WO2001013193A1 - Electric power supply network, in particular for public lighting - Google Patents
Electric power supply network, in particular for public lighting Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001013193A1 WO2001013193A1 PCT/FR2000/002222 FR0002222W WO0113193A1 WO 2001013193 A1 WO2001013193 A1 WO 2001013193A1 FR 0002222 W FR0002222 W FR 0002222W WO 0113193 A1 WO0113193 A1 WO 0113193A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- supply network
- network according
- cable
- conductor
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F1/12—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac
- G05F1/24—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using bucking or boosting transformers as final control devices
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrical energy supply network, such as a public lighting network, of equipment, in particular of candelabras, by means of an electrical cable comprising at least one active electrical conductor and formed by a plurality sections interconnected in series at connection locations for said equipment.
- the standards in force recommend limiting the voltage drop between the origin of the installation supplied with energy and the part farthest from its origin to a predetermined maximum value. For example, in public lighting, in order to allow the ignition of the lamp furthest from the power supply station, this voltage drop must be limited depending on the type of installation to 3% or 5% .
- the standards also require protection of the conductors against the effects of an abnormal increase in current liable to cause overheating harmful to the insulation of the conductors. To comply with these normative constraints, the installers oversize the section of the cables of the supply networks. This oversizing of the cables generates a significant additional cost for the networks.
- FIG. 1 shows a public lighting network of this type.
- a cabinet or a station 1 connected to a low voltage electrical energy source supplies by means of a cable
- Each candelabrum comprises a connection box B of a lamp L to the cable A.
- a first section Al of the cable A electrically connects the station 1 to the connection box Bl of the first candelabra Cl.
- This box Bl ensures both the electrical connection of the candelabra Cl to the cable Al and the connection to the supply section A2 of the candelabrum C2.
- a cable feeds the lamp of the candelabrum.
- cable A is a three-phase cable with a neutral conductor. Each of the conductors is of large section.
- each box Bl to B3 includes an individual protection device P, such as a fuse or circuit breaker.
- the box has four terminals Bphn, namely Bphi, Bph2, and Bph3 for the neutral conductor N and the three phase conductors PHI, PH2 and PH3. It can be seen that the protection device P is mounted in bypass.
- Protection K is calibrated to avoid excessive heating of the cables over their entire length. Protection K must be activated even if a short circuit is caused at the end of the line near the last candelabra. As the drop in line voltage limits the intensity of the short circuit, it is necessary, according to standards, that for a given section of cable conductors, the total length of cable A does not exceed a certain value. This distance makes it necessary in practice to over-calibrate the sections of the conductors with respect to what would be sufficient relative to their heating for the transport of the electrical energy consumed by the installation. In the event of a short circuit caused on a line, protection K is triggered, causing the complete extinction of the network, which is contrary to the objective of safety in public lighting which is to ensure maximum service continuity.
- the object of the present invention is to propose an electrical energy distribution network which overcomes the disadvantages which have just been stated, of known networks.
- the distribution network according to the invention is characterized in that tension raising means are mounted in series on the cable conductors at at least one of the sections, so as to prevent the tension in end of the cable drops below a predetermined value.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a known electrical energy distribution network
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of part II of Figure 1;
- FIG 3 is a schematic representation of an energy distribution network according to the present invention;
- Figure 4 shows a candelabra equipped with a connection box 1 according to the invention;
- - Figure 5 is a perspective view of a connection box 1 according to the invention;
- Figure 6 is a perspective view of a connection terminal device 1 according to the invention;
- FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic view of a first embodiment of a voltage raising device according to the invention.
- - Figure 8 is a schematic view showing a second embodiment of the voltage-raising device according to the invention
- - Figure 9 is a schematic view of a third embodiment of a voltage raising device according to the invention
- Figure 10 shows a candelabra fitted with an improved cabinet device of the invention
- - Figure 11 is a schematic view of a fully electronic embodiment of a voltage raising device according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 shows, by way of example of the invention, a three-phase public lighting network according to the invention, which comprises fifteen candelabras each equipped with a lamp respectively L1 to L15 and supplied with low voltage electrical energy from of a cabinet 1.
- the lamps are mounted in shunt between a phase conductor Phi, Ph2 or Ph3 and the neutral conductor N of cable A.
- the lamps Ll, L4, L7, L10 and L13 are connected to the Phi phase, the lamps L2, L5, L8, LU and L14 to the phase
- Segments xl, x2, x3 ... represent the distance between two adjacent candelabras.
- the peculiarity of the network according to the invention resides in the fact that, in order to reduce the cross section of the conductors of the cable A or to allow a higher power to be transported in the network, voltage boosters E are arranged in series in each of the conductors at predetermined locations, namely the devices E1 and E4 in the conductor Phi, the elevating devices E2 and E5 in the phase conductor Ph2 and the devices E3 and E6 in the phase conductor
- the devices El, E2, E3 are located at a distance zl from the last candelabrum connected to the phase conductors, namely respectively from the candelabras of the lamps L13, L14 and L15 while z2 indicates the distance respectively between the devices El and E4, E2 and E5 and E3 and E ⁇ .
- Each phase conductor further comprises two protections F against overcurrents which are connected in series, in cascade one behind the other.
- the phase conductor Phi is provided with protections FI and F4, FI being placed at a distance yl from the last candelabra of the lamp L13 supplied by this conductor.
- the two protections F2 and F5 of the conductor Ph2 and the two protections F3 and F6 of the conductor Ph3 are located at the distance yl from the candelabra of lamps L14 and L15 and at distance y2 from each other.
- the distribution station at the head of the network namely the cabinet 1, is provided with protection K and with a voltage regulator R.
- the number of voltage raising devices E and their location in each conductor is determined by calculation starting from the end of the network.
- the energy consumed by each of the candelabra lamps and the cross section chosen for the conductors of cable A will be calculated, depending on the minimum voltage admitted at the end of the network, the length zl between the end and the candelabra where device E is to be placed.
- a voltage raising device namely the El device, will be mounted in the Phi conductor at this location.
- the device E1 will be placed in the connection box B of the candelabrum, that is to say the box B9.
- the device El will make it possible to raise the downstream voltage to a value close to the predetermined constant voltage of the energy source, the lamp L13 of the last candelabrum supplied by the conductor Phi being supplied with a voltage compatible with its ignition as provided for in the standards .
- the locations of the voltage raising devices E2 and E3 are calculated in the same way. It follows that the devices E2 and E3 identical to El must be placed in the boxes B10 and Bll of the lamps L10 and LU.
- the same calculation will be applied to determine the location of the voltage raising device E4 upstream of the device El.
- the calculation is made by considering that the voltage at the input of the device El must be compatible with the standards. In the case of the example shown in FIG. 3, it turned out that the voltage raising device E4 must be located at the level of the lamp candelabra L3. It will then be placed in the connection box B3 of this candelabrum in the Phi conductor.
- the lifting devices E5 and E6 will be arranged respectively in the phase conductors Ph2 and Ph3 in the candelabra of the lamps L4 and L5. In order to limit the dimensions of the lifting devices E, taking into account the small volume available for accommodating them inside the candelabra, it may be advantageous to regulate the network using the regulator R placed in the cabinet 1.
- the IF protection such as a fuse will be placed on the Phi conductor upstream of the equipment consuming electrical energy, namely lamps L7, L10 and L13.
- the same calculation makes it possible to place protections F2 and F3 in the phase conductors Ph2 and Ph3.
- the FI, F2 and F3 protections will be installed in the connection boxes respectively B7, B8 and B9 of the candelabra of the L7, L8 and L9 lamps.
- each voltage raising device E is single-phase so as to have a reduced footprint allowing its easy installation in the connection box of a candelabrum.
- FIG. 7 with voltage transformer makes it possible to increase the input voltage. It is calibrated to read the voltage from a constant predetermined value corresponding to the maximum voltage drop value acceptable by standards.
- the devices shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 make it possible to regulate the output voltage as a function of a variable input voltage within certain limits. They can either raise the voltage to a value close to the nominal network voltage, or, optionally, lower the output voltage, in particular to reduce the energy consumption of the equipment, to favor the starting conditions of the installations or to have a constant voltage promoting the longevity of equipment, namely lamps. More specifically, the voltage raising device E shown in FIG.
- a voltage transformer 10 comprising, mounted on the same carcass 11, a primary winding 12 of small section connected as a branch on the upstream section, for example Al, namely the corresponding phase conductor Ph and the neutral conductor N, and an additional winding 13 of large cross-section in series in the phase conductor.
- the number of turns of the winding 12 serves as a voltage reference frame and is crossed only by a low current.
- the small cross section of the wire of the winding 12 makes it possible to limit its volume inside a candelabrum or in underground or overhead connection boxes.
- the fact that the winding 13 is of large cross section and that it only slightly raises the tension, it has only a few turns. Consequently, the transformer 10 has the advantage of being of a limited volume. Indeed, according to the above-mentioned regulations, the voltage booster E will be calibrated to increase the output voltage by 3 to 5% in addition to the input voltage, depending on the type of installation envisaged.
- the voltage raising device as shown in FIG. 8 also comprises a voltage transformer 10, a carcass 11 and windings 12 and 13.
- the device comprises several output circuits comprising an increasing number of turns and individually actuable by means of electrical or electronic switches of the triac or thyristor type 15 controlled by control electronics 16.
- the voltage raising device according to FIG. 9 is of the auto-transformer type comprising a variable transformer 17 provided with two sliders 18, 19 mounted in the circuit d 'a secondary winding 20 of a transformer 21 whose primary winding 22 is mounted in series in the phase conductor Ph.
- the sliders 18, 19 make it possible to add or subtract a voltage from the upstream voltage so as to maintain in output the desired voltage.
- the latter is regulated by a controller electronic 23 also providing the overcurrent control function.
- the voltage raising device E in the figures
- the protection device comprises an RI relay, one terminal of which is connected via a bimetal contact 25 to the phase conductor Ph and the other terminal of which is connected to the neutral conductor N.
- This relay controls a certain number of contacts such as a rest contact rll placed in the phase conductor Ph downstream of the winding 13, a normally open contact rl3 intended to short-circuit the transformer 13 when it is closed as well as a contact rl4 disposed between the phase conductor Ph and the terminal of the relay RI, which is connected to the bimetal contact 25.
- the contact rl4 is normally open.
- the relay also includes a contact rl5 intended to close a circuit 27 of an acoustic vibrator and / or of a light-emitting diode of the LED type and / or of any other contact for signaling a fault.
- the protection device also includes a relay R2 mounted downstream of the transformer 10 between the phase conductor Ph and the neutral conductor N.
- This relay controls a contact r21 normally closed and disposed between the terminal of the relay RI which is connected to the bimetal contact 25 and the phase conductor Ph.
- This relay can also cause the excitation of the relay RI in the event of a lack of voltage at the output of the transformer 10.
- the protection device protects against faulty operation of the transformer, without stopping the installation downstream of the lifting device and allows signaling of faults to ensure maximum service continuity for a public lighting installation, even in the event of a lifting device failure.
- Faults in a voltage raising device E could be caused by 1 excessive heating detected by the bimetal contact 25 or a short circuit inside the windings detected by the relay R2. In both cases the transformer is short-circuited by contact rl3.
- the defective voltage booster will not correct the downstream voltage and the last candelabra in an installation may not light up. This malfunction is less annoying for the user of an installation than the complete interruption of the installation part located downstream of the defective voltage booster E.
- the transformer 10 has special characteristics, in particular with regard to the shape of its carcass 11 and the material of the sheets used for its manufacture, so as to reduce its external volume and allow it to be integrated into the interior of a candelabra.
- connection box B itself housed inside a candelabra C and accessible by the hatch visit 29 of the candelabrum.
- the box encloses a voltage raising device E and a protection F made in the form of a fuse or circuit breaker.
- the connection box B comprises two substantially identical terminal blocks 30, 31.
- Terminal block 30 is connected to the upstream cable section A1 and terminal block 31 to the downstream cable section A2.
- the protection device F and / or the voltage raising device E is mounted in series with the cable sections Al and A2 between these two terminal blocks 30 and 31.
- Each terminal block comprises, on the other hand, a device for connecting the conductors 33 for supplying the electrical equipment, namely the lamp L of the candelabrum, by means of protection by fuse or circuit breaker 34.
- the terminals 30 and 31 each include two or more terminals 36 placed side by side, which are parallelepipedal metal blocks, each of which is individually electrically connected to one of the connectors N, Phi to Ph3 of cable A.
- each terminal 36 includes a cell 40 capable of receiving and inserting one of the connectors N, Phi to Ph3, and a cell 41 for receiving a connector 42 for connection to a voltage raising device E and / or an electrical protection F , or a connector going directly from the terminal block 30 to the terminal block 31, as well as a cell 43 allowing the branch connection of the cable 33 for supplying the lamp L.
- the terminals 36 are housed inside the insulating housing of the terminal block 30, 31, individually inside compartments 45, with a large clearance allowing them to move vertically relative as shown by the arrow.
- the cell 40 of each of the terminals 36 opens out through a window 47 on the lower face 48 of the terminal block, and the cells 41 and 43 open on the upper face at 50 of the terminal block.
- the cells 40, 41 and 43 receive clamping screws respectively 51, 52 and 53, all accessible by the front face 55 of the terminal block.
- the insulating box is provided with mounting and locking means inside the box B such as hooking lugs 57 and / or a hooking system on fixing rails.
- a terminal block 30, 31 shown in FIG. 6 is three-phase with neutral and includes four identical terminals 36 placed side by side in four insulated housings 45 of its housing, each of the terminals connecting individually to a neutral conductor and of phase of cable A.
- the terminal blocks could be unipolar or multipolar depending on the type of network.
- the lifting and protection devices E and F have the advantage of being able to connect in series with the network between the terminals 30 and 31 on one of the phases of the cable. Protection F could also be three-phase if the installer decided to put a single three-phase protection for all the phases of the cable in the same candelabra. It is the same for the voltage raising device E.
- the circuit 3 includes the protection 34 of the branch circuit is connected between a phase, namely the phase Phi in FIG. 5 and the neutral conductor N.
- the arrangement of the terminal blocks 30 and 31 allows all the possibilities of connection in series or in diversion inside the box B, whatever the type of uni-or three-pole connection.
- the arrangement of the cells 41, 43 is advantageous for the electrical connection.
- the cells are open at the bottom to connect the conductors Ph of the cable coming from the ground while the cells 41 and 43 are open at the top to simplify the connection of the conductors 42 and 33.
- FIG. 10 shows another mode of mounting the voltage raising device E in a candelabra C.
- the transformer 10 and its relays RI and R2 are mounted on a support, a plate or a housing 63.
- the assembly can be fixed above the connection box B, either by being fixed on the roof 58 of the box or by being blocked by suitable hooking means inside the candelabra above the access door 29 , cables 60 ensuring that the device E is connected in series on the terminal blocks 30 and 31.
- the plate 57 is not accessible through the door 29.
- An light-emitting diode of the circuit 27 will be placed inside of the box to report any malfunction of the voltage raising device E and will be connected to this via a conductor 62.
- the voltage raising device E must be able to operate outdoors for many years and therefore withstand severe climatic conditions. All components will meet these requirements.
- the transformer 10 will be waterproof and favorably impregnated with a protective resin, the electronic parts other than those of connection being advantageously embedded in a solidified resin.
- each voltage-raising device E When a public lighting network is powered up, it may be advantageous for each voltage-raising device E to supply the network placed downstream after a predetermined time so that each part of the network zl, z2 placed respectively downstream of the lifting devices, for example El, E4 in the Phi phase, are energized one after the other, sequentially, which has the advantage of gradually putting a network into service and limiting the intensities starting.
- each lifting device E will be equipped upstream with a delay relay 65 with adjustable delay after the appearance of the upstream voltage.
- the various electrical equipment placed downstream of the voltage raising devices E can be subjected to significant overloads for several minutes.
- the device E as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 can also optionally reduce its output voltage to a predetermined value, in particular during certain periods of the night to limit the lighting and the energy consumed.
- the control electronics 16 or 23 will be controlled by a clock 30 shown in FIG. 8.
- connection cabinet 1 It is also advantageous to limit the variations in voltage of the source from the connection cabinet 1 so that the supply voltage of the entire network is precisely adjusted to the nominal voltage value of the source. It is then necessary to place in the cabinet 1 where the station at the head of the installation a regulator R as shown in FIG. 3 which has the function of regulating the variations in the voltage of the network.
- a regulator R as shown in FIG. 3 which has the function of regulating the variations in the voltage of the network.
- these cabinets have a large internal volume, it is possible to accommodate a large size regulator regulating the entire network for the entire range of possible variations in the voltage of the energy source, so as to limit the importance of the regulation carried out by each of the lifting devices voltage E housed in the candelabra.
- the E devices placed downstream only have to compensate for the line voltage drops.
- the regulator R is favorably of the same type as that shown in FIG. 8. It can optionally include adjustment possibilities at a reduced voltage controlled by the clock so as to save energy during off-peak hours or to start the network under reduced tension.
- the regulator R has the advantage of avoiding any propagation of overvoltages along the network, which are harmful for the lighting lamps.
- the regulator R can advantageously be installed in association with voltage raising devices E of the type shown in FIG. 7, the manufacturing cost of which is reduced. In the case of installations not requiring a regulator R at the head, in particular in the case of the extension of an installation by a line comprising a few candelabras, the use of a voltage raising device E regulating this line is sufficient . It will then be advantageous to use a device E of the type shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, which regulate the voltage within a narrow adjustment range, which has the effect of protecting the lamps against overvoltages.
- the voltage raising devices could be entirely electronic using the technique of cutting the current by transistor with the technique of modulation of the pulse width.
- FIG. 11 illustrates a fully electronic embodiment of the lifting device E.
- This device comprises, mounted between a phase conductor Ph and the neutral conductor N, a rectifier 65, an adjustment circuit 66 and an inverter 67.
- the terminals of input 68, 69 of the amplifier are connected respectively to the output terminals 70 of the neutral conductor and 71 of the Ph phase.
- the output terminal 71 is connected to output 72 of the amplifier, the other output 73 of which is connected to the input 74 of the inverter 67.
- the other input 75 of the latter is connected to the output terminal 70 of the rectifier
- the voltage step-up device is designed so that, if the grid voltage is equal to or greater than its nominal value, the voltage U2 is equal to zero and the inverter's cutting system ensures that its output voltage is equal to the nominal value. On the other hand, if the network voltage at the input of rectifier 65 is lower than the nominal value, the adjustment circuit
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00956598A EP1203272A1 (en) | 1999-08-11 | 2000-08-02 | Electric power supply network, in particular for public lighting |
AU68486/00A AU6848600A (en) | 1999-08-11 | 2000-08-02 | Electric power supply network, in particular for public lighting |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9910400A FR2797531B1 (en) | 1999-08-11 | 1999-08-11 | ELECTRICAL ENERGY SUPPLY NETWORK, ESPECIALLY PUBLIC LIGHTING |
FR99/10400 | 1999-08-11 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001013193A1 true WO2001013193A1 (en) | 2001-02-22 |
Family
ID=9549078
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2000/002222 WO2001013193A1 (en) | 1999-08-11 | 2000-08-02 | Electric power supply network, in particular for public lighting |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1203272A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU6848600A (en) |
FR (1) | FR2797531B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001013193A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2911470B1 (en) * | 2007-01-12 | 2011-04-08 | Augier S A | LOW VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL DEVICE |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2109087A5 (en) * | 1970-09-22 | 1972-05-26 | Teco | |
US3862411A (en) * | 1971-06-11 | 1975-01-21 | Leonard Per Anders Persson | Apparatus for outdoor lighting, especially for traffic signs |
FR2661250A1 (en) * | 1990-04-18 | 1991-10-25 | Chauffe Cie Generale | Device for monitoring a public or similar lighting system in order to locate breakdowns in light fittings |
-
1999
- 1999-08-11 FR FR9910400A patent/FR2797531B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-08-02 WO PCT/FR2000/002222 patent/WO2001013193A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-08-02 AU AU68486/00A patent/AU6848600A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-08-02 EP EP00956598A patent/EP1203272A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2109087A5 (en) * | 1970-09-22 | 1972-05-26 | Teco | |
US3862411A (en) * | 1971-06-11 | 1975-01-21 | Leonard Per Anders Persson | Apparatus for outdoor lighting, especially for traffic signs |
FR2661250A1 (en) * | 1990-04-18 | 1991-10-25 | Chauffe Cie Generale | Device for monitoring a public or similar lighting system in order to locate breakdowns in light fittings |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2797531A1 (en) | 2001-02-16 |
AU6848600A (en) | 2001-03-13 |
EP1203272A1 (en) | 2002-05-08 |
FR2797531B1 (en) | 2001-10-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP1449287B1 (en) | Control and protection module of a switch apparatus | |
EP2320535B1 (en) | Current-limiting circuit breaker, electrical distribution device equipped with such a limiting circuit breaker and current-limiting method | |
FR2732170A1 (en) | HIGH VOLTAGE PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY STATION WITH PERSONALIZED STORAGE | |
EP0096601B1 (en) | Functional low-voltage power distribution block | |
FR2527409A1 (en) | DEVICE FOR REMOTE DETECTION OF A GRILLED LAMP IN A LIGHTING INSTALLATION WITH A PLURALITY OF LAMPS IN PARALLEL | |
EP0836280B1 (en) | Electronic switch with two-wire supply | |
EP3594699B1 (en) | Differential protection device | |
WO2001013193A1 (en) | Electric power supply network, in particular for public lighting | |
FR2545999A1 (en) | OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION DEVICE FOR LOW VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION OR NETWORK | |
CA2346313C (en) | Electric energy transmission and distribution system | |
FR2497013A1 (en) | Automatic load shedding controller for electrical installation - uses overcurrent detectors on input supply to disconnect low priority loads if input current becomes excessive | |
EP1106420B1 (en) | Electric protective relay | |
EP0304363A1 (en) | Power regulator, in particular for airport lighting | |
WO2011135239A1 (en) | Safety device for photovoltaic panels | |
EP2432026A1 (en) | Photovoltaic plant with protection against the risks of electrocution in the event of a fire and safety box for such a plant | |
EP0795224A1 (en) | Power supply system for auxiliary equipment in a pumping station with a remote power supply | |
FR2549287A1 (en) | Differential protective switch with neutral cable break protection | |
FR2538177A1 (en) | Low-voltage installation for automated electrical distribution. | |
WO2002011242A2 (en) | Device enabling a master apparatus to activate automatically at least a slave apparatus when the master apparatus is operated | |
BE1018253A3 (en) | DEVICE FOR PROTECTING AGAINST MESH DEFECT EFFECTS IN MEDIUM VOLTAGE NETWORKS. | |
FR2609580A1 (en) | Lightning-arrester module for protection against industrial overvoltages | |
EP0338945B1 (en) | Static thyristor-arrangement for a middle-range voltage ac network | |
FR2671240A1 (en) | Device for control of a circuit breaker in the event of a break in the neutral line | |
FR2737057A1 (en) | FAULT SIGNALING COMMUNICATION CIRCUIT AND ASSOCIATED TEST MODULE | |
FR2982435A1 (en) | PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL SECURITY DEVICE |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VN YU ZA ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2000956598 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2000956598 Country of ref document: EP |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8642 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 2000956598 Country of ref document: EP |