WO2001018375A1 - Cylinder head for an internal combustion piston engine - Google Patents

Cylinder head for an internal combustion piston engine

Info

Publication number
WO2001018375A1
WO2001018375A1 PCT/EP2000/007868 EP0007868W WO0118375A1 WO 2001018375 A1 WO2001018375 A1 WO 2001018375A1 EP 0007868 W EP0007868 W EP 0007868W WO 0118375 A1 WO0118375 A1 WO 0118375A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cylinder head
cast iron
cylinder
gas
internal combustion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2000/007868
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Nico Johan Van Bezeij
Original Assignee
Eisenwerk Brühl GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eisenwerk Brühl GmbH filed Critical Eisenwerk Brühl GmbH
Publication of WO2001018375A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001018375A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/42—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
    • F02F1/4214—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads specially adapted for four or more valves per cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/244—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/247—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads the valve stems being orientated in parallel with the cylinder axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F2200/00—Manufacturing
    • F02F2200/06—Casting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
    • F05C2201/0436—Iron
    • F05C2201/0439—Cast iron
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2203/00—Non-metallic inorganic materials
    • F05C2203/08—Ceramics; Oxides
    • F05C2203/0804—Non-oxide ceramics
    • F05C2203/0808—Carbon, e.g. graphite

Definitions

  • the cylinder blocks are made of cast iron with lamellar graphite, both with regard to the costs and with regard to the particular advantages of the material.
  • the high damping capacity and, if the cast skin is preserved, the corrosion resistance also play a major role.
  • a disadvantage of cast iron with lamellar graphite is that the branched graphite lamella interrupt the metallic matrix, so that the tensile strength is limited and the material has no ductility.
  • the invention is based on the object of Piston internal combustion engine to create a cylinder head that corresponds to the material properties of the material of the engine block.
  • a cylinder head for a piston internal combustion engine made of cast iron with Ver ikulargraphit with each cylinder at least one gas inlet channel with at least one assigned inlet valve and at least one gas outlet channel with at least one assigned outlet valve.
  • vermicular graphite offers the advantage that on the one hand both the cylinder block and the cylinder head consist of practically one material and are therefore approximately identical in terms of their thermal properties.
  • the particular advantage of a cylinder head made of cast iron with vermicular graphite is that on the one hand this cast iron has approximately the ductility and tensile strength of a cast iron with spheroidal graphite and can therefore be exposed to dynamic and pulsating loads.
  • the graphite lamellae at vermicular graphite are no longer tapering at their ends, but rather thickened at the ends as a result of a special melt treatment. This avoids the notch effect in cast iron with laminar graphite due to the tapering graphite flakes, so that a cast iron with vermicular graphite exhibits measurable elongation and thus the good properties of a cast iron with flake graphite, such as high damping capacity, with those of spheroidal graphite cast iron. namely improvement of ductility, is united.
  • a cast iron with vermicular graphite retains the good castability of a high-carbon cast iron material, it is possible to cast a casting as complex as a cylinder head, even in a thin-walled version. This creates ideal conditions for casting a large series in sand casting, since the use of stable cores is possible. Since vermicular graphite cast iron has a low thermal conductivity, the heat exchange between the hot exhaust gas of the piston internal combustion engine and the
  • Engine coolant coolant lower than when using an aluminum cylinder head. This means that at higher exhaust gas temperatures there is also a higher energy supply for a downstream turbocharger, so that the efficiency of the piston internal combustion engine can be improved.
  • a cylinder head of the type according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable for piston internal combustion engines with high hem combustion pressure, ie supercharged piston internal combustion engines with spark ignition and spark ignition.
  • a particular advantage of the design of a cylinder head for a piston internal combustion engine from a cast iron with vermicular graphite is further that in view of the strength properties of this material on the one hand and the special design of the iron matrix in connection with the graphite deposits on the other hand, the need for guide sleeves for the cylinder head is eliminated to use the gas exchange valves made of a different material. Rather, it is possible, according to the invention, to incorporate the guides for the gas exchange valves directly into the cast iron material, since the wear resistance of a cast iron with vermicular graphite in connection with the self-lubricating properties via the graphite deposits in connection with the engine oil lubrication fulfills the required service life.
  • valve seats of the gas exchange valves are incorporated directly into the cylinder head material.
  • the favorable material properties of a cast iron with vermicular graphite offer the possibility that valve seat rings made of a different material can be omitted and the valve seats can be worked directly into the material of the cylinder head.
  • the cylinder head is formed by pearlitic cast iron with vermicular graphite. This offers the possibility of inductively hardening the guides for the gas exchange valves and / or the areas of the valve seats.
  • the good castability of high-carbon types of cast iron which also includes a cast iron with vermicular graphite, also offers the advantage that the wall thicknesses of the inlet channels and the outlet channels and predominantly all web-shaped and / or - have wall-shaped areas of a cylinder head continuously about 3 mm. Without changing the structural strength, it is possible to create cylinder heads that can withstand the required mechanical and / or thermal stresses, but still have a low weight.
  • the cylinder head of the type according to the invention is particularly advantageous for piston internal combustion engines in which two intake valves and two exhaust valves are provided per cylinder.
  • a very complicated design is required, in particular for the geometry of the gas inlet with two separate gas inlet channels.
  • Fig. 1 shows a partial horizontal section through a cylinder head at the height of the gas inlet and gas outlet channels. the line I-I in Fig. 2,
  • Fig. 2 is a vertical section along the line II-II in
  • Fig. 1 on a larger scale.
  • FIG. 1 The partial horizontal section shown in FIG. 1 through a cylinder head of a piston internal combustion engine with auto-ignition, which represents the area above an indicated cylinder 1, shows that cylinder 1 is assigned two gas inlet openings 2.1, 2.2, and two gas outlet openings 3.1, 3.2, respectively, are provided for the corresponding gas exchange valves. An opening 5 is then provided in the region of the cylinder axis 4 for the introduction of an injection nozzle.
  • Separate gas inlet channels 6.1 and 6.2 are correspondingly assigned to the two gas inlet openings 2.1 and 2.2, the gas inlet channel 6.1 being designed in the transition to the gas inlet opening 2.1 as a so-called spiral inlet in order to impart a swirl to the gas flowing into the cylinder 1 during the intake stroke, which leads to an improved Mixing of the fuel-air mixture in the cylinder causes.
  • the gas outlet openings 3.1 and 3.2 open into a common gas outlet channel 7.
  • Both the gas inlet ducts 6.1 and 6.2 and the gas outlet duct 7 are each provided at the end with a flange region 8 or 9, to which the air intake tract on the one hand and the gas outlet tract on the other hand can be flanged.
  • the cylinder head in the region of a cylinder is provided with four through holes 10 which are each guided through so-called columns 11.
  • a vertical section along the line II-II in Fig. 1 is shown on a larger scale.
  • the sectional view shows that the gas inlet openings, here the gas inlet opening 2.1 and the gas outlet openings, here the gas outlet opening 3.1, are designed as valve seats 16 in their transition region into the cylinder space 15.
  • the exemplary embodiment shown here consists of pearlitic gray cast iron with Verimikulargraphit, so that the valve seats 16 for the intake valve 17 and the exhaust valve 18, which are only indicated schematically by dash-dotted lines, are incorporated directly into the material of the cylinder head. The introduction of separate valve seat rings can thus be omitted.
  • the area of the cylinder head material that delimits the valve seats 16 is inductively hardened.
  • sleeve-shaped guides 19 for the stems of the gas exchange valves 17 and 18 are formed in the cylinder head. Due to the special material properties of cast iron with vermicular graphite, the use of special guide sleeves, for example made of bronze or steel, can also be omitted here, so that the stems of the gas exchange valves 17 and 18 can be guided directly over the molded sleeves 19 of the cylinder head.
  • the cylinder head provided for a piston internal combustion engine with auto-ignition is flat on its side facing the schematically indicated engine block 20, with the lower surface 21 of the cylinder head forming a flat combustion chamber roof.
  • the area of the gas inlet and gas outlet openings would have to be designed in such a way that they each run into a roof of the combustion chamber which rises in a roof-shaped manner to the cylinder axis 14.
  • the necessary spark plug would then have to be arranged in the opening 5 to be designed accordingly.
  • the injection nozzle between the two gas inlet channels 6.1 and 6.2 would have to be arranged obliquely into the cylinder space, as indicated by the opening 22 in FIG. 1.
  • the region of the cylinder head which is arranged above the lower surface 21 and surrounds the gas inlet channels 6 and the gas outlet channels 7 is designed as a coolant passage 12, so that the coolant both below the gas inlet channels 6 and the gas outlet channels 7 and above the
  • Gas inlet channels 6 and the gas outlet channels 7 can be passed through accordingly.
  • the wall thicknesses of the gas inlet channels 6 and the gas outlet channels 7 and predominantly all other web-shaped and / or wall-shaped parts are essentially of the same wall thickness, a wall thickness of 3 mm being maintained here can.
  • the coolant of the piston internal combustion engine flows around the gas outlet channels 7. Since cast iron with vermicular graphite has a reduced thermal conductivity compared to other cylinder head materials, for example aluminum, a correspondingly smaller amount of heat is extracted from the exhaust gas in this area, so that a higher energy supply is available for an exhaust gas turbine of a downstream turbocharger.

Abstract

The invention relates to a cylinder head for an internal combustion piston engine. The cylinder head consists of cast iron with vermicular graphite. Each cylinder head (1) is provided with at least one gas inlet channel (6) having at least one allocated inlet valve (17) and at least one gas outlet channel (7) having at least one allocated outlet valve (18).

Description

Bezeichnung: Zylinderkopf für eine KolbenbrennkraftmaschineDescription: Cylinder head for a piston internal combustion engine
Beschreibungdescription
Für Kolbenbrennkraftmaschinen werden die Zylinderblöcke sowohl im Hinblick auf die Kosten als auch im Hinblick auf die besonderen Vorteile des Werkstoffs aus Gußeisen mit Lamellengraphit hergestellt. Neben der guten Gießbarkeit und auch der guten Bearbeitbarkeit von Gußeisen mit Lamellengraphit spielt auch das hohe Dämpfungsvermögen und bei Erhalt der Gußhaut auch die Korrosionsbeständigkeit eine große Rolle. Ein Nachteil des Gußeisens mit Lamellengraphit ist dadurch gegeben, daß die verästelten Graphitlamellen die metallische Matrix unterbrechen, so daß die Zugefestigkeit begrenzt ist und der Werkstoff keine Dehnbarkeit besitzt. Diese Materialeigenschaften begrenzten bisher den Einsatz von Gußeisen auf die Herstellung von Zylinderblöcken, die praktisch nur statisch beansprucht werden. Dementsprechend bestand die Notwendigkeit, für die Zylinderköpfe andere Materialien einzusetzen, wie beispielsweise Aluminium.For piston internal combustion engines, the cylinder blocks are made of cast iron with lamellar graphite, both with regard to the costs and with regard to the particular advantages of the material. In addition to the good castability and the good machinability of cast iron with lamellar graphite, the high damping capacity and, if the cast skin is preserved, the corrosion resistance also play a major role. A disadvantage of cast iron with lamellar graphite is that the branched graphite lamella interrupt the metallic matrix, so that the tensile strength is limited and the material has no ductility. These material properties have hitherto limited the use of cast iron to the manufacture of cylinder blocks which are practically only subject to static loads. Accordingly, there has been a need to use other materials for the cylinder heads, such as aluminum.
Da jedoch bei Werkstoffpaarungen von derart unterschiedlichen Werkstoffen wie Gußeisen für den Zylinderblock auf der einen Seite und Aluminium für den Zylinderkopf auf der anderen Sei- te hinsichtlich der unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Wärmedehnung Probleme auftreten können, liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, für eine Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine einen Zylinderkopf zu schaffen, der von den Materialeigenschaften her dem Material des Motorblocks entspricht.However, since material pairings of such different materials as cast iron for the cylinder block on one side and aluminum for the cylinder head on the other side can cause problems with regard to the different properties, in particular with regard to thermal expansion, the invention is based on the object of Piston internal combustion engine to create a cylinder head that corresponds to the material properties of the material of the engine block.
Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung gelöst durch einen Zylinderkopf für eine Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine aus Gußeisen mit Ver ikulargraphit mit je Zylinder wenigstens einem Gaseinlaß- kanal mit wenigstens einem zugeordneten Einlaßventil und wenigstens einem Gasauslaßkanal mit wenigstens einem zugeordneten Auslaßventil. Die Verwendung von Vermikulargraphit bietet den Vorteil, daß zum einen sowohl der Zylinderblock als auch der Zylinderkopf aus praktisch einem Material bestehen und damit hinsichtlich der thermischen Eigenschaften etwa identisch sind. Der beson- dere Vorteil eines Zylinderkopfs aus Gußeisen mit Vermikulargraphit besteht darin, daß dieses Gußeisen einerseits in etwa die Duktilität und Zugfestigkeit eines Gußeisens mit Kugelgraphit aufweist und damit dynamischen und pulsierenden Beanspruchungen ausgesetzt werden kann. Gegenüber einem Gußeisen mit Lamellengraphit sind bei Vermikulargraphit die Graphitlamellen an ihren Enden nicht mehr spitz zulaufend, sondern infolge einer speziellen Schmelzbehandlung an den Enden keulenartig verdickt ausgebildet. Damit wird die beim Gußeisen mit Laminargraphit infolge der spitz zulaufenden Graphitla- mellen verursachte Kerbwirkung vermieden, so daß ein Gußeisen mit Vermikulargraphit eine meßbare Dehnung aufweist und somit die guten Eigenschaften eines Gußeisens mit Lamellengraphit, wie beispielsweise hohes Dämpfungsvermögen, mit denen des Gußeisens mit Kugelgraphit, nämlich Verbesserung der Duktili- tat, vereint ist.This object is achieved according to the invention by a cylinder head for a piston internal combustion engine made of cast iron with Ver ikulargraphit with each cylinder at least one gas inlet channel with at least one assigned inlet valve and at least one gas outlet channel with at least one assigned outlet valve. The use of vermicular graphite offers the advantage that on the one hand both the cylinder block and the cylinder head consist of practically one material and are therefore approximately identical in terms of their thermal properties. The particular advantage of a cylinder head made of cast iron with vermicular graphite is that on the one hand this cast iron has approximately the ductility and tensile strength of a cast iron with spheroidal graphite and can therefore be exposed to dynamic and pulsating loads. Compared to a cast iron with lamellar graphite, the graphite lamellae at vermicular graphite are no longer tapering at their ends, but rather thickened at the ends as a result of a special melt treatment. This avoids the notch effect in cast iron with laminar graphite due to the tapering graphite flakes, so that a cast iron with vermicular graphite exhibits measurable elongation and thus the good properties of a cast iron with flake graphite, such as high damping capacity, with those of spheroidal graphite cast iron. namely improvement of ductility, is united.
Da bei einem Gußeisen mit Vermikulargraphit die gute Gießbarkeit eines hochgekohlten Gußeisenwerkstoffs erhalten bleibt, besteht die Möglichkeit, ein so komplexes Gußstück, wie einen Zylinderkopf auch in dünnwandiger Ausführung abzugießen. Damit werden für das Gießen einer Großserie im Sandguß ideale Bedingungen geschaffen, da die Verwendung von stabilen Kernen für möglich ist. Da Gußeisen mit Vermikulargraphit eine niedrige Wärmeleitfähigkeit aufweist, ist der Wärmeaustausch zwi- sehen dem heißen Abgas der Kolbenbrennkraf maschine und demSince a cast iron with vermicular graphite retains the good castability of a high-carbon cast iron material, it is possible to cast a casting as complex as a cylinder head, even in a thin-walled version. This creates ideal conditions for casting a large series in sand casting, since the use of stable cores is possible. Since vermicular graphite cast iron has a low thermal conductivity, the heat exchange between the hot exhaust gas of the piston internal combustion engine and the
Kühlmittel der Motorkühlung niedriger als bei der Verwendung eines Zylinderkopfes aus Aluminium. Das bedeutet, daß bei höheren Abgastemperaturen auch ein höheres Energieangebot für einen nachgeschalteten Turbolader zur Verfügung steht, so daß der Wirkungsgrad der Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine verbessert werden kann. Ein Zylinderkopf der erfindungsgemäßen Art ist daher besonders geeignet für Kolbenbrennkraftmaschinen mit ho- hem Verbrennungsdruck, d. h. aufgeladene Kolbenbrennkraftmaschinen mit Selbstzündung und mit Fremdzündung.Engine coolant coolant lower than when using an aluminum cylinder head. This means that at higher exhaust gas temperatures there is also a higher energy supply for a downstream turbocharger, so that the efficiency of the piston internal combustion engine can be improved. A cylinder head of the type according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable for piston internal combustion engines with high hem combustion pressure, ie supercharged piston internal combustion engines with spark ignition and spark ignition.
Ein besonderer Vorteil der Ausbildung eines Zylinderkopfes für eine Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine aus einem Gußeisen mit Vermikulargraphit besteht ferner darin, daß im Hinblick auf die Festigkeitseigenschaften dieses Materials einerseits und der besonderen Ausbildung der Eisenmatrix in Verbindung mit den Graphitablagerungen andererseits, die Notwendigkeit entfällt, in den Zylinderkopf Führungshülsen für die Gaswechselventile aus einem anderen Material einsetzen zu müssen. Vielmehr ist es möglich, erfindungsgemäß die Führungen für die Gaswechselventile unmittelbar in das Gußeisenmaterial einzuarbeiten, da die Verschleißfestigkeit eines Gußeisens mit Vermikulargra- phit in Verbindung mit dem Selbstschmiereigenschaften über die Graphitablagerungen in Verbindung mit der Motorölschmie- rung die geforderte Lebensdauer erfüllt.A particular advantage of the design of a cylinder head for a piston internal combustion engine from a cast iron with vermicular graphite is further that in view of the strength properties of this material on the one hand and the special design of the iron matrix in connection with the graphite deposits on the other hand, the need for guide sleeves for the cylinder head is eliminated to use the gas exchange valves made of a different material. Rather, it is possible, according to the invention, to incorporate the guides for the gas exchange valves directly into the cast iron material, since the wear resistance of a cast iron with vermicular graphite in connection with the self-lubricating properties via the graphite deposits in connection with the engine oil lubrication fulfills the required service life.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß die Ventilsitze der Gaswechselventile unmittelbar in das Zylinderkopfmaterial eingearbeitet sind. Die günstigen Werkstoffeigenschaften eines Gußeisens mit Vermikulargraphit bieten hierbei die Möglichkeit, daß eingesetzte Ventilsitzringe aus einem anderen Material entfallen können und die Ventil- sitze unmittelbar in das Material des Zylinderkopfes eingearbeitet werden können.In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the valve seats of the gas exchange valves are incorporated directly into the cylinder head material. The favorable material properties of a cast iron with vermicular graphite offer the possibility that valve seat rings made of a different material can be omitted and the valve seats can be worked directly into the material of the cylinder head.
In besonders vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß der Zylinderkopf durch perlitisches Gußeisen mit Vermikulargraphit gebildet wird. Dies bietet die Möglichkeit, die Führungen für die Gaswechselventile und/oder die Bereiche der Ventilsitze induktiv zu härten.In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention it is provided that the cylinder head is formed by pearlitic cast iron with vermicular graphite. This offers the possibility of inductively hardening the guides for the gas exchange valves and / or the areas of the valve seats.
Die gute Gießbarkeit von hochgekohlten Gußeisensorten, zu de- nen auch ein Gußeisen mit Vermikulargraphit gehört, bietet ferner den Vorteil, daß die Wandstärken der Einlaßkanäle und der Auslaßkanäle und überwiegend alle stegförmigen und/oder — wandförmigen Bereiche eines Zylinderkopfes durchgehend etwa 3 mm aufweisen. Ohne Änderung der Gestaltfestigkeit ist es damit möglich, Zylinderköpfe zu schaffen, die den geforderten mechanischen und/oder thermischen Beanspruchungen standhal- ten, gleichwohl ein niedriges Gewicht aufwiesen.The good castability of high-carbon types of cast iron, which also includes a cast iron with vermicular graphite, also offers the advantage that the wall thicknesses of the inlet channels and the outlet channels and predominantly all web-shaped and / or - have wall-shaped areas of a cylinder head continuously about 3 mm. Without changing the structural strength, it is possible to create cylinder heads that can withstand the required mechanical and / or thermal stresses, but still have a low weight.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist der Zylinderkopf der erfindungsgemäßen Art für Kolbenbrennkraftmaschinen, bei denen je Zylinder zwei Einlaßventile und zwei Auslaßventile vorgesehen sind. Bei dieser Anwendung ist insbesondere für die Geometrie des Gaseinlasses mit zwei getrennten Gaseinlaßkanälen eine sehr komplizierte Gestaltung erforderlich. Bei gegebenen relativ kleinen Zylinderdurchmessern von beispielsweise 70 mm ist nur mit den vorstehend bezeichneten geringen Wandstärken auch eine Reduzierung der Baugröße und eine Reduzierung des Gewichtes im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Bauformen möglich.The cylinder head of the type according to the invention is particularly advantageous for piston internal combustion engines in which two intake valves and two exhaust valves are provided per cylinder. In this application, a very complicated design is required, in particular for the geometry of the gas inlet with two separate gas inlet channels. Given the relatively small cylinder diameters of, for example, 70 mm, it is only possible to reduce the size and reduce the weight compared to conventional designs with the small wall thicknesses described above.
Die Erfindung wird anhand schematischer Zeichnungen eines Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert. Es zeigen:The invention is explained in more detail with reference to schematic drawings of an embodiment. Show it:
Fig. 1 einen Teilhorizontalschnitt durch einen Zylinderkopf in der Höhe der Gaseinlaß- und Gasauslaßkanäle gem. der Linie I-I in Fig. 2,Fig. 1 shows a partial horizontal section through a cylinder head at the height of the gas inlet and gas outlet channels. the line I-I in Fig. 2,
Fig. 2 einen Vertikalschnitt gemäß der Linie II-II inFig. 2 is a vertical section along the line II-II in
Fig. 1 in größerem Maßstab.Fig. 1 on a larger scale.
Der in Fig. 1 wiedergegebene Teilhorizontalschnitt durch einen Zylinderkopf einer Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine mit Selbst- zündung, der den Bereich oberhalb eines angedeuteten Zylinders 1 darstellt, läßt erkennen, daß dem Zylinder 1 jeweils zwei Gaseinlaßoffnungen 2.1, 2.2, und zwei Gasauslaßöffnungen 3.1, 3.2 zugeordnet sind, für die entsprechende Gaswechselventile vorgesehen sind. Im Bereich der Zylinderachse 4 ist dann eine Öffnung 5 für die Einführung einer Einspritzdüse vorgesehen . Den beiden Gaseinlaßöffnungen 2.1 und 2.2 sind entsprechend gesonderte Gaseinlaßkanäle 6.1 und 6.2 zugeordnet, wobei der Gaseinlaßkanal 6.1 im Übergang zur Gaseinlaßöffnung 2.1 als sogenannter Spiraleinlaß ausgebildet ist, um dem in den Zy- linder 1 beim Ansaughub einströmenden Gas einen Drall aufzuprägen, der zu einer verbesserten Durchmischung des Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisches im Zylinder bewirkt.The partial horizontal section shown in FIG. 1 through a cylinder head of a piston internal combustion engine with auto-ignition, which represents the area above an indicated cylinder 1, shows that cylinder 1 is assigned two gas inlet openings 2.1, 2.2, and two gas outlet openings 3.1, 3.2, respectively, are provided for the corresponding gas exchange valves. An opening 5 is then provided in the region of the cylinder axis 4 for the introduction of an injection nozzle. Separate gas inlet channels 6.1 and 6.2 are correspondingly assigned to the two gas inlet openings 2.1 and 2.2, the gas inlet channel 6.1 being designed in the transition to the gas inlet opening 2.1 as a so-called spiral inlet in order to impart a swirl to the gas flowing into the cylinder 1 during the intake stroke, which leads to an improved Mixing of the fuel-air mixture in the cylinder causes.
Die Gasauslaßöffnungen 3.1 und 3.2 münden in einen gemeinsa- men Gasaulaßkanal 7 ein.The gas outlet openings 3.1 and 3.2 open into a common gas outlet channel 7.
Sowohl die Gaseinlaßkanäle 6.1 und 6.2 als auch der Gasauslaßkanal 7 sind jeweils endseitig mit einem Flanschbereich 8 bzw. 9 versehen, an dem jeweils der Luftansaugtrakt einer- seits und der Gasauslaßtrakt andererseits anflanschbar ist.Both the gas inlet ducts 6.1 and 6.2 and the gas outlet duct 7 are each provided at the end with a flange region 8 or 9, to which the air intake tract on the one hand and the gas outlet tract on the other hand can be flanged.
Wie die Schnittdarstellung gemäß Fig. 1 erkennen läßt, ist der Zylinderkopf im Bereich eines Zylinders jeweils mit vier Durchgangslöchern 10 versehen, die jeweils durch sogenannte Säulen 11 geführt sind.As can be seen from the sectional view according to FIG. 1, the cylinder head in the region of a cylinder is provided with four through holes 10 which are each guided through so-called columns 11.
In Fig. 2 ist ein Vertikalschnitt gemäß der Linie II-II in Fig. 1 in größerem Maßstab dargestellt. Die Schnittdarstellung läßt erkennen, daß die Gaseinlaßoffnungen, hier die Ga- seinlaßöffnung 2.1 und die Gasauslaßöffnungen, hier die Gasauslaßöffnung 3.1, in ihrem Übergangsbereich in den Zylinderraum 15 als Ventilsitze 16 ausgebildet sind. Das hier dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel besteht aus perlitischem Grauguß mit Verimikulargraphit , so daß die Ventilsitze 16 für das hier nur schematisch strichpunktiert angedeutete Einlaßventil 17 und das Auslaßventil 18 unmittelbar in das Material des Zylinderkopfes eingearbeitet sind. Die Einführung gesonderter Ventilsitzringe kann somit entfallen. Um hier die Widerstandsfähigkeit der Ventilsitze zu verbessern, ist der die Ventilsitze 16 begrenzende Bereich des Zylinderkopfmaterials induktiv gehärtet. Oberhalb der Ventilsitze 16 und koaxial hierzu sind im Zylinderkopf hülsenförmige Führungen 19 für die Schäfte der Gaswechselventile 17 und 18 eingeformt. Aufgrund der besonderen Materialeigenschaften von Gußeisen mit Vermikulargraphit kann auch hier die Verwendung besonderer Führungshülsen, beispielsweise aus Bronze oder Stahl entfallen, so daß die Schäfte der Gaswechselventile 17 und 18 unmittelbar über die angeformten Hülsen 19 des Zylinderkopfes geführt werden können.In Fig. 2, a vertical section along the line II-II in Fig. 1 is shown on a larger scale. The sectional view shows that the gas inlet openings, here the gas inlet opening 2.1 and the gas outlet openings, here the gas outlet opening 3.1, are designed as valve seats 16 in their transition region into the cylinder space 15. The exemplary embodiment shown here consists of pearlitic gray cast iron with Verimikulargraphit, so that the valve seats 16 for the intake valve 17 and the exhaust valve 18, which are only indicated schematically by dash-dotted lines, are incorporated directly into the material of the cylinder head. The introduction of separate valve seat rings can thus be omitted. In order to improve the resistance of the valve seats here, the area of the cylinder head material that delimits the valve seats 16 is inductively hardened. Above the valve seats 16 and coaxially thereto, sleeve-shaped guides 19 for the stems of the gas exchange valves 17 and 18 are formed in the cylinder head. Due to the special material properties of cast iron with vermicular graphite, the use of special guide sleeves, for example made of bronze or steel, can also be omitted here, so that the stems of the gas exchange valves 17 and 18 can be guided directly over the molded sleeves 19 of the cylinder head.
Der für eine Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine mit Selbstzündung vorgesehene Zylinderkopf ist auf seiner dem schematisch angedeuteten Motorblock 20 zugekehrten Seite ebenflächig ausgebildet, wobei bei hier die Unterfläche 21 des Zylinderkopfes ein ebenflächiges Brennraumdach bildet.The cylinder head provided for a piston internal combustion engine with auto-ignition is flat on its side facing the schematically indicated engine block 20, with the lower surface 21 of the cylinder head forming a flat combustion chamber roof.
Für eine Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine mit Fremdzündung wäre der Bereich der Gaseinlaß- und Gasauslaßöffnungen jedoch so auszubilden, daß diese jeweils in ein dachförmig zur Zylin- derachse 14 ansteigendes Brennraumdach auslaufen. Die notwendige Zündkerze wäre dann in der entsprechend zu gestaltenden Öffnung 5 anzuordnen. Bei einer Kraftstoffdirekteinspritzung wäre die Einspritzdüse zwischen den beiden Gaseinlaßkanälen 6.1 und 6.2 schräg in den Zylinderraum hinein ausgerichtet anzuordnen, wie dies in Fig. 1 mit der Öffnung 22 angedeutet ist.For a piston internal combustion engine with spark ignition, however, the area of the gas inlet and gas outlet openings would have to be designed in such a way that they each run into a roof of the combustion chamber which rises in a roof-shaped manner to the cylinder axis 14. The necessary spark plug would then have to be arranged in the opening 5 to be designed accordingly. In the case of direct fuel injection, the injection nozzle between the two gas inlet channels 6.1 and 6.2 would have to be arranged obliquely into the cylinder space, as indicated by the opening 22 in FIG. 1.
Bei einer Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine mit Selbstzündung ist an dieser Stelle die Glühkerze zu plazieren.In the case of a piston internal combustion engine with auto-ignition, the glow plug is to be placed here.
Der oberhalb der Unterfläche 21 angeordnete, die Gaseinlaßkanäle 6 und die Gasauslaßkanäle 7 umschließende Bereich des Zylinderkopfes ist als Kühlmitteldurchtritt 12 ausgebildet, so daß das Kühlmittel sowohl unterhalb der Gasein- laßkanäle 6 und der Gasauslaßkanäle 7 als auch oberhalb derThe region of the cylinder head which is arranged above the lower surface 21 and surrounds the gas inlet channels 6 and the gas outlet channels 7 is designed as a coolant passage 12, so that the coolant both below the gas inlet channels 6 and the gas outlet channels 7 and above the
Gaseinlaßkanäle 6 und der Gasauslaßkanäle 7 entsprechend hindurchgeführt v/erden kann. Wie die SchnittZeichnung gemäß Fig. 2 erkennen läßt, sind die Wandstärken der Gaseinlaßkanäle 6 und der Gasauslaßkanäle 7 und überwiegend alle anderen stegförmigen und/oder wandförmi- gen Teile im wesentlichen durchgehend mit der gleichen Wandstärke ausgebildet, wobei hier eine Wandstärke von 3 mm eingehalten werden kann.Gas inlet channels 6 and the gas outlet channels 7 can be passed through accordingly. As can be seen from the sectional drawing according to FIG. 2, the wall thicknesses of the gas inlet channels 6 and the gas outlet channels 7 and predominantly all other web-shaped and / or wall-shaped parts are essentially of the same wall thickness, a wall thickness of 3 mm being maintained here can.
Wie Fig. 2 ferner erkennen läßt, sind die Gasauslaßkanäle 7 vom Kühlmittel der Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine umströmt sind. Da Gußeisen mit Vermikulargraphit eine gegenüber anderen Zylinderkopfwerkstoffen, beispielsweise Aluminium, reduzierte Wärmeleitfähigkeit aufweist, wird in diesem Bereich dem Abgas auch eine entsprechend geringere Wärmemenge entzogen, so daß für eine Abgasturbine eines nachgeschalteten Turboladers ein höheres Energieangebot zur Verfügung steht. As can also be seen in FIG. 2, the coolant of the piston internal combustion engine flows around the gas outlet channels 7. Since cast iron with vermicular graphite has a reduced thermal conductivity compared to other cylinder head materials, for example aluminum, a correspondingly smaller amount of heat is extracted from the exhaust gas in this area, so that a higher energy supply is available for an exhaust gas turbine of a downstream turbocharger.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Zylinderkopf für eine Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine aus Gußeisen mit Vermikulargraphit mit je Zylinder (1) wenigstens ei- ne Gaseinlaßkanal (6) mit wenigstens einem zugeordneten Einlaßventil (17) und wenigstens einem Gasauslaßkanal (7) mit wenigstens einem zugeordneten Auslaßventil (18).1. Cylinder head for a piston internal combustion engine made of cast iron with vermicular graphite, each cylinder (1) with at least one gas inlet channel (6) with at least one assigned inlet valve (17) and at least one gas outlet channel (7) with at least one assigned outlet valve (18).
2. Zylinderkopf nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Führungen (19) für die Gaswechselventile (17, 18) durch das Zylinderkopfmaterial des Zylinderkopfes selbst gebildet werden.2. Cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that the guides (19) for the gas exchange valves (17, 18) are formed by the cylinder head material of the cylinder head itself.
3. Zylinderkopf nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeich- net, daß die Ventilsitze (16) unmittelbar in das Zylinderkopfmaterial eingearbeitet sind.3. Cylinder head according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the valve seats (16) are incorporated directly into the cylinder head material.
4. Zylinderkopf nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, gekennzeichnet durch perlitisches Gußeisen mit Vermikulargraphit als Zylinderkopfmaterial.4. Cylinder head according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by pearlitic cast iron with vermicular graphite as the cylinder head material.
5. Zylinderkopf nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch he- kennzeichnet, daß die Ventilsitze (16) und/oder die Führungen (19) für die Gaswechselventile (17, 18) gehärtet sind.5. Cylinder head according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the valve seats (16) and / or the guides (19) for the gas exchange valves (17, 18) are hardened.
6. Zylinderkopf nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wandstärken der Gaseinlaßkanäle (6) und der Gasauslaßkanäle (7) und überwiegend alle stegförmigen und/oder wandförmigen Teile durchgehend etwa 3 mm aufweisen.6. Cylinder head according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the wall thicknesses of the gas inlet channels (6) and the gas outlet channels (7) and predominantly all web-shaped and / or wall-shaped parts consistently have about 3 mm.
7. Zylinderkopf nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß je Zylinder (1) zwei Einlaßventile (17) und zwei Auslaßventile (18) vorgesehen sind. 7. Cylinder head according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that two intake valves (17) and two exhaust valves (18) are provided per cylinder (1).
PCT/EP2000/007868 1999-09-08 2000-08-11 Cylinder head for an internal combustion piston engine WO2001018375A1 (en)

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DE102010060785A1 (en) * 2010-11-25 2012-05-31 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Cylinder head for internal combustion engine for motor vehicle, has cylinder and two exhaust ports per cylinder, where cylinder head, exhaust ports and associated connecting flanges are integrally formed
WO2016004012A2 (en) * 2014-06-30 2016-01-07 Cummins Inc. System and method for valve size ratio and igniter placement
DE102021210268A1 (en) 2021-09-16 2023-03-16 Mahle International Gmbh Layer-sintered valve seat ring, method for its production, combinations thereof and their use

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CH199276A (en) * 1937-08-07 1938-08-15 Sulzer Ag Internal combustion engine with exhaust valve, in particular with an increase in performance through charging.
US4544407A (en) * 1981-03-03 1985-10-01 George Fischer Aktiengesellschaft Process for producing cast iron castings with a vermicular graphite structure
EP0551805A1 (en) * 1991-12-18 1993-07-21 AVL Gesellschaft für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Messtechnik mbH.Prof.Dr.Dr.h.c. Hans List Multi-cylinder internal combustion engine with a cylinder head
WO1996024451A1 (en) * 1995-02-07 1996-08-15 Sintercast Ab A method of manufacturing cast products which are cast in a single-piece having controlled variations of compacted graphite iron and grey cast iron
WO1999050467A1 (en) * 1998-03-27 1999-10-07 Cgi-Promotion Ab A method to produce compacted graphite iron (cgi)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004030555B4 (en) * 2003-07-10 2008-05-08 Hyundai Motor Co. Intake passage of a lean burn engine and core for making same
US11473521B1 (en) 2021-07-15 2022-10-18 Deere & Company Methods of forming a thermally isolated exhaust port

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