation, stability and the like, of the non-glycan moiety, hence altering the molecular recognition repertoire of said non-glycan moiety.
  • additional component(s) may be required in order to develop the biologically relevant molecular recognition repertoire of a given glycan or glycoconjugate. A combination of any of these schemes is also possible.
  • immobilized refers to a condition in which the species is attached to a surface with an attractive force stronger than attractive forces that are present in the intended environment of use of the surface, and that act on the species.
  • a self assembling monolayer immobilized at a surface the surface being used to capture a biological molecule from a fluid medium, is attracted to the surface with a force stronger than forces acting on the glycan moiety in the fluid medium, for example solvating and turbulent forces.
  • Immobilization may, e.g., mean covalent interaction, ionic interaction, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions and the like (see, e.g., Voet, Biochemie, VHC (1992)).
  • surface in particular refers to the outermost accessible molecular domain of any generally two-dimensional structure on a solid substrate.
  • a surface may have steps, trenches, ridges, terraces, and the like made using etching, stamping, micromachining and the like without ceasing to be a surface.
  • capturing refers to the analysis, recovery, detection, or other qualitative or quantitative determination of an analyte in a particular medium.
  • the medium is generally fluid, typically aqueous.
  • captured refers to a state of being removed from a medium onto a surface.
  • biomolecule refers to all molecules of biological origin, be they natural or engineered. This also includes synthetic or artificial molecules that have biological- like characteristics using nanotechnology, IC based fabrication technology, molecular imprinting and the like.
  • Attachment groups for immobilization of the glycans on the support and in particular on the surface of a monolayer coated on the solid support comprise, for example, carboxylic-, primary amino-, alcohols, epoxy-, and isothiocyanate.
  • the solid support of the glycoarray of the invention can be any material on which a glycan as described herein below can be coated on.
  • the term “solid support” refers to any material insoluble in a medium containing a target molecule or biological molecule that is desirably captured in accordance with the invention.
  • a preferred embodiment would be a 2 dimensional surface.
  • Another preferred embodiment would be the use of micro and mesomaterials such as porous and non- porous, microbeads and microparticles which are used as carriers which are subsequently used in the preparation of glycoarrays.
  • target molecule in this context refers to a molecule, present in a medium, which is the object of attempted capture.
  • the solid support is a support on which a self- assembling monolayer can be coated on.
  • the glycan is immobilized on the sensing surface of the self-assembling monolayer.
  • said solid support is silicon, glass, mica, plastic, gallium arsenide, platinum, silver, copper, gold or a combination of any one thereof, most preferably a combination of teflon and gold, the latter providing the support for binding the SAM.
  • the sensing surface on which the glycans are immobilized can be produced according to methods well known to the person skilled in the art such as described in WO90/05303, which also provides examples for appropriate attachment groups, spacers, solid supports and detection methods which can be employed in accordance with the present invention, if necessary in modified form.
  • WO90/05303 which also provides examples for appropriate attachment groups, spacers, solid supports and detection methods which can be employed in accordance with the present invention, if necessary in modified form.
  • the means and methods described in WO92/10757 can be adapted, modified and used in accordance with the present invention.
  • said sensing surface comprises biotin and streptavidin or derivatives thereof.
  • biotin and streptavidin or derivatives thereof are described for example in WO91/07087 as well as methods that may be adapted in accordance with the present invention.
  • streptavidin forms a nearly 100% surface coverage which prevents direct interaction of a sample with the surface below the sensing surface.
  • X is biotin or a derivative thereof.
  • the invention covers the design and application of arrays of glycans of type G-Y-X (1 ) on the surface of sensing elements with intermediate affinities (matrixes) of type arrays being described in patent application WO 97/49989 (PCT/EP97/03317) the disclosure content of which is specifically incorporated herewith.
  • One embodiment of the arrays described in WO97/49989 is named XNA on GoldTM which is the registered trade mark of the affinity array biochip developed by INTERACTIVA Biotechnologie GmbH; see http://www.interactiva.de.
  • WO97/49989 provides a conceptual basis of arrays of discrete biological sensing elements it does not specifically describe glycoarrays of the present invention.
  • said sensing elements have a density between 5 and 60 fmol/cm 2 on the sensing surface.
  • the solid support of the glycoarray of the present invention is preferably coated with the sensing surface of a self-assembling monolayer.
  • self-assembled monolayer refers to a relatively ordered assembly of molecules spontaneously chemisorbed on a surface, in which the molecules are oriented approximately parallel to each other.
  • Each of the molecules includes a functional group that adheres to the surface, and a portion that interacts with neighboring molecules in the monolayer to form the relatively ordered array. See Laibinis, Science 245 (1989), 845; Bain, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111 (1989), 7155- 7164; Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111 (1989), 7164-7175.
  • the principle of self-assembling monolayers (SAMs) as well as immobilization technologies based on SAMs are for example described in Bain, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 11 1 , (1989), 321 -335; Porter, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109, (1987), 3559-3568; and Bain, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111 , (1989) 7155-7164.
  • the self-assembling monolayer consists of hydrocarbon chains, preferably nonbranched, optionally interrupted by hetero atoms, and of a length exceeding 10 atoms, preferably containing 16-30 atoms.
  • the self- assembled monolayer is a self- assembled mixed monolayer which means that it is heterogenous self-assembled monolayer, i.e. one made up of a relatively ordered assembly of at least two different molecules.
  • linker refers to the moiety that links the surface attachment group to the glycan. This moiety serves one or more of the following functions: improving the solubility, reducing nonspecific binding of itself, reducing nonspecific binding of components in the sample, improving presentation of glycan, improving stability of the glycan or any combination thereof. In the case where a self-assembling monolayer is employed, the long chain alkane would be considered part of the linker.
  • the linker group of the present invention is a monomeric, oligomeric or polymer-based spacer for presentation of glycan display, optionally containing a fragment which is cleavable by chemical and/or physical methods.
  • Monomeric, oligomeric and polymer-based spacers comprise polyalkyl (C1 to C18), polyethyleneglycol (tri, penta, hexa), polyaryl, polyacrylate, polyacrylamide and siloxanes.
  • Fragments which are cleavable by chemical and/or physical methods include but are not limit to ditnotrophenyl and other photocleavable groups, any amide, any group capable of beta-elimination reaction, esters, acid- or base hydrolysable.
  • glycocan refers to any saccharide or oligosaccharide, in free form or attached to another molecule and is defined herein as a polyhydroxyaldehyde or a polyhydroxyketone or a larger compound that can be hydrolyzed into these units.
  • the term glycan and carbohydrate are used interchangeably herein.
  • Glycan also refers to any natural or non-natural non-carbohydrate compounds that mimic the physical, structural and chemical characteristics including the biological activities of natural or engineered functions of saccharides, and any combinations thereof.
  • an "oligosaccharide” is defined as a branched or linear chain of monosaccharides attached to one another via glycosidic linkage (Voet, Biochemie, VHC (1992)).
  • the term “monosaccharide” is defined herein as a carbohydrate that cannot be hydrolized into a simpler unit.
  • a monosaccharide can be of two types containing a carbonyl at the end of the carbon chain, termed an aldolase, or at the inner carbon, termed a ketose (Voet, Biochemie, VHC (1992)).
  • Common animal monosaccharides include for example:
  • Sialic acids a family of nine-carbon acidic sugars the most common of which is
  • Hexoses six carbon neutral sugars, such as glucose, galactose and mannose.
  • Hexosamines Hexose with an amino group at the 2-position, which can be either free or, more commonly, N-acetylated; N-acetylglucosamine, and N- acetylgalactosamine.
  • Deoxyhexoses six-carbon neutral sugars without the hydroxyl group at the 6- position, for example, fructose.
  • Pentoses Five-carbon sugars such as xylose.
  • Uronic acids Hexose with a negatively charged carboxylate at the 6-position such as glucuronic acid and iduronic acid. These monosaccharides dominate eukaryotic glycobiology but numerous variants can be found in lower organisms some of which are involved in numerous disease states (Schmidt, (1996) 5 th edition, p. 2 Wm C. Brown, New York; Kahn, Infectious Immunity 64 (1996), 2649-2656; Mengeling, Current Opinion in Structural Biology 8 (1998), 572-577).
  • glycoconjugates also includes glycoconjugates.
  • glycoconjugate abbreviated G, refers to a molecule comprised of a glycan moiety and possibly a non-glycan moiety, such that the interaction between the glycan and non-glycan moiety is sufficiently strong so as not to be released during the binding assay unless this is done by design.
  • non-glycan refers to any molecule of natural and non-natural origin including: naturally occurring macromolecules such as: proteins, lipids, RNA, DNA, biopolymers and the like, non- natural macromolecules constructed using biological-like schemes such as: LNA, PNA, peptoids and the like, non-natural macromolecules with biological-like feature(s) produced using man-made engineering and fabrication design principles such as nano-injection molding or stamping, molecular imprinting or templating, as well as sequential-reaction based nanomaterials such as dendhmers, rosettes, star-fish and the like.
  • naturally occurring macromolecules such as: proteins, lipids, RNA, DNA, biopolymers and the like
  • non- natural macromolecules constructed using biological-like schemes such as: LNA, PNA, peptoids and the like
  • non-natural macromolecules with biological-like feature(s) produced using man-made engineering and fabrication design principles such as nano-injection molding or stamping, molecular imprinting or temp
  • glycoconjugates Many natural bioactive molecules are glycoconjugates, and the attached glycans can have dramatic effects on the biosynthesis, stability, action and turnover of these molecules in the intact organism.
  • Several classes of enzymes have been shown to be involved in the synthesis and degradation of glycans including: glycosidases that catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in a glycan, exoglycosides that catalyze the cleavage of an internal glycosidic linkage in an oligosaccharide, endoglycosidases that catalyze the cleavage of a monosaccharide from the outer (nonreducing) end of a glycan or glycoconjugate, glycotransferases that catalyze the addition of monosaccharides and proteases that catalyze the cleavage of peptide bonds thereby altering the structural conformation of the glycoconjugate exposing different saccharides.
  • the glycan moiety is a moiety of a natural or chemically or enzymatically prepared carbohydrate molecule selected from the group consisting of monosaccharide, oligosaccharide, polysaccharide, glycolipid, glycoprotein, glycocompounds of any type with natural, modified natural or non-natural molecule that mimics the structure and/or activity of carbohydrates and any of their combinations.
  • carbohydrate molecules that can be used in accordance with the present invention comprise the penta saccharide GM1 for binding assay of cholera toxin, fragments of surfaces saccharides of salmonella for binding assay of antibodies, influenza HA antigen (NeuAc) for inhibitors development, the saccharides CM2/GD2, Sialyl-Tn for binding assay of cancer markers, and inhibitors development, Gal 1 ,3Gal as marker for porcine xeno-transplants, Sialyl-lewis carbohydrates for binding of selectins, Glycomimentics compounds for drug development and effectivity screening, CD15s, CD21 , CD34, CD45, CD57, CD58, CDw75, HSA for binding assay of lectins in the immunosystem, and Neu5Aco2- 3Gal ⁇ 1 -4Glc for binding assay of Heliobacter pylori.
  • Some glycans and glycoconjugates intermediates are not yet commercially available. This is due to the fact that small amounts of these intermediates are present in cells making purification laborious, time-consuming and expensive. Furthermore, the preparation of synthetic glycans and glycoconjugates is time consuming and an expensive process due to the inherent difficulties presented by this class of multifunctional compounds. This is due to the fact that stepwise synthesis of discrete carbohydrate analogues involves many protection and deprotection steps and that glycosylation creates a new stereocenter at the anomeric carbon (which can either be alpha or beta) and so far the available methods typically have poor yields and long reaction times as compared with the coupling reactions of peptide bond and phosphodiester formation (Khan, Mol.
  • said glycans are modified by use of chemical, physical and/or enzymatic techniques to allow the modification of glycans immobilized on glycoarrays including but not limited to the sequential synthesis and/or degradation of said immobilized glycans.
  • the advantages of combining array and modification technologies are as follows: (i) reduces reagent usage, (ii) small size provides better control over modification reaction conditions, (iii) a wide range of modification conditions can be tested simultaneously, (iv) improved control over experimental conditions, (v) increased throughput, (vi) on-chip standards provides a method for analyzing experimental variation which reduces experimental error, and (vii) probe enzyme specificity and incorporation efficiency.
  • the array is an array of discrete sensing elements of carbohydrate molecules (glycoarray) wherein carbohydrate derived molecules of the type G-Y-X (1 ) are immobilized on the sensing surface of a self-assembling monolayer coated on a solid support
  • X is an attachment group for immobilization on the surface of the monolayer
  • Y is a monomeric, oligomeric or polymer-based spacer for presentation of carbohydrate display, optionally containing a fragment which is cleavable by chemical and/or physical methods;
  • G is a moiety of a natural or chemically or enzymatically prepared carbohydrate molecule selected from the group consisting of monosaccharide, oligosaccharide, polysaccharide, glycolipid, glycoprotein, glycocompounds of any type with natural, modified natural or non-natural structure mimetics of carbohydrates and any of their combinations.
  • the arrays of carbohydrate molecules are (should be named) glycoarrays and the platform (matrixes) which bear glycoarrays are (should be named) glycochips.
  • the invention described here applies microarray analysis to the next level of complexity namely carbohydrates (or glycans).
  • glycome refers to all glycans expressed in a cell and represents the next level of increasing biological complexity. This is due to the fact that the chemical structure of the monosaccharide bond allows two possible linkages and the formation of branched structures, as apposed to nucleotides and proteins which form only linear polymers and have only one basic type of linkage. As a result, the structural complexity of glycans is several orders of magnitude greater than proteins and DNA (Lis, European Journal of Biochemistry 218 (1993), 1 -27; Laine, Glycobiology 4 (1994), 1017-1023).
  • a common feature of protein glycosylation is that at any given glycosylation site on a given protein, synthesized by a particular cell type, a range of variations can be found in the structure of the glycan. These minor glycosylation variants are referred to as microheterogeneities.
  • a given glycoprotein can exist in numerous glycoforms, i.e. different molecular forms of a glycoprotein resulting from variable glycan structure and/or glycan attachment site occupancy.
  • the origin of this microheterogeneity lies in the dynamics of the sequential nature of the glycosylation process. Microheterogeneity is typically analyzed using traditional gel electrophoresis and comparing the number of diffuseness of the bands.
  • the glycoarrays of the present invention make it possible to investigate the interaction of all possible types of glycans with their natural or non-natural ligands.
  • one of the aims of the present invention is to mimic natural "sugar” coating that exists on biological surfaces in order to allow the analysis of ever more intricate biological interactions.
  • the glycoarray is designed so as to have variable glycan densities, i.e. sub-saturating densities of glycan.
  • Glycan densities could be varied from slightly 0 above to 100% or near 100%.
  • the local density on the micron scale could be modulated by immobilizing subsaturating amounts of nanomaterials, i.e. dend mers and the like, of known size and with known, variable glycan densities to provide locally high surface densities while maintaining a low surface concentration.
  • glycan gradients could be created over the glycoarray, each discrete spot having a constant surface concentration to provide a strategy for screening density dependency. Alternatively, gradients could be made over each individual discrete region.
  • the surface density could be further controlled by synthesizing multiple repeats of the same oligosaccharide or any combination thereof.
  • the glycoarray contains two or more glycans coimmobilized on the support.
  • this can be done by immobilizing multimers composed of oligosaccharide units of variable unit composition and linked together as linear chains, as branched chains, with natural biopolymers, with synthetic polymers, as dendhmers, rosettes, star-fish or any combination thereof. Up until about a decade ago only a few human lectins had been identified.
  • lectin refers to a protein that specifically recognizes and binds to glycans without catalyzing a modification of the glycan.
  • Preparation of glycoarrays or glycochips includes the attachment of optimally designed molecules of type (1) onto the surface of the solid support, preferably onto the surface of the sensing elements, via interaction of group X in (1) and of X- recognizing molecules being covalently linked to the surface of the solid support or sensing elements.
  • Methods for the preparation of chemical derivatives and analogues of glycans are well known to those skilled in the art and are described in, for example, Beilstein, Handbook of Organic Chemistry, Springer edition New York Inc., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 U.S.A. and Organic Synthesis, Wiley, New York, USA.
  • FIG. 1 The detection limit of carbohydrate ligands on the surface of glycochips might be very small (low) and depends on the used visualization technology.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show the revealing of A t ⁇ -l ⁇ gands on the surface of glycochip sensibihzed with a series of glycoconjugates of type (3) by using of the combination of mouse monoclonal A9 antibodies (ant ⁇ -A t ⁇ ) with ant ⁇ -mouse-Cy5 conjugate (Fig 1) or anti-mouse-alkaline phosphatase (AP) conjugate (Fig. 2).
  • the second protocol permits reliable detection of much smaller amounts of glycan ligand. Revealing of glycan ligands under these protocols is not accompanied by nonspecific events.
  • Figures 1 and 2 also show the absence of tracing with A9 antibodies (anti-A tn ) for the chip spots containing B tn -PAA-Biotin conjugate of type (3) which in turn can be revealed with B16 antibodies (anti-B t ⁇ ) as it is shown on the Fig. 3.
  • Sensitivity of glycan assaying by using of glycochips depends also on the structural characteristics of glycan of type (1) employed in the design of glycoarrays. Structure of glycans determine the spatial presentation of glycan ligand which is important for better recognition.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of producing the above described glycoarrays and glycochips comprising immobilization of a glycan derived molecule as defined above on a solid support and preferably on a sensing surface.
  • This can be achieved by either arraying premade, preferably purified, glycans onto the support, by assembling glycans directly on the support, or by modifying, preferably enzymatically premade glycans before immobilization or by modifying, preferably enzymatically, already immobilized glycans.
  • the sensing surface is coated with streptavidin or with a derivative thereof and the immobilization of the glycan is achieved via biotin or a derivative thereof.
  • the sensing surface of XNA on GoldTM can be used except that XNA is replaced by the carbohydrate derived molecule.
  • the glycoarrays according to the present invention can be used to probe the biological activity of biomolecules. This is performed by analyzing the binding pattern of a given biomolecule on the glycoarray which reveals the saccharide binding specificity, thus probing the functionality of the biomolecule. This information is compared with the expected binding pattern if this is known. Alternatively, the entire glycoarray binding pattern or "fingerprint” can be compared using normal or wild type standard glycoarray "fingerprint” of the same molecule. This comparative approach has been shown to be very useful when studying complex multiparameter systems (Todd, et al., 1998 Tibtech 16: 250-258; Lundstrom, et al., 1991 Nature 352: 47-50).
  • Glycoanalysis is a laborious process involving a combination of chemical and enzymatic cleavages followed by mass spectrometric analysis (Bierman, et al. 1989 Analysis of carbohydrates by GLC and MS; Hounsell, ed. 1993. Glycoprotein analysis in biomedicine. Methods in Mol. Biol., vol. 14 Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey).
  • a wide range of techniques are used to analyze and sequence glycans including derivatization, metabolic labeling, use of endo- and exoglycosidases, composition analyses, various forms of glycan release and chromatographic separation, chemical methods for linkage position analysis, and ultimately to mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopic methods for complete sequence determination.
  • Glycosylation and glycobiology have been studied in a number of model organisms including yeast, dictostelium, C. elegans, sea urchins, drosophila and xenopus (Kukuruzinska, et al., 1987 Annu. Rev. Biochem 56: 915-944; Kuwabara, 1997 Trends in Genetics 13: 455-460; Alves, et al., 1998 Glycobiology 8: 939-946).
  • Each system has advantages and disadvantages. However all these simple organisms suffer from one major drawback, they do not display the complex genetics, development and behavior critical for understanding the role glycans play in higher organisms.
  • glycoarray according to the present invention is the ability to assay the same interaction in multiplicity under essentially identical conditions, making statistical analysis of the natural variation possible. Furthermore, analytically identical glycan samples as well as natural microheterogeneous glycoconjugates could be arrayed to test and define glycan variation in biological relevant terms, i.e. correlated to a binding activity.
  • the present invention relates to a method for discriminating complex biological samples using a glycoarray or glycochip of the present invention preferably in which constituents bound to the glycoarray are determined by label or non-label detection systems.
  • determining in this context refers to quantitative or qualitative analysis of a species via, for example, spectroscopy, ellipsometry, piezoelectric measurement, immunoassay, and the like.
  • Detection can be achieved using any one of a number of techniques well known to the person skilled in the art including time resolved fluorescence, fluorescence, radiolabel, chemiluminescence, interferometry, luminescence, or FRET based systems (Kessier ed. 1992 Nonradioactive labeling and detection of biomolecules Spring Verlag, Berlin).
  • a label detection system employs fluorescence, chemiluminescence, bioluminescence or epifluorescence or a non-label detection system comp ⁇ ses measuring the increase in mass or thickness on the surface of the glycoarray.
  • said surface mass increase detection techniques are selected from but not limited to the group consisting of quartz crystal microbalances, optoaucostics, reflectometry, ellipsometry, SAW, surface plasmon resonance, mass spectrometry, capacitive and amperometric techniques.
  • the glycan or glycoconjugate is directly immobilized to the solid support, the target binding is detected using any one of a number of fluorescence based assay techniques well known to the person skilled in the art.
  • said detection is performed in imaging mode with a CCD camera or a scanning based device.
  • Scanning probe microscopy immunoassay is described for example in WO92/15709.
  • glycoarrays and glycochips are useful and indispensable tools for assaying of glycan recognition of different types including that ones which can be applied in the development of a variety of diagnostics of health states.
  • Glycan recognizing molecules include: labeled and non-labeled antibodies, selectins, bacterial and viral adhesins and other lectins, carbohydrate processing enzymes (f.ex. glycosyl-, sulfo-, acyl-transferases, glycosidases, etc.), carbohydrates which participate in carbohydrate-glycan interactions and the like.
  • glycosides and glycosyltransferases can be used also in the experiments with different cells and their fragments including, but not limited to, microorganisms, bacteria and viruses containing the listed above glycan recognizing molecules and any other glycan binding sites.
  • the described glycoarrays and glycochips can be used for development of a variety of diagnostics of health states.
  • Such assays preferably are based on biological binding between the glycan immobilized on the support and a molecule to be captured.
  • biological binding refers to the interaction between a corresponding pair of molecules, i.e. binding partners, that exhibit mutual affinity or binding capacity, typically specific or non-specific binding or interaction, including biochemical, physiological, and/or pharmaceutical interactions.
  • Biological binding defines a type of interaction, preferably by recognition regions, that occurs between pairs of molecules including proteins, nucleic acids, glycoproteins, carbohydrates, hormones and the like.
  • Specific examples include antibody/antigen, antibody/hapten, enzyme/substrate, enzyme/inhibitor, enzyme/cofactor, binding protein/substrate, carrier protein/substrate, lectin/carbohydrate, receptor/hormone, receptor/effector, complementary strands of nucleic acid, protein/nucleic acid repressor/inducer, ligand/cell surface receptor, virus/ligand, etc.
  • non-specific binding refers to interaction between any species, present in a medium from which a target or biological molecule is desirably captured, and a binding partner or other species immobilized at a surface, other than desired biological binding between the biological molecule and the binding partner.
  • binding partner refers to a molecule that can undergo biological binding with a particular biological molecule. For example, Protein A is a binding partner of the biological molecule IgG, and vice versa.
  • recognition region refers to an area of a binding partner that recognizes a corresponding biological molecule and that facilitates biological binding with the molecule, and also refers to the corresponding region on the biological molecule. Recognition regions are typified by sequences of amino acids, molecular domains that promote van der Waals interactions, areas of corresponding molecules that interact physically as a molecular “lock and key", and the like. Glycans and glycoconjugates have been shown to have numerous biological activities e.g.
  • carbohydrate binding proteins such as selectins are believed to play a critical role in immune responses including inflammation (Springer, Nature 349 (1991 ), 196-197; Philips, Science 250 (1990), 1 130-32) and as a modifier of the activity, stability and biological activity of proteins, and as immunogenic substances which have potential for vaccination against different diseases.
  • An extensive literature has been developed during the last few years in this field (Montreuil, Glycoproteins and Disease (1996), Gabius, Glycoscience (1997)).
  • Specific carbohydrate ligands have been identified and have been used to control inflammation, immunosuppression, etc.
  • Alzheimer's disease (Goedert, Nature 383 (1997), 550-553), bronchial asthma (Hitata, Am. J. Resp. Cell Mol. Biol. 18 (1998), 12-20), acute respiratory distress, shock, trauma and sepsis (Lowe, J. Clin. Invest. 99 (1997), 822-826) and cystis fibrosis (Mawhinney, Carbohydrate Research 235 (1992), 179-197; Imundo, PNAS 92 (1995), 3019-3023).
  • the present invention also relates to a method of diagnosing a disease comprising contacting a sample from a subject with the glycoarray or glycochip of the invention.
  • the method comprises any one of the afore-described methods for discriminating complex biological samples, in particular the described label or non-label detection systems.
  • any sample can be analyzed in accordance with the methods of the present invention.
  • the sample is preferably derived from a human or animal, tissue or bodily fluid, selected from the group consisting of blood, serum, urine, milk, sweat, exhaled air, skin, bone marrow, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, amniotic fluid and lymphatic fluid.
  • the disease that may be analyzed in accordance with the method of the present invention can be any disease which is related to the presence or absence of carbohydrate binding molecules, normally proteins or processing enzymes and comprise diseases selected from the group consisting of genetic disorders, autoimmune diseases, arthritis, infectious diseases, cancer, heart disease, drug abuse HIV, BSE and lung disease.
  • the samples to be analyzed can be discriminated by correlating the values from the entire array using for example pattern recognition and compared to a reference sample. This increases the speed and reduces the time required to perform assays, thereby reducing costs, all of which are objects of this invention.
  • the glycoarrays and glycochips are used in combination with neural network analysis as a diagnostic tool to discriminate complex samples, such as serum samples.
  • complex samples such as serum samples.
  • the ubiquitous presence of glycan binding molecules in all living organisms provides a nearly universal means for identification of complex biological samples.
  • the complex biosynthetic pathways used to synthesize these glycan binding molecules are effected by subtle changes in their environment. These changes lead to a series of complex global modifications in the composition and thereby the structure of the glycan binding molecules.
  • altered glycosylation pattern is a feature common to all types of cancer cells and a number of glycan structures are well-studied markers for tumor progression (Feizi, Nature 314 (1985), 54-57; Dennis, CRC Press (1992), 161-194). Many of the original "tumor-specific" antibodies were directed against carbohydrate epitopes.
  • Glycosylation can be altered in many ways including altered branching of N-glycans (Fukuda, Cancer Research 56 (1996), 2237-2244; Taniguchi, Glycobiology 6 (1996), 691-694), changes in the amount, linkage and acetylation of sialic acid residues (Dennis, Nature 300 (1982), 274-276; Yamashita, Cancer Research 55 (1995), 1675-1679), altered glycosaminoglycans (Lesley, Glycoconjugate 14 (1997), 611 -622), modified mucin glycosilation (Bhavanandan, Glycobiology 1 (1991 ), 493-503; Taylor-Papadimitriou, Immunology Today 18 (1997), 105-107), altered Lewis structures (Nakamori, Dis.
  • Neoplasia involves alterations in gene expression that dramatically alter the growth, invasion and metastasizing capabilities of cells.
  • the highly selective glycosylation changes seen in tumor cells that survive the selection process indicates that glycosylation plays a crucial role in these processes. Understanding these processes is of great medical importance since invasion and metastasis is the most common cause of death in cancer patients.
  • cellular heterogeneity in tumors and inherent genetic instability make it difficult to determine the functional consequences of specific glycosylation changes in such complex systems.
  • This invention takes advantage of this diversity in order to increase the amount of information that can be obtained, for example instead of quantitating the exact amount of a particular compound that has bound to a specific glycan molecule as may be routinely done in conventional diagnostics.
  • An additional object of the invention is the ability of the assay to take advantage of as yet unidentified recognition capabilities present on biomolecules for glycan molecules. These unidentified recognition elements will provide information that allow the discrimination of samples with unprecedented accuracy and presently not possible with any other diagnostic assay strategy. This complex interplay provides a wealth of data which, due to the rapid development in computer technology and signal processing techniques, can be rapidly analyzed. Moreover, the ability of glycoarrays will grow dramatically as more biomolecules are tested in the assay and their unknown recognition functions become evident.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of diagnosing the general state of health comprising any one of the above-described methods of the invention, preferably wherein a signal pattern is generated which is diagnostic of a particular state of health, said sample is a patient sample and said standard is the pattern present in a representative part of the population.
  • the general state of health can be any relevant physiological condition which is a main amenable to diagnosis.
  • said general state of health can be selected from common mild ailments and/or health conditions with diffuse symptoms, consisting of high blood pressure, pregnancy, common colds, injuries, inflammatory reactions, mild immune suppression, doping, altitude sickness, space sickness chronic fatigue syndrome, and effects of low level toxic chemical or radiation exposure, menstrual cycles and subclinical infections.
  • bacteria and intestinal parasites mediate the sugar specific adherence of the organisms to epithelial cells and thus facilitate infection.
  • amoeba mediate the sugar specific adherence of the organisms to epithelial cells and thus facilitate infection.
  • Viruses such as influenza virus (myxovirus) and Sendia virus (paramyxovirus) use a haemagglutonin protein that binds sialic acid containing receptors on the surface of target cells to initiate the virus-cell interaction (Paulsson, J.C.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of identifying an organism, said method comprising any one of the above described methods, wherein a signal pattern is generated that is unique to a particular organism, said sample is a biological sample from a particular organism and said standard is the pattern normally found in that organism.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of the glycoarrays for prodiagnostic and diagnostic screening, as well as for detection of biological warfare agents and to their use for screening for binders and to test these as antimicrobial agents.
  • glycoarrays would be for use in veterinary science for use in areas such as identification of animal species, health testing, pro-diagnostic and diagnostic disease, use as therapeutic agents, and the like.
  • the glycoarray of the present invention can be used in the field of plant biology.
  • glycans are used extensively for structural integrity, i.e. the cell wall, as well for the purposes described above (Showalter, Plant Cell 5 (1993), 9- 23).
  • the cell wall is a source of small glycans that are used to signal patterning and morphogenesis, i.e. mammalian equivalent to hormones, as well as to signal pathogen invasion which activates a signaling cascade that turns on defense genes.
  • Defensive oligosaccharides have between 4 and 20 saccharide residues (Hahn, Ann. Rev. Phytopath. 34 (1996), 387-412).
  • Glycans also serve an important role in the symbiotic relationship between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and plants (Lerouge, Nature 344 (1990), 781-784; Rohrig, Science 269 (1995), 841 -843). Complex plant glycans have been shown to be highly immunogenic in mammals, with the potential for inducing allergic responses (Fitchette-Laine, Plant Journal 12 (1997), 1411- 1417).
  • an additional preferred embodiment of the invention in the field of plant science is the characterization of potentially allergenic compounds, analysis of plant signaling compounds as tools for studying plant biology and development, as pro- diagnostic state-of-health markers, for diagnosing plant infections and for analysis of glycoconjugates produced in plants including natural compounds and those introduced by natural plant breeding or of genetically engineered plants.
  • glycoarrays, glycochips and methods of the present invention can be extended to a wide range of applications that require complex sample discrimination including but not limited to identification of diseases, identification of changes caused by the disease itself in the host (including but not limited to human, animal, plants and microorganisms).
  • Complex samples containing biological material and/or degradation products including but not limited to such as food stuffs like beverages, dry foods, and the like (including but not limited to quality control, for detection of unwanted microbial growth, freshness, physical damage), as well as the control of environmental samples for microbial flora (including but not limited to microbial content and composition), pollutants and their breakdown products in air, soil and water samples.
  • This strategy and assays based on it could also be used for monitoring fermentation processes, including but not limited to yogurt, beer, wine and the like, broths, as well as in fermentation processes in which products are produced such as biological compounds produced by microbial processes, such as insulin from genetically engineered bacteria and the like, as well as condiments made for seasoning and the like, as well fermentation processes used in the production of animal food stuffs.
  • glycochips A further valuable field of application for glycochips is drug discovery where they can be used in test systems for high throughput screening (HTPS) of inhibitors of glycan mediated processes and selected glycan recognizing cells and their fragments and for many other purposes.
  • HTPS high throughput screening
  • the present invention relates to a kit comprising a glycoarray or glycochip of the invention, and optionally suitable means for the detection such a those described above.
  • the kit of the invention may contain any one of the above-described glycoarrays and glycochips and further ingredients such as buffers, means for performing fluorescent or chemiluminiscent assays and other components for performing an appropriate assay.
  • the kit of the present invention may advantageously be used for carrying out any one of the above-described methods and could be employed in a variety of applications, e.g., in the diagnostic field or as research tool.
  • the parts of the kit of the invention can be packaged individually in foley, etc. or in combination in containers or multicontainer units. Manufacture of the kit follows preferably standard procedures which are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the present invention relates to the use of any one of the above- described glycoarrays and glycochips for a diagnostic assay or preferably a diagnostic assay as described with respect to a method of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 Revealing of A tn -ligands on the surface of glycochip sensibilized with a series of glycoconjugates of type (3) at different concentrations by using of combination of mouse monoclonal A9 antibodies (anti-A t ⁇ ) and anti-mouse-Cy5 conjugate. Absence of non-specific tracing is shown on the example of the spots sensibilized with B t ⁇ -PAA-Biotin conjugate. ""Concentration of glycan ligand in solution used for sensibilization of the chip.
  • Figure 2 Revealing of A t ⁇ -ligands on the surface of glycochip covered with a series of glycoconjugates of type (3) at different concentrations by using of the combination of mouse monoclonal A9 antibodies (anti-A tn ) and anti-mouse-AP conjugate. Absence of non-specific tracing is shown on the example of the spots sensibilized with B tn -PAA-Biotin conjugate.
  • Figure 3 Revealing of B tr ⁇ -ligands on the surface of glycochip covered with a series of glycoconjugates of type (3) at different concentrations by using of the combination of mouse monoclonal B16 antibodies (anti-B tr ⁇ ) and anti-mouse-AP conjugate. Absence of non-specific tracing is shown on the example of the spots sensibilized with A t ⁇ -PAA-Biotin conjugate.
  • Figure 5 Revealing of B t ⁇ - ligands on the surface of treated and non-treated with ⁇ - galactosidase glycochip sensibilized with B t ⁇ -PAA-Biotin conjugates (type 3) by using of the combination of mouse monoclonal B16 antibodies (anti-B tn ) and anti- mouse-AP conjugate.
  • the examples illustrate the invention.
  • Streptavidin coated chips XNA on GoldTM were purchased from Interactiva, Germany or prepared according to Example 1 of WO97/49989 and incubated with the solutions of biotinylated glycoconjugates of types (2) and (3) in PBS (5mM - 150nM, 1 ⁇ l per spot) for 60 min at 37°C. After incubation glycochips formed were washed twice with PBS containing 0.1 % Tween (washing buffer).
  • Example 1 Glycochips were incubated with excess volume of A9 mAbs (anti-A t ⁇ ) (dilution 1 :10 in PBS with 0.3% BSA) for 90 min at 37°C and washed twice with washing buffer. To visualize bounded antibodies glycochips were incubated with Cy5-labelled anti-mouse antibodies (1 :500) for 60 min at 37°C and washed twice with washing buffer. Fluorescence was measured by Fluorescent Image Analyzer FLA-200 (Fujifilm).
  • Example 2 Glycochips were incubated with excess volume of A9 mAbs (anti-A ⁇ ) (dilution 1 :10 in PBS with 0.3% BSA) for 90 min at 37°C and washed twice with washing buffer. To visualize bounded antibodies glycochips were incubated with anti-mouse antibodies-AP conjugate(1 :10 000 in PBS with 0.3% BSA) for 60 min at 37°C and washed twice with washing buffer. Then 1 ⁇ l of ECF substrate was added per spot and after incubation for 5 min the fluorescence was measured by Fluorescent Image Analyzer FLA-200 (Fujifilm).
  • PBS- phosphate buffer solution pH7.4
  • BSA bovine serum albumin
  • AP alkaline phosphatase
  • mAbs - monoclonal antibodies PBS- phosphate buffer solution, pH7.4
  • BSA bovine serum albumin
  • AP alkaline phosphatase
  • mAbs - monoclonal antibodies PBS- phosphate buffer solution, pH7.4
  • BSA bovine serum albumin
  • AP alkaline phosphatase
  • mAbs monoclonal antibodies.

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Abstract

La présente invention porte sur des matrices d'éléments de détection distincts de glycanes (glycomatrices), les glycanes étant immobilisées sur un support solide (glycopuces). La présente invention porte également sur un procédé de production de ces glycomatrices qui consiste à immobiliser une glycane, de préférence, sur la surface de détection enrobée d'une streptavidine par l'intermédiaire d'une biotine ou de son dérivé. La présente invention porte, de plus, sur l'utilisation de ces glycomatrices qui permettent de distinguer des échantillons biologiques complexes, diagnostiquer une maladie ayant une corrélation avec la présence ou l'absence de molécules de liaison glycanes, ainsi que sur des procédés d'identification d'un organisme par génération d'un type de signal provenant d'un échantillon biologique et indiquant la présence ou l'absence d'un organisme particulier. La présente invention porte aussi sur un kit comprenant la glycomatrice utile dans des méthodes diagnostiques.
PCT/EP2000/011975 1999-11-29 2000-11-29 Matrices de molecules glycanes (glycomatrices) sur la surface de biopuces (glycopuces) et leurs utilisations WO2001040796A2 (fr)

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DE10155693A1 (de) * 2001-11-07 2003-05-15 Florian Schweigert Verfahren zum Nachweis von apathogenen Partikeln und deren pathogenen Varianten im Organismus
DE10155692A1 (de) * 2001-11-07 2003-05-22 Florian Schweigert Verfahren zum Nachweis von endogenen und exogenen Stoffen im Organismus
WO2005088310A2 (fr) * 2004-03-05 2005-09-22 The Scripps Research Institute Jeux ordonnes de microechantillons de glycanes a haut rendement
WO2006068758A2 (fr) * 2004-11-19 2006-06-29 The Scripps Research Institute Detection, prevention et traitement du cancer du sein
EP1731540A1 (fr) * 2004-03-31 2006-12-13 Sumitomo Bakelite Company, Limited Particule polymere
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EP2145895A1 (fr) * 2008-07-08 2010-01-20 Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Processus de fabrication de glycochips
WO2012028697A1 (fr) 2010-09-01 2012-03-08 Eth Zürich, Institute Of Molecular Biology And Biophysics Système de purification par affinité sur la base d'une complémentation de brin de donneur
US8168396B2 (en) 2009-05-11 2012-05-01 Diabetomics, Llc Methods for detecting pre-diabetes and diabetes using differential protein glycosylation
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US8637473B2 (en) 2004-03-22 2014-01-28 Kode Biotech Limited Synthetic membrane anchors
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US10858384B2 (en) 2004-03-22 2020-12-08 Kode Biotech Limited Synthetic molecule constructs
CN114594253A (zh) * 2020-12-03 2022-06-07 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 一种用于筛选糖结合蛋白竞争性抑制剂的糖芯片的方法
CN117233395A (zh) * 2023-09-28 2023-12-15 上海交通大学 基于液体单向整流的快速诊断芯片及其制造方法

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WO1994024561A1 (fr) * 1993-04-19 1994-10-27 Kurt Nilsson Biodettecteur contenant un glucide immobilise

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10155693A1 (de) * 2001-11-07 2003-05-15 Florian Schweigert Verfahren zum Nachweis von apathogenen Partikeln und deren pathogenen Varianten im Organismus
WO2003040729A2 (fr) * 2001-11-07 2003-05-15 Florian Schweigert Procede de detection de particules apathogenes et de leurs variantes pathogenes et/ou pathognostiques dans l'organisme
DE10155692A1 (de) * 2001-11-07 2003-05-22 Florian Schweigert Verfahren zum Nachweis von endogenen und exogenen Stoffen im Organismus
WO2003040729A3 (fr) * 2001-11-07 2004-04-01 Florian Schweigert Procede de detection de particules apathogenes et de leurs variantes pathogenes et/ou pathognostiques dans l'organisme
US7592150B2 (en) 2003-12-03 2009-09-22 Glycominds, Ltd Method for diagnosing diseases based on levels of anti-glycan antibodies
US7608414B2 (en) 2003-12-03 2009-10-27 Glycominds, Ltd Method for diagnosing and prognosing inflammatory bowel disease and crohn's disease
WO2005088310A3 (fr) * 2004-03-05 2005-11-24 Scripps Research Inst Jeux ordonnes de microechantillons de glycanes a haut rendement
WO2005088310A2 (fr) * 2004-03-05 2005-09-22 The Scripps Research Institute Jeux ordonnes de microechantillons de glycanes a haut rendement
US10858384B2 (en) 2004-03-22 2020-12-08 Kode Biotech Limited Synthetic molecule constructs
US10414786B2 (en) 2004-03-22 2019-09-17 Kode Biotech Limited Synthetic membrane anchors
US8637473B2 (en) 2004-03-22 2014-01-28 Kode Biotech Limited Synthetic membrane anchors
US9809614B2 (en) 2004-03-22 2017-11-07 Kode Biotech Limited Synthetic membrane anchors
US9353349B2 (en) 2004-03-22 2016-05-31 Kode Biotech Limited Synthetic membrane anchors
EP1731540A1 (fr) * 2004-03-31 2006-12-13 Sumitomo Bakelite Company, Limited Particule polymere
EP1731540A4 (fr) * 2004-03-31 2011-03-02 Sumitomo Bakelite Co Particule polymere
US7985874B2 (en) 2004-03-31 2011-07-26 Sumitomo Bakelite Company, Ltd. Polymer particle
WO2006068758A2 (fr) * 2004-11-19 2006-06-29 The Scripps Research Institute Detection, prevention et traitement du cancer du sein
WO2006068758A3 (fr) * 2004-11-19 2007-04-05 Scripps Research Inst Detection, prevention et traitement du cancer du sein
US8183214B2 (en) 2005-09-21 2012-05-22 Kode Biotech Limited Cell surface coating with hyaluronic acid oligomer derivative
JP2010019837A (ja) * 2008-07-08 2010-01-28 Yamatake Corp 糖鎖チップの製造方法
EP2145895A1 (fr) * 2008-07-08 2010-01-20 Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Processus de fabrication de glycochips
US8530175B2 (en) 2009-05-11 2013-09-10 Diabetomics, Llc Methods for detecting pre-diabetes and diabetes using differential protein glycosylation
US8497077B2 (en) 2009-05-11 2013-07-30 Diabetomics, Llc Methods for detecting pre-diabetes and diabetes using differential protein glycosylation
US8497076B2 (en) 2009-05-11 2013-07-30 Diabetomics, Llc Methods for detecting pre-diabetes and diabetes using differential protein glycosylation
US8168396B2 (en) 2009-05-11 2012-05-01 Diabetomics, Llc Methods for detecting pre-diabetes and diabetes using differential protein glycosylation
WO2012028697A1 (fr) 2010-09-01 2012-03-08 Eth Zürich, Institute Of Molecular Biology And Biophysics Système de purification par affinité sur la base d'une complémentation de brin de donneur
WO2014114802A1 (fr) 2013-01-25 2014-07-31 Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Méthodes de diagnostic génétique prénatal non invasives
CN114594253A (zh) * 2020-12-03 2022-06-07 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 一种用于筛选糖结合蛋白竞争性抑制剂的糖芯片的方法
CN117233395A (zh) * 2023-09-28 2023-12-15 上海交通大学 基于液体单向整流的快速诊断芯片及其制造方法

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