WO2001037791A2 - Verwendung von alkyl- und/oder alkenyloligoglykosid-fettsäureestern als pigmentdispergator - Google Patents
Verwendung von alkyl- und/oder alkenyloligoglykosid-fettsäureestern als pigmentdispergator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001037791A2 WO2001037791A2 PCT/EP2000/011856 EP0011856W WO0137791A2 WO 2001037791 A2 WO2001037791 A2 WO 2001037791A2 EP 0011856 W EP0011856 W EP 0011856W WO 0137791 A2 WO0137791 A2 WO 0137791A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- alkyl
- esters
- fatty
- carbon atoms
- Prior art date
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- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000003702 sterols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940032091 stigmasterol Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 235000016831 stigmasterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BFDNMXAIBMJLBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N stigmasterol Natural products CCC(C=CC(C)C1CCCC2C3CC=C4CC(O)CCC4(C)C3CCC12C)C(C)C BFDNMXAIBMJLBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARCJQKUWGAZPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene oxide Chemical compound O1C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ARCJQKUWGAZPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001629 stilbenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000005555 sulfoximide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CXVGEDCSTKKODG-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulisobenzone Chemical compound C1=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C(OC)=CC(O)=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CXVGEDCSTKKODG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000106 sweat gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940116411 terpineol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OULAJFUGPPVRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetratriacontan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO OULAJFUGPPVRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002663 thioctic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- AQWHMKSIVLSRNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-Octadec-5-ensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCC(O)=O AQWHMKSIVLSRNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QURCVMIEKCOAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-isoferulic acid Natural products COC1=CC=C(C=CC(O)=O)C=C1O QURCVMIEKCOAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LOIYMIARKYCTBW-OWOJBTEDSA-N trans-urocanic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CNC=N1 LOIYMIARKYCTBW-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LOIYMIARKYCTBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-urocanic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CNC=N1 LOIYMIARKYCTBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001069 triethyl citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl citrate Natural products CCOC(=O)C(O)(C(=O)OCC)C(=O)OCC VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013769 triethyl citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- FQAZRHVERGEKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropan-2-yl 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)OC(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)C FQAZRHVERGEKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODHUFJLMXDXVRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropyl 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)OCCC)CC(=O)OCCC ODHUFJLMXDXVRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940040064 ubiquinol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QNTNKSLOFHEFPK-UPTCCGCDSA-N ubiquinol-10 Chemical compound COC1=C(O)C(C)=C(C\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CCC=C(C)C)C(O)=C1OC QNTNKSLOFHEFPK-UPTCCGCDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940035936 ubiquinone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940057402 undecyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940116269 uric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- WXETUDXXEZHSCS-MAVITOTKSA-N vertofix coeur Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(C(/CC3)=C\C(C)=O)[C@@H]3C(C)(C)[C@@H]1C2 WXETUDXXEZHSCS-MAVITOTKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010679 vetiver oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003754 zirconium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N β-Carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/34—Higher-molecular-weight carboxylic acid esters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q1/00—Make-up preparations; Body powders; Preparations for removing make-up
- A61Q1/02—Preparations containing skin colorants, e.g. pigments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K8/044—Suspensions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K8/06—Emulsions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/60—Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K8/604—Alkylpolyglycosides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. esters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q17/00—Barrier preparations; Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences, e.g. sunlight, X-rays or other harmful rays, corrosive materials, bacteria or insect stings
- A61Q17/04—Topical preparations for affording protection against sunlight or other radiation; Topical sun tanning preparations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D17/00—Pigment pastes, e.g. for mixing in paints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/56—Glucosides; Mucilage; Saponins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
- A61K2800/42—Colour properties
- A61K2800/43—Pigments; Dyes
Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycoside fatty acid esters as pigment dispersants for the production of cosmetic and / or pharmaceutical preparations.
- Preparations in the field of decorative cosmetics usually contain a large number of pigments which are used in hydrophilic or lipophilic solvents, such as e.g. Water or vegetable oils, which are only sufficiently soluble, is desirable to improve the dispersibility of these pigments and thus a finer distribution in known systems, such as, for example, emulsions of the water-in-oil or oil-in-water type.
- hydrophilic or lipophilic solvents such as e.g. Water or vegetable oils, which are only sufficiently soluble
- the object of the invention was therefore to provide means which make it possible to produce both O / W or W / O emulsions and solid preparations in the field of decorative cosmetics in which the pigments are better dispersed and so that they are more finely divided.
- such preparations should have good dermatological compatibility and ensure good storage stability.
- the invention relates to the use of alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycoside fatty acid esters as pigment dispersants for the production of cosmetic and / or pharmaceutical preparations.
- alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycoside fatty acid esters are able to improve the dispersibility of pigments both in the oil and in the water phase, and thus the pigments in such systems are more finely divided than in the prior art.
- these preparations such as lipsticks, eye shadows, make-up, sunscreens and the like, have sufficient dermatological tolerances and high storage stability.
- esters of alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides and fatty acids which are hereinafter referred to briefly as “glycoside esters”, are known from the prior art. Although they are usually methylglucoside esters, they are also the preparation of the esters with higher fatty acids is carried out in a manner known per se, ie by alkaline-catalyzed esterification of the starting materials, which are explained in more detail below. Usually, technical mixtures of products with different degrees of substitution are obtained during the esterification. However, mono- and in particular diesters or their technical mixtures are preferred as Dispersants in amounts of 1 to 10, preferably 4 to 6 wt .-% - based on the final concentration - used.
- Alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides are known nonionic surfactants which follow the formula (I)
- R 1 is an alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 4 to 22 carbon atoms
- G is a sugar radical having 5 or 6 carbon atoms
- p is a number from 1 to 10.
- the alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides can be derived from aldoses or ketoses with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably glucose.
- the preferred alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides are thus alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglucosides.
- the index number p in the general formula (I) indicates the degree of oligomerization (DP), ie the distribution of mono- and oligoglycosides, and stands for a number between 1 and 10.
- Alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides with an average degree of oligomerization p of 1.1 to 3.0 are preferably used. From an application point of view, preference is given to those alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides whose degree of oligomerization is less than 1.7 and in particular between 1.2 and 1.4.
- the alkyl or alkenyl radical R 1 can be derived from primary alcohols having 4 to 11, preferably 8 to 10, carbon atoms. Typical examples are butanol, capro alcohol, caprylic alcohol, cap alcohol and undecyl alcohol and their technical mixtures, such as are obtained, for example, in the hydrogenation of technical fatty acid methyl esters or in the course of the hydrogenation of aldehydes from Roelen's oxosynthesis.
- the alkyl or alkenyl radical R 1 can also be derived from primary alcohols having 12 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, carbon atoms.
- Typical examples are lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol, petroselinyl alcohol, arachyl alcohol, gadoleyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol, brassidyl alcohol and their technical mixtures, which can be obtained as described above.
- Alkyl oligoglucosides based on hardened Ci2 / i4 coconut alcohol with a DP of 1 to 3 are preferred.
- Fatty acids are understood to mean aliphatic or aromatic, mono- or polyvalent, optionally hydroxy-functionalized fatty acids of the formula (II)
- R 2 CO represents a linear or branched acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms.
- Fatty acids of the formula (II) are preferably used, in which R 2 CO represents a linear acyl radical having 16 to 18 carbon atoms.
- Typical examples are monofatty acids such as caproic acid, caprylic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, isotridecanoic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmoleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, aracholeic acid, araoleic acid acid, elaoleic acid acid, elaoleic acid acid as well as their technical mixtures.
- Palmitic acid and stearic acid are particularly preferred. acid and / or oleic acid.
- monofatty acids corresponding C ⁇ -Ci ⁇ difatty acids can also be used, so that adipic acid and dodecanedioic acid are also suitable.
- hydroxy-functionalized polyvalent fatty acids can also be used, such as, for example, hydroxystearic acid.
- pigments is to be understood as solids which are neither in hydrophilic nor in lipophilic solvents such as e.g. Water or vegetable oils are sufficiently soluble under normal conditions.
- Typical examples of pigments which are suitable for the purposes of the present invention are all types of dyes, as are preferably used in the field of decorative cosmetics, for example for the formulation of solid preparations such as lipsticks, powders, eye shadows, but also liquid or pasty formulations such as nail varnishes, sunscreens, tinting creams, make-up, wound protection creams and the like are used.
- Typical examples of suitable color pigments are talc, zinc oxide, kaolin, titanium dioxide, iron oxides, chromium oxides, ultramarine, manganese violet, bismuth oxychloride, mica, mica coated with titanium dioxide and fish silver.
- An overview of this topic, which also contains exemplary formulations for decorative cosmetics, can be found in "Cosmetics” (ed. W. Umbach), Thieme Verlag, 1995, pp. 311-315.
- the use is not only in the area of cosmetics Preparations limited, but applies very generally, for example also for the production of emulsion paints, in which color pigments such as titanium dioxide have to be dispersed in.
- the pigments are preferably used in amounts of 1 to 10, in particular 4 to 6% by weight, based on the use concentration - used.
- the cosmetic and / or pharmaceutical preparations which contain the glycoside esters according to the invention can also contain, as further auxiliaries and additives, mild surfactants, oil bodies, emulsifiers, superfatting agents, pearlescent waxes, consistency agents, thickeners, polymers, silicone compounds, fats , Waxes, stabilizers, biogenic agents, deodorant agents, antidandruff agents, film formers, swelling agents, UV light protection factors, antioxidants, hydrotropes, preservatives, insect repellents, self-tanning agents, solubilizers, perfume oils, dyes, germ-inhibiting agents and the like.
- Suitable mild, ie particularly skin-compatible, surfactants are fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates, mono- and / or dialkyl sulfosuccinates, fatty acid isethionates, fatty acid sarcosinates, fatty acid taurides, fatty acid glutamates, ether carboxylic acids, alkyl oligoglucosides, Fatty acid glucamides, alkylamido betaines and / or protein fatty acid condensates, the latter preferably based on wheat proteins.
- Guerbet alcohols based on fatty alcohols having 6 to 18, preferably 8 to 10 carbon atoms, esters of linear C6-C22 fatty acids with linear C6-C 2 fatty alcohols, esters of branched C6-Ci3-carboxylic acids with linear ones are, for example, Guerbet alcohols C6-C 2 2 fatty alcohols, esters of linear C6-C 2 2 fatty acids with branched alcohols, in particular 2-ethylhexanol, esters of hydroxycarboxylic acids with linear or branched C6-C 2 2 fatty alcohols, in particular dioctyl malates, esters of linear and / or branched fatty acids with polyhydric alcohols (such as propylene glycol, dimer diol or trimer triol) and / or Guerbet alcohols, triglycerides based on Ce-Cio fatty acids, liquid mono- / di- / triglyceride mixtures based on
- Suitable emulsifiers are nonionic surfactants from at least one of the following groups:
- alkyl mono- and oligoglycosides with 8 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical and their ethoxylated analogs
- polystyrene resin e.g. Polyglycerol polyricinoleate, polyglycerol poly-12-hydroxystearate or polyglycerol dimer isostearate. Mixtures of compounds from several of these classes of substances are also suitable;
- adducts of 2 to 15 moles of ethylene oxide with castor oil and / or hardened castor oil (8) partial esters based on linear, branched, unsaturated or saturated C6 / 22 fatty acids, ricinoleic acid as well as 12-hydroxystearic acid and glycerol, polyglycerol, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, sugar alcohols (eg sorbitol), alkyl glucosides (eg methyl glucoside, butyl glucoside, butyl glucoside, - coside) and polyglucosides (eg cellulose);
- the adducts of ethylene oxide and / or of propylene oxide with fatty alcohols, fatty acids, alkylphenols, glycerol mono- and diesters as well as sorbitan mono- and diesters of fatty acids or with castor oil are known, commercially available products. These are mixtures of homologs, the medium of which Degree of alkoxylation corresponds to the ratio of the amounts of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and substrate with which the addition reaction is carried out.
- Ci2 / i8 fatty acid monoesters and diesters of adducts of ethylene oxide with glycerol are known from DE 2024051 PS as refatting agents for cosmetic preparations.
- Cs / is alkyl mono- and oligoglycosides
- their preparation and their use are known from the prior art. They are produced in particular by reacting glucose or oligosaccharides with primary alcohols with 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the glycoside residue both monoglycosides in which a cyclic sugar residue is glycosidically bonded to the fatty alcohol and oligomeric glycosides with a degree of oligomerization of up to about 8 are suitable.
- the degree of oligomerization is a statistical mean value which is based on a homolog distribution customary for such technical products.
- Zwitterionic surfactants can also be used as emulsifiers.
- Zwitterionic surfactants are surface-active compounds that contain at least one quaternary ammonium group and at least one carboxylate and one sulfonate group in the molecule.
- Particularly suitable zwitterionic surfactants are the so-called betaines, such as the N-alkyl-N, N-dimethylammonium glycinate, for example coconut alkyldimethylammonium glycinate, N-acylaminopropyl-N, N-dimethylammonium glycinate, for example coconut acylaminopropyldimethylammonium glycinate, and 2-alkyl-3-carboxylm -hydroxyethylimidazolines each having 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl or acyl group and the cocoacylaminoethylhydroxyethylcarboxymethylglycinate.
- betaines such as the N-alkyl-N, N-dimethylammonium glycinate, for example coconut alkyldimethylammonium glycinate, N-acylaminopropyl-N, N-dimethylammonium glycinate, for
- fatty acid amide derivative known under the CTFA name Cocamidopropyl Betaine.
- Suitable emulsifiers are ampholytic surfactants.
- Ampholytic surfactants are surface-active compounds which, in addition to a C ⁇ -alkyl or acyl group, contain at least one free amino group and at least one -COOH or -S0 3 H group in the molecule and are capable of forming internal salts.
- ampholytic surfactants are N-alkylglycines, N-alkylpropionic acids, N-alkylaminobutyric acids, N-alkyliminodipropionic acids, N-hydroxyethyl-N-alkylamidopropylglycines, N-alkyltaurines, N-alkyl sarcosines, 2-alkylaminopropionic acids and alkylaminoacetic acids each with about 8 to 18 C. Atoms in the alkyl group.
- Particularly preferred ampholytic surfactants are N-cocoalkylaminopropionate, cocoacylaminoethylamino propionate and Ci2 / i8-acylsarcosine.
- quaternary emulsifiers are also suitable, those of the esterquat type, preferably methyl-quaternized difatty acid triethanolamine ester salts, being particularly preferred.
- Substances such as lanolin and lecithin and polyethoxylated or acylated lanolin and lecithin derivatives, polyol fatty acid esters, monoglycerides and fatty acid realanolamides can be used as superfatting agents, the latter simultaneously serving as foam stabilizers.
- Pearlescent waxes that can be used are, for example: alkylene glycol esters, especially ethylene glycol distearate; Fatty acid alkanolamides, especially coconut fatty acid diethanolamide; Partial glycerides, especially stearic acid monoglyceride; Esters of polyvalent, optionally hydroxy-substituted carboxylic acids with fatty alcohols having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, especially long-chain esters of tartaric acid; Fatty substances, such as, for example, fatty alcohols, fatty ketones, fatty aldehydes, fatty ethers and fatty carbonates, which have a total of at least 24 carbon atoms, especially lauron and distearyl ether; Fatty acids such as stearic acid, hydroxystearic acid or behenic acid, ring opening products of olefin epoxides with 12 to 22 carbon atoms with fatty alcohols with 12 to 22 carbon atoms and / or polyols with 2 to 15
- Suitable consistency agents are primarily fatty alcohols or hydroxyfatty alcohols with 12 to 22 and preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms and also partial glycerides, fatty acids or hydroxyfatty acids. A combination of these substances with alkyl oligoglucosides and / or fatty acid N-methylglucamides of the same chain length and / or polyglycerol poly-12-hydroxystearates is preferred.
- Suitable thickeners are, for example, polysaccharides, in particular xanthan gum, guar guar, agar agar, alginates and tyloses, carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose, and also higher molecular weight polyethylene glycol mono- and diesters of fatty acids, polyacrylates (for example Carbopole® from Goodrich or Synthalene® from Sigma ), Polyacrylamides, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, surfactants such as ethoxylated fatty acid glycerides, esters of fatty acids with polyols such as pentaerythritol or trimethylolpropane, fatty alcohol ethoxylates with a narrow homolog distribution or alkyl oligoglucosides as well as electrolytes such as sodium chloride and ammonium chloride.
- polysaccharides in particular xanthan gum, guar guar, agar a
- Suitable cationic polymers are, for example, cationic cellulose derivatives, such as, for example, a quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose, which is available under the name Polymer JR 400® from Amerchol, cationic starch, copolymers of diallylammonium salts and acrylamides, quaternized vinylpyrrolidone / vinylimidazole polymers, such as, for example, Luviquat® (BASF) , Condensation products of polyglycols and amines, quaternized collagen polypeptides, such as, for example, lauryldimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed collagen (Lamequat®L / Grünau), quaternized wheat polypeptides, polyethyleneimine, cationic silicone polymers, such as, for example, amidomethicones, copolymers of adipic acid and dimethylactinetaminohydroxyaminoxypropylamines / Sandoz), copoly
- Anionic, zwitterionic, amphoteric and nonionic polymers include, for example, vinyl acetate / crotonic acid copolymers, vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acrylate copolymers, vinyl acetate butyl maleate / isobomylacrylate copolymers, methyl vinyl ether / maleic anhydride copolymers and their esters, non-crosslinked acrylamide / acrylamide acrylamide / acrylamide acrylamide / polyethylenethacrylate and with polyesters, non-crosslinked acrylamides and with non-crosslinked polyacrylamide / acrylamide acrylamide / non-crosslinked polyacrylamide and with polyesters, uncommonized acrylamide and non-crosslinked acrylate and with polyesters Copolymers, octylacrylamide / methyl methacrylate / tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate / 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate copolymers, polyvinyl
- Suitable silicone compounds are, for example, dimethylpolysiioxanes, methylphenylpolysiloxanes, cyclic silicones and amino-, fatty acid-, alcohol-, polyether-, epoxy-, fluorine-, glycoside- and / or alkyl-modified silicone compounds which can be both liquid and resinous at room temperature.
- suitable volatile silicones can also be found by Todd et al. in Cosm.Toil. 91, 27 (1976).
- Typical examples of fats are glycerides, beeswax, camamauba wax, candelilla wax, montan wax, paraffin wax, hydrogenated castor oils, fatty acid esters or microwaxes which are solid at room temperature, if appropriate in combination with hydrophilic waxes, for example cetylstearyl alcohol or partial glycerides.
- Metal salts of fatty acids such as magnesium, aluminum and / or zinc stearate or ricinoleate can be used as stabilizers.
- Biogenic active substances are, for example, tocopherol, tocopherol acetate, tocopherol palmitate, ascorbic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, retinol, bisabolol, allantoin, phytantriol, panthenol, AHA acids, amino acids, ceramides, pseudoceramides, essential oils, plant extracts and vitamin complexes.
- Deodorants come e.g. Antiperspirants such as aluminum chlorohydates are possible. These are colorless, hygroscopic crystals that easily dissolve in the air and arise when aqueous aluminum chloride solutions are evaporated.
- Aluminum chlorohydrate is used to manufacture antiperspirant and deodorant preparations and is likely to act by partially occluding the sweat glands through protein and / or polysaccharide precipitation [cf. J.Soc. Cosm.Chem. 24, 281 (1973)].
- an aluminum chlorohydrate that corresponds to the formula [Al2 (OH) 5CI] * 2.5 H2O and whose use is particularly preferred is commercially available under the brand Locron® from Hoechst AG, Frankfurt / FRG [cf.
- esterase inhibitors can be added as further deodorant active ingredients. These are preferably trialkyl citrates such as trimethyl citrate, tripropyl citrate, triisopropyl citrate, tributyl citrate and in particular triethyl citrate (Hydagen® CAT, Henkel KGaA, Düsseldorf / FRG). The substances inhibit enzyme activity and thereby reduce odor. The cleavage of the citric acid ester probably releases the free acid, which lowers the pH value on the skin to such an extent that the enzymes are inhibited.
- trialkyl citrates such as trimethyl citrate, tripropyl citrate, triisopropyl citrate, tributyl citrate and in particular triethyl citrate (Hydagen® CAT, Henkel KGaA, Düsseldorf / FRG).
- the substances inhibit enzyme activity and thereby reduce odor.
- the cleavage of the citric acid ester probably releases the free acid, which lowers the pH value on
- ester nase inhibitors are sterol sulfates or phosphates, such as, for example, lanosterol, cholesterol, campesteric, stigmasterol and sitosterol sulfate or phosphate, dicarboxylic acids and their esters, such as, for example, glutaric acid, glutaric acid monoethyl esters, glutaric acid diethyl ester, adipate esters. Monoethyl adipates, diethyl adipates, malonic and diethyl malonates, hydroxycarboxylic acids and their esters such as citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid or tartaric acid diethyl esters.
- sterol sulfates or phosphates such as, for example, lanosterol, cholesterol, campesteric, stigmasterol and sitosterol sulfate or phosphate
- dicarboxylic acids and their esters such as, for example, glutaric acid, gluta
- Antibacterial agents that influence the bacterial flora and kill sweat-killing bacteria or inhibit their growth can also be contained in the stick preparations.
- Examples include chitosan, phenoxyethanol and chlorhexidine gluconate.
- 5-Chloro-2- (2,4-dichlorophen-oxy) phenol which is sold under the Irgasan® brand by Ciba-Geigy, Basel / CH, has also proven to be particularly effective.
- Climbazole, octopirox and zinc pyrethione can be used as antidandruff agents.
- Common film formers are, for example, chitosan, microcrystalline chitosan, quaternized chitosan, polyvinylpyrrolidone, vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymers, polymers of the acrylic acid series, quaternary cellulose derivatives, collagen, hyaluronic acid or its salts and similar compounds.
- Montmorillonites, clay minerals, pemules and alkyl-modified carbopol types can serve as swelling agents for aqueous phases. Further suitable polymers or swelling agents can be found in the overview by R. Lochhead in Cosm.Toil.
- UV light protection factors are understood to mean, for example, organic substances (light protection filters) which are liquid or crystalline at room temperature and which are able to absorb ultraviolet rays and release the absorbed energy in the form of longer-wave radiation, for example heat.
- UVB filters can be oil-soluble or water-soluble. Examples of oil-soluble substances are:
- 3-benzylidene camphor or 3-benzylidene norcampher and its derivatives e.g. 3- (4-methylbenzylidene) camphor as described in EP 0693471 B1;
- 4-aminobenzoic acid derivatives preferably 2-ethylhexyl 4- (dimethylamino) benzoate, 2-octyl 4- (dimethylamino) benzoate and amyl 4- (dimethylamino) benzoate;
- Esters of cinnamic acid preferably 4-methoxycinnamic acid 2-ethylhexyl esters, 4-methoxycinnamic acid propyl esters, 4-methoxycinnamic acid isoamyl esters 2-cyano-3,3-phenylcinnamic acid 2-ethylhexyl esters (octocrylene);
- esters of salicylic acid preferably salicylic acid 2-ethylhexyl esters, salicylic acid 4-isopropylbenzyl esters, salicylic acid homomenthyl esters
- benzophenone preferably 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4'-methylbenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone;
- Esters of benzalmalonic acid preferably 4-methoxybenzmalonic acid di-2-ethylhexyl ester;
- Triazine derivatives e.g. 2,4,6-trianilino- (p-carbo-2'-ethyl-1'-hexyloxy) -1, 3,5-triazine and octyl triazone, as described in EP 0818450 A1;
- Propane-1,3-dione e.g. 1 - (4-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (4'methoxyphenyl) propane-1,3-dione; Ketotricyclo (5.2.1.0) decane derivatives, as described in EP 0694521 B1.
- Possible water-soluble substances are:
- Sulfonic acid derivatives of benzophenones preferably 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid and its salts;
- Sulfonic acid derivatives of 3-benzylidene camphor e.g. 4- (2-oxo-3-bomylidenemethyl) benzenesulfonic acid and 2-methyl-5- (2-oxo-3-bornylidene) sulfonic acid and their salts.
- benzoylmethane such as 1- (4'-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (4'-methoxyphenyl) propane-1,3-dione, 4-tert-butyl
- benzoylmethane such as 1- (4'-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (4'-methoxyphenyl) propane-1,3-dione, 4-tert-butyl
- typical UV-A filters -4'-methoxydibenzoyl-methane (Parsol 1789), or 1-phenyl-3- (4'-isopropylphenyl) propane-1,3-dione.
- the UV-A and UV-B filters can of course also be used in mixtures.
- insoluble light protection pigments namely finely dispersed metal oxides or salts, are also suitable for this purpose.
- suitable metal oxides are, in particular, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide and, in addition, oxides of iron, zirconium, silicon, manganese, aluminum and cerium and their mixtures.
- Silicates (talc), barium sulfate or zinc stearate can be used as salts.
- the oxides and salts are used in the form of the pigments for skin-care and skin-protecting emulsions and decorative cosmetics.
- the particles should have an average diameter of less than 100 nm, preferably between 5 and 50 nm and in particular between 15 and 30 nm. They can have a spherical shape, but it is also possible to use particles which have an ellipsoidal shape or a shape which differs from the spherical shape in some other way. So-called micro- or nanopigments are preferably used in sunscreens. Micronized zinc oxide is preferably used.
- UV light protection filters can be found in the overview by P.Finkel in S ⁇ FW-Journal 122, 543 (1996).
- secondary light stabilizers of the antioxidant type can also be used, which interrupt the photochemical reaction chain which is triggered when UV radiation penetrates the skin.
- Typical examples are amino acids (e.g. glycine, histidine, tyrosine, tryptophan) and their derivatives, imidazoles (e.g. urocanic acid) and their derivatives, peptides such as D, L-camosine, D-carnosine, L-camosine and their derivatives (e.g. anserine) , Carotenoids, carotenes (e.g.
- ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -carotene, lycopene and their derivatives, chlorogenic acid and their derivatives, lipoic acid and their derivatives (e.g. dihydroliponic acid), aurothioglucose, propylthiouracil and other thiols (e.g.
- thioredoxin glutathione, cysteine, Cystine, cystamine and their glycosyl, N-acetyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, amyl, butyl and lauryl, palmitoyl, oleyl, ⁇ -linoleyl, cholesteryl and glyceryl esters) and their salts , Dilaurylthiodipropionat, Distearylthiodipropionat, Thiodipropionic acid and their derivatives (esters, ethers, peptides, lipids, nucleotides, nucleosides and salts) as well as sulfoximine compounds (eg Buthioninsulfoximine, Homocysteinsulfoximin, Butioninsulfone, Penta-, Hexa-, Heptathioninsulfoximin) compatible doses (eg pmol to ⁇ mol / kg), (metal) chelators (eg ⁇ -
- ⁇ -linolenic acid linoleic acid, oleic acid
- folic acid and their derivatives ubiquinone and ubiquinol and their derivatives
- vitamin C and derivatives e.g. ascorbyl palmitate, Mg- Ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl acetate
- tocopherols and derivatives e.g.
- vitamin E acetate
- vitamin A and derivatives vitamin A palmitate
- Suitable preservatives are, for example, phenoxyethanol, formaldehyde solution, parabens, pentanediol or sorbic acid and the other classes of substances listed in Appendix 6, Parts A and B of the Cosmetics Ordinance.
- N, N-diethyl-m-touluamide, 1, 2-pentanediol or 3535 insect repellants are suitable as insect repellents, and dihydroxyacetone is suitable as a self-tanning agent.
- Perfume oils include mixtures of natural and synthetic fragrances. Natural fragrances are extracts of flowers (lily, lavender, roses, jasmine, neroli, ylang-ylang), stems and leaves (geranium, patchouli, petitgrain), fruits (anise, coriander, caraway, juniper), fruit peel (bergamot, lemon, Oranges), roots (mace, angelica, celery, cardamom, costus, iris, calmus), wood (pine, sandal, guaiac, cedar, rosewood), herbs and grasses (tarragon, lemongrass, sage, thyme), Needles and twigs (spruce, fir, pine, mountain pine), resins and balms (galbanum, elemi, benzoin, myrrh, olibanum, opoponax).
- Typical synthetic fragrance compounds are products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are e.g.
- the ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, the aldehydes e.g.
- the linear alkanals with 8 to 18 carbon atoms citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamenaldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeonal, to the ketones e.g. the Jonone, oc-isomethyl ionone and methyl cedryl ketone, the alcohols anethole, citronellol, eugenol, isoeugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol, the hydrocarbons mainly include the terpenes and balsams.
- fragrance oils of lower volatility which are mostly used as aroma components, are also suitable as perfume oils, e.g. Sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, oliban oil, galbanum oil, labolanum oil and lavandin oil.
- bergamot oil dihydromyrcenol, lilial, lyral, citronellol, phenylethyl alcohol, ⁇ -hexylcinnamaldehyde, geraniol, benzyl acetone, cyclamen aldehyde, linalool, Boisambrene Forte, Ambroxan, indole, hedione, Sandelice, lemon oil, mandarin oil, orange oil, allyl amyl glycolate, Cyclovertal, lavandin oil, muscatel Sage oil, ß-damascone, geranium oil bourbon, cyclohexyl salicylate, Vertofix Coeur, Iso-E-Super, Fixolide NP, evernyl, iraldein gamma, phenylacetic acid, geranyl acetate, benzyl acetate, rose oxide, romilllate, irot
- the dyes which can be used are the substances which are suitable and approved for cosmetic purposes, as described, for example, in the publication "Cosmetic Dyes” by the Dye Commission of the German Research Foundation, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1984, pp. 81-106 are put together. These dyes are usually used in concentrations of 0.001 to 0.1% by weight, based on the mixture as a whole.
- germ-inhibiting agents are preservatives with a specific action against gram-positive bacteria, such as, for example, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether, chlorhexidine (1,6-di- (4-chlorophenyl-biguanido) hexane) or TCC ( 3,4,4'-trichloro).
- Numerous fragrances and essential oils also have antimicrobial properties.
- Typical examples are the active substances eugenol, menthol and thymol in clove, mint and thyme oil.
- terpene alcohol famesol (3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol), which is present in linden blossom oil and has a lily of the valley smell.
- Glycerol monolaurate has also proven itself as a bacteriostatic.
- the proportion of the additional germ-inhibiting agents is usually about 0.1 to 2% by weight, based on the solids content of the preparations.
- the total proportion of auxiliaries and additives can be 1 to 50, preferably 5 to 40,% by weight, based on the composition.
- the agents can be produced by customary cold or hot processes; the phase inversion temperature method is preferably used.
- Various emulsions (examples 1 to 7) were prepared which contain the glycoside esters according to the invention and various pigments.
- the fine particle size of the pigments was determined on a scale from 1 to 5 in comparison to the emulsions (V1 and 2) without corresponding glycoside esters (microscopy 400x).
- the results are summarized in Table 1.
- Table 1 O / W and W / O emulsions (quantities as% by weight).
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Abstract
Vorgeschlagen wird die Verwendung von Alkyl- und/oder Alkenyloligoglykosid-Fettsäureestern als Pigmentdispergatoren zur Herstellung von kosmetischen und/oder pharmazeutischen Zubereitungen.
Description
Verwendung von Alkyl- und/oder Alkenyloligoglykosid-Fettsäureestern als Pigmentdispergator
Gebiet der Erfindung
Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung von Alkyl- und/oder Alkenyloligoglykosid-Fettsäureestern als Pig- mentdispergatoren zur Herstellung von kosmetischen und/oder pharmazeutischen Zubereitungen.
Stand der Technik
Zubereitungen im Bereich der dekorativen Kosmetik, wie beispielsweise Lippenstifte, Lidschatten, Make up, Sonnenschutzmittel und dergleichen enthalten üblicherweise eine Vielzahl von Pigmenten, die in hydrophilen oder lipophilen Solventien, wie z.B. Wasser oder Pflanzenölen, nur hinreichend löslich sind, wünschenswert ist eine Verbesserung der Dispergierfähigkeit dieser Pigmente und damit eine feinere Verteilung in bekannten Systeme, wie beispielsweise Emulsionen des Wasser-in-ÖI- bzw. des Öl-inWasser-Typs.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung hat somit darin bestanden, Mittel zur Verfügung zu stellen, die es gestatten, sowohl O/W- bzw. W/O-Emulsionen als auch feste Zubereitungen im Bereich der dekorativen Kosmetik herzustellen, in denen die Pigmente besser dispergiert werden und damit feinteiliger vorliegen. Darüber hinaus sollen derartige Zubereitungen eine gute dermatologische Verträglichkeit ausweisen und eine gute Lagerstabilität gewährleisteten.
Beschreibung der Erfindung
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist die Verwendung von Alkyl- und/oder Alkenyloligoglykosid-Fettsäure- estern als Pigmentdispergatoren zur Herstellung von kosmetischen und/oder pharmazeutischen Zubereitungen.
Überraschenderweise wurde gefunden, daß Alkyl- und/oder Alkenyloligoglykosid-Fettsäureestern in der Lage sind die Dispergierfähigkeit von Pigmenten sowohl in der Öl- als auch in Wasserphase zu verbessern und somit die Pigmente in derartigen Systemen im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik feinteiliger vorliegen. Darüber hinaus weisen diese Zubereitungen, wie beispielsweise Lippenstifte, Lidschatten, Make up, Sonnenschutzmittel und dergleichen, hinreichende dermatologische Verträglichkeiten sowie hohe Lagerstabilitäten auf.
Alkyl- und/oder Alkenyloliqoqlvkosid-Fettsäureestern
Estern von Alkyl- und/oder Alkenyloligoglykosiden und Fettsäuren, die im folgenden kurz als „Glykosid- estern" bezeichnet werden, sind aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt. Üblicherweise handelt es sich dabei zwar um Methylglucosidestern, doch auch die Herstellung der Estern mit höheren Fettsäuren erfolgt in an sich bekannter Weise, d.h. durch alkalisch katalysierte Veresterung der Ausgangsstoffe, die im folgenden noch näher erläutert werden. Üblicherweise fallen bei der Veresterung technische Mischungen verschieden hoch substituierter Produkte an. Vorzugsweise werden jedoch Mono- und insbesondere Diestern bzw. deren technische Mischungen als Dispergatoren in Mengen von 1 bis 10, vorzugsweise 4 bis 6 Gew.-% - bezogen auf die Endkonzentration - eingesetzt.
Alkyl- und/oder Alkenyloliqoqlykoside
Alkyl- und/oder Alkenyloligoglykoside stellen bekannte nichtionische Tenside dar, die der Formel (I) folgen,
R10-[G]p (I)
in der R1 für einen Alkyl- und/oder Alkenylrest mit 4 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, G für einen Zuckerrest mit 5 oder 6 Kohlenstoffatomen und p für Zahlen von 1 bis 10 steht. Sie können nach den einschlägigen Verfahren der präparativen organischen Chemie erhalten werden. Stellvertretend für das umfangreiche Schrifttum sei hier auf die Übersichtsarbeit von Biermann et al. in Starch/Stärke 45, 281 (1993), B.Salka in Cosm.Toil. 108, 89 (1993) sowie J.Kahre et al. in SÖFW-Journal Heft 8, 598 (1995) verwiesen.
Die Alkyl- und/oder Alkenyloligoglykoside können sich von Aldosen bzw. Ketosen mit 5 oder 6 Kohlenstoffatomen, vorzugsweise der Glucose ableiten. Die bevorzugten Alkyl- und/oder Alkenyloligoglykoside
sind somit Alkyl- und/oder Alkenyloligoglucoside. Die Indexzahl p in der allgemeinen Formel (I) gibt den Oligomerisierungsgrad (DP), d. h. die Verteilung von Mono- und Oligoglykosiden an und steht für eine Zahl zwischen 1 und 10. Während p in einer gegebenen Verbindung stets ganzzahlig sein muß und hier vor allem die Werte p = 1 bis 6 annehmen kann, ist der Wert p für ein bestimmtes Alkyloli- goglykosid eine analytisch ermittelte rechnerische Größe, die meistens eine gebrochene Zahl darstellt. Vorzugsweise werden Alkyl- und/oder Alkenyloligoglykoside mit einem mittleren Oligomerisierungsgrad p von 1 ,1 bis 3,0 eingesetzt. Aus anwendungstechnischer Sicht sind solche Alkyl- und/oder Alkenyloligoglykoside bevorzugt, deren Oligomerisierungsgrad kleiner als 1 ,7 ist und insbesondere zwischen 1 ,2 und 1 ,4 liegt. Der Alkyl- bzw. Alkenylrest R1 kann sich von primären Alkoholen mit 4 bis 11 , vorzugsweise 8 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen ableiten. Typische Beispiele sind Butanol, Capronalkohol, Caprylal- kohol, Cap nalkohol und Undecylalkohol sowie deren technische Mischungen, wie sie beispielsweise bei der Hydrierung von technischen Fettsäuremethylestern oder im Verlauf der Hydrierung von Aldehyden aus der Roelen'schen Oxosynthese erhalten werden. Bevorzugt sind Alkyloligoglucoside der Kettenlänge Cβ-Cio (DP = 1 bis 3), die als Vorlauf bei der destillativen Auftrennung von technischem Cβ- Cis-Kokosfettalkohol anfallen und mit einem Anteil von weniger als 6 Gew.-% Cι2-Alkohol verunreinigt sein können sowie Alkyloligoglucoside auf Basis technischer Cg/n-Oxoalkohole (DP = 1 bis 3). Der Alkyl- bzw. Alkenylrest R1 kann sich ferner auch von primären Alkoholen mit 12 bis 22, vorzugsweise 12 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen ableiten. Typische Beispiele sind Laurylalkohol, Myristylalkohol, Cetylalkohol, Palmoleylalkohol, Stearylalkohol, Isostearylalkohol, Oleylalkohol, Elaidylalkohol, Petroselinylalkohol, Arachylalkohol, Gadoleylalkohol, Behenylalkohol, Erucylalkohol, Brassidylalkohol sowie deren technische Gemische, die wie oben beschrieben erhalten werden können. Bevorzugt sind Alkyloligoglucoside auf Basis von gehärtetem Ci2/i4-Kokosalko ol mit einem DP von 1 bis 3.
Fettsäuren
Unter Fettsäuren werden aliphatische oder aromatische, ein- oder mehrwertige, gegebenenfalls hy- droxyfunktionalisierte Fettsäuren der Formel (II) verstanden,
R2CO-OH (II)
in der R2CO für einen linearen oder verzweigten Acylrest mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen steht. Vorzugsweise werden Fettsäuren der Formel (II) eingesetzt, in der R2CO für einen linearen Acylrest mit 16 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen steht. Typische Beispiele sind Monofettsäuren wie Capronsäure, Capryl- säure, 2-Ethylhexansäure, Caprinsäure, Laurinsäure, Isotridecansäure, Myristinsäure, Palmitinsäure, Palmoleinsäure, Stearinsäure, Isostearinsäure, Ölsäure, Elaidinsäure, Petroselinsäure, Linolsäure, Linolensäure, Elaeostearinsäure, Arachinsäure, Gadoleinsäure, Behensäure und Erucasaure sowie deren technische Mischungen. Besonders bevorzugt sind Palmitinsäure und Stearinsäure, Isostea-rin-
säure und/oder Ölsäure. Anstelle der Monofettsäuren können auch entsprechende Cε-Ci∑-Difettsäuren eingesetzt werden, so daß ebenfalls Adipinsäure und Dodecandisäure in Frage kommen. Schließlich können auch hydroxyfunktionalisierte mehrwertige Fettsäuren eingesetzt werden, wie z.B. Hydroxy- stearinsäure.
Pigmente
Unter dem Begriff Pigmente sind Feststoffe zu verstehen, die weder in hydrophilen noch in lipophilen Solventien wie z.B. Wasser oder Pflanzenölen unter Normalbedingungen hinreichend löslich sind. Typische Beispiele für Pigmente, die im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung in Betracht kommen, sind alle Arten von Farbstoffen, wie sie vorzugsweise im Bereich der dekorativen Kosmetik, also beispielsweise für die Formulierung von festen Zubereitungen wie beispielsweise Lippenstiften, Pudern, Lidschatten, aber auch flüssigen bzw. pastösen Formulierungen wie etwa Nagellacken, Sonnenschutzmitteln, Tönungscremes, Make up, Wundschutzcremes und dergleichen Verwendung finden. Typische Beispiele für geeignete Farbpigmente sind Talkum, Zinkoxid, Kaolin, Titandioxid, Eisenoxide, Chromoxide, Ultramarin, Manganviolett, Bismutoxychlorid, Glimmer, mit Titandioxid beschichteter Glimmer und Fischsilber. Eine Übersicht zu diesem Thema, die auch beispielhafte Formulierungen für dekorative Kosmetika enthält, findet sich in „Kosmetik" (Hrsg. W.Umbach), Thieme Verlag, 1995, S. 311-315. Die Verwendung ist jedoch nicht allein auf den Bereich kosmetischer Zubereitungen eingeschränkt, sondern gilt ganz allgemein, beispielsweise auch für die Herstellung von Dispersionsfarben, bei denen Farbpigmente wie etwa Titandioxid dispergiert werden müssen. Vorzugsweise werden die Pigmente in Mengen von 1 bis 10, insbesondere 4 bis 6 Gew.-% - bezogen auf die Einsatzkonzentration - eingesetzt.
Gewerbliche Anwendbarkeit
Die kosmetischen und/oder pharmazeutischen Zubereitungen (vgl. Kapitel Pigmente), welche die erfindungsgemäßen Glykosidestern enthalten, können ferner als weitere Hilfs- und Zusatzstoffe milde Tenside, Ölkörper, Emulgatoren, Überfettungsmittel, Perlglanzwachse, Konsistenzgeber, Verdickungsmit- tel, Polymere, Siliconverbindungen, Fette, Wachse, Stabilisatoren, biogene Wirkstoffe, Deowirkstoffe, Antischuppenmittel, Filmbildner, Quellmittel, UV-Lichtschutzfaktoren, Antioxidantien, Hydrotrope, Konservierungsmittel, Insektenrepellentien, Selbstbräuner, Solubilisatoren, Parfümöle, Farbstoffe, keimhemmende Mittel und dergleichen enthalten.
Typische Beispiele für geeignete milde, d.h. besonders hautverträgliche Tenside sind Fettalkoholpoly- glycolethersulfate, Monoglyceridsulfate, Mono- und/oder Dialkylsulfosuccinate, Fettsäureisethionate, Fettsäuresarcosinate, Fettsäuretauride, Fettsäureglutamate, Ethercarbonsäuren, Alkyloligoglucoside,
Fettsäureglucamide, Alkylamidobetaine und/oder Proteinfettsäurekondensate, letztere vorzugsweise auf Basis von Weizenproteinen.
Als Ölkörper kommen beispielsweise Guerbetalkohole auf Basis von Fettalkoholen mit 6 bis 18, vorzugsweise 8 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen, Estern von linearen C6-C22-Fettsäuren mit linearen C6-C22-Fet- talkoholen, Estern von verzweigten C6-Ci3-Carbonsäuren mit linearen C6-C22-Fettalkoholen , Estern von linearen C6-C22-Fettsäuren mit verzweigten Alkoholen, insbesondere 2-Ethylhexanol, Estern von Hy- droxycarbonsäuren mit linearen oder verzweigten C6-C22-Fettalkoholen, insbesondere Dioctyl Malate, Estern von linearen und/oder verzweigten Fettsäuren mit mehrwertigen Alkoholen (wie z.B. Pro- pylenglycol, Dimerdiol oder Trimertriol) und/oder Guerbetalkoholen, Triglyceride auf Basis Ce-Cio-Fett- säuren, flüssige Mono-/Di-/Triglyceridmischungen auf Basis von Cβ-Ciβ-Fettsäuren, Estern von C6-C22- Fettalkoholen und/oder Guerbetalkoholen mit aromatischen Carbonsäuren, insbesondere Benzoe- säure, Estern von C2-Ci2-Dicarbonsäuren mit linearen oder verzweigten Alkoholen mit 1 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen oder Polyolen mit 2 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen und 2 bis 6 Hydroxylgruppen, pflanzliche Öle, verzweigte primäre Alkohole, substituierte Cyclohexane, lineare und verzweigte C6-C22-Fettalko- holcarbonate, Guerbetcarbonate, Estern der Benzoesäure mit linearen und/oder verzweigten C6-C22- Alkoholen (z.B. Finsolv® TN), lineare oder verzweigte, symmetrische oder unsymmetrische Dialkyle- ther mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen pro Alkylgruppe, Ringöffnungsprodukte von epoxidierten Fettsäureestern mit Polyolen, Siliconöle und/oder aliphatische bzw. naphthenische Kohlenwasserstoffe in Betracht.
Als Emulgatoren kommen beispielsweise nichtionogene Tenside aus mindestens einer der folgenden Gruppen in Frage:
(1) Anlagerungsprodukte von 2 bis 30 Mol Ethylenoxid und/ oder 0 bis 5 Mol Propylenoxid an lineare Fettalkohole mit 8 bis 22 C-Atomen, an Fettsäuren mit 12 bis 22 C-Atomen und an Alkylphenole mit 8 bis 15 C-Atomen in der Alkylgruppe;
(2) Ci2/i8-Fettsäuremono- und -diestern von Anlagerungsprodukten von 1 bis 30 Mol Ethylenoxid an Glycerin;
(3) Glycerinmono- und -diestern und Sorbitanmono- und -diestern von gesättigten und ungesättigten Fettsäuren mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen und deren Ethylenoxidanlagerungsprodukte;
(4) Alkylmono- und -oligoglycoside mit 8 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen im Alkylrest und deren ethoxy- lierte Analoga;
(5) Anlagerungsprodukte von 15 bis 60 Mol Ethylenoxid an Ricinusöl und/oder gehärtetes Ricinusöl;
(6) Polyol- und insbesondere Polyglycerinestem, wie z.B. Polyglycerinpolyricinoleat, Polyglycerin- poly-12-hydroxystearat oder Polyglycerindimeratisostearat. Ebenfalls geeignet sind Gemische von Verbindungen aus mehreren dieser Substanzklassen;
(7) Anlagerungsprodukte von 2 bis 15 Mol Ethylenoxid an Ricinusöl und/oder gehärtetes Ricinusöl;
(8) Partialestern auf Basis linearer, verzweigter, ungesättigter bzw. gesättigter C6/22-Fettsäuren, Ricinolsäure sowie 12-Hydroxystearinsäure und Glycerin, Polyglycerin, Pentaerythrit, Dipentae- rythrit, Zuckeralkohole (z.B. Sorbit), Alkylglucoside (z.B. Methylglucosid, Butylglucosid, Laurylglu- cosid) sowie Polyglucoside (z.B. Cellulose);
(9) Mono-, Di- und Trialkylphosphate sowie Mono-, Di- und/oder Tri-PEG-alkylphosphate und deren Salze;
(10) Wollwachsalkohole;
(11) Polysiloxan-Polyalkyl-Polyether-Copolymere bzw. entsprechende Derivate;
(12) Mischestern aus Pentaerythrit, Fettsäuren, Citronensäure und Fettalkohol gemäß DE 1165574 PS und/oder Mischestern von Fettsäuren mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, Methylglucose und Polyolen, vorzugsweise Glycerin oder Polyglycerin,
(13) Polyalkylenglycole sowie
(14) Glycerincarbonat.
Die Anlagerungsprodukte von Ethylenoxid und/oder von Propylenoxid an Fettalkohole, Fettsäuren, Alkylphenole, Glycerinmono- und -diestern sowie Sorbitanmono- und -diestern von Fettsäuren oder an Ricinusöl stellen bekannte, im Handel erhältliche Produkte dar. Es handelt sich dabei um Homologengemische, deren mittlerer Alkoxylierungsgrad dem Verhältnis der Stoffmengen von Ethylenoxid und/ oder Propylenoxid und Substrat, mit denen die Anlagerungsreaktion durchgeführt wird, entspricht. Ci2/i8-Fettsäuremono- und -diestern von Anlagerungsprodukten von Ethylenoxid an Glycerin sind aus DE 2024051 PS als Rückfettungsmittel für kosmetische Zubereitungen bekannt.
Cs/is-Alkylmono- und -oligoglycoside, ihre Herstellung und ihre Verwendung sind aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt. Ihre Herstellung erfolgt insbesondere durch Umsetzung von Glucose oder Oligosac- chariden mit primären Alkoholen mit 8 bis 18 C-Atomen. Bezüglich des Glycosidrestes gilt, daß sowohl Monoglycoside, bei denen ein cyclischer Zuckerrest glycosidisch an den Fettalkohol gebunden ist, als auch oligomere Glycoside mit einem Oligomerisationsgrad bis vorzugsweise etwa 8 geeignet sind. Der Oligomerisierungsgrad ist dabei ein statistischer Mittelwert, dem eine für solche technischen Produkte übliche Homologenverteilung zugrunde liegt.
Weiterhin können als Emulgatoren zwitterionische Tenside verwendet werden. Als zwitterionische Tenside werden solche oberflächenaktiven Verbindungen bezeichnet, die im Molekül mindestens eine quartäre Ammoniumgruppe und mindestens eine Carboxylat- und eine Sulfonatgruppe tragen. Besonders geeignete zwitterionische Tenside sind die sogenannten Betaine wie die N-Alkyl-N,N-dimethylam- moniumglycinate, beispielsweise das Kokosalkyldimethylammoniumglycinat, N-Acylaminopropyl-N,N- dimethylammoniumglycinate, beispielsweise das Kokosacylaminopropyldimethylammoniumglycinat, und 2-Alkyl-3-carboxylmethyl-3-hydroxyethylimidazoline mit jeweils 8 bis 18 C-Atomen in der Alkyl- oder Acylgruppe sowie das Kokosacylaminoethylhydroxyethylcarboxymethylglycinat. Besonders bevorzugt
ist das unter der CTFA-Bezeichnung Cocamidopropyl Betaine bekannte Fettsäureamid-Derivat. Ebenfalls geeignete Emulgatoren sind ampholytische Tenside. Unter ampholytischen Tensiden werden solche oberflächenaktiven Verbindungen verstanden, die außer einer Cβ a-Alkyl- oder -Acylgruppe im Molekül mindestens eine freie Aminogruppe und mindestens eine -COOH- oder -S03H-Gruppe enthalten und zur Ausbildung innerer Salze befähigt sind. Beispiele für geeignete ampholytische Tenside sind N-Alkylglycine, N-Alkylpropionsäuren, N-Alkylaminobuttersäuren, N-Alkyliminodipropionsäuren, N- Hydroxyethyl-N-alkylamidopropylglyciπe, N-Alkyltaurine, N-Alkylsarcosine, 2-Alkylaminopropionsäuren und Alkylaminoessigsäuren mit jeweils etwa 8 bis 18 C-Atomen in der Alkylgruppe. Besonders bevorzugte ampholytische Tenside sind das N-Kokosalkylaminopropionat, das Kokosacylaminoethylamino- propionat und das Ci2/i8-Acylsarcosin. Neben den ampholytischen kommen auch quartare Emulgatoren in Betracht, wobei solche vom Typ der Esterquats, vorzugsweise methylquatemierte Difettsäuretrietha- noIaminestern-Salze, besonders bevorzugt sind.
Als Überfettungsmittel können Substanzen wie beispielsweise Lanolin und Lecithin sowie polyethoxy- lierte oder acylierte Lanolin- und Lecithinderivate, Polyolfettsäureestem, Monoglyceride und Fettsäu- realkanolamide verwendet werden, wobei die letzteren gleichzeitig als Schaumstabilisatoren dienen.
Als Perlglanzwachse kommen beispielsweise in Frage : Alkylenglycolestern, speziell Ethylenglycoldi- stearat; Fettsäurealkanolamide, speziell Kokosfettsäurediethanolamid; Partialglyceride, speziell Stea- rinsäuremonoglycerid; Estern von mehrwertigen, gegebenenfalls hydroxysubstituierte Carbonsäuren mit Fettalkoholen mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, speziell langkettige Estern der Weinsäure; Fettstoffe, wie beispielsweise Fettalkohole, Fettketone, Fettaldehyde, Fettether und Fettcarbonate, die in Summe mindestens 24 Kohlenstoffatome aufweisen, speziell Lauron und Distearylether; Fettsäuren wie Stearinsäure, Hydroxystearinsäure oder Behensäure, Ringöffnungsprodukte von Olefinepoxiden mit 12 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen mit Fettalkoholen mit 12 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen und/oder Polyolen mit 2 bis 15 Kohlenstoffatomen und 2 bis 10 Hydroxylgruppen sowie deren Mischungen.
Als Konsistenzgeber kommen in erster Linie Fettalkohole oder Hydroxyfettalkohole mit 12 bis 22 und vorzugsweise 16 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen und daneben Partialglyceride, Fettsäuren oder Hydroxyfett- säuren in Betracht. Bevorzugt ist eine Kombination dieser Stoffe mit Alkyloligoglucosiden und/oder Fettsäure-N-methylglucamiden gleicher Kettenlänge und/oder Polyglycerinpoly-12-hydroxystearaten. Geeignete Verdickungsmittel sind beispielsweise Polysaccharide, insbesondere Xanthan-Gum, Guar- Guar, Agar-Agar, Alginate und Tylosen, Carboxymethylcellulose und Hydroxyethylcellulose, ferner höhermolekulare Polyethylenglycolmono- und -diestern von Fettsäuren, Polyacrylate, (z.B. Carbopole® von Goodrich oder Synthalene® von Sigma), Polyacrylamide, Polyvinylalkohol und Polyvinyipyrrolidon, Tenside wie beispielsweise ethoxylierte Fettsäureglyceride, Estern von Fettsäuren mit Polyolen wie beispielsweise Pentaerythrit oder Trimethylolpropan, Fettalkoholethoxylate mit eingeengter Homologenverteilung oder Alkyloligoglucoside sowie Elektrolyte wie Kochsalz und Ammoniumchlorid.
Geeignete kationische Polymere sind beispielsweise kationische Cellulosederivate, wie z.B. eine quatemierte Hydroxyethylcellulose, die unter der Bezeichnung Polymer JR 400® von Amerchol erhältlich ist, kationische Stärke, Copolymere von Diallylammoniumsalzen und Acrylamiden, quatemierte Vinylpyrrolidon/Vinylimidazol-Polymere, wie z.B. Luviquat® (BASF), Kondensationsprodukte von Poly- glycolen und Aminen, quatemierte Kollagenpolypeptide, wie beispielsweise Lauryldimonium hydroxy- propyl hydrolyzed collagen (Lamequat®L/Grünau), quatemierte Weizenpolypeptide, Polyethylenimin, kationische Siliconpolymere, wie z.B. Amidomethicone, Copolymere der Adipinsäure und Dimethyla- minohydroxypropyldiethylentriamin (Cartaretine®/Sandoz), Copolymere der Acrylsäure mit Dimethyl- diallylammoniumchlorid (Merquat® 550/Chemviron), Polyaminopolyamide, wie z.B. beschrieben in der FR 2252840 A sowie deren vernetzte wasserlöslichen Polymere, kationische Chitinderivate wie beispielsweise quatemiertes Chitosan, gegebenenfalls mikrokristallin verteilt, Kondensationsprodukte aus Dihalogenalkylen, wie z.B. Dibrombutan mit Bisdialkylaminen, wie z.B. Bis-Dimethylamino-1 ,3-propan, kationischer Guar-Gum, wie z.B. Jaguar® CBS, Jaguar® C-17, Jaguar® C-16 der Firma Celanese, quatemierte Ammoniumsalz-Polymere, wie z.B. Mirapol® A-15, Mirapol® AD-1 , Mirapol® AZ-1 der Firma Miranol.
Als anionische, zwitterionische, amphotere und nichtionische Polymere kommen beispielsweise Vinylacetat/Crotonsäure-Copolymere, Vinylpyrrolidon/Vinylacrylat-Copolymere, Vinylacetat Butylmaleat/ Isobomylacrylat-Copolymere, Methylvinylether/Maleinsäureanhydrid-Copolymere und deren Estern, unvemetzte und mit Polyolen vernetzte Polyacrylsäuren, Acrylamidopropyltrimethylammoniumchlorid/ Acrylat-Copolymere, Octylacrylamid/Methylmethacrylat/tert.Butylaminoethylmethacrylat/2-Hydroxyproyl- methacrylat-Copolymere, Polyvinylpyrrolidon, Vinylpyrrolidon/Vinylacetat-Copolymere, Vinylpyrrolidon/ Dimethylaminoethylmethacrylat/Vinylcaprolactam-Terpolymere sowie gegebenenfalls derivatisierte Celluloseether und Silicone in Frage.
Geeignete Siliconverbindungen sind beispielsweise Dimethylpolysiioxane, Methylphenylpolysiloxane, cyclische Silicone sowie amino-, fettsäure-, alkohol-, polyether-, epoxy-, fluor-, glykosid- und/oder al- kylmodifizierte Siliconverbindungen, die bei Raumtemperatur sowohl flüssig als auch harzförmig vorliegen können. Eine detaillierte Übersicht über geeignete flüchtige Silicone findet sich zudem von Todd et al. in Cosm.Toil. 91, 27 (1976).
Typische Beispiele für Fette sind Glyceride, als Wachse kommen u.a. Bienenwachs, Camaubawachs, Candelillawachs, Montanwachs, Paraffinwachs, hydriertes Ricinusöle, bei Raumtemperatur feste Fettsäureestern oder Mikrowachse gegebenenfalls in Kombination mit hydrophilen Wachsen, z.B. Cetyl- stearylalkohol oder Partialglyceriden in Frage. Als Stabilisatoren können Metallsalze von Fettsäuren, wie z.B. Magnesium-, Aluminium- und/oder Zinkstearat bzw. -ricinoleat eingesetzt werden.
Unter biogenen Wirkstoffen sind beispielsweise Tocopherol, Tocopherolacetat, Tocopherolpalmitat, Ascorbinsäure, Desoxyribonucleinsäure, Retinol, Bisabolol, Allantoin, Phytantriol, Panthenol, AHA-Säu- ren, Aminosäuren, Ceramide, Pseudoceramide, essentielle Öle, Pflanzenextrakte und Vitaminkomplexe zu verstehen.
Als Deowirkstoffe kommen z.B. Antiperspirantien wie etwa Aluminiumchlorhydate in Frage. Hierbei handelt es sich um farblose, hygroskopische Kristalle, die an der Luft leicht zerfließen und beim Eindampfen wäßriger Aluminiumchloridlösungen anfallen. Aluminiumchlorhydrat wird zur Herstellung von schweißhemmenden und desodorierenden Zubereitungen eingesetzt und wirkt wahrscheinlich über den partiellen Verschluß der Schweißdrüsen durch Eiweiß- und/oder Polysaccharidfällung [vgl. J.Soc. Cosm.Chem. 24, 281 (1973)]. Unter der Marke Locron® der Hoechst AG, Frankfurt/FRG, befindet beispielsweise sich ein Aluminiumchlorhydrat im Handel, das der Formel [Al2(OH)5CI]*2,5 H2O entspricht und dessen Einsatz besonders bevorzugt ist [vgl. J.Pharm.Pharmacol. 26, 531 (1975)]. Neben den Chlorhydraten können auch Aluminiumhydroxylactate sowie saure Aluminium/Zirkoniumsalze eingesetzt werden. Als weitere Deowirkstoffe können Esteraseinhibitoren zugesetzt werden. Hierbei handelt es sich vorzugsweise um Trialkylcitrate wie Trimethylcitrat, Tripropylcitrat, Triisopropylcitrat, Tributyl- citrat und insbesondere Triethylcitrat (Hydagen® CAT, Henkel KGaA, Düsseldorf/FRG). Die Stoffe inhibieren die Enzymaktivität und reduzieren dadurch die Geruchsbildung. Wahrscheinlich wird dabei durch die Spaltung des Citronensäureesterns die freie Säure freigesetzt, die den pH-Wert auf der Haut soweit absenkt, daß dadurch die Enzyme inhibiert werden. Weitere Stoffe, die als Esternaseinhibitoren in Betracht kommen, sind Sterolsulfate oder -phosphate, wie beispielsweise Lanosterin-, Cholesterin-, Campesterin-, Stigmasterin- und Sitosterinsulfat bzw -phosphat, Dicarbonsäuren und deren Estern, wie beispielsweise Glutarsäure, Glutarsäuremonoethylestern, Glutarsäurediethylestem, Adipinsäure, Adipinsäuremonoethylestern, Adipinsäurediethylestern, Malonsäure und Malonsäurediethylestern, Hydroxycarbnonsäuren und deren Estern wie beispielsweise Citronensäure, Äpfelsäure, Weinsäure oder Weinsäurediethylestem. Antibakterielle Wirkstoffe, die die Keimflora beeinflussen und schweißzersetzende Bakterien abtöten bzw. in ihrem Wachstum hemmen, können ebenfalls in den Stiftzubereitungen enthalten sein. Beispiele hierfür sind Chitosan, Phenoxyethanol und Chlorhexidingluconat. Besonders wirkungsvoll hat sich auch 5-Chlor-2-(2,4-dichlorphen-oxy)-phenol erwiesen, das unter der Marke Irgasan® von der Ciba-Geigy, Basel/CH vertrieben wird.
Als Antischuppenmittel können Climbazol, Octopirox und Zinkpyrethion eingesetzt werden. Gebräuchliche Filmbildner sind beispielsweise Chitosan, mikrokristallines Chitosan, quaterniertes Chitosan, Polyvinylpyrrolidon, Vinyipyrrolidon-Vinylacetat-Copolymerisate, Polymere der Acrylsäurereihe, quatemäre Cellulose-Derivate, Kollagen, Hyaluronsäure bzw. deren Salze und ähnliche Verbindungen. Als Quellmittel für wäßrige Phasen können Montmorillonite, Clay Mineralstoffe, Pemulen sowie alkyl- modifizierte Carbopoltypen (Goodrich) dienen. Weitere geeignete Polymere bzw. Quellmittel können der Übersicht von R.Lochhead in Cosm.Toil. 108, 95 (1993) entnommen werden .
Unter UV-Lichtschutzfaktoren sind beispielsweise bei Raumtemperatur flüssig oder kristallin vorliegende organische Substanzen (Lichtschutzfilter) zu verstehen, die in der Lage sind, ultraviolette Strahlen zu absorbieren und die aufgenommene Energie in Form längerwelliger Strahlung, z.B. Wärme wieder abzugeben. UVB-Filter können öllöslich oder wasserlöslich sein. Als öllösliche Substanzen sind z.B. zu nennen:
3-Benzylidencampher bzw. 3-Benzylidennorcampher und dessen Derivate, z.B. 3-(4-Methylbenzy- liden)campher wie in der EP 0693471 B1 beschrieben;
4-Aminobenzoesäurederivate, vorzugsweise 4-(Dimethylamino)benzoesäure-2-ethylhexylestern, 4- (Dimethylamino)benzoesäure-2-octylestern und 4-(Dimethylamino)benzoesäureamylestem; Estern der Zimtsäure, vorzugsweise 4-Methoxyzimtsäure-2-ethylhexylestern, 4-Methoxyzimtsäure- propylestern, 4-Methoxyzimtsäureisoamylestem 2-Cyano-3,3-phenylzimtsäure-2-ethylhexylestern (Octocrylene);
Estern der Salicylsäure, vorzugsweise Salicylsäure-2-ethylhexylestern, Salicylsäure-4-isopropyl- benzylestem, Salicylsäurehomomenthylestem
Derivate des Benzophenons, vorzugsweise 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenon, 2-Hydroxy-4-me- thoxy-4'-methylbenzophenon, 2,2'-Dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenon; Estern der Benzalmalonsäure, vorzugsweise 4-Methoxybenzmalonsäuredi-2-ethylhexylestem; Triazinderivate, wie z.B. 2,4,6-Trianilino-(p-carbo-2'-ethyl-1 '-hexyloxy)-1 ,3,5-triazin und Octyl Tria- zon, wie in der EP 0818450 A1 beschrieben;
Propan-1 ,3-dione, wie z.B. 1 -(4-tert.Butylphenyl)-3-(4'methoxyphenyl)propan-1 ,3-dion; Ketotricyclo(5.2.1.0)decan-Derivate, wie in der EP 0694521 B1 beschrieben. Als wasserlösliche Substanzen kommen in Frage:
2-Phenylbenzimidazol-5-sulfonsäure und deren Alkali-, Erdalkali-, Ammonium-, Alkylammonium-,
Alkanolammonium- und Glucammoniumsalze;
Sulfonsäurederivate von Benzophenonen, vorzugsweise 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenon-5- sulfonsäure und ihre Salze;
Sulfonsäurederivate des 3-Benzylidencamphers, wie z.B. 4-(2-Oxo-3-bomylidenmethyl)benzol- sulfonsäure und 2-Methyl-5-(2-oxo-3-bornyliden)sulfonsäure und deren Salze.
Als typische UV-A-Filter kommen insbesondere Derivate des Benzoylmethans in Frage, wie beispielsweise 1-(4'-tert.Butylphenyl)-3-(4'-methoxyphenyl)propan-1 ,3-dion, 4-tert.-Butyl-4'-methoxydibenzoyl- methan (Parsol 1789), oder 1-Phenyl-3-(4'-isopropylphenyl)-propan-1 ,3-dion. Die UV-A und UV-B-Filter können selbstverständlich auch in Mischungen eingesetzt werden. Neben den genannten löslichen Stoffen kommen für diesen Zweck auch unlösliche Lichtschutzpigmente, nämlich feindisperse Metalloxide bzw. Salze in Frage. Beispiele für geeignete Metalloxide sind insbesondere Zinkoxid und Titandioxid und daneben Oxide des Eisens, Zirkoniums, Siliciums, Mangans, Aluminiums und Cers sowie
deren Gemische. Als Salze können Silicate (Talk), Bariumsulfat oder Zinkstearat eingesetzt werden. Die Oxide und Salze werden in Form der Pigmente für hautpflegende und hautschützende Emulsionen und dekorative Kosmetik verwendet. Die Partikel sollten dabei einen mittleren Durchmesser von weniger als 100 nm, vorzugsweise zwischen 5 und 50 nm und insbesondere zwischen 15 und 30 nm aufweisen. Sie können eine sphärische Form aufweisen, es können jedoch auch solche Partikel zum Einsatz kommen, die eine ellipsoide oder in sonstiger Weise von der sphärischen Gestalt abweichende Form besitzen. In Sonnenschutzmitteln werden bevorzugt sogenannte Mikro- oder Nanopigmente eingesetzt. Vorzugsweise wird mikronisiertes Zinkoxid verwendet.
Weitere geeignete UV-Lichtschutzfilter sind der Übersicht von P.Finkel in SÖFW-Journal 122, 543 (1996) zu entnehmen.
Neben den beiden vorgenannten Gruppen primärer Lichtschutzstoffe können auch sekundäre Lichtschutzmittel vom Typ der Antioxidantien eingesetzt werden, die die photochemische Reaktionskette unterbrechen, welche ausgelöst wird, wenn UV-Strahlung in die Haut eindringt. Typische Beispiele hierfür sind Aminosäuren (z.B. Glycin, Histidin, Tyrosin, Tryptophan) und deren Derivate, Imidazole (z.B. Urocaninsäure) und deren Derivate, Peptide wie D,L-Camosin, D-Carnosin, L-Camosin und deren Derivate (z.B. Anserin), Carotinoide, Carotine (z.B. α-Carotin, ß-Carotin, Lycopin) und deren Derivate, Chlorogensäure und deren Derivate, Liponsäure und deren Derivate (z.B. Dihydroliponsäure), Auro- thioglucose, Propylthiouracil und andere Thiole (z.B. Thioredoxin, Glutathion, Cystein, Cystin, Cystamin und deren Glycosyl-, N-Acetyl-, Methyl-, Ethyl-, Propyl-, Amyl-, Butyl- und Lauryl-, Palmitoyl-, Oleyl-, γ- Linoleyl-, Cholesteryl- und Glycerylestern) sowie deren Salze, Dilaurylthiodipropionat, Distearylthiodi- propionat, Thiodipropionsäure und deren Derivate (Estern, Ether, Peptide, Lipide, Nukleotide, Nukleo- side und Salze) sowie Sulfoximinverbindungen (z.B. Buthioninsulfoximine, Homocysteinsulfoximin, Butioninsulfone, Penta-, Hexa-, Heptathioninsulfoximin) in sehr geringen verträglichen Dosierungen (z.B. pmol bis μmol/kg), ferner (Metall)-Chelatoren (z.B. α-Hydroxyfettsäuren, Palmitinsäure, Phytin- säure, Lactoferrin), α-Hydroxysäuren (z.B. Citronensäure, Milchsäure, Apfelsäure), Huminsäure, Gallensäure, Gallenextrakte, Bilirubin, Biliverdin, EDTA, EGTA und deren Derivate, ungesättigte Fettsäuren und deren Derivate (z.B. γ-Linolensäure, Linolsäure, Ölsäure), Folsäure und deren Derivate, Ubichinon und Ubichinol und deren Derivate, Vitamin C und Derivate (z.B. Ascorbylpalmitat, Mg-Ascor- bylphosphat, Ascorbylacetat), Tocopherole und Derivate (z.B. Vitamin-E-acetat), Vitamin A und Derivate (Vitamin-A-palmitat) sowie Koniferylbenzoat des Benzoeharzes, Rutinsäure und deren Derivate, α-Glycosylrutin, Ferulasäure, Furfurylidenglucitol, Camosin, Butylhydroxytoluol, Butylhydroxyanisol, Nordihydroguajakharzsäure, Nordihydroguajaretsäure, Trihydroxybutyrophenon, Harnsäure und deren Derivate, Mannose und deren Derivate, Superoxid-Dismutase, Zink und dessen Derivate (z.B. ZnO, ZnS04) Selen und dessen Derivate (z.B. Selen-Methionin), Stilbene und deren Derivate (z.B. Stilbenoxid, trans-Stilbenoxid) und die erfindungsgemäß geeigneten Derivate (Salze, Estern, Ether, Zucker, Nukleotide, Nukleoside, Peptide und Lipide) dieser genannten Wirkstoffe.
Als Konservierungsmittel eignen sich beispielsweise Phenoxyethanol, Formaldehydlösung, Para- bene, Pentandiol oder Sorbinsäure sowie die in Anlage 6, Teil A und B der Kosmetikverordnung aufgeführten weiteren Stoffklassen. Als Insekten-Repellentien kommen N,N-Diethyl-m-touluamid, 1 ,2- Pentandiol oder Insekten-Repellent 3535 in Frage, als Selbstbräuner eignet sich Dihydroxyaceton.
Als Parfümöle seien genannt Gemische aus natürlichen und synthetischen Riechstoffen. Natürliche Riechstoffe sind Extrakte von Blüten (Lilie, Lavendel, Rosen, Jasmin, Neroli, Ylang-Ylang), Stengeln und Blättern (Geranium, Patchouli, Petitgrain), Früchten (Anis, Koriander, Kümmel, Wacholder), Fruchtschalen (Bergamotte, Zitrone, Orangen), Wurzeln (Macis, Angelica, Sellerie, Kardamon, Costus, Iris, Calmus), Hölzern (Pinien-, Sandel-, Guajak-, Zedern-, Rosenholz), Kräutern und Gräsern (Estragon, Lemongras, Salbei, Thymian), Nadeln und Zweigen (Fichte, Tanne, Kiefer, Latschen), Harzen und Balsamen (Galbanum, Elemi, Benzoe, Myrrhe, Olibanum, Opoponax). Weiterhin kommen tierische Rohstoffe in Frage, wie beispielsweise Zibet und Castoreum. Typische synthetische Riechstoffverbindungen sind Produkte vom Typ der Estern, Ether, Aldehyde, Ketone, Alkohole und Kohlenwasserstoffe. Riechstoffverbindungen vom Typ der Estern sind z.B. Benzylacetat, Phenoxyethylisobutyrat, p-tert.-Bu- tylcyclohexylacetat, Linalylacetat, Dimethylbenzylcarbinylacetat, Phenylethylacetat, Linalylbenzoat, Benzylformiat, Ethylmethylphenylglycinat, Allylcyclohexylpropionat, Styrallylpropionat und Benzylsa- licylat. Zu den Ethern zählen beispielsweise Benzylethylether, zu den Aldehyden z.B. die linearen Alkanale mit 8 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen, Citral, Citronellal, Citronellyloxyacetaldehyd, Cyclamenaldehyd, Hydroxycitronellal, Lilial und Bourgeonal, zu den Ketonen z.B. die Jonone, oc-lsomethylionon und Me- thylcedrylketon, zu den Alkoholen Anethol, Citronellol, Eugenol, Isoeugenol, Geraniol, Linalool, Pheny- lethylalkohol und Terpineol, zu den Kohlenwasserstoffen gehören hauptsächlich die Terpene und Balsame. Bevorzugt werden jedoch Mischungen verschiedener Riechstoffe verwendet, die gemeinsam eine ansprechende Duftnote erzeugen. Auch ätherische Öle geringerer Flüchtigkeit, die meist als Aromakomponenten verwendet werden, eignen sich als Parfümöle, z.B. Salbeiöl, Kamillenöl, Nelkenöl, Melissenöl, Minzenöl, Zimtblätteröl, Lindenblütenöl, Wacholderbeerenöl, Vetiveröl, Olibanöl, Galbanu- möl, Labolanumöl und Lavandinöl. Vorzugsweise werden Bergamotteöl, Dihydromyrcenol, Lilial, Lyral, Citronellol, Phenylethylalkohol, α-Hexylzimtaldehyd, Geraniol, Benzylaceton, Cyclamenaldehyd, Linalool, Boisambrene Forte, Ambroxan, Indol, Hedione, Sandelice, Citronenöl, Mandarinenöl, Orangenöl, Allylamylglycolat, Cyclovertal, Lavandinöl, Muskateller Salbeiöl, ß-Damascone, Geraniumöl Bourbon, Cyclohexylsalicylat, Vertofix Coeur, Iso-E-Super, Fixolide NP, Evernyl, Iraldein gamma, Phenylessig- säure, Geranylacetat, Benzylacetat, Rosenoxid, Romilllat, Irotyl und Floramat allein oder in Mischungen, eingesetzt.
Als Farbstoffe können die für kosmetische Zwecke geeigneten und zugelassenen Substanzen verwendet werden, wie sie beispielsweise in der Publikation "Kosmetische Färbemittel" der Farbstoffkommission der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1984, S.81-106
zusammengestellt sind. Diese Farbstoffe werden üblicherweise in Konzentrationen von 0,001 bis 0,1 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die gesamte Mischung, eingesetzt.
Typische Beispiele für keimhemmende Mittel sind Konservierungsmittel mit spezifischer Wirkung gegen grampositive Bakterien wie etwa 2,4,4'-Trichlor-2'-hydroxydiphenylether, Chlorhexidin (1 ,6-Di-(4- chlorphenyl-biguanido)-hexan) oder TCC (3,4,4'-Trichlorcarbanilid). Auch zahlreiche Riechstoffe und etherische Öle weisen antimikrobielle Eigenschaften auf. Typische Beispiele sind die Wirkstoffe Euge- nol, Menthol und Thymol in Nelken-, Minz- und Thymianöl. Ein interessantes natürliches Deomittel ist der Terpenalkohol Famesol (3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol), der im Lindenblütenöl vorhanden ist und einen Maiglöckchengeruch hat. Auch Glycerinmonolaurat hat sich als Bakteriostatikum bewährt. Üblicherweise liegt der Anteil der zusätzlichen keimhemmenden Mittel bei etwa 0,1 bis 2 Gew.-% - bezogen auf den auf den Feststoffanteil der Zubereitungen.
Der Gesamtanteil der Hilfs- und Zusatzstoffe kann 1 bis 50, vorzugsweise 5 bis 40 Gew.-% - bezogen auf die Mittel - betragen. Die Herstellung der Mittel kann durch übliche Kalt - oder Heißprozesse erfolgen; vorzugsweise arbeitet man nach der Phaseninversionstemperatur-Methode.
Beispiele:
Es wurden verschiedene Emulsionen (Beispiele 1 bis 7) hergestellt, welche die erfindungsgemäßen Glycosidestem und verschiedene Pigmente enthalten. Als Maß für die Dispergierfähigkeit wurde die Feinteiligkeit der Pigmente auf einer Skala von 1 bis 5 im Vergleich zu den Emulsionen (V1 und 2) ohne entsprechende Glycosidester bestimmt (Mikroskopie 400x). Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 1 zusammengefaßt. Die Stabilität der Emulsionene wurde mit (-) = weniger stabil bei Lagerung, (+) = stabil und (++) = sehr stabil beurteilt.
Tabelle 1 : O/W- und W/O-Emulsionen (Mengenangaben als Gew.-%).
-"•) Silicat gecoatet < 10Onm
Claims
1. Verwendung von Alkyl- und/oder Alkenyloligoglykosid-Fettsäureestem als Pigmentdispergatoren zur Herstellung von kosmetischen und/oder pharmazeutischen Zubereitungen.
2. Verwendung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man Fettsäureestern von Alkyl- und Alkenyloligoglykosiden der Formel (I) einsetzt,
in der R1 für einen Alkyl- und/oder Alkenylrest mit 4 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, G für einen Zuckerrest mit 5 oder 6 Kohlenstoffatomen und p für Zahlen von 1 bis 10 steht.
3. Verwendung nach den Ansprüchen 1 und/oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man Estern von Fettsäuren der Formel (II) einsetzt,
R2CO-OH (II)
in der R2CO für einen aliphatischen, linearen oder verzweigten Acylrest mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen steht.
4. Verwendung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man Mono- und/oder Diestern von Alkyloligoglycosiden mit 12 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen im Alkylrest und Fettsäuren mit 16 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen einsetzt.
5. Verwendung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Glykosidestern in Mengen von 1 bis 10 Gew.-% - bezogen auf die Endkonzentration - einsetzt.
6. Verwendung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Glykosidestern in Mengen von 4 bis 6 Gew.-% - bezogen auf die Endkonzentration - einsetzt.
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DE19956603.8 | 1999-11-25 | ||
DE19956603A DE19956603A1 (de) | 1999-11-25 | 1999-11-25 | Verwendung von Alkyl- und/oder Alkenyloligoglykosid-Fettsäureestern als Pigmetndispergator |
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WO2001037791A2 true WO2001037791A2 (de) | 2001-05-31 |
WO2001037791A3 WO2001037791A3 (de) | 2001-12-27 |
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FR2877569B1 (fr) * | 2004-11-05 | 2008-08-29 | Gattefosse Sas | Agent mouillant a base d'un melange de monoesters et de diesters de butylene glycol |
FR2877570B3 (fr) * | 2004-11-05 | 2007-01-12 | Gattefosse Sas Soc Par Actions | Agent mouillant a base d'un melange de monoesters et de diesters de butylene glycol |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4229442A1 (de) * | 1992-09-03 | 1994-03-10 | Henkel Kgaa | Dispergiermittel |
DE19752564A1 (de) * | 1997-11-27 | 1999-07-01 | Henkel Kgaa | Pigmentdispersionen |
US5939081A (en) * | 1996-02-27 | 1999-08-17 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Esters of alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides with fatty acids |
DE19916208A1 (de) * | 1999-04-10 | 2000-10-19 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh | Sonnenschutzmittel |
-
1999
- 1999-11-25 DE DE19956603A patent/DE19956603A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2000
- 2000-11-27 WO PCT/EP2000/011856 patent/WO2001037791A2/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4229442A1 (de) * | 1992-09-03 | 1994-03-10 | Henkel Kgaa | Dispergiermittel |
US5939081A (en) * | 1996-02-27 | 1999-08-17 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Esters of alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides with fatty acids |
DE19752564A1 (de) * | 1997-11-27 | 1999-07-01 | Henkel Kgaa | Pigmentdispersionen |
DE19916208A1 (de) * | 1999-04-10 | 2000-10-19 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh | Sonnenschutzmittel |
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