WO2016133378A1

WO2016133378A1 - Method for the production of lightweight roofs and formwork, and frame

Info

Publication number: WO2016133378A1
Application number: PCT/MX2016/000009
Authority: WO
Inventors: José Gabriel ZAVALA CASARREAL
Original assignee: Zavala Casarreal José Gabriel
Priority date: 2015-02-09
Filing date: 2016-02-08
Publication date: 2016-08-25
Also published as: MX2015001800A

Abstract

The invention relates to a modular frame (6) comprising different elements and including a plurality of materials. The modular frame (6) can have any geometric configuration that allows the production of rigid surfaces (8) based on flexible membranes that adapt to the geometric conditions of the designed surface. The invention also relates to a method for the production of rigid surfaces (8) that can be used for the construction of reinforced concrete roofs, and to the design of low-thickness lightweight roofs that are wind and earthquake resistant. The invention further relates to small-scale roofs that can be used for architectural modelling. These lightweight roofs are produced in order to cover public or private spaces and they provide greater added value than conventional structures, both architecturally and financially.

Description

PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LIGHT AND COVERED COVERS; Y

FRAME

CAIVIPO BE THE INVENTION

This application is directly related to the Construction Industry in general. Specifically related to the technical field of the frames for the manufacture of formwork and light roofs based on hyperbolic paraboloid surfaces (ruled surface). It also has a wide relationship with fas covers made of fiberglass and polyester resin that cover large and diverse areas.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In the state of the art related to the Construction Industry and more specifically with the racks for the manufacture of formwork and lightweight covers of fiberglass and polyester resin, the following patent applications and granted patents were found, cited in order of importance and similarity:

«Mj / a / 2014/010399" CONSTRUCTION PROCESS OF ARMED CONCRETE COVERS "whose applicant is the same as that of the present invention, that is, Ing. José Gabriel Zavala Casarreal. Said application describes a process for the manufacture of warped reinforced concrete roofs, in this process a Lycra fabric is used to obtain the shape of the roof, after obtaining the desired shape a resin layer is applied to Lycra polyester used to harden the Lycra fabric and that it does not deform. Later it is reinforced with layers of fiberglass and polyester resin so that it has sufficient rigidity to support the weight of concrete that can be conventional, translucent or transparent resins. However, in said application the option of constructing light roofs from a modular frame that forms a plurality of architectural designs that allow covering areas such as; parks, pavilions, terraces, etc., with roofs made of fiberglass and polyester resin only, such as those found in the market but with a hyperbolic paraboloid surface that certainly does not exist in the state, nor of the technique, Or market. Mx / a / 2012/004149 "UNFORGETTABLE SECTIONS FOR PREFAB ICATION OF PARABOLIC BRIDGES OF ARMED CONCRETE" whose Applicant is Elias Pérez Tenorio, filed on March 22, 2012 and described as prefabricated with Hyperbolic Paraboloid forms that are resistant by way they allow a better transmission of the requested loads, this coupled with the manufacture of parts with similar characteristics makes the connections more rigid. Said application is obviously within the technical field of bridges and does not solve the problems that my invention solves, since said invention is limited to the manufacture of simple precast concrete and not to the shapes and configurations that the subject matter of my invention. if you can In addition to the fact that my invention is aimed at solving problems in the field of lightweight covers made of cloth or mesh of fiberglass and polyester resin, which allow to cover patios, garages, parks, pavilions, etc. x / a / 2011/005990 "FABRIC WRAPPING STRUCTURE AND FABRICATION METHOD OF A FABRIC WRAPPING STRUCTURE" whose Applicant is Ulo Systems L.LC, filed on June 6, 2011, which describes a series of steps to manufacture structural parts joining sheets of flexible fabric. The description that includes this application uses flexible sheets of cloth or "geotextiles" that by their simple name usually have a higher cost than my process uses. In addition to the technical field of this request is the construction of structural elements such as; Beams, Columns, Trabes, etc. Therefore, this request is different from my invention, since the use of "geotextiles" is actually to replace conventional wooden formwork for straight elements, but not with concrete roofs with warped surface, which my invention does make. In addition, the matter claimed in the present invention is about the manufacture of formwork for the construction of warped reinforced concrete roofs, as well as fiberglass and resin roofs, so it obviously does not conflict with the matter claimed in said application.

OBJETSVGS OF THE INVENTION AND! The objective of the present invention is to provide a frame for the manufacture of light roofs and formwork with Lycra teia, fiberglass cloth or mesh and with polyester resin, containing Hyperbolic Paraboloid surfaces.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a formwork that is used in the massive construction of warped concrete roofs that allows; Save time and reduce costs in the construction of reinforced concrete roofs with warped surfaces.

A further objective of the present invention is to provide a cover of Lycra fabric, fiberglass and polyester resin with Hyperbolic Paraboloid surface.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Figure 1.- Shows a plan view of a laugh profile! who have been made diagonal cuts at their ends.

Figure 2.- It shows a front view of a rail profile that has been made diagonal cuts at its ends and a "v" cuts at the edges of its ends.

Figure 3.- It shows a rear view of a rail profile where diagonal cuts have been made at its ends and "v" cuts at the edges of its ends.

Figure 4a.- Shows a sectional view of a laugh profile! solid, in which its geometric characteristics are appreciated. Figure 4b.- Shows a sectional view of a tubular rail profile, in which its geometry is appreciated.

Figure 5a.- Shows a perspective view of a rail profile in which you can see its cane !.

Figure 5b.- Shows a perspective view of a rail profile a! that some cuts have been made diagonally and in "v".

Figure 6.- Shows a perspective view of a square base that is formed from rail profiles.

Figure 7a, - Shows a plan view of a square configuration base. Figure 7b, - Shows a plan view of a parallelogram configuration base.

Figure 7- Shows a plan view of a trapezoidal configuration base.

Figure 7d, ~ Shows ursa plan view of an irregular configuration base.

Figure 8.- Shows a front view of a square configuration base of "L" allies. Figure 9.- It shows a section where you can see the union of two sides of a base with the help of welding.

Figure 10.- Shows a perspective view of the fixing of a post on a base.

Figure 11.- It shows a perspective view in which the assembly of side bars on a base and a post is appreciated, forming right triangles. Figure 12a, - Shows a perspective view in which the attachment of fixing tabs along the outer face of side bars is seen.

Figure 12b, - Shows a sectional view showing the connection between fixing tabs and side bars.

Figure 13.- Shows a plan view of a square base frame in which some elements that compose it are appreciated.

Figure 14, - Shows a front view of a frame in which you can see some elements that compose it.

Figure 15.- Shows a rear view of a frame in which some elements that compose it can be seen. Figure 16, - Shows a right profile view of a frame in which some elements that So compose are appreciated.,

Figure 17, - Shows a left profile view of a frame in which some elements that compose it are appreciated.

Figure 18.- Shows another perspective view of a finished modular frame. Figure 19a.- Shows a perspective view of a solid connection bar. Figure 19b.- Shows a perspective view of a tubular connection bar. Figure 20.- Shows a view in pianta of a connection bar.

Figure 21a.- Shows a sectional view of a solid connection bar.

Figure 21b.- Shows a sectional view of a tubular connection bar.

Figure 21- Shows a perspective view of two profiles laughing! arranged face to face, in which the geometry of a connecting rod is inferred.

Figure 22. · Shows a front view of a connection bar.

Figure 23.- Shows a perspective view of a coupling of two modular frames.

Figure 24.- Shows a perspective view of a coupling of two modular racks in which the entrance of a connecting bar is appreciated.

Figure 25.- It shows an approach of the previous figure, in which the entrance of a connection bar to fix two modular frames is appreciated.

Figure 26.- Shows a plan view of a coupling of two modular frames in which the entrance of a connecting bar can be seen, Figure 27.- Shows a perspective view of a coupling of two modular frames fixed by a bar of connection.

Figure 28.- Shows a perspective view of a collection of four modular frames fixed by connecting bars.

Figure 29.- Shows a plan view of a coupling of four modular frames fixed by connecting bars.

Figure 30.- Shows a plan view of a coupling of eight modular base frames in parallelogram, fixed by connecting bars.

Figure 31. - Shows a plan view of a coupling of six diamond-shaped modular base frames, fixed by connecting rods. Figure 32.- Shows a piarsta view of a coupling of three modular diamond-shaped base frames, fixed by connecting bars. Figure 33.- Shows a plan view of a collection of six modular base frames in parallelogram, fixed by connecting bars.

Figure 34.- Shows a perspective view of a rigid surface derived from a collection of four square-based modular frames, Figure 35.- Shows a section in which the application of release wax to the surface of the modular frame is appreciated.

Figure 3S, - Shows a section showing the fastening of the Lycra fabric to Sas fixing tabs by known fixing means,

Figure 37.- Shows a perspective view of the fixing of the Lycra fabric on the coupling of Sos modular racks through the fixing tabs.

Figure 38.- Shows a plan view in which the application of polyester resin on the surface of the Lycra fabric to stiffen it is appreciated.

Figure 39.- It shows a plan view in which the application of layers of polyester resin on the surface of the Lycra fabric and fiberglass fabric or mesh to stiffen the Lycra is appreciated.

Figure 40.- Shows a section of the layers that make up the rigid surface.

Figure 41.- Shows a cut of the layers that make up the rigid surface in different order and number.

Figure 42.- Shows a cut of the layers that make up the rigid surface in different order.

Figure 43.- Shows a perspective view in which the separation of the rigid surface of the modular frame collection is appreciated.

Figure 44.- Shows a perspective view of a rigid surface derived from a coupling of two modular frames. Figure 45.- Shows a perspective view of a rigid surface derived from a single modular frame.

Figure 46.- Shows a perspective view of a rigid surface derived from a coupling of eight modular frames. Figure 47, - Shows a perspective view of a rigid surface derived from a collection of six modular frames.

Figure 48.- Shows a perspective view of a rigid surface derived from a coupling of three modular frames.

Figure 49.- Shows a perspective view of a rigid surface derived from a coupling of six modular frames arranged in zig zag.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In a very general manner, the present invention consists of a manufacturing process of modular frames, as well as its use for the manufacture of rigid surfaces, which include at least the following steps:

* Build a modular frame by building a base from rail profiles. The base configuration includes any quadrilateral. The union between elements of the base is made with the aid of known means of joining.

* Join a pole perpendicularly to the base with the help of known means of attachment.

® Fit side bars that form right triangles with the sides of a base and with a pole.

® Join side bars, fixing tabs with the help of known joining means.

® Engage any geometry from one or more modular racks, fixing them with the help of connecting rods.

* Assemble a flexible fabric that acquires the surface shape of a rigid design surface.

»Equalize or harden the Lycra fabric with the help of a polyester resin and a fiberglass cloth or mesh in alternating and successive layers. • Remove the rigid surface of the modular rack assembly. Use the rigid surface to manufacture formwork or light covers.

* Give Sos final and aesthetic finishes,

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The frame for the manufacture of light roofs and formwork that allow the construction of warped reinforced concrete roofs, as well as the roof made of a Lycra fabric, fiberglass and polyester resin, are disclosed in the present description. All the previous ones whose characteristics and problems that they solve are clearly shown in the following section and are detailed in detail with the help of the illustrative figures attached.

The main characteristics of the material, object of the invention, claimed in the present application are: a) A modular frame that allows to obtain a plurality of architectural designs b) Resistance of the light roof and formwork to stresses and compression. c) Great handling of the final form of the light cover and formwork, according to design. d) Reduction of the construction time of a light roof. e) Reduction of labor. f) Indeformable formwork. g) Material reduction! Used in the form of a warped reinforced concrete deck. h) A light cover that is widely aesthetic and functional. i) The final construction takes the form of the formwork. j) Industrially applicable in housing complexes and urban developments. Useful in the entire range of configurations and architectural designs.

Long life of the light cover. m Cover that allows the refraction of solar light. n) Weatherproof cover. o) Easy installation cover. p) Easy assembly formwork. q) Light and resistant formwork, r) Low construction cost.

The technical problems that are in the state of the art is that there is no frame that allows the manufacture of an infinite number of architectural designs of light roofs. In addition there is no prior art or in the market, formwork with Hyperbolic Paraboloid surface that allow the construction of concrete roofs, and some of the existing processes carry many risks during the construction of the same, as they do not use formwork rigid in these processes, which translates into a high risk that the final cover does not work by form, that is, there are bending efforts and elio puts the structure at risk. Another problem that exists is the high cost involved in the construction of a reinforced concrete roof using some of these construction processes, since some of them use a formwork whose assembly is complicated, expensive, not rigid and unsafe, which is It translates into a lot of construction time and a great cost of the work.

Another problem detected in the state of the art is that there are no warped roofs covering public or private spaces, nor are there light, rigid, aesthetic and extremely safe. In addition to the above, in the market there are covers made of fiberglass. However, those decks are limited to simple and flat surfaces, but not to warped decks with double reverse curvature. The solutions provided by the present invention are:

• Reduction of the construction time of a concrete roof.

* Considerable reduction in construction costs. • Great manageability of the shape of the surface of the light roof, ® Conception of roofs with a high degree of architectural difficulty.

• Great structural security.

• Light, economical and durable covers. * Conception of decks with large dimensions.

Next, the best way of carrying out the invention is described, by means of the figures, in order to be able to show more clearly the inventive matter of the present application. For purposes of clarity, the following description will be divided into a main concept (frame) and a concept of use; manufacture of warped surfaces {double inverse curvature) rigid, denoted as follows:

• Main concept: Describes the manufacturing process of a modular frame based on various elements in multiple materials. As well as the infinite possibilities of configurations through it,

® Concept of use: Describes the way to use the frame for the manufacturing of double reverse curvature warped surfaces, that is, in hyperbolic paraboloid surface,

The examples shown to illustrate the aforementioned concepts, objects of the present invention, do not limit the countless architectural configurations and designs that may derive from the present invention, so those shown are only some of a plurality of designs.

MAIN CONCEPT.

The main concept, as mentioned above, describes the manufacturing process of a modular frame (6) like that of Figure 1E, based on various elements in multiple materials.

The modular frame (6) shown in Figure 18, is the product of one of many configurations that is supported by a plurality of elements, including; rail profiles (1), a base (2), a post (3), side bars (4), tabs fixing (5), etc. All these elements comprise various materials, including; plastic, steel, aluminum, wood, resins, polymers, etc.

To begin with the conformation of the modular frame (6), it is first necessary to build a base {2} as shown in Figure 6. The geometry, seen in plan, of the base (2) comprises any quadrilateral, that is , any geometric figure of four Fates, among which are included; the four equal sides [square] figure 7a, two pairs of equal sides [parallelogram] figure 7b, at least one pair of parallel sides [trapezoid and trapezoid] figure 7c, all sides different from each other [irregular] figure 7d, etc. . Figure 7a shows that Sa base (2) has a square configuration of sides (L) forming internal right angles (a) at its corners. On the other hand, Figure 7b shows a configuration of the base (2) in paraielogram with two pairs of opposite sides (L and M), forming internal angles (a and β) at its corners. Meanwhile, Figure 7c shows a configuration in the base (2) of the trapezoidal type, that is, two equal sides () and two other parallel sides (L and U), causing the appearance of different internal angles (a and β) . Finally, figure 7d, allows us to observe an irregular base configuration (2), no equal side, all different (L, M, N and Q), this causes the formation of different angles from each other (, β, δ and φ ). It is possible to include the semi irregular shape, which comprises diamond-shaped geometries, that is, non-parallel equal sides, as well as any other semi irregular shape.

In any of the previous configurations given to the base (2), none of its sides may be less than five centimeters. That is, any side of the base (2) comprises a length between five centimeters and fifty meters.

To build the base (2) it is necessary to make use of rail profiles (1) like the one shown in Figure 5a. Rail profiles (1) are structural elements that comprise a peculiar, grooved and functional geometry. Figure 4a shows a sectional view of the rail profile (1). In this, a grooved geometry can be seen that is determined by an orthogonal section of sides (a) and (b), which inside includes a channel of trapezoidal section of greater base (the) vertical. The trapezoidal section of the channel comprises a major base (el), a minor base (c2) and a horizontal height (d). In addition, the magnitude of the dimensions (el), (c2), (d), (a) and (b) of the profile Rail (1) comprises any value between five thousand meters and five meters. The magnitude of the previous dimensions is a function of the needs of the manufacturer, so a plurality of combinations are included in the values that must be given to each parameter. The rail profile (1) comprises a solid element, figure 4a, or a tubular element, figure 4b. Likewise, the riei profile (1) comprises a plurality of materials, including; plastic, steel, aluminum, wood, resins, polymers, etc.

As stated above, the base (2) comprises four sides that are formed by four pieces of rail profile (1), figure S. That is, a piece of rail profile (1) represents one side of the base (2), and its length is a function of the design. In order to couple the ri profiles (1) and form the base (2), it is necessary to make diagonal cuts (CD) at an inclination (TT) at the ends of each rail profile (1) that represents each side of the track base (2), figure 1. In figure i, you can see a plan view of a rail profile (1) to which the diagonal cuts (CD) have been made at an angle (TJ) at its two ends . The angle (H) is a function of the base configuration (2),

In addition, it is necessary to make "v" (CV) cuts in the edges that derive from the diagonal cuts (CD), figures 2 and 3. In Figure 2, it is possible to see a front view of a rail profile (1 ) to which the diagonal cuts (CD) have been made at their ends and the "v" (CV) cuts on the edges of their ends. Figure 3, for its part, shows a rear view of the rail profile {1} with its V-cuts (CV) at the edges of its ends. It should be mentioned that the "v" (CV) cuts comprise the same geometry of the rail profile channels (1), that is, the "v" (CV) cuts comprise a trapezoidal section of major base (el), base smaller (c2) and height (d), this in order not to interrupt the section of the rail profile (1) when the sides of the base (2) are coupled, figure 6. Diagonal cuts (CD) and cuts in "v" (CV) they are made with the aid of known cutting means, including; blowtorch, emery, jig, milling machine, laser, etc.

Once the previous cuts have been made, a rail profile (1) is obtained with their respective cuts (CD) and (CV) as illustrated in Figure 5b. As previously stated, four pieces of rail profile (1) are needed as that of Figure 5b, to form the base (2), once they are ready with their proper cuts (CD) and (CV), they are arranged so that a quadrilateral is obtained to form the base (2), figure 6, For this, it is necessary to join the ends of each piece of rail profile (1) so that The diagonal cuts (CD) are coupled with each other and allow the geometry of the base (2) to be shaped, figures 6 and 9. In this case and for practical purposes a square configuration is used for the base (2), although As mentioned, the option of forming the base (2) under any four-sided geometry is included.

The union between each bundle that forms the base (2) is made with the aid of known means of joining, including ios; welding, pins, bolts, nuts, resins, ties, screws, etc. In Figure 9 it can be seen that, at the junction between the sides, rail profile pieces (1), in this example it is done with the help of welding.

Once the base (2) has been shaped, a post (3) of length (H) must be placed perpendicularly on one of its corners, forming right angles between the sides of the base ( 2) which form the corner where the post (3) and the post (3) are placed, figure 10. The post (3) is an element that comprises the same material as the rail profile (1) that forms the base ( 2), in this case, steel. Although like e! rail profile {!}, and the post (3) comprises a plurality of materials, including; plastic, steel, aluminum, wood, resins, polymers, etc. In the same way as Sa union between Sos ados of the base (2) in this example, the union between the post (3) and Sa corner of the base (2) is made with the help of known means of union, between Sos which are included; welding, pins, bolts, nuts, resins, ties, screws, etc., in this case welding.

The cross section! of the post (3) comprises a square, rectangular, circular section, profiles in "L", in "V, in" Ϊ ", in" H ", etc. In addition, said section of the post (3) should not exceed the dimension of the section of the corner of the base (2) in which it was placed, figure 10. If for example, the cross section of the post (3) was square, the magnitude of its Sado should not exceed that of the short side (a) of the rail profile (1) The length (H) of the post (3) varies with respect to the needs of the manufacturer and comprises any length between one centimeter and fifty meters, while any magnitude of its cross section! comprises any value between five millimeters and five meters. When the post (3) has been mounted on the base (2) and has been connected with known joining means, iateral bars (4) must be mounted. The iateraies bars (4) are structural elements comprising various materials, including ios; plastic, steel, aluminum, resin, wood, polymers, etc. The side bars (4) comprise cross sections in "L" or "T". In this case, an "L" section is used, figure 12b.

The side bars (4) are arranged in such a way that two right triangles are generated that share the post (3), figure 11, and comprise that one of its faces, skate, is a piano inclined with respect to the base (2). The first right triangle comprises fixing one end of a side bar (4) of length (Tx) to the upper free end of the post (3), while the other end of the side bar (4) of length (Tx) is fixed to a corner of the base (2) that shares side with the corner where the pole (3) has been placed, figure 14. In this way, the base (2) and the side bar (4) form an angle (Θ), figures 14 and 15. The length (Tx} of the sidebar (4) is a function of the length (H) of the post (3) and the length of the side of the base (2), as well as of the geometric configuration that has the base (2).

The second right triangle comprises attaching one end of a sidebar (4) of length (Ty) to the upper end free of! post (3), while the other end of the sidebar (4) of length (Ty) is fixed to another corner of the base (2) that also shares side with the corner where the post (3) has been placed, Figure 16. In this way, the side of the base (2) and the sidebar (4) form an angle (Φ), figures 16 and 17. The length (Ty) of the sidebar (4) is a function of the length (H) of the post (3) and the length of the base (2), as well as the geometric configuration of the base (2). The side bars (4) comprise cutting at their ends depending on the geometry that the base (2) and the post (3} require, as well as the coupling between side bars (4).

For clarity purposes, a sidebar (4) represents the hypotenuse of a right triangle. While the post (3) and one side of the base (2), to the legs of the right triangle. Although in this example, since it is a square base {2}, the length (Tx) is the same as the length (Ty), it should be understood that the lengths (Tx) and (Ty) will be different if the configuration of the base { 2} is not square, as are the sides of the base (2).

The connection between the post (3) and the side bars (4), as well as the connection between the side bars (4) and the sides (L) of the base (2), is made with the aid of known joining means, among those that are included; welding, pins, bolts, nuts, resins, ties, screws, etc., in this example welding is assumed.

Once the side bars (4) have been attached to the base (2) and to the post (3), fixing tabs (5) must be placed along the outer face of the soul of the side bars (4) ), figure 12a.

Figure 12b shows the connection between a fixing flange (5) and a side bar (4). The fixing tabs (5) comprise various materials, including; plastic, steel, aluminum, resin, wood, polymers, etc. The connection between a fixing flange (5) and a sidebar (4) comprises being made in the middle of the core of the sidebar (4) with the aid of known joining means, such as; welding, pins, bolts, nuts, resins, ties, screws, etc.

Figure 18 shows the modular frame (6) finished, on a configuration, of its base (2), square. Although as stated above, the base (2) can vary its configuration and obtain a different quadrilateral, figures 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d. In this way the modular frame {6} also changes its configuration to change the configuration of its base (2).

Thus, a modular frame (6) as in Figure 18 comprises, a base (2), a post (3), side bars (4), fixing tabs (5), etc.

Any connection between the elements that make up the modular frame (6): rail profiles (1), base (2), post (3), side bars (4) and fixing tabs (5), is made with the help of means known known, including; welding, pins, bolts, nuts, resins, ties, screws, etc.

Figure 13 shows a view in pianta of the modular frame (6), as can be seen said view is square due to the configuration of its base (2). It should be understood that the plan view of the modular frame (6) should correspond to the configuration of its base (2). While Figure 14 shows a front view of the modular frame {6) with some of the elements that compose it. In addition, Figure 1S shows a rear view of the modular frame (6),

Finally, Figures 16 and 17 show the right and left side views of the modular frame (6), respectively.

The modular frame (6), when disposed with other equals and in varying the configuration of its base (2), comprises conceiving multiple configurations, arrangements or structural couplings.

Figure 23 shows two modular frames (6) that are arranged laterally, in such a way that they form a different structure from that of a single modular frame (6). To ensure this arrangement, it is necessary to fix the modular racks (6), of ta! so that they cannot move and undo the accommodation.

For this, it is necessary to use a connecting rod (7), figure 24.

The connecting rods (7) are elements that comprise fixing two or more modular racks (6), through the channels that have the laugh profiles! (1) that make up the base (?.}. The function of the connecting rods (7) comprises joining two or more modular frames (6) by entering them through the "v" (CV) sections of the rail profiles (1) that make up the base (2) and run along Sos channels of these rail profiles (1), figure 25. The connection bars (7} comprise solid elements, figures 19a and 21a, or tubular elements, Figures 19b and 21b Likewise, the connecting rods (7) comprise a plurality of materials, among which are included: plastic, steel, aluminum, wood, resins, polymers, etc.

The connecting rods (7) comprise a peculiar geometry that adapts to the geometric conditions of the channels of two rail profiles {1} facing each other. In Figure 21a it can be seen that the geometry of the connecting rod (7) comprises a "bow" shape. This geometry is made up of two trapezoids that share a smaller vertical base (c2), which have the same horizontal height (d) and the same vertical (greater) base. Another way of understanding the geometry of the connecting rod (7) is simply by facing two rail profiles (1) face-to-face and splicing their channels, figure 21c, De In this way, the geometry of the connecting rod {7} serves to join two bases (2) by means of the channel! It is of its rail profiles (1). The length (K) of the connecting rods (7) comprises any length between five centimeters and fifty meters. Although normally said length (K) should be equal to or greater than the shorter side (L, M, or Q) of the base (2), figure 7d, according to the design and configuration desired with the coupling of the modular racks (6). Any measurement of the connecting rods (7): (el), (c2) and (d) comprises any value between five millimeters and five meters.

In figures 24 „25 and 26, it can be seen! entry of a connecting bar {7) through the "v" (CV) cuts and running along the channels of the rail profiles (1) of two bases (2), until the coupling of the modular racks is achieved (6) through its bases (2), figure 27,

In particular, Figure 26 shows a plan view of the entrance of a connecting bar {7} for the coupling of two modular racks (6). In this way and by means of the connecting rods (7) and the channels of the rail profiles (1), it is possible to obtain any configuration with the arrangement of the modular racks (6). In figure 28, the coupling of four modular racks can be seen

(6) square base (2), fixed by connecting bars (7) and arranged so that their posts (3) are in the corners of the structure obtained. Although the arrangement of each modular frame {6} depends on! Manufacturer or producer design.

Figure 29 shows a view of the coupling of four modular frames (6) of square base (2), in which the entry of connecting rods can be seen

(7) to fix the structure obtained with the four modular frames (6).

As can be understood, a! vary the configuration of the base (2) of! Modular frame (6), figures 7a, 7b »7c and 7d, it is possible to obtain a plurality of configurations. If, for example, a modular frame (6) is manufactured from a base (2) in parallelogram, figure 7b, a plurality of configurations such as those shown in figures 30 and 33 can be obtained, in figure 3Θ it is It is possible to see a plan view of the coupling, in the form of a star, of eight modular frames (6) of base (2) in parallelogram, in Sa, which also shows the entry of the connecting rods (7). While in figure 33 a plan view of the collection can be seen, in Zigzag shape, with six modular racks (6) with a base (2) erí paraíelogram that can be continued in any desired direction, on the sides or up and down.

If a semi-irregular, diamond-shaped base configuration (2) is now made of! Modular frame (6) it is possible to conceive configurations as shown in Figures 31 and 32.

In Figure 31, it is possible to observe a plan view of the arrangement, in the form of a star, of six modular frames (6) of diamond-shaped base (2), in which its coupling can clearly be seen by connecting bars (7).

Figure 32 shows a plan view of the triangular shape arrangement of three modular frames (6) of diamond-shaped base (2), in which it is also possible to see the union between modular frames (6) through connection bars (7).

As can be seen, the modular frame (6) comprises forming a plurality of arrangements or arrangements that result in more complex geometries and that can be repeated infinitely. So the examples shown are just some of an infinite number of possible configurations that are achieved with the collection of one or more modular racks (6) as Sos is now described. It also includes any configuration that derives from the collection of one or more modular racks (6) in any configuration of its base (2) and that includes any material for its manufacture.

CONCEPT OF USE.

So far, the way in which to manufacture a modular frame (5) has been described, as well as the possibilities of modifying its configuration by means of its base geometry {2}. In addition, it has been shown how to form a plurality of configurations through several modular racks (6) that together, allow the conception of complex and attractive geometries.

The purpose of this "CONCEPT OF USE" is to show the use of the modular frame (6) for the manufacture of surfaces with double inverse curvature. For practical purposes of this application, it should be understood as a surface of reverse curvature dobie one that comprises one or multiple hyperbolic paraboloid-shaped surfaces, as well as surfaces formed by a plurality of hyperbolic paraboloid mantles. To adapt to said surfaces it is necessary to arrange some flexible fabric (9) that adapts to fas surfaces of hyperbolic paraboloid, including; polyester, cotton, nylon, Lycra, etc. Hereinafter, Lycra fabric will be used as an example.

To make a rigid surface (8) like the one shown in Figure 34, it is necessary to arrange a flexible fabric (9) on one or more modular frames (6) that acquires the surface shape of the rigid surface (8) . In this example, the coupling of four modular frames (6), figures 28 and 29, is taken for the manufacture of a rigid surface {8} like that of Figure 34.

Before placing the flexible fabric (9) on the modular frames (6), each modular frame (6) should be covered with release mold (10), figure 3S, with the help of known means of application, including ; brush, spatula, latex gloves, hand, etc. This, to prevent the Lycra fabric {9} from sticking, in the future, to the modular frame (6). It is important to note that the release wax (10) should be applied to the modular frame (6) totally or partially.

Once the modular frames {6} have been covered with the release wax (10), the flexible fabric (9) is mounted on the modular frames (6) so that the design of the rigid surface is obtained ( 8). For this, a continuous flexible fabric (9) should be used to obtain a wrinkle-free surface. In Figure 37, the assembly of the flexible fabric (9) on the modular frames (6) comprising fixing the flexible fabric (9) along the fixing tabs (5) of each modular frame (6) can be seen ) that conforms the coupling, this, with the aid of known fixing means, including; clothespins, tacks, screws, nuts, pins, hangers, plates, tongs, ties, etc., as shown in figure 36. Each of the points to be fixed comprises stretching the flexible fabric (9} to the maximum , this, in order to obtain a uniform wrinkle-free surface, but supervising that the flexible fabric (9) does not tear or break.The flexible fabric fixing (9) comprises being done in each and every one of the fixing tabs (5 ) that conform the perimeter of the coupling of the modular frames (6), always stretching the flexible fabric (9) to the maximum to obtain the surface shape of the rigid surface (8). mention that the flexible fabric (9) comprises continuity, that is, it should be a single piece of theory that covers the area of ether by the modular racks (6), in order to obtain a regular surface, but also It includes joining or sewing pieces of flexible fabric (9) to cover large spaces, thanks to its elasticity. Once the flexible fabric (9) has been co-coated and the rigid surface design form (8) has been obtained, the flexible fabric (9) is stiffened and / or hardened, The flexible fabric (9) is stiffens or stiffens with the help of polyester resin (11) and fiberglass cloth or mesh (12) in alternating and successive layers.

First, the polyester resin (11) must be prepared with the help of a catalyst [provided by the manufacturer], this to regulate the speed of setting of the polyester resin (11). Having done the above, at least a first abundant layer of polyester resin (11) is applied on the surface of the flexible fabric (9), figure 38, this with the help of a brush or spatula. Figure 38 shows a plan view of the coupling of four modular frames (6) on which a flexible fabric (9) is arranged and to which an abundant layer of polyester resin (11) is applied.

Subsequently, pieces of fiberglass cloth or mesh (12) [previously cut into pieces] are placed on the polyester resin layer (11) that has been applied to the surface of the flexible fabric (9). Once the entire surface of the flexible fabric (9) has been covered with the pieces of cloth or fiberglass mesh (12), a second layer of polyester resin (11) is applied on the layer formed by the pieces of fiberglass cloth or mesh (12), figure 39, and so on until it comprises at least three layers of polyester resin (11) and at least two layers of fiberglass cloth or mesh (12), if possible, in turn Figure 39 shows the application of polyester resin layers (11) and fiberglass cloth (12) that stiffen the flexible fabric (9) and form the rigid surface (8).

It is important to note that it is advisable to start with the application of an abundant layer of polyester resin (11) on the flexible fabric (9) and then alternate layers of theia or fiberglass mesh (12) and polyester resin (11) until finishing with the application of a polyester resin layer (11), as shown in Figure 40. These layers help the flexible fabric (9) to acquire a considerable stiffness or hardness and conform to the rigid surface (8). It should be ensured that the last layer of polyester resin (11) totally moistens the last layer of fiberglass cloth or mesh (12), to ensure continuity in stiffness of the rigid surface (8), figure 40. The curing time of the polyester resin (11) is a function of the amount of catalyst recommended by the manufacturer. It also includes the option of varying the order of application of the polyester resin layers (11) and of the fiberglass cloth or mesh (12), for example, two layers of polyester resin (11) by one layer of fiberglass fabric or mesh (12), figure 41. Another example that is included comprises starting with the application of a layer of teia or fiberglass mesh (12) on the flexible fabric (9) and then a layer of polyester resin (11), and so on, figure 42. Finally, in this aspect you can play with the order of application and the number of layers, although respecting the limits and recommendations previously mentioned.

The polyester resin layers (11) have the function of hardening the flexible fabric (9) and the fiberglass fabric or mesh (12). While the layers of fiberglass cloth or mesh (12) have the function of increasing the thickness and strength of Sa rigid surface (8). The number of layers of polyester resin (11) comprises at least three, that is, that there must be at least three layers of polyester resin (11), While the number of layers of fiberglass fabric or mesh (12) comprises At least two, that is, there must be at least two layers of fiberglass cloth (12), figure 40. The limits described are for structural safety purposes only, since each person can apply the number of layers of polyester resin (11) and fiberglass fabric or mesh (12) that you want, provided that the minimum recommended is respected.

Once they have dried completely, at least the minimum layers of polyester resin (11) and fiberglass cloth or mesh (12), the rigid surface (8) derived from a coupling of four is removed modular racks (6), figure 43. For this, it is only necessary to remove the fixing elements between the flexible fabric (9) and the fixing tabs (5), since, as previously indicated, the release wax (10) prevents adhesion between the layers of polyester resin (11) and the modular frame (s) (6), so it is easy to disassemble the rigid surface (8) of the coupling of modular frames (6), figure 43. Subsequently, the leftovers of flexible fabric (9) of the periphery of the rigid surface (8). The rigid surface (8) comprises a layer of flexible fabric (9), at least three layers of polyester resin (11) and at least two layers of fabric or fiberglass mesh (12), fsgura 40. Although as mentioned above, the option of varying the order of the layers, figures 41 and 42, is also included.

As can be seen in Figure 43, a rigid surface {8} is obtained, like that of Figure 34, this due to the use of a four-frame modular rack (6), although this is only one of a plurality of examples .

If instead of considering a coupling of four modular frames (6), a coupling of only two modular frames (6) is used as in Figure 23, a rigid surface (8) would be obtained as shown in the figure 44.

If a single modular frame (6) like that of figure 18 is simply used, a rigid surface (8) like the one shown in figure 45 can be obtained.

However, if a coupling of eight modular frames (6) is considered as the one shown in Figure 30, it is possible to obtain a rigid surface (8) like the one shown in Figure 48. Even if a It is possible to conceive a rigid surface (8) like the one illustrated in Figure 47, in order to assemble six modular frames (6) like the one shown in Figure 31.

Moreover, if an arrangement of three modular racks (6) is used in an iriregular shape, figure 32, rigid surfaces (8) like the one shown in figure 48 could be obtained. In addition, when using modular rack couplings (5 ) As shown in Figure 33, highly aesthetic rigid surfaces (8) would be obtained as shown in Figure 49.

As stated earlier, the base (2) of a modular frame (6) comprises modifying its geometry and varying its internal angles, figures 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d, so that by varying the geometry of the base (2), the entire structure of the modular frame (6) could be modified. According to the above, any configuration of the modular frame (6) that results in any of the elements that compose it is included; rail profiles (1), base (2), post (3), side bars (4), fixing tabs (5), connecting bars (7), etc. It also includes the subtraction of any of its elements from which could dispense, but that even when they are subtracted allow the good functioning of the modular frame (6).

It is worth mentioning that any compilation of modular frames (6) is possible, since the base (2) of the modular frame (6) comprises rail profiles (1) in any of its directions (L, M, N or Q), so which can be coupled with other modular racks (6) by means of the necessary connecting rods (7) The above includes any coupling that derives from the mixture of modular racks (6) with different geometries in their bases (2), among which they are included: irregular, square, parallelogram, diamond, trapezoid, trapezoid, rectangular, etc. The manufacture of any rigid surface {8} comprises any collection of one or more modular racks (6). the rigid surfaces (8) shown so far, as well as the modular frame couplings (6) shown, are only examples, since obvious arrangements can be conceived from the arrangement of one or more modular racks (6) such as io s so far described.

Any configuration, arrangement or coupling that uses all or part of the inventive material of this application must be considered as part of it, so that! protection spectrum should be extended.

The mdu¡ $ tñ @ i application of the present invention is directly related to the use of rigid surfaces (8) derived from modular frame couplings (6) for the mass production of formwork that allow the construction of reinforced concrete roofs in urban developments and / or housing complexes. As well as with the use of rigid surfaces (8) for the manufacture of light roofs, for residences and public spaces such as; gardens, parks, terraces, roofs, pavilions, etc. The manufacturing processes that have been described have no limitations in terms of the architectural and structural configuration of the rigid surfaces (8), since obviously, it is possible to play with the variations in the geometry of the base (2), with the provision of modular racks (6), with their size, with the variation in heights, with the distribution of! space, etc. So the examples presented in the description do not limit e! scope of the present invention, being able to obtain a plurality of modular frame couplings {6}, rigid surfaces (8), etc., which allow the construction of light roofs, formwork, etc., and these, in turn, cover ample spaces.

The inventive material described has an industrial application in a wide range of configurations that allow to obtain countless architectural designs of formwork for the construction of warped reinforced concrete roofs, as well as with the manufacture of light roofs.

The invention has been described sufficiently that a technician with average knowledge in the field can reproduce and obtain the results mentioned in the present description. However, any skilled person in the field of the art in which the present invention is competent may be able to make modifications; in the number of layers of resin and / or fiberglass, composition of the Lycra fabric, alteration to the order of the stages, use of various materials, reverse engineering, modification of the base, modification of the modular frame, modification of the rail profile , arrangement of modular racks, etc. Said modifications are evidently part of the object of the present invention, but if some skilled person tries to protect or apply any of them to the described process and if part of the matter drafted in the present description and the following list of claims is required or taken, said Modifications should be understood within the scope and protection of the present invention.

Claims

5 REIN VINDICATION EN Having described enough merit of the invention, this is considered a novelty, so it is claimed as the property contained in e! following statement of claims.

1.- Manufacturing process of modular frames (6) characterized in that it comprises the following stages; a) Construct a four-sided base (2), using riei profiles {1} that comprise a grooved geometry determined by an orthogonal section of sides (a) and ib) and includes a trapezoidal section channel and that are coupled through of some cuts (CD) and are joined with the aid of known joining means, b) Place on one of the corners of the base (2), a post (3) of length (H) perpendicularly, joining it to base (2) with the aid of known means of attachment,

Fit some side bars (4), arranging them so that two right triangles are formed that share the post (3), fixing some of their ends to the upper free end of the post (3) and the others to some corners of the base (2 ) that share side with the corner where the post (3) has been placed, joining them with the help of known means of attachment, d} Place some fixing tabs (5) along the outer face of the soul of the side bars ( 4).

2. · Manufacturing process of modular racks (6), according to claim

1, characterized in that the geometry, plan view, of the base (2) comprises any quadrilateral.

3. - Manufacturing process of modular racks (6), according to claim

2, characterized in that either side of the base (2) comprises a length between five centimeters and fifty meters.

4. - Manufacturing process of modular racks (6), according to claim

3, characterized in that the base (2) comprises four sides that are formed by four pieces of rail profile (1).

5. - Manufacturing process of modular frames (6), according to claim 4, characterized in that the trapezoidal section of the channel of the rail profiles (1), comprises a larger base fcl}, a smaller base (c2) and a aitura (d) horizontal.

6. - Manufacturing process of modular frames (6), according to claim 5, characterized in that the dimensions (el), (c2), (d), (a) and (b) of the rail profile (1) comprise any value between five millimeters and five meters,

7. - Manufacturing process of modular frames (6), according to claim

6, characterized in that the rail profile (1) comprises a solid element or a tubular element.

8.- Manufacturing process of modular racks (6), according to claim

7, characterized in that the rail profiles (1), the base (2), the post (3), the side bars (4) and the fixing tabs (5) comprise plastic, steel, aluminum, wood, resins or polymers

9. - Manufacturing process of modular frames (6), according to claim 8, characterized in that the coupling of the rail profiles (1) that make up the base (2), comprises diagonal cuts (CD) a an inclination (Π) and ⁿ os ends of each rail section (1).

10. - Manufacturing process of modular racks (6), according to claim

9, characterized in that the rail profiles (1) comprise "v" (CV) cuts in the edges that derive from the diagonal cuts (CD),

11. - Manufacturing process of modular racks (6), according to claim

10, characterized in that the "v" cuts (CVj comprise the same geometry of the rail profile channels (1).

12. - Manufacturing process of modular frames (6), according to claim 11, characterized in that the "v" (CV) cuts comprise a trapezoidal section of major base (el), minor base (c2) and height (d).

13. - Manufacturing process of modular frames (6), according to claim 12, characterized in that the cutting means of the diagonal cuts (CD) and the "v" cuts (CV) comprise torch, emery , jigsaw, milling machine or laser.

14.- Manufacturing process of modular frames (6), according to claim

13, characterized in that the conformation of the base (2) comprises joining the ends of each piece of rail profile (1) so that the diagonal cuts (CD) are coupled with each other and allow the base geometry to be shaped (2) .

15.- Manufacturing process of modular frames (6), according to claim

14, characterized in that the union between any of the elements that make up the modular frame (6): rail profiles (1), base (2), post (3), side bars (4) and fixing tabs (5) It includes welding, pins, bolts, nuts, resins, ties or screws.

16.- Manufacturing process of modular racks (6), according to claim

15, which is characterized because the cross section! of the post (3) comprises a square, rectangular, circular section, profiles in "L", in "T", in "l" or εη "H".

17. - Manufacturing process of modular frames (6), according to claim

16, characterized in that the length (H) of the post (3) comprises any length between one centimeter and fifty meters.

18. - Manufacturing process of modular racks (6), according to claim

17, characterized in that any magnitude of the cross section of the post (3) comprises any value between five millimeters and five meters.

19. ~ Manufacturing process of modular frames (6), according to claim 18, characterized in that the side bars (4) comprise cross sections in "L" or "1".

20. - Manufacturing process of modular frames (6), according to claim 19, characterized in that the arrangement of the side bars (4) comprise two right triangles that share the post (3).

21. Process of manufacturing modular frames (6), according to claim 2.0, characterized in that a first right triangle comprises fixing one end of a side bar (4) of length {Tx} to the free top end of the post (3), while the other end of the bar beats! (4) in length (Tx) is fixed to a corner of the base (2) that shares side with the corner where the post (3) has been placed.

22. - Manufacturing process of modular frames (6), according to claim 21, characterized in that one side of the base {2} and the sidebar (4) of length (Tx) comprise an angle (Θ) .

23. - Manufacturing process of modular frames (6), according to claim 22, characterized in that a second right triangle comprises fixing one end of a sidebar {4} in length (Ty) to the free top end of the post (3), while the other end of the sidebar (4) of length {Ty} is fixed to another corner of the base (2) that also shares side with the corner where the pole has been placed {3}.

24, - Manufacturing process of modular racks (6), according to the claim

23, characterized in that another side of the base {2} and the sidebar {4} in length (Ty) comprise an angle (),

25. - Manufacturing process of modular racks (6), according to claim

24, characterized in that the connection between a fixing flange (5) and a side bar (4) comprises being made in the middle of! cant sidebar (4).

26. - A modular frame (6) characterized in that it comprises a four-sided base (2) made with laughing profiles! (1) comprising a grooved geometry determined by an orthogonal section of sides (a) and (b) and includes a trapezoidal section channel and which are coupled through cuts (CD) and joined with the aid of known means of connection, to the base {2} a post (3) of length (H) is placed perpendicularly on one of its corners, joining it to the base (2) with the help of known means of joining, then some side bars (4) arranging them in such a way that two right triangles are formed that share the post (3), fixing some of its ends to the upper free end of the post (3) and the others to some corners of the base (2) that they share a side with the corner where the post (3) has been placed, joining them with the aid of known joining means, then fixing tabs (5) are placed along the outer face of the side bars core (4 ).

27. - A modular frame (6), according to claim 26, characterized in that the geometry, plan view, of the base (2) comprises any quadrilateral.

28. - A modular frame (6), according to claim 27, characterized in that any base base (2) comprises a length between five centimeters and fifty meters.

29. - A modular frame (6), according to claim 28, characterized in that the base (2) comprises four sides that are formed by four pieces of rail profile (1).

30. - A modular frame (6), according to claim 29, characterized in that the trapezoidal section of the channel of the profiles riei (1), comprises a major base (el), a minor base (c2) and a height ( d) horizontal.

31. - A modular frame (6), according to claim 30, characterized in that the dimensions (el), (c2), (d), (a) and (b) of! Rail profile (1) comprise any vaior between five millimeters and five meters.

32. - A modular frame (6), according to claim 31, characterized in that the riei profile (1) comprises a solid element or a tubular element.

33. - A modular frame (6), according to claim 32, characterized in that the riei profiles (1), the base (2), the post (3), the side bars (4) and the fixing tabs ( 5) comprise plastic, steel, aluminum, wood, resins or polymers.

34. - A modular frame (6), according to claim 33, characterized in that the coupling of the riei profiles (1) that form the base (2), comprises diagonal cuts (CD) at an inclination (Jj) at the ends of each profile riei {!}.

35. A modular frame (6), according to claim 34, characterized in that the rail profiles (1) comprise "v" (CV) cuts in the edges that derive from the diagonal cuts (CD).

36.- A modular frame (6). according to claim 35, characterized in that the "v" (CV) cuts comprise the same geometry of the channels of the rail profile (1).

37. A modular frame (6), according to claim 36, characterized in that the "v" (CV) cuts comprise a trapezoidal section of major base (el), minor base (c2) and height (d).

38. - A modular frame (6), according to claim 37, characterized in that the cutting means of the diagonal cuts (CD) and the "v" (CV) cuts comprise torch, emery, jig, milling machine or laser.

39. - A modular frame (6), according to claim 38, characterized in that the base plate conformation (2) comprises joining the ends of each piece of rail profile

(1) so that the diagonal cuts (CD) are coupled with each other and allow to conform to the geometry of the base (2),

40. - A modular frame (6), according to claim 39, characterized in that the union between any of the elements that make up the modular frame (6): rail profiles (1), base (2), post (3) , side bars (4) and fixing tabs (5) includes welding, pins, bolts, nuts, resins, ties or screws.

41. - A modular frame (6), according to claim 40, characterized in that the cross section of the post (3) comprises a square, rectangular, circular section, profiles in "i", in "T", in "I "or in" H ",

42. A modular frame (6), according to claim 41, characterized in that the length (H) of the post (3) comprises any length between a centimeter and fifty meters.

43. - A modular frame (6), according to claim 42, characterized in that any magnitude of the cross section of the post (3) comprises any value between five millimeters and five meters.

44. - A modular frame (6), according to claim 43, characterized in that the side bars {4} comprise cross sections in "L" or "T".

45. - A modular frame (6), according to claim 44, characterized in that the arrangement of the side bars (4) comprise two right triangles that share the post (3).

46. - A modular frame (6), according to claim 45, characterized in that a first right triangle comprises fixing one end of a side bar Í4) of length (Tx) to the upper free end of the post (3), while the other end of the sidebar (4) of length (Tx) is fixed to a corner of the base (2) that shares side with the corner where the post (3) has been placed.

47. - A modular frame (6), according to claim 46, characterized in that one side of the base (2) and the side bar (4) of length (Tx) comprise an angle (Θ).

48. - A modular frame (6), according to claim 47, characterized in that a second right triangle comprises fixing one end of a side bar (4) of length (Ty) to the upper end of Ubre! pole (3), while the other end of the sidebar (4) of length (Ty) is fixed to another corner of the base (2) that also shares side with the corner where the pole (3) has been placed.

49. - A modular frame (6), according to claim 48, characterized in that another side of the base (2) and the side bar (4) in length (Ty) comprise an angle (Φ).

50. - A modular frame (6), according to claim 49, characterized in that the joint between a fixing flange (5) and a side bar (4) comprises being made in the middle of the side bar core (4). ).

51. - Process of manufacturing rigid surfaces (8) characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) Arrange one or more modular racks (6), according to claims 1 to 50, and depending on the configuration and the Desired design, b) Fix them by entering connecting bars (7) through the channels of the rail profiles (1) of the bases (2), c) Cover each modular frame (6) with release wax (10) , with the help of known means of application, d) Mount a flexible fabric (9) on it or the modular racks (6) in such a way that the design of the rigid surface (8) is obtained, fixing it to fixing tabs (5), using known fixing means, e) Rigidize and / or harden the flexible fabric (9) by applying to! less, a first abundant layer of polyester resin (11) on the surface of the flexible material (9), then place pieces of cloth or fiberglass mesh (12) on the layer of polyester resin (11) that has been applied on the surface of the flexible fabric (9), subsequently apply a second layer of polyester resin (11) on the layer formed by the pieces of cloth or fiberglass mesh (12) and thus successively to comprise at least three layers of polyester resin (11) and at least two layers of cloth or fiberglass mesh (12), f) Remove the rigid surface (8) derived from the coupling of modular frames (6), removing known fixing means, g) Trim the leftovers of flexible fabric {9} from the periphery of the rigid surface (8).

52.- Process of manufacturing rigid surfaces (8), according to claim 51, characterized in that the modular frame {6} when disposed with other equals and a! vary the configuration of its base (2), includes conceiving multiple configurations, arrangements or structural couplings,

53.- Process of manufacturing rigid surfaces (8), according to claim 52, characterized in that the connecting rods (7) comprise fixing two or more modular racks (6), through the channels they have the rail profiles {1} that make up the base (2),

54. - Process of manufacturing rigid surfaces (8), according to claim 53, characterized in that the function of the connecting rods (7) comprises joining two or more modular racks (6) by entering them through the "v" (CV) cuts of the rail profiles (1) that make up the base (2) and run along the channels of these rail profiles (1).

55. - Process for manufacturing rigid surfaces (8), according to claim 54, characterized in that the connecting rods (7) comprise solid elements or tubular elements,

56. - Process for manufacturing rigid surfaces (8), according to claim 55, characterized in that the connecting rods (7) comprise plastic, steel, aluminum, wood, resins or polymers.

57.- Process for manufacturing rigid surfaces (8), according to claim 56, characterized in that the connecting rods {7} comprise a "bun" shaped geometry.

58.- Process of manufacturing rigid surfaces (8), according to claim 57, characterized in that the geometry of the connecting rods (7) comprises two trapezoids that share a smaller vertical base (c2), have a horizontal height (d) and a larger vertical base (el).

59. - Process for manufacturing rigid surfaces (8), according to claim 58, characterized in that any measure of the connecting bars {7): (el), (c2) and (d) comprises any value between Five millimeters and five meters.

60. - Process for manufacturing rigid surfaces (8), according to claim 59, characterized in that the length (K) of the connecting rods (7) comprises any value between five centimeters and fifty meters.

61. - Process for manufacturing rigid surfaces (8), according to claim 60, characterized in that it comprises any configuration that derives from the coupling of one or more modular frames (6) in any configuration of its base (2).

62. - Process for manufacturing rigid surfaces (8), according to claim 61, characterized in that it comprises the arrangement of a flexible fabric (9) on one or more modular frames (6) that acquires the surface form of a rigid surface (8).

63. - Process for manufacturing rigid surfaces (8), according to claim 62, characterized in that the flexible fabric (9) comprises polyester, cotton, nylon or Lycra.

64. - Process for manufacturing rigid surfaces (8), according to claim 63, characterized in that the application of the release wax (10) comprises brush, spatula, latex gloves or hand.

65. - Process for manufacturing rigid surfaces (8), according to claim 64, characterized in that the assembly of the flexible fabric (9) on the modular frames (6) comprises fixing the flexible fabric (9) to the length of the fixing tabs (5) of each modular frame (6) that conform the coupling.

66. - Process for manufacturing rigid surfaces (8), according to claim 65, characterized in that the fixing between the flexible fabric (9) and the fixing tabs (5) comprises clothespins, tacks, screws, nuts, pins, savers, plates, tongs or ties.

67.- Process of manufacturing rigid surfaces (8), according to claim 66, characterized in that each of the points to be fixed comprises stretching the flexible fabric (9) to the maximum, this, to obtain a free uniform surface of wrinkles, but supervising that the flexible fabric (9) does not tear or break.

68.- Process of manufacturing rigid surfaces (8), according to claim 67, characterized in that the fixing of the flexible fabric (9) comprises being made in every γ each ur ¡of the fixing tabs (5) that conform the perimeter of the coupling of the modular frames (6), always stretching the flexible fabric (9) to the maximum to obtain the surface shape of the rigid surface (8).

69.- Process of manufacturing rigid surfaces (8), according to claim 68, characterized in that the flexible fabric (9) comprises a single piece of fabric or joining and sewing pieces of flexible fabric {9}.

70. - Process for manufacturing rigid surfaces (8), according to claim 69, characterized in that the number of polyester resin layers (11) comprises at least three.

71. - Process for manufacturing rigid surfaces (8), according to claim 70, characterized in that the number of layers of fiberglass cloth (12) comprises at least two.

72. - Process for manufacturing rigid surfaces (8), according to claim 71, characterized in that disassembling the rigid surface {8} derived from a coupling of modular frames (6) comprises removing the fasteners between the flexible fabric (9) and fixing tabs (5).

73. - Rigid surface manufacturing process (8), according to claim 72, characterized in that it comprises varying the order of application of the polyester resin layers (11) and those of fiberglass cloth or mesh (12).

74. - Process for manufacturing rigid surfaces (8), according to claim 73, characterized in that the rigid surface {8} comprises a layer of flexible fabric (9), at least three layers of polyester resin (11) and at least two layers of fiberglass cloth or mesh (12).