WO2000071823A1

WO2000071823A1 - Flexible brick plate and building method using said curved roofing panels

Info

Publication number: WO2000071823A1
Application number: PCT/ES1999/000150
Authority: WO
Inventors: Vicente Sarrablo Moreno
Original assignee: Asociacion Española De Fabricantes De Ladrillos Y Tejas De Arcilla Cocida, Hispalyt.
Priority date: 1999-05-24
Filing date: 1999-05-24
Publication date: 2000-11-30
Also published as: EP1213396A8; DE69910846T2; EP1213396B1; EP1213396A1; ES2207216T3; DE69910846D1

Abstract

The plate (1) comprises a support (2) having holes (2a), a plurality of bricks (3) forming a mesh, spacers (4), reinforcement and fixing means (5) affixed to the opposite borders (2b) of the support (2) and reinforced bars (6) in the spacers (4) connected to the support (2) and affixed by their ends (6a) to said elements (5). The plate (1) is suspended by said elements (5) allowing it to adopt an inverted catenary arch shape. The span and the rise are fixed by joining both elements (5) using rigid bars (10). The plate is then inverted (1) while maintaining the rigid bars (10). The plate is then placed in its final location and covered with concrete or mortar. Once the concrete or mortar has set, the bars (10) are removed thereby obtaining said arched roofing.

Description

FLEXTBLE BRICK SHEET AND CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE WITH DTCfíA SHEET OF ABOVED COVERS

Scope of the invention The present invention concerns a flexible sheet of bricks in function of a brick building element seen with lost formwork, applicable to the construction of pavements, walls and roofs, preferably of sinuous development, and more especially of factory domed roofs. armed with its intrados brick finish. The present invention also concerns a construction process with said factory domed roof sheet armed with its finished intrados, that is, for the construction of domed roofs of the type formed by a plurality of bricks arranged flat, in grid, leaving spaces separating each other for the bidirectional step of stiffening reinforcements and with said intrados brick finish seen.

Background of the invention

The factory domed roofs are known since ancient times. However, such roofs require considerable thicknesses to achieve sufficient flexural strength to cover large lights or to withstand significant stresses, such as overloads, wind or earthquakes, having been overcome by reinforced concrete, which allows for smaller thickness covers. More recently, the use of a steel reinforcement between the joints of such factories has been introduced, thus achieving a considerable increase in their resistance to flexotraction and compression that has allowed them to overcome many of the limitations that relegated them to the functions of mere enclosure. In the factories of reinforced ceramics, the ceramic pieces act as formwork of the concrete or mortar as well as mechanically active elements, also presenting an attractive brick finish since it does not require further treatment. This reports a better use of materials and labor savings. The greatest contribution to this technique has been made by the Uruguayan engineer Eladio

Dieste, that in the 40s began the construction of laminar roofs of ceramic factory with a bidirectional assembly. Dieste makes an arrangement of the ceramic elements (flat bricks or vaults) in grid, defining a continuity longitudinal and transverse of the joints in which the reinforcement bars are housed as a network, subsequently filling said joints with concrete or mortar, with which the assembly is also covered forming a thin compression layer. With this technique the bricks are not mere lightening ones of weight but they contribute to the resistance of the roof, being able to realize roofs of very little thickness using laminar geometries such as folded, of catenary guideline or of double curve. More than one million square meters built in Uruguay, Argentina and Brazil guarantee the effectiveness of this method, with which lights of up to 50 meters have been achieved.

More recently, the Spanish architect Carlos Clemente, participating jointly with Dieste, has used this technique in several works in the Corredor del Henares, Madrid, Spain.

The main drawback of the use of this technique is economic, since the construction of such domed roofs is essential to use formwork and formwork, which have a high cost in materials and labor, being also specific to each cover, so they are not reusable for covers of different characteristics.

Prefabricated boards of armed factory are also known in the state of the art. However, these present difficulties in easily covering lights greater than 3'20 meters due to their flat geometry. In addition, they do not have a definitive interior finish, so an additional expense is necessary for the superficial treatment of your intrados.

Accordingly, the present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by providing a prefabricated element and an associated construction process that allow an industrial manufacturing phase and a construction phase on site that avoid the use of formwork and formwork in the construction of domed roofs. , while providing a definitive finish of your intrados, and thus achieving a considerable reduction in the costs and times of manufacture and construction of such covers. BRIEF EXPOSURE OF THE INVENTION The first part of this objective is achieved by providing a flexible sheet of bricks that can be prefabricated, which, in function of the brick construction element seen with lost formwork, is applicable to the construction of pavements, walls and winding development decks and especially to the construction of factory vaulted roofs armed with its intrados brick finish. Said flexible brick sheet consists of a flexible laminar support, provided with a plurality of holes sufficient for the passage of concrete or mortar, on which a plurality of bricks are fixed, arranged in a grid forming a grid, leaving separation spaces between them. aligned. Said laminar support has stiffening and clamping elements, such as angular profiles, fixed to first edges of opposite ends of said laminar support. Along said separation spaces aligned between bricks are arranged, in the direction perpendicular to said stiffening and fastening elements, a plurality of first reinforcement bars, which are linked, by means of spacers, at least to a series of points of said laminar support and fixed at its ends to said stiffening and fastening elements.

The above elements constitute the base of the flexible brick sheet of the present invention, whose sheet is capable of being manipulated, for example by a crane, being held by means of said stiffening and clamping elements, to be flexed, either by its own weight or with the help of some gadget, immobilized and fixed in a definitive location, later completing its construction procedures in said definitive location.

If deemed necessary for final use, the flexible brick sheet further comprises a plurality of second reinforcing bars arranged in said separation spaces aligned between bricks in the direction parallel to said stiffening and clamping elements, intersecting with the first bars of armed between them and the flexible sheet, and with its ends protruding by corresponding second edges of opposite ends of the sheet perpendicular to said first edges of opposite ends. Typically, said protruding ends are curved in the form of hooks.

Depending on the intended use, or on the chosen variant of the construction method, which will be set forth below, the flexible brick sheet also comprises sealing means of said separation spaces aligned between bricks, sufficient to retain a concrete or mortar poured or projected on the face corresponding to the laminar support thereof.

The second part of the objective of the present invention is achieved by providing a method of construction of factory domed roofs assembled with their intrados finish, of the type formed by a plurality of bricks arranged in a grid forming a grid, leaving spaces for separation between them for the bidirectional step of stiffening reinforcements and with said finish of the brick intrados seen.

Said process comprises, first of all, a series of steps (a) to (c) that are aimed at making a flexible brick sheet as described above, in accordance with the present invention. The order in which these steps are carried out is indifferent, the plurality of bricks can be fixed first to the laminar support and then fixed the stiffening and fastening elements, as well as the first assembly bars, or vice versa. Next, we proceed to carry out the steps of: (d) suspending said flexible brick sheet by said stiffening and clamping elements, with the board face seen at the bottom, allowing it to freely adopt, by its own weight, an inverted arc cross-sectional configuration of a catenary guideline, working at pure traction;

(e) fixing a preselected light and arrow for said inverted arc of catenary guideline linking both stiffening and fastening elements of the first edges of opposite ends of said flexible brick sheet together by means of rigid tie bars of a predetermined length ;

(f) reverse the position of the flexible brick sheet maintaining said bonding by means of said rigid tie bars, allowing it to freely adopt, by its own weight, a vaulted cross-sectional configuration in an arc of catenary guideline, of light and arrow equal to those set in step (e), but working with pure compression, and place the flexible brick sheet so arranged in its final location; (g) coating the flexible brick sheet at its top with concrete or mortar, ensuring that said concrete or mortar passes through said plurality of holes of the laminar support and fills said separation spaces aligned between bricks by embedding said first reinforcement bars and that it also forms a layer of a predetermined thickness above said laminate support; Y

(h) remove, once the concrete has set, the said rigid tie rods, with which said domed roof of the reinforced factory is formed, with an arc cross section of catenary guideline and with its finished intrados, of exposed brick, without Need for further treatment.

The result will be a laminar cover in which said laminar support will be integrated, acting as a puncture-resistant reinforcement and contributing to the resistance to longitudinal and transverse flexures of said cover, as well as the bricks, which will act as compression-resistant elements. The thickness of the concrete or mortar layer, and therefore the total thickness of the roof, will be minimized by virtue of the high strength provided by the catenary guideline arc curvature.

To form a domed surface of greater length, during step (f) of the process of the invention two or more of said flexible sheets of bricks, consecutively attached to the head, are placed in their definitive location. In addition, the establishment of a mechanical continuity along the entire vaulted surface has been foreseen, by virtue of which, once it has been completed, it behaves like a beam with a large edge, that is, capable of self-sustaining, for example , supported only by its ends, or with a cantilever portion. Said mechanical continuity is provided by a plurality of second reinforcement bars arranged in the direction parallel to the stiffening and fastening elements of the laminar supports of the flexible sheets of bricks. Said second reinforcement bars can be, as explained above, integrated into each flexible brick sheet prior to its placement at the final location, or they can be added, for example, to each or several of the flexible sheets of bricks as they are placed, or they can be added to the entire set of flexible sheets of bricks when they are already in their final location attached to the head, or combinations of any of said methods. It is evident that when said second reinforcement bars do not extend along the entire vaulted surface it is necessary to provide that they have protruding ends that overlap with the second assembling bars of flexible sheets of adjacent bricks, and the mechanical bonding between them. , before proceeding to its embedding with concrete or mortar.

The process according to the invention contemplates the sealing of said separation spaces aligned between bricks prior to the passage (g), in order to retain the concrete poured onto the sheet support of the flexible brick sheet. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, said sealing is achieved by flanges of the edges of the bricks, adjacent to its exposed board, whose flanges are susceptible of being very close, or in contact, with each other, defining between them and the laminar support the aforementioned separation spaces aligned between bricks in which the first ones are located, and where appropriate also the second, reinforcement bars. In another exemplary embodiment, said sealing comprises the application, at any time between the steps (c) and (g), of a flexible, substantially impermeable canvas, such as a plastic sheet, removably fixed on the table face view of the flexible brick sheet or sheets. In this case, step (h) would include the operation of removing said flexible canvas. Alternatively, the sealing of said spaces of separation between bricks would also be feasible by applying an elastic putty between the steps (e) and (g), whose putty would be integrated into the intrados of the finished domed roof.

In the process of the invention, steps (a) to (c) are typically performed in an industrial prefabricated phase to produce said flexible brick sheet, while steps (d) to (h) are performed on site. The application of said flexible canvas can, therefore, be carried out either during the prefabricated phase or during the work on site, in which case, said application can be carried out on each flexible brick sheet before being placed in its location definitive or over the entire vaulted surface once placed.

The production of said flexible brick sheet in a series industrial prefabrication process allows both the use of elements such as bricks and / or laminar supports designed specifically for such application, as the use of commercially available elements in the market. Although such flexible sheets of bricks can be produced in a wide range of sizes, the most common measures, taking into account transport and handling circumstances, are approximately 6 to 12 meters in the direction perpendicular to the stiffening and clamping elements. and approximately 1 to 2 meters in the direction parallel to them. With larger sizes they could be covered with a single vault, for example, lights of around 10 meters, with unlimited lengths by consecutive juxtaposition of elements attached to the head, and with a few support struts, or combinations of support struts and braces .

For a better understanding of the invention, a detailed description of some preferred embodiments thereof follows, with references to the attached drawings. Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a sheet support for a flexible sheet of bricks according to the present invention, in which stiffening and fastening elements and first reinforcing bars are fixed. Fig. 2 is a plan view, including an enlarged detail, of the laminar support of Fig. 1 on which a plurality of bricks have been fixed.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view along line III-III of Fig. 2, including an enlarged detail.

Fig. 4 is a partial view of a flexible sheet of bricks like that of Fig. 1 but incorporating a plurality of second reinforcing bars.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail of a cross-sectional view along the N-N line of Fig. 4, which further shows the placement of a flexible canvas.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged detail of a cross-sectional view of a variant embodiment of a flexible brick sheet according to the invention. Figs. 7 to 11 are front views that respectively illustrate steps (d) to

(h) of the method of construction of vaulted roofs according to the invention based on the use of a flexible sheet of bricks such as that of Fig. 4, including in Fig. 10 an enlarged cross-sectional detail thereof.

Fig. 12 is an enlarged detail of a cross-sectional view of a variant embodiment of a flexible brick sheet according to the invention.

Figs. 13 and 14 show schematic perspective views of two variants in the arrangement of the second reinforcing bars on a vaulted surface formed by several flexible sheets of bricks according to the invention, configured, placed and attached to the test according to the method of the invention. Detailed description of the preferred embodiments

Referring firstly to Figs. 1 to 3, there is shown in general a flexible brick sheet 1 comprising a flexible sheet support 2 provided with a plurality of holes 2a for the passage of concrete or mortar, on which a plurality of bricks 3 arranged in grid forming table, leaving 4 separation spaces aligned. Stiffening and fastening elements 5 are fixed to first edges 2b of opposite ends of said sheet support 2, while a plurality of first reinforcement bars 6 are arranged along said separation spaces 4 aligned between bricks, in the address perpendicular to said stiffening and fastening elements 5, said first reinforcing bars 6 being linked at least to a series of points 2d of said laminar support 2 and fixed at their ends 6a to said stiffening and fastening elements 5. Said stiffening elements and fastening 5 are, in a preferred embodiment, steel profiles welded to said first edges 2b of opposite ends of said sheet support 2, whose profiles typically comprise elements capable of being hooked by a crane, such as holes 5a or welded rings.

It should be noted that the aforementioned linking of said first reinforcing bars 6 to points 2d of the laminar support 2 is carried out by means of spacers 12, as shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 12, so that they are arranged in the aforementioned separation spaces 4 aligned between bricks, distanced from the sheet support 2 and without protruding from the table seen 3c of the bricks 3. These separators 12 facilitate that, in the case of using said flexible sheet of bricks for the construction of a domed roof, as will be explained later, said reinforcing bars are in a position as close as possible to the intrados, favorable for traction work.

By juxtaposing several of said flexible sheets of bricks 1 attached to the head, for example, a vaulted surface of greater length 40 can be formed, in which case it is necessary to establish a mechanical continuity between all the flexible sheets of bricks 1 that compose it in the longitudinal direction of the vault. For this, for example, each flexible brick sheet 1 also integrates a plurality of second reinforcement bars 7 arranged in said separation spaces 4 aligned between bricks in the direction parallel to said stiffening and clamping elements 5, crossing with the first bars of assembly 6 between them and the flexible sheet, and with its ends 7a protruding by corresponding second edges 2c of opposite ends of the sheet perpendicular to said first edges 2b of opposite ends. Said protruding ends 7a of said second reinforcement bars 7 are curved in the form of hooks and are capable of being mechanically linked to the second reinforcement bars 7 of flexible sheets of adjacent bricks 1.

The flexible brick sheet 1 according to the invention further comprises, in some preferred embodiments, sealing means of said separation spaces 4 aligned between bricks. The purpose of such means of Sealing is that they are sufficient to retain a concrete or mortar poured or projected onto the face corresponding to the sheet support 2 of the flexible sheet of bricks 1.

In one of said embodiments, said sealing means are formed, at least in part, by flanges 3a of the edges 3b of the bricks 3 adjacent to its exposed board 3 c, whose flanges 3 a are likely to be very close , or in contact with each other, delimiting between them and the laminar support 2 the aforementioned separation spaces 4 aligned between bricks, where the first and, where appropriate, the second ones also assemble bars 6, 7. an exemplary embodiment, said sealing means are constituted by a flexible, substantially impermeable flexible canvas 8, such as a removable plastic sheet adhered on the board face, seen on that of the flexible brick sheet 1. Said flexible canvas is removed for Provide the final finish of the work.

The bricks 3 that integrate the flexible brick sheet 1 of the present invention can be of different types, such as solid bricks, hollow bricks or of the vault type, and be constituted of various materials such as ceramics and the like, cement, fiber cement or materials synthetic The fixing of said bricks 3 to the laminar support 2 is carried out by means of a cement-glue 9 or a similar adhesive, or by means of a mechanical fixation, such as an insertion by elastic plug of the clamp type, whose clamps, in a particular embodiment example, are integral of the laminar support. When said glue cement 9 or similar adhesive is used for fixing the bricks, the subsequent curvature to be adopted by the sheet support must be provided, for which the adhesive is applied covering only a part of the width of the brick, as illustrated in Fig. 5, preferably its central third. As regards said sheet support 2, it can also be made in different ways. In a preferred embodiment, the laminar support 2 is a plate having a plurality of oriented incisions made and subsequently stretched until said incisions are open, material that is commercially available and is commonly referred to as a stretched plate. Such stretched plate will typically be arranged with said incisions oriented in the direction parallel to said stiffening and clamping elements 5 in order to provide greater flexibility in such direction and considerable rigidity in the direction perpendicular to it. This stretched iron, once embedded in concrete or mortar, and once it is set, it will offer a very high grip surface with said concrete or mortar, while acting as the reinforcement of the construction element in question.

Other possible materials for said sheet support 2 are an electro-welded metal mesh or a braided metal mesh.

On the other hand, said first and second reinforced baths 6, 7 are preferably corrugated steel baths of those commonly used in the construction sector.

As stated above, an objective of the present invention is to provide a method of construction of domed roofs using one or more flexible sheets of bricks 1 as described above. These domed roofs are of the type of armed factory, with its intrados brick finish.

The process according to the present invention comprises, first of all, the steps (a) to (c) which consist of making a flexible sheet of bricks 1 as described above, whereby the repetition of such is omitted here. description. Next, and referring to Figs. 7 to 11, steps (d) to (h) are described in which the actual construction of such a domed roof is described using the flexible brick sheet 1 of steps (a) to (c), which, in This example also incorporates a flexible canvas 8 in sealing functions of the aligned separation spaces 4 between bricks.

Fig. 7 illustrates step (d), which consists in suspending said flexible sheet of bricks 1 by said stiffening and clamping elements 5, with the table face seen at the bottom, allowing it to freely adopt , by its own weight, an inverted arc cross section configuration of a catenary guideline, working at pure traction. This operation is typically carried out by means of a crane (not shown), for which, in said stiffening and clamping elements 5 holes 5a or welded rings capable of being hooked by said crane are arranged. In Figs. 7 to 9, the bearing force exerted by the crane cables by means of arrows S and the weight of the flexible brick sheet 1 by an arrow P has been represented.

The following step (e) is illustrated in Fig. 8, which consists of fixing a preselected light L and an arrow F for said inverted arc of catenary guideline linking both stiffening and fastening elements 5 of the first edges Ib of opposite ends of said flexible brick sheet 1 by means of rigid cable ties 10 of a predetermined length. In this position, said rigid cable ties 10 are subjected to compression stresses, represented by arrows C in this Fig. 8, while the flexible brick sheet is subjected to tensile stresses, represented by arrows T, which they confer said inverted arc cross-sectional configuration of a catenary guideline.

The following step (f) is illustrated in Fig. 9, which consists in reversing the position of the flexible brick sheet 1 maintaining said bonding by means of said rigid cable ties 10. In this position the efforts are reversed, so that said bars 10 are subjected to tensile stresses, represented by the arrows T, while the flexible brick sheet is subjected to pure compression stresses, represented by the arrows C, which give it a domed configuration of a cross-section in a guideline arc. catenary, of light L and arrow F equal to those set in step (e), but working with pure compression. The flexible brick sheet 1 thus arranged is placed in its final location, for example, resting on pillars 50.

The next step (g) is illustrated in Fig. 10, which consists of coating the flexible brick sheet 1 at its top with concrete or mortar, ensuring that said concrete or mortar passes through said plurality of holes 2a (see detail expanded) of the laminar support 2 and fill said separation spaces 4 aligned between bricks by embedding said first assembly baths 6 and also forming a layer 11 of a predetermined thickness above said laminar support 2. In this step the presence of the flexible canvas 8 as a means of sealing the separation spaces 4 aligned between bricks, retaining the concrete or mortar. Finally, in Fig. 11, the next step (h) is illustrated, which consists of removing, once the concrete has set, the stiffened baffles 10 and, in this case, the flexible canvas 8, with which it is formed said domed roof of armed factory, with a cross section in an arc of catenary guideline and with its finished intrados, of exposed brick, without the need for further treatment. The process according to the present invention has provided that, in the step

(f), two or more of said flexible sheets of bricks 1, consecutively attached to the head, are placed in their final location to form a vaulted surface 40 of greater length. In this case it becomes necessary, as noted above, establish a mechanical continuity between them, which can be done in different ways.

In an exemplary embodiment, which is illustrated in Fig. 13, between the steps (f) and (g), the step (gi) is included, which consists of arranging a plurality of second assembly baths 17 in said separation spaces 4 aligned between bricks in the direction parallel to said stiffening and clamping elements 5, intersecting with the first assembly baths 6 between them and the flexible sheet, each second assembly bar 17 extending along all the flexible sheets of attached bricks 1 to the fore, so that said second reinforced baths 17 establish a mechanical continuity along the entire vaulted surface 40, by virtue of which, once it is finished, it behaves like a beam with a large edge.

In Fig . 14 another variant of the process in which between steps (f) and (g) steps ^are included illustrated: (fj) also have a plurality of second bathe armed 7 in said gaps 4 aligned between bricks in the direction parallel to said stiffening and clamping elements 5, intersecting with the first assembly baths 6 between them and the flexible sheet, each second assembly bath 7 extending along at least one flexible brick sheet 1 and with its ends 7a protruding by a few second edges 2c of opposite ends perpendicular to said first edges 2b of opposite ends; and (f ₂ ) linking said ends 7a of the second reinforced baths 7 protruding from a flexible sheet of bricks 1 to the corresponding second assembling baths 7 of its flexible brick sheet 1 attached to adjacent testa, so that a mechanical continuity of said second reinforcing bars 7 along the entire vaulted surface 40, whereby, once it is finished, it behaves like a beam with a large edge.

The same illustration in Fig. 14 is valid for another variant of the procedure, which only differs from the previous one in that step (fl) is called here step (el) and is carried out between steps (c) and ( d) instead of between steps (f) and (g). That is to say, said plurality of second assembly baths 7 are integrated directly to the flexible brick sheet 1, as set forth above with reference to Fig. 4, prior to the start of the construction of the domed roof by means of it. .

A sealing of the separation spaces 4 aligned between bricks prior to the passage (g) also forms a step of the process of the invention, being able to achieve, for example, by applying, at any time between the steps (c) and (g), of said flexible canvas 8, or by means of said flanges (3a) of the edges (3b) of the bricks (3), described above in reference to Fig. 6. In Fig. 12 an enlarged cross-sectional detail view of a portion of a building element made by a flexible brick sheet such as that of said Fig. 6 is shown. to Fig. 12, the edges 3a of the edges 3b of the bricks 3, adjacent to their table seen 3 c, are very close to each other, defining between them and the laminar support 2 the said separation spaces 4 aligned between bricks . The concrete or mortar poured on the extrados, that is, on the laminar support 2, has penetrated through the holes 2a of the same filling said separation spaces 4 aligned between bricks and embedding the first and second assembly baths 6, 7, being retained by said flanges 3 a.

The process according to the present invention is further characterized in that steps (a) to (c) are capable of being carried out in an industrial prefabricated phase to produce said flexible brick sheet 1, while steps (d) a (h) are performed on site.

It should be noted that the examples of embodiment described above are provided by way of illustration only, so that in no case should they be interpreted in a limiting sense, being an expert in the field capable of introducing numerous variations without thereby departing from the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

CLAIMS 1.- Flexible sheet of bricks in function of a brick construction element with lost formwork applicable to the construction of pavements, walls and roofs of sinuous development and especially of domed roofs of factory assembled with its intrados brick finish seen, being said flexible brick sheet (1) characterized by comprising: a flexible laminar support (2) provided with a plurality of holes (2a) for the passage of concrete or mortar, on which a plurality of bricks (3) arranged in grid forming table, leaving separation spaces (4) aligned; stiffening and clamping elements (5) fixed to first edges (2b) of opposite ends of said laminar support (2); a plurality of first assembly baths (6) arranged along said separation spaces (4) aligned between bricks, in the direction perpendicular to said stiffening and clamping elements (5), said first assembly baths (6) being linked at least to a series of points (2d) of said sheet support (2) and fixed at its ends (6a) to said stiffening and fastening elements (5).

2. Laminate according to Claim 1, characterized in that said linking of said first assembly baths (6) to the laminar support (2) is carried out by means of separators (7), so that they are arranged in said spaces of separation (4) aligned between bricks, distanced from the laminar support (2) and without protruding from the table seen (3c) from the bricks (3).

3. Sheet, according to Claim 2, characterized in that it further comprises a plurality of second reinforcement bars (7) arranged in said separation spaces (4) aligned between bricks in the direction parallel to said stiffening and fastening elements ( 5), intersecting with the first assembly baths (6) between them and the flexible sheet, and with their ends (7a) protruding by a second corresponding edges (2c) of opposite ends of the sheet perpendicular to said first edges (2b) of opposite ends.

4. Sheet, according to Claim 3, characterized in that said protruding ends (7a) of said second assembly baths (7) are curved in the form of hooks.

5. Sheet, according to Claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises sealing means of said separation spaces (4) aligned between bricks, sufficient to retain a concrete or mortar poured or projected on the face corresponding to the laminar support ( 2) of it.

6. Sheet, according to claim 5, characterized in that said sealing means are formed, at least in part, by flanges (3 a) of the edges (3b) of the bricks (3), adjacent to its table view (3c), whose flanges (3a) are likely to be very close, or in contact with each other, delimiting between them and the laminar support (2) the aforementioned separation spaces (4) aligned between bricks.

7. Sheet, according to claim 5, characterized in that said sealing means are constituted by a flexible canvas (8), substantially impermeable, such as a plastic sheet removably adhered on the face of the table seen (the) of the flexible brick sheet (1).

8. Sheet, according to claim 1, characterized in that said stiffening and clamping elements (5) are steel profiles welded to said first edges (2b) of opposite ends of said sheet support (2).

9. Sheet according to claim 8, characterized in that said profiles comprise elements that can be hooked by a crane, such as holes (5a) or welded rings.

10. Sheet, according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fixing of said bricks (3) to the sheet support (2) is carried out by means of a cement-glue (9) or a similar adhesive.

11. Sheet, according to Claim 1, characterized in that said bricks (3) are solid bricks.

12. Sheet, according to Claim 1, characterized in that said bricks (3) are hollow bricks.

13. - Sheet, according to claim 1, characterized in that said bricks (3) are of the vault type.

14. Sheet, according to Claim 1, characterized in that said sheet support (2) is a plate having a plurality of oriented incisions and subsequently stretched until said incisions are open, as a stretched plate, arranged with said incisions in the direction parallel to those stiffening and clamping elements (5).

15. Sheet, according to Claim 1, characterized in that said sheet support (2) is a metal mesh of the electro-welded type.

16. Sheet, according to Claim 1, characterized in that said sheet support (2) is a braided metal mesh.

17. Sheet, according to claim 1, characterized in that said sheet support (2) is a sheet of plastic material provided with a plurality of openings, with a sufficiently low elongation module.

18. Sheet, according to Claim 1, characterized in that said first and second assembling baths (6, 7) are corrugated steel bars.

19. Vaulted roof constructed using at least one flexible brick sheet (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.

20.- Procedure for the construction of factory domed roofs with their intrados finish, of the type formed by a plurality of bricks (3) arranged in a grid forming a grid, leaving separation spaces (4) with each other for the bidirectional passage of reinforcement of stiffening and with said brick intrados finish seen, said procedure being characterized by not necessarily understanding in this order, the steps of:

(a) fixing said plurality of bricks (3), arranged in a table, forming a grid, leaving separation spaces (4) aligned, on a laminar support

(2) flexible provided with a plurality of holes (2a) that allow the passage of concrete or mortar through them;

(b) stiffening first edges (2b) of opposite ends of said laminar support (2) by fixing in them some stiffening and clamping elements (5);

(c) arranging a plurality of first assembly baths (6) along the separation spaces (4) aligned between bricks in the direction perpendicular to said stiffening and clamping elements (5), linking said first assembly baths ( 6) at least a series of points (2d) of said sheet support (2) and fixing its ends (6a) to said stiffening and fastening elements (5), thereby obtaining a flexible brick sheet (1) formed by said laminar support (2), said plurality of bricks (3) adhered thereto, said elements of stiffening and clamping (5) fixed on first edges (2b) of opposite ends of the laminar support (2), and said first assembly baths (6) arranged along said separation spaces (4) aligned between bricks, linked to the laminar support (2) and fixed at its ends (6a) to the stiffening and clamping elements (5), and; (d) suspending said flexible brick sheet (1) by said stiffening and clamping elements (5), with the plank face (la) at the bottom, allowing it to freely adopt, by its own weight, a configuration of cross-section in inverted arc of catenary guideline, working at pure traction; (e) fixing a preselected light and arrow for said inverted arc of catenary guideline linking together both stiffening and fastening elements (5) of the first edges (Ib) of opposite ends of said flexible brick sheet (1) by rigid cable ties (10) of a predetermined length; (f) invert the position of the flexible brick sheet (1) maintaining said bonding by means of the said rigid cable glands (10), allowing it to freely adopt, by its own weight, a vaulted cross-sectional configuration in arc of Catenary guideline, of light and arrow equal to those set in step (e), but working with pure compression, and placing the flexible brick sheet (1) thus arranged in its final location;

(g) coating the flexible brick sheet (1) at its top with concrete or mortar, ensuring that said concrete or mortar passes through said plurality of holes (2a) of the sheet support (2) and fills said separation spaces ( 4) aligned between bricks embedding said first assembly baths (6) and also forming a layer (11) of a predetermined thickness above said sheet support (2); Y

(h) remove, once the concrete has set, the aforementioned rigid bathing rods (10), thereby forming said domed roof of an armed factory, with a cross section in an arc of catenary guideline and with its finished intrados, of brick seen, without the need for further treatment.

21. Method according to Claim 20, characterized in that step (f) comprises placing two or more of said flexible sheets of bricks (1) in their final location, consecutively attached to the head to form a surface domed (40) longer.

22. Method according to Claim 21, characterized in that the steps of: f) and (g) include the step of:

(gi) arranging a plurality of second assembly baths (17) in said separation spaces (4) aligned between bricks in the direction parallel to said stiffening and clamping elements (5), crossing the first assembly bars (6) between these and the flexible sheet, extending each second assembly bath (17) along all the flexible brick sheets (1) attached to the head, so that said second assembly baths (17) establish a mechanical continuity along the entire domed surface (40), by virtue of which, once it is finished, it behaves like a beam with a large edge.

23. Method according to Claim 21, characterized in that between the steps (f) and (g) are included the steps of: (fj) also providing a plurality of second assembly baths (7) in said spaces of separation (4) aligned between bricks in the direction parallel to said stiffening and clamping elements (5), intersecting with the first assembly baths (6) between them and the flexible sheet, extending each second assembly bath (7) to along at least one flexible sheet of bricks (1) and with its ends (7a) protruding by some second corresponding edges (2c) of opposite ends perpendicular to said first edges (2b) of opposite ends, and (f ₂ ) linking said ends (7a) of the second assembly baths (7) protruding from a flexible brick sheet (1) to the corresponding second assembly baths (7) of its flexible brick sheet (1) adjoined to adjacent testa, so that a cont is established mechanical inuity of said second assembly baths (7) along the entire vaulted surface (40), by virtue of which, once it is finished, it behaves like a beam with a large edge.

24.- Procedure, according to Claim 21, characterized in that between the steps (c) and (d) the step of:

(ci) also providing a plurality of second assembly baths (7) in said separation spaces (4) aligned between bricks in the direction parallel to said stiffening and clamping elements (5), crossing the first assembling baths (6) between them and the flexible sheet, and with their ends (7a) protruding from corresponding second edges (2c) of opposite ends of the flexible brick sheet (1) perpendicular to said first edges (2b) of opposite ends, while between the steps (f) and (g) the step of:

(f) linking said protruding ends (7a) of the second assembly baths (7) of each flexible brick sheet (1) to the corresponding second assembly baths (7) of its flexible brick sheet (1) attached to the head adjacent, so that a mechanical continuity of said second reinforcement bars (7) is established along the entire vaulted surface (40), by virtue of which, once it is finished, it behaves like a large beam singing.

25. Method according to Claim 20, characterized in that it includes a sealing of said separation spaces (4) aligned between bricks before the passage (g).

26.- Procedure, according to Claim 25, characterized in that said sealing is achieved by flanges (3a) of the edges (3b) of the bricks (3), adjacent to its exposed table (3c), whose flanges (3a ) are likely to be very close, or in contact, with each other, defining between them and the laminar support (2) the aforementioned separation spaces (4) aligned between bricks.

27.- Method according to Claim 25, characterized in that said sealing comprises the application, at any time between the steps (c) and (g), of a flexible, substantially impermeable, flexible canvas (8), such as a sheet of plastic, removably fixed on the exposed plank face (the) of the sheet or flexible sheets of bricks (1).

28. Method according to any one of Claims 19 to 27, characterized in that steps (a) to (c) are carried out in an industrial prefabricated phase to produce said flexible brick sheet 1, while steps (d ) to (h) are performed on site.