WO2000072934A1 - Procede de cristallisation d'une solution aqueuse - Google Patents
Procede de cristallisation d'une solution aqueuse Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000072934A1 WO2000072934A1 PCT/FR2000/001394 FR0001394W WO0072934A1 WO 2000072934 A1 WO2000072934 A1 WO 2000072934A1 FR 0001394 W FR0001394 W FR 0001394W WO 0072934 A1 WO0072934 A1 WO 0072934A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- foam
- crystals
- crystallization
- medium
- carried out
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D9/00—Crystallisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D9/00—Crystallisation
- B01D9/005—Selection of auxiliary, e.g. for control of crystallisation nuclei, of crystal growth, of adherence to walls; Arrangements for introduction thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the crystallization of an aqueous solution with a view to obtaining crystals or crystal agglomerates which can be used in industry, for example the pharmaceutical industry or the cosmetic industry.
- the criteria usually sought by the industry for the crystals which are recovered at the end of a crystallization process, are usually the purity, and possibly the flowability of the product (in order to facilitate its handling), as well as the suitability has a rapid dissolution. Controlled particle size is also a very important parameter. In the pharmaceutical industry, for example, putting capsules for the assimilation of active ingredients requires a particle size which is determined as precisely as possible.
- solubility that is to say the maximum quantity of product capable of dissolving, at a given temperature, in a given quantity of solvent
- solubility generally increases when the temperature increases. Therefore, when one wishes not to dissolve a substance, but to crystallize it, it is necessary to cool the solution in order to modify the initial equilibrium thereof.
- concentration of the solution at a given temperature compared to that at equilibrium at this same temperature, is called supersaturation, which is a metastable state for a body which remains liquid while its concentration is greater than saturation.
- This supersaturation is a necessary condition for crystallization, and this is most of the time generated by cooling. The cooling rate therefore conditions the supersaturation of the solution.
- the cooling temperature is low, a mediocre distribution of the particle size is obtained, that is to say that the particle size thereof corresponds to a very spread spectrum.
- the time required is very important, since it is necessary to adapt the speed to the kinetics, which leads to process times reaching for example forty hours.
- the temperature must not be too low, in particular in order to avoid the above-mentioned solidification which would render the product unusable.
- cooling crystallization processes currently used are carried out with stirring (in order to avoid any high local supersaturation), continuously, and with precise temperature control in order to avoid approaching the temperature zone or the we would find a risk of initiating a solidification.
- the cooling rates are thus limited by the kinetics of crystallization, and in particular by the nucleation frequency.
- This document describes a crystallization process using a three-dimensional carrier matrix through which the solution to be crystallized passes, said matrix having a large specific surface (2000 to 10000 m 2 / m 3 ).
- the structure of this solid matrix is an "open-pored foam" whose porosity ranges from 0.3 to 3 mm, and it is expressly said that said matrix must have a high mechanical resistance to resist a cent ⁇ fugation, the constituent materials being ceramic materials, aluminum oxides, glass or polymers.
- the object of the present invention is to design a method for crystallizing an aqueous solution which makes it possible both to control the apparent particle size of the crystals and to reduce the time required to obtain crystals having the desired particle size, while eliminating the risk of solidification without addition of solvent.
- a method of crystallizing an aqueous solution characterized in that it comprises the initial addition to the aqueous solution of at least one surfactant, at least in the case where the aqueous solution does not already contain a natural surfactant, then the medium is abundant for the formation of foam, the crystallization then being carried out in a structured medium in the form of foam, said structured medium then serving as a temporary material support for the crystals in formation , after which the crystals or the crystal agglomerates are recovered by destructuring the foam.
- the process of the invention thus offers a very interesting alternative to so-called volume crystallizations, in so far as one takes maximum advantage of the geometry of polyhedral type presented by the cells of the structured medium in the form of foam.
- foam here refers to liquid or aqueous foams, practically without own mechanical resistance, such as soapy compositions, which has nothing to do with three-dimensional structures with open porosity or "open-pored foam "(such as those described in US-A-5,338,519).
- the liquid is depleted, which leads to the appearance of polyhedral cells whose flat faces form liquid films.
- This formation of liquid films allows precisely to control the crystallization process by avoiding any interference, in particular any agglo-coalescence which would lead to the solidification that we just want to avoid.
- the crystallization process is then no longer carried out in volume as in conventional techniques, but in a two-dimensional manner at the level of each of the plane faces of the polyhedral cells forming the structured medium.
- provision may be made after the proliferation of the medium for the foaming, the foam obtained as a result of the expansion is cooled to create a supersaturated solution, until the final recovery of the crystals or crystal agglomerates by destructuring the foam.
- the expansion is preferably carried out by mechanical stirring with the addition of a gas, in particular air.
- Mechanical stirring can be stopped as soon as the desired expansion is obtained, before the initiation of cooling, or as a variant be maintained during crystallization.
- the expansion rate that is to say the ratio between the volume of air and the volume of product, will be chosen according to the desired particle size of the crystals. This gives very advantageous control over the particle size of the crystals obtained by the simple choice of the expansion rate, this resulting from the fact that the expansion rate associated with a given initial formulation directly regulates the liquid thickness of the faces of the polyhedral cells constituting the structured medium in the form of foam.
- the destructuring of the foam to recover the crystals or the agglomerates ⁇ e crystals can be carried out by mechanical means, in particular by crushing or by restarting the agitator.
- this destructuring can be achieved by adding solvent, or even pa 1 -: 0itrat ⁇ cr after pumping the foam.
- the crystals or the agglomerates of recovered crystals are washed to remove the impurities.
- washing the crystals and crystal agglomerates can then be produced in a single operation.
- the process of crystallization of an aqueous solution is remarkable in that the crystallization is carried out in a structured medium in the form of foam, said structured medium then serving as a temporary material support for the crystals in formation, after whereby the crystals or the crystal agglomerates are recovered by destructuring the foam.
- polyhedral cells for the structured medium in the form of foam makes it possible to easily obtain thicknesses of the constituent faces which are very small and thus make it possible to exercise control over the particle size of the crystals in formation.
- the foam undergoes more or less slow degradation (a few minutes to a few hours * at in which come a series of complex mechanisms such as vertical bubble segregation, gravitational drainage, and capillary suction.
- Vertical bubble segregation can occur because Archimedes' thrust is greater for large bubbles than for small ones, which is found at the start of foam formation.
- Gravitational drainage occurs during the entire life of the foam: it is a true natural liquid flow within the film. The proportion of liquid present in the foam decreases, and the bubbles lose their spherical shape to become polyhedral.
- the foam can then start to degrade by breaking relatively thin films (at least a few ⁇ m thick), if there is no mechanism for stabilizing disturbances in the inter-bubble film.
- the destabilization of the foam can be slowed by increasing the viscosity of the medium, if the polyhedral bubbles are large, or by the presence of solid or liquid particles of another phase (the size of which is of course less than the thickness of the film) within the liquid film.
- the crystals will form orerentially at the edges of Plateau, and their size will be limited by the space available at the intersection of several cells (micrometric size). In this case, crystals of very small particle size are obtained, with the advantage of being able to limit the growth rate of the compound. In this case, however, it is impossible to have very large crystals.
- the crystallization can extend to the entire liquid film. If the final cooling temperature is low (minus 20 ° C for example), a foam is obtained in the long term, the honeycomb structure of which does not prevent the recovery of the crystals since the mechanical resistance of this three-dimensional building is relatively low. A real three-dimensional wireframe structure is then produced which can be easily collapsed by mechanical or other means, contrary to what could be encountered in the case of a solid block, for which recovery is practically impossible. The crystals obtained then are relatively fine, that is to say a few microns, and can be found in the form of agglomerates whose size can go up to the millimeter. This method therefore makes it possible to recover the crystals contained in a solid solution and, moreover, to form agglomerates capable of improving the flow properties of the product.
- the first phase of the crystallization process according to the invention comprises the initial addition to the aqueous solution of at least one surfactant, and optionally also of a stabilizing agent.
- a stabilizing agent such as a gelling agent or a polymer (for example polyoxyethylene), or optionally a polymer of plant origin such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC).
- a surfactant representing from 1 to 6% of the water mass of the concentrated saturated solution used as a starting point.
- surfactants tre- possibly of plant origin, including those already used in Îa r foam technology.
- the sulframine qu_ is manufactured by the company ITCO, which constitutes u; interesting surfactant. It is of course possible to envisage the addition of nonionic surfactants, which must however be chemically compatible with the product concerned, and also compatible with the purity of the final product sought.
- the medium is expanded to form foam.
- the expansion is preferably carried out by mechanical stirring with the addition of a gas, in particular air or nitrogen.
- a gas in particular air or nitrogen.
- the degree of agitation will naturally depend on the activity of the surfactant used.
- the addition of gas can be done by direct injection of a liquid / gas mixture either through a block of sintered material (static mixer), or by dynamic expansion in a continuous device of stator-rotor type, or alternatively using a gas taken from the surface by the middle sky.
- the expansion rate will preferably be chosen directly as a function of the granulometry of the crystals sought.
- This expansion rate which is represented by the air / liquid volume ratio in fact regulates the liquid thickness of the faces of the polyhedral cells, and thus directly controls the particle size of the crystals in formation or of the agglomerates of these crystals by confining the particles in the liquid plate constituting the faces of the polyhedral cells.
- the foam obtained is then cooled to create a supersaturated solution, after which the final recovery of the crystals or crystal agglomerates is carried out by destructuring the foam. This destructuring can be carried out by purely mechanical means, for example by crushing or by restarting the agitator.
- this destructuring can be carried out by adding solvent or even by filtration after pumping the foam.
- the three-dimensional structure in which the crystals or crystal agglomerates are embedded has an extremely low mechanical strength, which has nothing to do with that of a solidification block which would be obtained by a lack of control. of the crystallization process.
- a simple pressurization (continuous or by impact) on the three-dimensional structure is sufficient to carry out the crushing to recover the crystals and crystal agglomerates.
- the medium was then expanded by stirring, with the introduction of gas bubbles within the liquid.
- stirring was carried out in a few minutes using a food processor.
- the foam was then cooled to create a supersaturated solution.
- the saturated solutions were thus cooled to 20 ° C or to - 20 ° C for about 10 hours without stirring.
- a test was also carried out on a concentrated glucose solution cooled to 20 ° C with stirring to improve the transfer coefficient to the wall.
- the results of these tests tend to show that the particle size distribution of the crystals recovered initially varies very little with the initial amount of surfactant for a given cooling temperature. It was further observed that the average size increased at lower temperature, the crystals formed are certainly smaller, but agglomerating better.
- the average volume size of the sample varied between 422 and 470 ⁇ for concentrated glucose solutions, and between 90 and 180 ⁇ for low concentrated glycine solutions.
- the solubility of glycine being very much lower than that of glucose in water, it was found that the crystals were found in individualized form at the end of crystallization, without the formation of crystal agglomerates. The size of the crystals was then small (average size approximately 100 ⁇ m at -20 ° C.).
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00931332A EP1183085A1 (fr) | 1999-05-28 | 2000-05-22 | Procede de cristallisation d'une solution aqueuse |
AU49300/00A AU4930000A (en) | 1999-05-28 | 2000-05-22 | Method for crystallizing an aqueous solution |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR99/06769 | 1999-05-28 | ||
FR9906769A FR2794031B1 (fr) | 1999-05-28 | 1999-05-28 | Procede de cristallisation d'une solution aqueuse |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000072934A1 true WO2000072934A1 (fr) | 2000-12-07 |
Family
ID=9546121
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2000/001394 WO2000072934A1 (fr) | 1999-05-28 | 2000-05-22 | Procede de cristallisation d'une solution aqueuse |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1183085A1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU4930000A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2794031B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2000072934A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018039151A1 (fr) | 2016-08-23 | 2018-03-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Procédé de fabrication de particules solides |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB976457A (en) * | 1962-11-29 | 1964-11-25 | Int Minerals & Chem Corp | Benefication of ores |
US3917801A (en) * | 1974-01-03 | 1975-11-04 | United States Borax Chem | Flotation of boric acid from sodium sulfate obtained during the processing of borate ores |
US5338519A (en) * | 1990-12-21 | 1994-08-16 | Sulzer Brothers Limited | Process and apparatus for separating substances by crystallization |
-
1999
- 1999-05-28 FR FR9906769A patent/FR2794031B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-05-22 AU AU49300/00A patent/AU4930000A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-05-22 WO PCT/FR2000/001394 patent/WO2000072934A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-05-22 EP EP00931332A patent/EP1183085A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB976457A (en) * | 1962-11-29 | 1964-11-25 | Int Minerals & Chem Corp | Benefication of ores |
US3917801A (en) * | 1974-01-03 | 1975-11-04 | United States Borax Chem | Flotation of boric acid from sodium sulfate obtained during the processing of borate ores |
US5338519A (en) * | 1990-12-21 | 1994-08-16 | Sulzer Brothers Limited | Process and apparatus for separating substances by crystallization |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018039151A1 (fr) | 2016-08-23 | 2018-03-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Procédé de fabrication de particules solides |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2794031B1 (fr) | 2002-04-05 |
AU4930000A (en) | 2000-12-18 |
EP1183085A1 (fr) | 2002-03-06 |
FR2794031A1 (fr) | 2000-12-01 |
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