WO2001016564A1 - Linear bearing with a device for measuring - Google Patents

Linear bearing with a device for measuring Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001016564A1
WO2001016564A1 PCT/EP2000/007854 EP0007854W WO0116564A1 WO 2001016564 A1 WO2001016564 A1 WO 2001016564A1 EP 0007854 W EP0007854 W EP 0007854W WO 0116564 A1 WO0116564 A1 WO 0116564A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
guide rail
scale
longitudinal groove
linear bearing
measuring
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2000/007854
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hans-Reinhard Lambertz
Klaus Nottebaum
Klaus Baalmann
Original Assignee
INA Wälzlager Schaeffler oHG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by INA Wälzlager Schaeffler oHG filed Critical INA Wälzlager Schaeffler oHG
Priority to EP00964012A priority Critical patent/EP1208356A1/en
Publication of WO2001016564A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001016564A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C29/00—Bearings for parts moving only linearly
    • F16C29/04—Ball or roller bearings
    • F16C29/06—Ball or roller bearings in which the rolling bodies circulate partly without carrying load
    • F16C29/0633—Ball or roller bearings in which the rolling bodies circulate partly without carrying load with a bearing body defining a U-shaped carriage, i.e. surrounding a guide rail or track on three sides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C29/00—Bearings for parts moving only linearly
    • F16C29/005—Guide rails or tracks for a linear bearing, i.e. adapted for movement of a carriage or bearing body there along
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C29/00—Bearings for parts moving only linearly
    • F16C29/08—Arrangements for covering or protecting the ways
    • F16C29/082—Arrangements for covering or protecting the ways fixed to the way
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C41/00—Other accessories, e.g. devices integrated in the bearing not relating to the bearing function as such
    • F16C41/007—Encoders, e.g. parts with a plurality of alternating magnetic poles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/347—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells using displacement encoding scales
    • G01D5/34746—Linear encoders
    • G01D5/34753—Carriages; Driving or coupling means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a linear bearing with a device for measuring the distance traveled by a movable bearing part relative to a fixed bearing part, which has a material measure arranged on the fixed bearing part and a measuring head arranged on the movable bearing part with a sensor which is used for touching or contactless scanning the material measure is provided, the fixed bearing part being designed as a guide rail and the material measure being designed as a scale, which is arranged on a longitudinal side of the guide rail, and wherein the movable bearing part is designed as a guide carriage.
  • Such a bearing makes it possible, in the case of a linear guide, to carry out the measurement of the path which one bearing part travels with respect to the other bearing part.
  • a linear bearing of the type mentioned at the outset with a displacement measuring device is known from document WO 91/16 594.
  • This bearing is designed as a roller bearing, the movable bearing part containing the measuring range with the sensor has roller circulation units and the fixed bearing part is a guide rail on which the movable bearing part is supported on supporting roles of the roller circulation units.
  • the material measure on the guide rail is inserted as an optical or magnetic scale in a groove that is located on the top of the guide rail.
  • a measuring system that works according to a capacitive or inductive measuring principle is also conceivable.
  • the measuring head of the known bearing is arranged in a separate housing which is fastened to an end face of the movable bearing part pointing in the direction of travel.
  • This embodiment has the disadvantage that a larger installation space is required for the movable bearing part in the driving or longitudinal direction than in the case of a linear bearing without a measuring device.
  • the housing requires separate seals, which results in additional material, tool and assembly costs.
  • such a housing causes additional manufacturing costs.
  • a linear bearing with a device for measuring in a first embodiment is known, the scale of which is attached to a long side of a guide rail, for example, is inserted there in a groove.
  • a scale is attached to the top of a guide rail.
  • the document DE 196 15 075 A1 shows a guide rail for a linear bearing with an open to the rail top, extending over the entire length of the guide rail and a cover tape, which has a greater width than the longitudinal groove and with bulging towards the guide rail into the longitudinal groove - is pressing.
  • Length measuring systems and linear bearings of a slide guide are usually installed separately from each other. There is still no evidence that an integrated measuring system in machine tools is significantly more reliable and economical than previous systems. Experience has shown that length measuring systems have to be replaced more often than expected, which can often be done relatively quickly as a repair service by the measuring equipment manufacturer or even in the operator's own efforts. Disassembly and reassembly of an integrated measuring device consisting of the profile rail with a non-exchangeable scale would be much more time-consuming because the corresponding slide assembly including guide rails would have to be completely removed and reinstalled with new guides.
  • Integrated measuring systems would be advantageous, the scales of which would not be glued on, but would be easy to assemble or disassemble at any time and independently of the guide rail, and which could also be installed in theoretically any length beyond rail joints.
  • the object of the invention is to implement the scale of an integrated length measuring system as a component which is stuck to the guide rail but is not glued, and which can be assembled and disassembled independently of the guide rail at the place of use.
  • Either the scale consists of a bendable flat band made of steel or the flat band is designed as a clamping part for a scale and pressed into a longitudinal groove of the profile rail. Due to its resilience, the flat tape with the scale formed on it claws into the side surfaces of the longitudinal groove or the flat tape without scale claws against a side surface of the additionally inserted scale to be clamped and against a side surface of the longitudinal groove, so that a firm fit of the respective scale is guaranteed becomes.
  • the clawed flat tape scale or the clawed and clamped combination of flat tape and pressed scale can also be used as a masking tape in an additional function.
  • the fixed scales described above can also extend beyond the joints of multi-piece guide rails, so that larger measuring lengths are formed beyond the maximum production lengths of the guide rails.
  • FIG. 1 shows a known linear bearing in a perspective view, the bearing area and the measuring area being broken up;
  • FIG. 2 shows a further known linear bearing in a plan view
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the guide rail of a linear bearing according to the invention, in the longitudinal groove of which is rectangular in cross section, a scale-flat belt unit is pressed;
  • Figure 4 shows an enlarged section of the end region of the
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross section through the guide rail of a linear bearing according to the invention, in the longitudinal groove of which is rectangular in cross section, a scale is used, which is held by a flat band pressed in there.
  • FIG. 1 which contains a guide rail 1, a guide carriage 2 encompassing it and roller circulations 3, by means of which the guide carriage is supported on the guide rail 1 in a longitudinally displaceable manner, there is a measuring head 4 in a separate housing 5 which is attached to the Guide carriage 2 is screwed on the end face, thereby increasing the overall length of the guide carriage 2 provided with the measuring device.
  • the measuring head 4 moves along a scale 6, which is attached to a longitudinal side of the guide rail 1, for example, is inserted there in a groove.
  • the guide carriage 8 surrounding the guide rail 7 has a continuous central groove 9 in which the measuring head 10 is accommodated. It is located in the immediate vicinity of a scale 11 which is attached to the top of the guide rail 7. During the movement of the carriage 8 along the guide rail 7, the measuring head 10 therefore scans the scale 11 without contact and receives from it its measured values, which it forwards via electrical cable 12 to an evaluation station as electrical signals.
  • the guide carriage 8 has a bore 13 which runs transversely to the guide rail 7 and via which the groove 9 is additionally opened to the outside.
  • a bearing according to the invention has a flat strip 14, which consists of a resilient strip material made of steel. It is inserted in a longitudinal groove 15 of a guide rail 16.
  • the resilient force mechanism comes about through the material's own elastic spring.
  • the longitudinal groove 15 starts from an upper side 17 of the rail and has a somewhat smaller width than the flat strip 14. This had to bulge out towards the guide rail 16 when it was pressed into the longitudinal groove 15.
  • a plurality of vertical through openings 18 arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the guide rail are closed. These openings are designed as stepped bores for receiving fastening screws.
  • the flat band 14 acts on the side surfaces of the longitudinal groove 12.
  • the flat strip 14 is held in the longitudinal groove 15 of the guide rail 16.
  • the longitudinal groove 15 is rectangular in cross section.
  • the flat strip 14 is provided with a scale 19.
  • This and the flat strip form a one-piece component. So here is a pairing of a scale with a flat tape masking tape.
  • the scale can also be glued to the flat tape, for example on the underside of the masking tape. It is also possible to attach a protective tape over a scale, which does not serve as a scale, but only takes over the function of wear protection.
  • the scale 19 is fastened to the guide rail 16 by pressing the flat strip 14 into the longitudinal groove 15.
  • a scale 20 is inserted into a guide rail 23, which is a component separated from a flat belt 21.
  • the scale lies within the longitudinal groove 22 on an undercut longitudinal side and is held there by the flat band 21.
  • the flat strip 21 is made of steel, is elastic and has a larger width than the free interior of the longitudinal groove 22, which is still left after the insertion of the scale 20. Therefore, here too, the flat band 21 bulges out towards the guide rail 23 when it is pressed into the longitudinal groove 22, and fixes the scale 20 in the guide rail 23 as a result of its springback force.
  • the band that is arched after being pressed in here merely takes on the function of the mechanical holder.
  • Another band can rest on the rail surface.
  • the curved band lies deeper in the longitudinal groove and is connected to the further band.
  • the scale can now be placed anywhere in the groove space and either firmly connected to one of the other bands or even loosely or separately arranged in the groove.
  • the advantage of the invention is that, in the case of an interchangeable measuring system, this can only be installed after the guides have been installed, shortly before the machine is finished. This reduces the risk of damage to the measuring system during a long period of assembly and only protects against surprises in the detection of damage during the test run.

Abstract

The invention relates to a linear bearing with a device for measuring the distance covered by a movable element part in relation to a stationary bearing element. The inventive bearing comprises a material measure mounted on the stationary bearing element and a measuring head with a sensor mounted on the movable bearing element. Said measuring head is provided for the contacting or contactless screening of the material measure. The stationary bearing element is configured as a guide rail (16) and the material measure is configured as a scale (19) that is located on a longitudinal side of the guide rail (16). The moveable bearing element is configured as a guide carriage. According to the invention, the guide rail (16) is provided with a longitudinal groove (15) that extends along the entire length thereof and in which the scale (19) is held by means of a flexible flat steel strip (14) that is pressed into the longitudinal groove (15) while bulging towards the guide rail (16).

Description

Bezeichnung der Erfindung Name of the invention
Linearlager mit einer Einrichtung zum MessenLinear bearing with a device for measuring
Beschreibungdescription
Gebiet der ErfindungField of the Invention
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Linearlager mit einer Einrichtung zum Messen des von einem beweglichen Lagerteil gegenüber einem festen Lagerteil zurückgelegten Weges, welche eine an dem festen Lagerteil angeordnete Maßverkörperung und einen an dem beweglichen Lagerteil angeordneten Meßkopf mit einem Sensor aufweist, der für die berührende oder berühungslose Abtastung der Maßverkörperung vorgesehen ist, wobei das feste Lagerteil als Führungsschiene und die Maßverkörperung als Maßstab ausgebildet ist, der an einer Längsseite der Führungsschiene angeordnet ist, und wobei das bewegliche Lagerteil als Führungswagen ausgebildet ist.The invention relates to a linear bearing with a device for measuring the distance traveled by a movable bearing part relative to a fixed bearing part, which has a material measure arranged on the fixed bearing part and a measuring head arranged on the movable bearing part with a sensor which is used for touching or contactless scanning the material measure is provided, the fixed bearing part being designed as a guide rail and the material measure being designed as a scale, which is arranged on a longitudinal side of the guide rail, and wherein the movable bearing part is designed as a guide carriage.
Hintergrund der ErfindungBackground of the Invention
Ein solches Lager ermöglicht es, bei einer Linearführung die Messung des Weges durchzuführen, den das eine Lagerteil in bezug auf das andere Lagerteil zurücklegt.Such a bearing makes it possible, in the case of a linear guide, to carry out the measurement of the path which one bearing part travels with respect to the other bearing part.
In Profilschienenführungen integrierte Meßsysteme entsprechen bereits dem Stand der Technik. Ein Linearlager der eingangs genannten Art mit einer Wegmesseinrichtung ist aus dem Dokument WO 91/16 594 bekannt. Dieses Lager ist als Wälzlager ausgebildet, dessen bewegliches, den Meßbereich mit dem Sensor enthaltendes Lagerteil Rollenumlaufeinheiten aufweist und dessen festes Lagerteil eine Führungsschiene ist, an welcher das bewegliche Lagerteil über tragende Rollen der Rollenumlaufeinheiten abgestützt ist. Die Maßverkörperung an der Führungsschiene ist als optischer oder magnetischer Maßstab in eine Nut eingesetzt, die sich an der Oberseite der Führungsschiene befindet. Denkbar ist auch ein Meßsystem, das nach einem kapazitiven oder induktiven Meßprinzip arbeitet. Der Meßkopf des bekannten Lagers ist in einem separaten Gehäuse angeordnet, welches an einer in Fahrrichtung weisenden Stirnseite des beweglichen Lagerteils befestigt ist.Measuring systems integrated in profile rail guides already correspond to the state of the art. A linear bearing of the type mentioned at the outset with a displacement measuring device is known from document WO 91/16 594. This bearing is designed as a roller bearing, the movable bearing part containing the measuring range with the sensor has roller circulation units and the fixed bearing part is a guide rail on which the movable bearing part is supported on supporting roles of the roller circulation units. The material measure on the guide rail is inserted as an optical or magnetic scale in a groove that is located on the top of the guide rail. A measuring system that works according to a capacitive or inductive measuring principle is also conceivable. The measuring head of the known bearing is arranged in a separate housing which is fastened to an end face of the movable bearing part pointing in the direction of travel.
Diese Ausführung hat den Nachteil, daß in Fahr- bzw. Längsrichtung ein grö- ßerer Bauraum für das bewegliche Lagerteil erforderlich ist, als bei einem Linearlager ohne Meßeinrichtung. Außerdem benötigt das Gehäuse separate Dichtungen, was zusätzliche Material-, Werkzeug- und Montagekosten zur Folge hat. Schließlich verursacht ein solches Gehäuse zusätzliche Herstellkosten.This embodiment has the disadvantage that a larger installation space is required for the movable bearing part in the driving or longitudinal direction than in the case of a linear bearing without a measuring device. In addition, the housing requires separate seals, which results in additional material, tool and assembly costs. Finally, such a housing causes additional manufacturing costs.
Aus dem Dokument EP 0 905 486 A2 ist ein Linearlager mit einer Einrichtung zum Messen in einer ersten Ausführung bekannt, deren Maßstab an einer Längsseite einer Führungsschiene angebracht, beispielsweise dort in einer Nut eingelegt ist. In einer zweiten Ausführung ist ein Maßstab an der Oberseite einer Führungsschiene befestigt. Das Dokument DE 196 15 075 A1 zeigt eine Führungsschiene für ein Linearlager mit einer zur Schienenoberseite offenen, sich über die gesamte Länge der Führungsschiene erstreckenden Längsnut und einem Abdeckband, welches ein größeres Breitenmaß als die Längsnut hat und unter Auswölbung zur Führungsschiene hin in die Längsnut einge- drückt ist.From document EP 0 905 486 A2, a linear bearing with a device for measuring in a first embodiment is known, the scale of which is attached to a long side of a guide rail, for example, is inserted there in a groove. In a second embodiment, a scale is attached to the top of a guide rail. The document DE 196 15 075 A1 shows a guide rail for a linear bearing with an open to the rail top, extending over the entire length of the guide rail and a cover tape, which has a greater width than the longitudinal groove and with bulging towards the guide rail into the longitudinal groove - is pressing.
Bei bekannten Linearlagern mit integrierten Meßsystemen ist häufig im Anlieferungszustand der Maßstab mit der Führungsschiene verklebt. Diese Ausführung hat folgende Nachteile: Bei einer Untauglichkeit nur einer der beiden un- terschiedlichen Vorrichtungen Linearlager und Meßgerät muß immer die noch intakte andere Vorrichtung mit ausgetauscht werden. Wegen nicht hinreichender Meßgenauigkeiten an den Stoßstellen von mehrteiligen Maßstäben ist ein integriertes Meßsystem nur für einteilige Führungsschienen mit begrenzten Meßlängen anwendbar.In known linear bearings with integrated measuring systems, the scale is often glued to the guide rail in the delivery state. This design has the following disadvantages: If only one of the two different devices, the linear bearing and the measuring device, is unsuitable, the still intact other device must always be replaced. Because of insufficient measuring accuracy at the joints of multi-part scales, is a Integrated measuring system can only be used for one-piece guide rails with limited measuring lengths.
Längenmeßsysteme und Linearlagerungen einer Schlittenführung sind in der Regel voneinander getrennt installiert. Nach wie vor fehlt der Nachweis, daß ein integriertes Meßsystem in Werkzeugmaschinen gegenüber bisherigen Systemen deutlich zuverlässiger und wirtschaftlicher ist. Erfahrungsgemäß müssen Längenmeßsysteme häufiger als erwartet ausgetauscht werden, was oft als Reparaturservice der Meßmittelhersteller oder sogar in Eigenleistungen der Betreiber selbst relativ schnell erledigt werden kann. Ungleich zeitaufwendiger wäre die Demontage und erneute Montage einer integrierten Meßeinrichtung, bestehend aus der Profilschiene mit nicht austauschbarem Maßstab, weil die entsprechende Schlittenbaugruppe incl. Führungsschienen vollständig aus- und mit neuen Führungen wieder eingebaut werden müßte.Length measuring systems and linear bearings of a slide guide are usually installed separately from each other. There is still no evidence that an integrated measuring system in machine tools is significantly more reliable and economical than previous systems. Experience has shown that length measuring systems have to be replaced more often than expected, which can often be done relatively quickly as a repair service by the measuring equipment manufacturer or even in the operator's own efforts. Disassembly and reassembly of an integrated measuring device consisting of the profile rail with a non-exchangeable scale would be much more time-consuming because the corresponding slide assembly including guide rails would have to be completely removed and reinstalled with new guides.
Von Vorteil wären integrierte Meßsysteme, deren Maßstäbe nicht aufgeklebt, sondern jederzeit leicht und unabhängig von der Führungsschiene später montierbar bzw. demontierbar wären und die auch über Schienenstöße hinaus in theoretisch beliebiger Länge installiert werden könnten.Integrated measuring systems would be advantageous, the scales of which would not be glued on, but would be easy to assemble or disassemble at any time and independently of the guide rail, and which could also be installed in theoretically any length beyond rail joints.
Zusammenfassung der ErfindungSummary of the invention
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den Maßstab eines integrierten Längenmeßsystems als an der Führungsschiene festsitzendes, jedoch nicht angeklebtes Bauteil auszuführen, welches am Einsatzort unabhängig von der Führungsschiene montierbar und demontierbar ist.The object of the invention is to implement the scale of an integrated length measuring system as a component which is stuck to the guide rail but is not glued, and which can be assembled and disassembled independently of the guide rail at the place of use.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Führungsschiene eine sich über ihre gesamte Länge erstreckende Längsnut aufweist, in wel- eher der Maßstab mit Hilfe eines biegbaren Flachbandes aus Stahl gehalten ist, welches unter Auswölbung zur Führungsschiene hin in die Längsnut eingedrückt ist. Das Flachband kann mit dem Maßstab einstückig ausgeführt sein und ein größeres Breitenmaß als die Längsnut der Führungsschiene aufwei- sen. Es ist auch möglich, den Maßstab in die Längsnut der Führungsschiene einzusetzen und dort an einer Längsseite anliegend von dem Flachband zu halten, wobei das Flachband ein größeres Breitenmaß als die entsprechende verbleibende lichte Weite der Längsnut aufweist.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the guide rail has a longitudinal groove extending over its entire length, in which the scale is held with the aid of a flexible flat strip made of steel, which is pressed into the longitudinal groove with a bulge toward the guide rail. The flat strip can be made in one piece with the scale and have a larger width than the longitudinal groove of the guide rail. sen. It is also possible to insert the scale into the longitudinal groove of the guide rail and to hold it there against the flat strip on one longitudinal side, the flat strip having a greater width dimension than the corresponding remaining clear width of the longitudinal groove.
Entweder besteht der Maßstab also aus einem biegbaren Flachband aus Stahl oder das Flachband ist als Klemmteil für einen Maßstab ausgebildet und in eine Längsnut der Profilschiene eingedrückt. Durch seine Rückfederungskraft krallt sich das Flachband mit dem daran ausgebildeten Maßstab in die Seiten- flächen der Längsnut oder das Flachband ohne Maßstab krallt sich gegen eine Seitenfläche des zusätzlich eingelegten zu klemmenden Maßstabes und gegen eine Seitenfläche der Längsnut, so daß ein Festsitz des jeweiligen Maßstabes garantiert wird.Either the scale consists of a bendable flat band made of steel or the flat band is designed as a clamping part for a scale and pressed into a longitudinal groove of the profile rail. Due to its resilience, the flat tape with the scale formed on it claws into the side surfaces of the longitudinal groove or the flat tape without scale claws against a side surface of the additionally inserted scale to be clamped and against a side surface of the longitudinal groove, so that a firm fit of the respective scale is guaranteed becomes.
Der eingekrallte Flachband-Maßstab oder die eingekrallte und geklemmte Kombination aus Flachband und angedrücktem Maßstab kann in zusätzlicher Funktion auch als Abdeckband genutzt werden.The clawed flat tape scale or the clawed and clamped combination of flat tape and pressed scale can also be used as a masking tape in an additional function.
Als einteilige Bauteile können sich die oben beschriebenen befestigten Maß- stäbe auch über die Stoßstellen von mehrteiligen Führungsschienen hinaus erstrecken, so daß über die maximalen Fertigungslängen der Führungsschienen hinaus größere Meßlängen gebildet werden.As one-piece components, the fixed scales described above can also extend beyond the joints of multi-piece guide rails, so that larger measuring lengths are formed beyond the maximum production lengths of the guide rails.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungBrief description of the drawing
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und werden im folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are described in more detail below. Show it:
Figur 1 ein vorbekanntes Linearlager in einer perspektivischen Darstellung, wobei der Lagerbereich und der Meßbereich aufgebrochen sind;1 shows a known linear bearing in a perspective view, the bearing area and the measuring area being broken up;
Figur 2 ein weiteres vorbekanntes Linearlager in einer Draufsicht; Figur 3 eine perspektivische Ansicht der Führungsschiene eines erfindungsgemäßen Linearlagers, in deren im Querschnitt rechteckige Längsnut eine Maßstab-Flachband-Einheit eingedrückt ist;Figure 2 shows a further known linear bearing in a plan view; FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the guide rail of a linear bearing according to the invention, in the longitudinal groove of which is rectangular in cross section, a scale-flat belt unit is pressed;
Figur 4 einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt des Stirnseitenbereichs derFigure 4 shows an enlarged section of the end region of the
Führungsschiene gemäß Einkreisung IV der Figur 3;Guide rail according to encirclement IV of Figure 3;
Figur 5 einen Querschnitt durch die Führungsschiene eines erfindungsgemäßen Linearlagers, in deren im Querschnitt rechteckige Längsnut ein Maßstab eingesetzt ist, der von einem dort eingedrückten Flachband gehalten ist.FIG. 5 shows a cross section through the guide rail of a linear bearing according to the invention, in the longitudinal groove of which is rectangular in cross section, a scale is used, which is held by a flat band pressed in there.
Ausführliche Beschreibung der ZeichnungDetailed description of the drawing
Bei einem vorbekannten Lager gemäß Figur 1 , welches eine Führungsschie- ne1 , einen diese umgreifenden Führungswagen 2 und Rollenumläufe 3 enthält, über welche der Führungswagen an der Führungsschiene 1 längsverschieblich abgestützt ist, befindet sich ein Meßkopf 4 in einem separaten Gehäuse 5, welches an dem Führungswagen 2 stirnseitig angeschraubt ist und dadurch die Gesamtlänge des mit der Meßvorrichtung versehenen Führungswagen 2 vergrößert. Während der Verschiebung des Führungswagens 2 längs der Führungsschiene 1 bewegt sich der Meßkopf 4 an einem Maßstab 6 entlang, der an einer Längsseite der Führungsschiene 1 angebracht, beispielsweise dort in einer Nut eingelegt ist.In a known bearing according to FIG. 1, which contains a guide rail 1, a guide carriage 2 encompassing it and roller circulations 3, by means of which the guide carriage is supported on the guide rail 1 in a longitudinally displaceable manner, there is a measuring head 4 in a separate housing 5 which is attached to the Guide carriage 2 is screwed on the end face, thereby increasing the overall length of the guide carriage 2 provided with the measuring device. During the displacement of the guide carriage 2 along the guide rail 1, the measuring head 4 moves along a scale 6, which is attached to a longitudinal side of the guide rail 1, for example, is inserted there in a groove.
Bei einem weiteren vorbekannten Linearlager entsprechend Figur 2 ist ein separates Gehäuse zur Aufnahme des Meßkopfes nicht erforderlich. Hier weist der die Führungsschiene 7 umgebende Führungswagen 8 eine durchgehende zentrale Nut 9 auf, in welcher der Meßkopf 10 untergebracht ist. Er befindet sich in unmittelbarer Nähe eines Maßstabs 11 , der an der Oberseite der Führungsschiene 7 befestigt ist. Während der Bewegung des Führungswagens 8 längs der Führungsschiene 7 überstreicht daher der Meßkopf 10 berührungslos den Maßstab 11 und erhält von diesem seine Meßwerte, die er über ein Anschlußkabel 12 als elektrische Signale an eine Auswertestation weiterleitet. Zur Aufnahme des Anschlußkabels 12 weist der Führungswagen 8 eine quer zur Führungsschiene 7 verlaufende Bohrung 13 auf, über welche die Nut 9 zusätzlich nach außen geöffnet ist.In a further known linear bearing according to Figure 2, a separate housing for receiving the measuring head is not necessary. Here, the guide carriage 8 surrounding the guide rail 7 has a continuous central groove 9 in which the measuring head 10 is accommodated. It is located in the immediate vicinity of a scale 11 which is attached to the top of the guide rail 7. During the movement of the carriage 8 along the guide rail 7, the measuring head 10 therefore scans the scale 11 without contact and receives from it its measured values, which it forwards via electrical cable 12 to an evaluation station as electrical signals. To accommodate the connecting cable 12, the guide carriage 8 has a bore 13 which runs transversely to the guide rail 7 and via which the groove 9 is additionally opened to the outside.
Ein erfindungsgemäßes Lager weist gemäß den Figuren 3 und 4 ein Flachband 14 auf, welches aus einem federnden Bandmaterial aus Stahl besteht. Es ist in einer Längsnut 15 einer Führungsschiene 16 eingesetzt. Bei dem Bandmaterial kommt der federnde Kraftmechanismus durch materialeigene Biegefederung zustande. Die Längsnut 15 geht von einer Schienenoberseite 17 aus und hat eine etwas geringere Breite als das Flachband 14. Dieses mußte sich daher, als es in die Längsnut 15 eingedrückt wurde, zur Führungsschiene 16 hin aus- wölben. Mit dem Flachband 14, das sich in der Längsnut 15 befindet, werden mehrere in Längsrichtung der Führungsschiene in Abständen hintereinander angeordnete senkrechte Durchgangsöffnungen 18 verschlossen. Diese Öffnungen sind als Stufenbohrungen zur Aufnahme von Befestigungsschrauben ausgebildet. In Folge seiner Auswölbung tritt in dem Flachband 14 eine Rück- federungskraft auf, die auf die Seitenflächen der Längsnut 12 einwirkt. Auf diese Weise wird das Flachband 14 in der Längsnut 15 der Führungsschiene 16 gehalten. In den Figuren 3 und 4 ist die Längsnut 15 im Querschnitt rechteckig ausgeführt.According to FIGS. 3 and 4, a bearing according to the invention has a flat strip 14, which consists of a resilient strip material made of steel. It is inserted in a longitudinal groove 15 of a guide rail 16. In the case of the strip material, the resilient force mechanism comes about through the material's own elastic spring. The longitudinal groove 15 starts from an upper side 17 of the rail and has a somewhat smaller width than the flat strip 14. This had to bulge out towards the guide rail 16 when it was pressed into the longitudinal groove 15. With the flat band 14, which is located in the longitudinal groove 15, a plurality of vertical through openings 18 arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the guide rail are closed. These openings are designed as stepped bores for receiving fastening screws. As a result of its curvature, a springback force occurs in the flat band 14, which acts on the side surfaces of the longitudinal groove 12. In this way, the flat strip 14 is held in the longitudinal groove 15 of the guide rail 16. In Figures 3 and 4, the longitudinal groove 15 is rectangular in cross section.
Erfindungsgemäß ist das Flachband 14 mit einem Maßstab 19 versehen. Dieser und das Flachband bilden ein einstückiges Bauteil. Hier liegt also eine Paarung eines Maßstabs mit einem Flachband-Abdeckband vor. Der Maßstab kann auch auf dem Flachband aufgeklebt werden, beispielsweise an der Unterseite des Abdeckbandes. Es ist auch möglich, über einem Maßstab ein Schutzband anzubringen, das nicht als Maßstab dient, sondern lediglich die Funktion des Verschleißschutzes übernimmt. Durch Eindrücken des Flachbandes 14 in die Längsnut 15 wird der Maßstab 19 an der Führungsschiene 16 befestigt. Bei einem weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Lager ist, wie Figur 5 zeigt, in eine Führungsschiene 23 ein Maßstab 20 eingelegt, der ein von einem Flachband 21 getrenntes Bauteil ist. Der Maßstab liegt innerhalb der Längsnut 22 an einer hinterschnittenen Längsseite an und wird von dem Flachband 21 dort gehalten. Das Flachband 21 besteht aus Stahl, ist elastisch und weist ein größeres Breitenmaß auf als der freie Innenraum der Längsnut 22, welcher nach dem Einsetzen des Maßstabes 20 noch verblieben ist. Daher wölbt sich auch hier das Flachband 21 zur Führungsschiene 23 hin aus, wenn es in die Längsnut 22 eingedrückt wird, und befestigt infolge seiner Rückfederungskraft den Maßstab 20 in der Führungsschiene 23.According to the invention, the flat strip 14 is provided with a scale 19. This and the flat strip form a one-piece component. So here is a pairing of a scale with a flat tape masking tape. The scale can also be glued to the flat tape, for example on the underside of the masking tape. It is also possible to attach a protective tape over a scale, which does not serve as a scale, but only takes over the function of wear protection. The scale 19 is fastened to the guide rail 16 by pressing the flat strip 14 into the longitudinal groove 15. In another bearing according to the invention, as shown in FIG. 5, a scale 20 is inserted into a guide rail 23, which is a component separated from a flat belt 21. The scale lies within the longitudinal groove 22 on an undercut longitudinal side and is held there by the flat band 21. The flat strip 21 is made of steel, is elastic and has a larger width than the free interior of the longitudinal groove 22, which is still left after the insertion of the scale 20. Therefore, here too, the flat band 21 bulges out towards the guide rail 23 when it is pressed into the longitudinal groove 22, and fixes the scale 20 in the guide rail 23 as a result of its springback force.
Das nach dem Eindrücken gewölbte Band übernimmt hier also lediglich die Funktion der mechanischen Halterung. Ein weiteres Band kann an der Schienenoberfläche aufliegen. In diesem Fall liegt das gewölbte Band tiefer in der Längsnut und ist mit dem weiteren Band verbunden. Der Maßstab kann nun irgendwo im Nutbauraum untergebracht und entweder mit einem der anderen Bänder fest verbunden oder sogar lose oder separat in der Nut angeordnet werden.The band that is arched after being pressed in here merely takes on the function of the mechanical holder. Another band can rest on the rail surface. In this case, the curved band lies deeper in the longitudinal groove and is connected to the further band. The scale can now be placed anywhere in the groove space and either firmly connected to one of the other bands or even loosely or separately arranged in the groove.
Mit der Erfindung ist der Vorteil erzielbar, daß bei einem austauschbaren Meßsystem dieses erst nach Montage der Führungen, kurz vor Fertigstellung der Maschine, eingebaut werden kann. Dies reduziert die Beschädigungsgefahr des Meßsystems während eines langen Montagezeitabschnittes und schützt vor Überraschungen der Beschädigungserkennung erst beim Probelauf. The advantage of the invention is that, in the case of an interchangeable measuring system, this can only be installed after the guides have been installed, shortly before the machine is finished. This reduces the risk of damage to the measuring system during a long period of assembly and only protects against surprises in the detection of damage during the test run.
Bezugszeichenreference numeral
Führungsschieneguide rail
Führungswagencarriages
Rollenumlaufrecirculating roller
Meßkopfmeasuring head
Gehäusecasing
Maßstabscale
Führungsschieneguide rail
Führungswagencarriages
Nutgroove
Meßkopfmeasuring head
Maßstabscale
Anschlußkabelcable
Bohrungdrilling
Flachbandribbon
Längsnutlongitudinal groove
Führungsschieneguide rail
SchienenoberseiteRail top
DurchgangsöffnungThrough opening
Maßstabscale
Maßstabscale
Flachbandribbon
Längsnutlongitudinal groove
Führungsschiene guide rail

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Linearlager mit einer Einrichtung zum Messen des von einem beweglichen Lagerteil gegenüber einem festen Lagerteil zurückgelegten Weges, welche eine an dem festen Lagerteil angeordnete Maßverkörperung und einen an dem beweglichen Lagerteil angeordneten Meßkopf mit einem Sensor aufweist, der für die berührende oder berührungslose Abtastung der Maßver- körperung vorgesehen ist, wobei das feste Lagerteil als Führungsschiene1. Linear bearing with a device for measuring the distance traveled by a movable bearing part relative to a fixed bearing part, which has a material measure arranged on the fixed bearing part and a measuring head arranged on the movable bearing part with a sensor which is used for the contact or non-contact scanning of the dimension ver - Body is provided, the fixed bearing part as a guide rail
(16, 23) und die Maßverkörperung als Maßstab (19, 20) ausgebildet ist, der an einer Längsseite der Führungsschiene (16, 23) angeordnet ist, und wobei das bewegliche Lagerteil als Führungswagen ausgebildet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Führungsschiene (16, 23) eine sich über ihre ge- samte Länge erstreckende Längsnut (15, 22) aufweist, in welcher der Maßstab (19, 20) mit Hilfe eines biegbaren Flachbandes (14, 21 ) aus Stahl gehalten ist, welches unter Auswölbung zur Führungsschiene (16, 23) hin in die Längsnut (15, 22) eingedrückt ist.(16, 23) and the material measure is designed as a scale (19, 20), which is arranged on a longitudinal side of the guide rail (16, 23), and wherein the movable bearing part is designed as a guide carriage, characterized in that the guide rail (16 , 23) has a longitudinal groove (15, 22) extending over its entire length, in which the scale (19, 20) is held by means of a flexible flat band (14, 21) made of steel, which bulges out to form the guide rail ( 16, 23) is pressed into the longitudinal groove (15, 22).
2. Linearlager nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Flachband (14) mit dem Maßstab (19) einstückig ausgeführt ist und ein größeres Breitenmaß als die Längsnut (15) der Führungsschiene (16) aufweist.2. Linear bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the flat strip (14) with the scale (19) is made in one piece and has a larger width than the longitudinal groove (15) of the guide rail (16).
3. Linearlager nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Paarung des Flachbandes (14) mit dem Maßstab (19) durch Aufkleben des Maßstabs (19) auf dem Flachband (14) geschaffen ist.3. Linear bearing according to claim 2, characterized in that a pairing of the flat belt (14) with the scale (19) by sticking the scale (19) on the flat belt (14) is created.
4. Linearlager nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Maßstab (20) in die Längsnut (22) der Führungsschiene (23) eingesetzt und dort von dem Flachband (21 ) gehalten ist.4. Linear bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the scale (20) in the longitudinal groove (22) of the guide rail (23) is inserted and held there by the flat band (21).
5. Linearlager nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Maßstab (20) in der Längsnut (22) der Führungsschiene (23) an einer Längsseite an- liegend angeordnet und von dem Flachband (21 ) gehalten ist, wobei das Flachband (21) ein größeres Breitenmaß als die entsprechende verbleibende lichte Weite der Längsnut (22) aufweist.5. Linear bearing according to claim 4, characterized in that the scale (20) in the longitudinal groove (22) of the guide rail (23) on one longitudinal side is arranged horizontally and is held by the flat band (21), the flat band (21) having a greater width dimension than the corresponding remaining clear width of the longitudinal groove (22).
6. Linearlager nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an der Führungsschiene (23) zusätzlich zu dem Flachband (21) ein weiteres Band angeordnet ist, welches mit dem Flachband (21 ) verbunden ist und auf der Schienenoberseite (17) aufliegt.6. Linear bearing according to claim 4, characterized in that on the guide rail (23) in addition to the flat band (21) a further band is arranged, which is connected to the flat band (21) and rests on the top of the rail (17).
7. Linearlager nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Maßstab (19, 20) nach der Montage der Führungsschiene (16, 23) an deren Anschlußkonstruktion in der Führungsschiene (16, 23) eingebaut ist. 7. Linear bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the scale (19, 20) after the assembly of the guide rail (16, 23) is installed on its connecting structure in the guide rail (16, 23).
PCT/EP2000/007854 1999-09-01 2000-08-11 Linear bearing with a device for measuring WO2001016564A1 (en)

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DE19941587.0 1999-09-01
DE1999141587 DE19941587B4 (en) 1999-09-01 1999-09-01 Linear bearing with a device for measuring

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DE102018207638A1 (en) * 2018-05-16 2019-11-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Carriage for a linear motion device, a linear motion device and a method
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