WO2000052715A1 - Method for detecting an armature movement in an electromagnetic actuator - Google Patents

Method for detecting an armature movement in an electromagnetic actuator Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000052715A1
WO2000052715A1 PCT/EP2000/001546 EP0001546W WO0052715A1 WO 2000052715 A1 WO2000052715 A1 WO 2000052715A1 EP 0001546 W EP0001546 W EP 0001546W WO 0052715 A1 WO0052715 A1 WO 0052715A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
armature
electromagnet
pole face
field
magnetic field
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2000/001546
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Günter Schmitz
Christian Boie
Frank Van Der Staay
Lutz Kather
Original Assignee
Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh filed Critical Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh
Priority to EP00910709A priority Critical patent/EP1076908A1/en
Priority to JP2000603054A priority patent/JP2002538753A/en
Publication of WO2000052715A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000052715A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F7/1844—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/142—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
    • G01D5/145—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices influenced by the relative movement between the Hall device and magnetic fields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F2007/1894—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings minimizing impact energy on closure of magnetic circuit

Definitions

  • Electromagnetic actuators which essentially consist of at least one electromagnet and an armature connected to the actuator to be actuated, which can be moved against the force of a return spring when the electromagnet is energized, have a high switching speed.
  • bouncing processes can occur. H. the anchor first hits the pole face, but then lifts off, at least briefly, until it finally comes to rest. This can impair the function of the actuator, which can lead to considerable malfunctions, particularly in the case of actuators with a high switching frequency.
  • the impact speeds are of the order of magnitude below 0.1 m / s. It is important here that such low impact speeds must be ensured under real operating conditions with all the associated stochastic fluctuations. External interference, such as vibrations or the like, can lead to a sudden drop in the final approach phase or even after contacting the pole face.
  • an electromagnetic actuator for actuating a gas exchange valve on an internal combustion engine on which a measuring means is provided for contactless determination of the position of the valve, which is an element connected to the valve stem for generating a predetermined magnetic field and at least one contain a magnetic field sensitive sensor, which has an increased magnetoresistive effect layer system with a measuring layer for detecting the magnetic field, the magnetic field generating element is to be guided relative to the magnetic field sensitive sensor such that the components of the magnetic field impinging on the measuring layer with a reference axis in enclose an average angle of the measuring layer plane which is clearly correlated with the respective position of the magnetic field sensitive sensor relative to the magnetic field generating element.
  • a measuring means for contactless determination of the position of the valve, which is an element connected to the valve stem for generating a predetermined magnetic field and at least one contain a magnetic field sensitive sensor, which has an increased magnetoresistive effect layer system with a measuring layer for detecting the magnetic field, the magnetic field generating element is to be guided relative to the magnetic field sensitive sensor such that the
  • this system requires a large overall height, which is not practical for a series application on internal combustion engines. Furthermore, there is the problem that the changing magnetic field, in particular the stray field of the electromagnet, overlaps with the "predetermined" magnetic field and thus falsifies the measurement.
  • the sensor of the previously known system does not react to the changing magnetic field strength, but the superimposition of an interference field changes the resulting direction of the entire magnetic field at the sensor. Accordingly, it is also necessary to provide additional magnetic shielding.
  • the invention has for its object a method for
  • This object is achieved according to the invention with a method for motion detection, in particular for controlling the armature impact speed on an e-spectral actuator with at least one electromagnet, which at least has a pole face and is connected to a controllable power supply, and which has an armature which is connected to the actuator to be actuated and which, when current is supplied to the electromagnet, against the force of a return spring from a first switching position in the direction of the pole face of the electromagnet is movably guided into a second switching position given by the system on the pole face, with at least one direction detection sensor assigned to the electromagnet detecting the orientation of the magnetic stray field which changes when the armature approaches and an actuating signal for the power supply is triggered in accordance with the change in orientation.
  • the method according to the invention does not work with two different magnetic fields but only with one magnetic field, namely the magnetic field of the one acting on the armature
  • Electromagnets The fact that the direction of this magnetic field changes due to the changing position of the armature in relation to the pole face of the electromagnet is also advantageously used, the current level being practically irrelevant. Any saturation effects that occur can be eliminated by correcting the sensor signal by correcting the path signal from a previously determined deviation as a function of the current level.
  • the field line course of the stray field is oriented essentially parallel to the direction of movement of the armature when the armature is at a great distance from the pole face.
  • the field lines are only "bent" directly at the anchor, so that they run at an angle to the direction of movement.
  • the direction detection sensor is now assigned to the electromagnet in such a way that, with the armature still removed, it is penetrated essentially by the field lines running parallel to the direction of movement of the armature and is only penetrated essentially transversely by the field lines in the area of proximity of the armature to the pole face, the direction change a corresponding electrical signal can be triggered, which is used to change the power supply to the electromagnet. Due to the axial position of the direction detection sensor relative to the plane of the pole face, the distance between the armature and the pole face can now be specified in which the control intervention for changing the energization of the electromagnet is to be triggered.
  • a particular advantage is that changes in the orientation of the magnetic field can be detected over a large distance of the armature movement and, accordingly, the current supply to the electromagnet can be tracked continuously.
  • a very sensitive detection of the armature position in relation to the pole face can be achieved, which is given when the directional detection sensor is penetrated by the field lines just perpendicular to the direction of movement of the armature and thus gives the greatest change for the resulting signal is.
  • This means that very precise control can take place at the end of the movement - shortly before touchdown - because a very precise, high-resolution path signal is available.
  • the field line course of the magnetic stray field is detected laterally next to the pole face via the direction detection sensor.
  • At least two direction detection sensors are provided in different orientations to one another and to the electromagnet. This provides the opportunity to form a reference signal and to improve the signal formation.
  • 2 schematically shows the course of the magnetic field on one of the electromagnets of the actuator with a large armature distance
  • 3 shows the course of the magnetic field on the electromagnet with a small armature distance
  • a gas exchange valve GWV for a piston internal combustion engine is shown schematically, which is provided with an electromagnetic actuator EMA as a valve train.
  • the actuator EMA consists essentially of a closing magnet 2.1 and an opening magnet 2.2, between which an armature 1 is guided back and forth against the force of return springs RF, which are only schematically indicated here, in accordance with the energization of the electromagnets 2.
  • the two possible switching positions of the gas exchange valve GWV forming the actuator are each defined here by the armature being in contact with one of the two electromagnets 2.
  • armature In Fig. 1 the armature is shown in its intermediate position after it is moved in the direction of the opening magnet 2.2 by releasing the closing magnet 2.1 by the force of the associated spring RF 1.
  • the control method for energizing the opening magnet 2.2 is described below, only identified by reference number 2 below, since the energization of the closing magnet 2.1 takes place analogously.
  • the movement process of the Armature 1 is controlled by energizing the magnet 2.
  • the current is made available by the current regulator 3, which in turn receives its commands for current supply from a motor control (ECU) 4.
  • ECU motor control
  • At least the switch-off signals for current 6 are passed to the current controller.
  • an operating current-dependent setpoint value 7, which is dependent on the operating point, for example, can be specified by the engine control 4.
  • a direction detection sensor 8 is used to change the orientation of the field line course of the control field
  • Electromagnet 2 detects a signal in dependence of the fell -1 changing anchor position, after evaluation by the signal conditioning 9 as a displacement signal 10 and / or Geschvindig- is keitssignal a Wegregelungsaku 12 will provide 9 e ⁇ . This generates the control signal 13.
  • the signal 10 does not necessarily have to reproduce the path or the speed exactly, for example linearly " , rather a signal is sufficient in each case which provides corresponding information about the path or the speed or also in relation to one contains the given distance of the armature 1 to the pole face of the electromagnet 2.
  • a measuring device is also conceivable which provides the path signal non-linearly, that is, when the armature comes very close, it has a greater path dependency than when the armature is further away.
  • the data obtained in the signal processing 9 values for the change in orientation of the magnetic field and thus practicing * position control "12" the position of the armature in the block are "processed processes, so that the current supply to the respectively activated electromagnets, here the electromagnet 2.2, can then be regulated via the current regulator 3 and its control via the motor control 4 such that a magnetic force acts on the armature 1 when the pole face is approached, which is dimensioned such that the anchor ultimately hits at a low speed.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 schematically show the electromagnet 2 when it flows through its coil 14, but at different distances from the armature 1 to the pole face 15.
  • the magnetic field 16 with its magnetic lines is only shown for the right part of the coil 14 ' .
  • the magnetic field 16 has an outward distortion in the form of a stray field 17.
  • the orientation of the stray field 17 is significant in the area of the armature 1, since the field lines of the stray field 17 are oriented practically perpendicular to the direction of movement of the armature (arrow 18).
  • a direction detection sensor 8 for example a GiantMagnetic Resistance, is attached in the area of the stray field 17 directly next to the movement area of the armature 1
  • the direction detection sensor 8 is expediently designed in such a way that a flooding signal in the direction of movement 18 produces a weak signal and in the case of a flooding perpendicular to the direction of movement 18 due to the changed direction of flooding and also due to the increased magnetic flux due to the bundling in this area a stronger signal becomes.
  • This signal can then, as shown in FIG. 1, be applied to the signal processor 9 and used accordingly to regulate the energization of the capturing electromagnet 2.
  • a control signal can also be triggered as a one-off control intervention when a maximum is reached, depending on the sensitivity of the directional detection sensor used. Or it is also possible to detect the change in the orientation of the magnetic field as a function of time and not only to continuously determine the position or the distance of the armature from the pole face, but also to carry out an evaluation with regard to the respective armature speed.
  • two direction detection sensors 8.1 and 8.2 are provided. These sensors are designed so that they emit the strongest signal when they are flooded vertically. Accordingly, the two cattle tion detection sensors 8.1 and 8.2 arranged at a right angle to each other so that the direction detection sensor 8.1 is able to detect the change in the field line course in the approach phase of the armature 1 remote from the pole face and the change in the field line course is detected via the second direction detection sensor 8.2 when the armature 1 is in the last phase of approach to the pole face 15.
  • the corresponding actuating signal can then be generated for connection to the path control unit 12. Even a small current dependency can be compensated for by using two sensors by combining the two signals, for example by forming quotients.
  • FIG. 7 schematically shows an electromagnet, for example electromagnet 2.2 of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1.
  • electromagnets of this type with a W-shaped yoke body 2.3, the arrangement of the yoke body, which is designed as a ring, results in the grooves of the yoke body
  • a direction detection sensor 8 into the yoke body 2.3 in the manner shown, namely by arranging it on the pole face 15 or partially recessed into the pole face 15.
  • the direction detection sensor 8 projects above the pole face 15. Accordingly, a recess 19 of corresponding size is arranged in the armature 1, which causes the required distortion of the magnetic field in the manner of a stray field, so that when the armature 1 approaches and the direction detection sensor 8 is immersed in the recess 19 the resulting change in direction of the field lines can be detected.
  • the direction sensor 8 relative to the plane of symmetry of the yoke body 2.3, and the recess 19 in the armature 1 are arranged correspondingly off-center, so that when the armature 1 approaches the pole face 15 it is also ensured that the direction detection sensor 8 is flooded in every position of the anchor.
  • the second switching position assigned to the pole face 15 in accordance with the definition given here can now either be given by the direct contact of the armature 1 on the pole face 15 of the magnet in question.
  • the second switch position for the function "close valve” has already been reached when the gas exchange valve rests on its sealing surface, but the armature 1 does not yet Has reached pole surface of the closing magnet 2.1. This can be the case if, as indicated in FIG. 1, the guide pin 1.1 is divided and, as a result of a valve clearance, the armature 1 still moves in the direction of the pole face of the catching electromagnet - here the closing magnet 2.1 - while the gas exchange valve is moving already at rest.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for detecting a movement, notably for controlling the speed at which an armature arrives at an electromagnetic actuator. Said actuator comprises at least one electromagnet which has at least one pole face and is connected to a controllable current supply, and an armature which is connected to a control member to be actuated and when the electromagnet is supplied with a current can be moved against the force of a return spring from a first switching position in the direction of the pole face of the electromagnet into a second switching position assigned to said pole face. Via at least one direction sensor assigned to the electromagnet the alignment of a magnetic leakage field, which changes as the armature approaches, is detected and a control signal for the current supply is generated in accordance with the change in alignment.

Description

Bezeichnung: Verfahren zur Erfassung der Ankerbewegung an einem elektromagnetischen AktuatorName: Process for the detection of armature movement on an electromagnetic actuator
Beschreibungdescription
Elektromagnetische Aktuatoren, die im wesentlichen aus wenigstens einem Elektromagneten und einem mit dem zu betätigenden Stellglied verbundenen Anker bestehen, der bei einer Be- stromung des Elektromagneten gegen die Kraft einer Rückstell- feder bewegbar ist, weisen sich durch eine hohe Schaltgeschwindigkeit aus. Ein Problem ist jedoch dadurch gegeben, daß bei der Annäherung des Ankers mit abnehmendem Abstand zur Polfläche des Elektromagneten, d. h. mit kleiner werdendem Luftspalt zwischen Polfläche und Anker, die auf den Anker einwirkende Magnetkraft progressiv ansteigt, während die Gegenkraft der Rückstellfeder in der Regel nur linear anwächst, so daß der Anker mit anwachsender Geschwindigkeit auf die Polfläche auftrifft. Neben der Geräuschentwicklung kann es hierbei zu Prellvorgängen kommen, d. h. der Anker trifft zu- nächst auf der Polfläche auf, hebt dann aber zumindest kurzfristig ab, bis er endlich vollständig zur Anlage kommt. Hierdurch kann es zu Beeinträchtigungen der Funktion des Stellgliedes kommen, was insbesondere bei Aktuatoren mit hoher Schaltfrequenz zu erheblichen Störungen führen kann.Electromagnetic actuators, which essentially consist of at least one electromagnet and an armature connected to the actuator to be actuated, which can be moved against the force of a return spring when the electromagnet is energized, have a high switching speed. A problem arises, however, that when the armature approaches the distance from the pole face of the electromagnet decreases, that is. H. with a decreasing air gap between the pole face and armature, the magnetic force acting on the armature increases progressively, while the counterforce of the return spring generally only increases linearly, so that the armature strikes the pole face with increasing speed. In addition to the development of noise, bouncing processes can occur. H. the anchor first hits the pole face, but then lifts off, at least briefly, until it finally comes to rest. This can impair the function of the actuator, which can lead to considerable malfunctions, particularly in the case of actuators with a high switching frequency.
Es ist daher wünschenswert, wenn die Auftreffgeschwindigkei- ten in der Größenordnung unter 0,1 m/s liegen. Wichtig ist es hierbei, daß derart kleine Auftreffgeschwindigkeiten auch unter realen Betriebsbedingungen mit allen damit verbundenen stochastischen Schwankungen sicherzustellen sind. Störeinflüsse von außen, beispielsweise Erschütterungen oder dergleichen, können in der letzten Annäherungsphase oder aber noch nach dem Anlegen an der Polfläche zu einem plötzlichen Abfallen führen. Aus DE-197 06 106 A ist ein elektromagnetischer Aktuator zur Betätigung eines Gaswechselventils an einem Verbrennungsmotor bekannt, an dem ein Meßmittel zu einer kontaktlosen Bestimmung der Stellposition des Ventils vorgesehen ist, welche ein mit dem Ventilschaft verbundenes Element zur Erzeugung eines vorbestimmten Magnetfeldes sowie mindestens einen magnetfeldempfindlichen Sensor enthalten, der ein einen erhöhten mag- netoresestiven Effekt zeigendes Schichtsystem mit einer Meßschicht zur Erfassung des Magnetfeldes aufweist, wobei das magnetfelderzeugende Element relativ zu dem magnetfeldempfindlichen Sensor derart zu führen ist, daß die auf die Meßschicht auftreffenden Komponenten des Magnetfeldes mit einer Bezugsachse in der Meßschichtebene einen mittleren Winkel einschließen, der eindeutig mit der jeweiligen Posi- tion des magnetfeldempfindlichen Sensors relativ zu dem magnetfelderzeugenden Element korreliert ist. Bei der Anwendung dieses Systems ergeben sich allerdings einige Probleme. Zum einen erfordert dieses System eine große Bauhöhe, die für eine Serienanwendung an Verbrennungsmotoren nicht praktikabel ist. Des weiteren ergibt sich das Problem, daß das sich ändernde Magnetfeld, insbesondere das Streufeld des Elektromagneten, sich mit dem "vorbestimmten" Magnetfeld überlagert und damit die Messung verfälscht. Der Sensor des vorbekannten Systems reagiert zwar nicht auf die sich ändernde Magnetfeld- stärke, durch die Überlagerung eines Störfeldes ändert sich aber die resultierende Richtung des gesamten Magnetfeldes am Sensor. Dementsprechend ist es auch erforderlich, eine zusätzliche magnetische Abschirmung vorzusehen.It is therefore desirable if the impact speeds are of the order of magnitude below 0.1 m / s. It is important here that such low impact speeds must be ensured under real operating conditions with all the associated stochastic fluctuations. External interference, such as vibrations or the like, can lead to a sudden drop in the final approach phase or even after contacting the pole face. From DE-197 06 106 A an electromagnetic actuator for actuating a gas exchange valve on an internal combustion engine is known, on which a measuring means is provided for contactless determination of the position of the valve, which is an element connected to the valve stem for generating a predetermined magnetic field and at least one contain a magnetic field sensitive sensor, which has an increased magnetoresistive effect layer system with a measuring layer for detecting the magnetic field, the magnetic field generating element is to be guided relative to the magnetic field sensitive sensor such that the components of the magnetic field impinging on the measuring layer with a reference axis in enclose an average angle of the measuring layer plane which is clearly correlated with the respective position of the magnetic field sensitive sensor relative to the magnetic field generating element. However, there are some problems with using this system. On the one hand, this system requires a large overall height, which is not practical for a series application on internal combustion engines. Furthermore, there is the problem that the changing magnetic field, in particular the stray field of the electromagnet, overlaps with the "predetermined" magnetic field and thus falsifies the measurement. The sensor of the previously known system does not react to the changing magnetic field strength, but the superimposition of an interference field changes the resulting direction of the entire magnetic field at the sensor. Accordingly, it is also necessary to provide additional magnetic shielding.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zurThe invention has for its object a method for
Bewegungserkennung zu schaffen, das die vorbeschriebenen Nachteile nicht aufweist.To create motion detection that does not have the disadvantages described above.
Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung gelöst mit einem Ver- fahren zur Bewegungserkennung, insbesondere zur Regelung der Ankerauftreffgeschwindigkeit an einem ekektromagnetischen Aktuator mit wenigstens einem Elektromagneten, der wenigstens eine Polfläche aufweist und mit einer steuerbaren Stormver- sorgung verbunden ist, und der einen Anker aufweist, der mit dem zu betätigenden Stellglied in Verbindung steht, welcher bei Stromzufuhr zum Elektromagneten gegen die Kraft einer Rückstellfeder aus einer ersten Schaltstellung in Richtung auf die Polfläche des Elektromagneten in eine durch die Anlage an der Polfläche gegebene zweite Schaltstellung bewegbar geführt ist, wobei über wenigstens einen dem Elektromagneten zugeordneten Richtungserfassungssensor die Ausrichtung des sich bei Annäherung des Ankers ändernden magnetischen Streufeldes erfaßt und entsprechend der Änderung der Ausrichtung ein Stellsignal für die Stromversorgung ausgelöst wird. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird nicht mit zwei verschiedenen Magnetfeldern sondern nur mit einem Magnetfeld gearbei- tet, nämlich dem Magnetfeld des auf den Anker einwirkendenThis object is achieved according to the invention with a method for motion detection, in particular for controlling the armature impact speed on an e-spectral actuator with at least one electromagnet, which at least has a pole face and is connected to a controllable power supply, and which has an armature which is connected to the actuator to be actuated and which, when current is supplied to the electromagnet, against the force of a return spring from a first switching position in the direction of the pole face of the electromagnet is movably guided into a second switching position given by the system on the pole face, with at least one direction detection sensor assigned to the electromagnet detecting the orientation of the magnetic stray field which changes when the armature approaches and an actuating signal for the power supply is triggered in accordance with the change in orientation. The method according to the invention does not work with two different magnetic fields but only with one magnetic field, namely the magnetic field of the one acting on the armature
Elektromagneten. Hierbei wird mit Vorteil die Tatsache ausgenutzt, daß die Richtung dieses Magnetfeldes durch die sich ändernde Position des Ankers gegenüber der Polfläche des Elektromagneten sich ebenfalls ändert, wobei die Stromhöhe praktisch keine Rolle spielt. Etwa auftretende Sättigungseffekte können durch eine Korrektur des Sensorsignals dadurch eliminiert werden, daß aus einer vorher bestimmten Abweichung in Abhängigkeit der Stromhöhe eine Korrektur des Wegsignals vorgenommen wird. Der Feldlinienverlauf des Streufeldes ist bei großer Entfernung des Ankers von der Polfläche im wesentlichen parallel zur Bewegungsrichtung des Ankers ausgerichtet. Erst unmittelbar am Anker werden die Feldlinien "abgebogen", so daß sie unter einem Winkel zur Bewegungsrichtung verlaufen. Der Richtungserfassungssensor wird nun so dem Elektromagneten zugeordnet, daß er bei noch entferntem Anker im wesentlichen von den parallel zur Bewegungsrichtung des Ankers verlaufenden Feldlinien durchsetzt wird und erst im Annäherungsbereich des Ankers an die Polfläche im wesentlichen quer von den Feldlinien durchsetzt wird, wobei durch die Richtungsänderung ein entsprechendes elektrisches Signal ausgelöst werden kann, das zur einer Änderung der Stromzufuhr zum Elektromagneten ausgenutzt wird. Durch den axialen Ab- stand des Richtungserfassungssensors gegenüber der Polflächenebene kann nun der Abstand zwischen Anker und Polfläche vorgegeben werden, in dem der Regeleingriff zur Änderung der Bestromung des Elektromagneten ausgelöst werden soll. Ein be- sonderer Vorteil besteht darin, daß Veränderungen der Ausrichtung des Magnetfeldes über eine große Wegstrecke der Ankerbewegung erfaßt werden können und dementsprechend auch die Bestromung des Elektromagneten laufend nachgeführt werden kann. Bei entsprechender Positionierung des Sensors kann da- bei eine sehr feinfühlige Erfassung der Ankerposition gegenüber der Polfläche erzielt werden, die dann gegeben ist, wenn der Richtungserfassungssensor von den Feldlinien gerade senkrecht zur Bewegungsrichtung des Ankers durchsetzt wird und so für das entstehende Signal die stärkste Änderung gegeben ist. Somit kann am Ende der Bewegung - also kurz vor dem Aufsetzen eine sehr genaue Regelung erfolgen, weil ein sehr präzises, hochaufgelöstes Wegsignal zur Verfügung steht.Electromagnets. The fact that the direction of this magnetic field changes due to the changing position of the armature in relation to the pole face of the electromagnet is also advantageously used, the current level being practically irrelevant. Any saturation effects that occur can be eliminated by correcting the sensor signal by correcting the path signal from a previously determined deviation as a function of the current level. The field line course of the stray field is oriented essentially parallel to the direction of movement of the armature when the armature is at a great distance from the pole face. The field lines are only "bent" directly at the anchor, so that they run at an angle to the direction of movement. The direction detection sensor is now assigned to the electromagnet in such a way that, with the armature still removed, it is penetrated essentially by the field lines running parallel to the direction of movement of the armature and is only penetrated essentially transversely by the field lines in the area of proximity of the armature to the pole face, the direction change a corresponding electrical signal can be triggered, which is used to change the power supply to the electromagnet. Due to the axial position of the direction detection sensor relative to the plane of the pole face, the distance between the armature and the pole face can now be specified in which the control intervention for changing the energization of the electromagnet is to be triggered. A particular advantage is that changes in the orientation of the magnetic field can be detected over a large distance of the armature movement and, accordingly, the current supply to the electromagnet can be tracked continuously. With appropriate positioning of the sensor, a very sensitive detection of the armature position in relation to the pole face can be achieved, which is given when the directional detection sensor is penetrated by the field lines just perpendicular to the direction of movement of the armature and thus gives the greatest change for the resulting signal is. This means that very precise control can take place at the end of the movement - shortly before touchdown - because a very precise, high-resolution path signal is available.
In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß über den Richtungserfassungssensor der Feldlinienverlauf des magnetischen Streufeldes seitlich neben der Polfläche erfaßt wird.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention it is provided that the field line course of the magnetic stray field is detected laterally next to the pole face via the direction detection sensor.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß wenigstens zwei Richtungserfassungssensoren in unterschiedlicher Ausrichtung zueinander und zum Elektromagneten vorgesehen sind. Damit ist die Möglichkeit gegeben, ein Referenzsignal zu bilden und die Signalbildung zu verbessern.In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that at least two direction detection sensors are provided in different orientations to one another and to the electromagnet. This provides the opportunity to form a reference signal and to improve the signal formation.
Die Erfindung wird anhand schematischer Zeichnungen für ein Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert. Es zeigen:The invention is explained in more detail with reference to schematic drawings for an embodiment. Show it:
Fig. 1 einen Aktuator mit zugehöriger Steuerung,1 shows an actuator with associated control,
Fig. 2 schematisch den Verlauf des Magnetfeldes an einem der Elektromagneten des Aktuators bei großem Ankerabstand, Fig. 3 den Verlauf des Magnetfeldes am Elektromagneten bei geringem Ankerabstand,2 schematically shows the course of the magnetic field on one of the electromagnets of the actuator with a large armature distance, 3 shows the course of the magnetic field on the electromagnet with a small armature distance,
Fig. 4 in größerem Maßstab die Anordnung einesFig. 4 on a larger scale the arrangement of a
Richtungserfassungssensors mit Feldlinienverlauf im Bereich IV in Fig. 2,Direction detection sensor with field line course in area IV in FIG. 2,
Fig. 5 den Feldlinienverlauf in vergrößerter Darstellung im Bereich V in Fig. 3,5 shows the field line course in an enlarged representation in area V in FIG. 3,
Fig. 6 eine Ausführungsform mit zwei Richtungs- erfassungssensoren,6 shows an embodiment with two direction detection sensors,
Fig. 7 einen Aktuator mit integriertem Richtungs- erfassungsensor.7 shows an actuator with an integrated direction detection sensor.
In Fig. 1 ist ein Gaswechselventil GWV für eine Kolbenbrenn- kraftmaschine schematisch dargestellt, das mit einem elektromagnetischen Aktuator EMA als Ventiltrieb versehen ist. Der Aktuator EMA besteht im wesentlichen aus einem Schließmagneten 2.1 und einem Öffnermagneten 2.2, zwischen denen ein Anker 1 gegen die Kraft von hier nur schematisch angedeuteten Rückstellfedern RF entsprechend der Bestromung der Elektromagneten 2 hin und her bewegbar geführt ist. Die beiden mögli- chen Schaltstellungen des das Stellglied bildenden Gaswechselventils GWV werden hier jeweils durch die Anlage des Ankers an einem der beiden Elektromagneten 2 definiert.In Fig. 1, a gas exchange valve GWV for a piston internal combustion engine is shown schematically, which is provided with an electromagnetic actuator EMA as a valve train. The actuator EMA consists essentially of a closing magnet 2.1 and an opening magnet 2.2, between which an armature 1 is guided back and forth against the force of return springs RF, which are only schematically indicated here, in accordance with the energization of the electromagnets 2. The two possible switching positions of the gas exchange valve GWV forming the actuator are each defined here by the armature being in contact with one of the two electromagnets 2.
In Fig. 1 ist der Anker in seiner Zwischenstellung gezeigt, nachdem er durch Stromlossetzen des Schließmagneten 2.1 durch die Kraft der zugeordneten Feder RF 1 in Richtung auf den Öffnermagneten 2.2 bewegt wird.In Fig. 1 the armature is shown in its intermediate position after it is moved in the direction of the opening magnet 2.2 by releasing the closing magnet 2.1 by the force of the associated spring RF 1.
Nachstehend wird das Regelverfahren bei der Bestromung des Öffnermagneten 2.2 beschrieben, nachstehend nur noch durch das Bezugszeichen 2 gekennzeichnet, da die Bestromung des Schließmagneten 2.1 analog erfolgt. Der Bewegungsvorgang des Ankers 1 wird durch Bestromung des Magneten 2 gesteuert. Der Strom wird vom Stromregler 3 zur Verfügung gestellt, der seinerseits seine Befehle zur Bestromung von einer Motoi'steue- rung (ECU) 4 erhält. Mindestens die Ausschaltsignale für den Strom 6 werden dabei an den Stromregler geleitet. Es kann zusätzlich ein beispielsweise arbeitspunktabhängiger s-t-romsoll- wert 7 von der Motorsteuerung 4 vorgegeben werden.The control method for energizing the opening magnet 2.2 is described below, only identified by reference number 2 below, since the energization of the closing magnet 2.1 takes place analogously. The movement process of the Armature 1 is controlled by energizing the magnet 2. The current is made available by the current regulator 3, which in turn receives its commands for current supply from a motor control (ECU) 4. At least the switch-off signals for current 6 are passed to the current controller. In addition, an operating current-dependent setpoint value 7, which is dependent on the operating point, for example, can be specified by the engine control 4.
Mit einem Richtungserfassungssensor 8 wird über die Änderung der Ausrichtung des Feldlinienverlaufs des Steuerfeldes desA direction detection sensor 8 is used to change the orientation of the field line course of the control field
Elektromagneten 2 ein Signal in Abhängigkeit der siel-1 ändernden Ankerposition detektiert, das nach Auswertung durch die Signalaufbereitung 9 als Wegsignal 10 und/oder Geschvindig- keitssignal einer Wegregelungseinheit 12 zur Verfügung 9e~ stellt wird. Diese erzeugt das Steuersignal 13. Das Signal 10 muß nicht unbedingt exakt, also beispielsweise linear" den Weg oder die Geschwindigkeit wiedergeben, vielmehr reicht- jeweils ein Signal, das eine entsprechende Information über den Weg bzw. die Geschwindigkeit oder auch in bezug auf einen vorge- gebenen Abstand des Ankers 1 zur Polfläche des Elektromagneten 2 enthält. So ist also auch beispielsweise eine Meßeinrichtung denkbar, die das Wegsignal nichtlinear zur Verfügung stellt, also bei großer Annäherung des Ankers eine größere Wegabhängigkeit aufweist als bei weiter entferntem Anker.Electromagnet 2 detects a signal in dependence of the fell -1 changing anchor position, after evaluation by the signal conditioning 9 as a displacement signal 10 and / or Geschvindig- is keitssignal a Wegregelungseinheit 12 will provide 9 e ~. This generates the control signal 13. The signal 10 does not necessarily have to reproduce the path or the speed exactly, for example linearly " , rather a signal is sufficient in each case which provides corresponding information about the path or the speed or also in relation to one contains the given distance of the armature 1 to the pole face of the electromagnet 2. Thus, for example, a measuring device is also conceivable which provides the path signal non-linearly, that is, when the armature comes very close, it has a greater path dependency than when the armature is further away.
Weiterhin ist aber der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Weg und der Geschwindigkeit bekannt, da aufgrund der physikalischen Gesetze die Geschwindigkeit gerade die Ableitung des Weg s nach der Zeit darstellt. Somit erhält man die Möglichkeit über die beiden bekannten Zusammenhänge aus der Änderung der Ausrichtung des Magnetfeldes in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit sowohl auf den Weg und/oder die Position als auch auf die Geschwindigkeit schlußzufolgern.However, the relationship between the path and the speed is also known, because due to the physical laws, the speed represents the derivation of the path s over time. This gives the possibility of concluding the path and / or the position as well as the speed from the two known relationships from the change in the orientation of the magnetic field as a function of time.
Die in der Signalaufbereitung 9 gewonnenen Werte für die Änderung der Ausrichtung des Magnetfeldes und damit übe*" die Position des Ankers werden im Block "Wegregelung" 12 verar- beitet, so daß dann über den Stromregler 3 und dessen An- steuerung über die Motorsteuerung 4 die Bestromung der jeweils aktivierten Elektromagneten, hier des Elektromagneten 2.2, so geregelt werden kann, daß bei der Annäherung an die Polfläche auf den Anker 1 eine Magnetkraft wirkt, die so bemessen ist, daß der Anker letztendlich mit geringer Geschwindigkeit auftrifft.The data obtained in the signal processing 9 values for the change in orientation of the magnetic field and thus practicing * position control "12" the position of the armature in the block are "processed processes, so that the current supply to the respectively activated electromagnets, here the electromagnet 2.2, can then be regulated via the current regulator 3 and its control via the motor control 4 such that a magnetic force acts on the armature 1 when the pole face is approached, which is dimensioned such that the anchor ultimately hits at a low speed.
Fig. 2 und 3 zeigen schematisch den Elektromagneten 2 bei Be- Strömung seiner Spule 14, jedoch mit unterschiedlichen Abständen des Ankers 1 zur Polfläche 15. Hierbei ist das Magnetfeld 16 mit seinen Magnetlinien nur für den rechten Teil der Spule 14 'dargestellt .2 and 3 schematically show the electromagnet 2 when it flows through its coil 14, but at different distances from the armature 1 to the pole face 15. Here, the magnetic field 16 with its magnetic lines is only shown for the right part of the coil 14 ' .
Am Rand der Polfläche 15 weist das Magnetfeld 16 eine nach außen gerichtete Verzerrung in Form eines Streufeldes 17 auf. Eine Signifikanz der Ausrichtung des Streufeldes 17 ist im Bereich des Ankers 1 gegeben, da hier die Feldlinien des Streufeldes 17 praktisch senkrecht zur Bewegungsrichtung des Ankers (Pfeil 18) ausgerichtet sind. Wie der Vergleich vonAt the edge of the pole face 15, the magnetic field 16 has an outward distortion in the form of a stray field 17. The orientation of the stray field 17 is significant in the area of the armature 1, since the field lines of the stray field 17 are oriented practically perpendicular to the direction of movement of the armature (arrow 18). Like the comparison of
Fig. 2 und 3 erkennen läßt, bleibt diese Ausrichtung am Anker erhalten und zwar unabhängig vom Abstand des Ankers 1 zur Polfläche 15.2 and 3, this orientation is retained on the armature, regardless of the distance of the armature 1 to the pole face 15.
In den Fig. 4 und 5 sind in größerem Maßstab die in Fig. 2 und 3 mit IV bzw. V gekennzeichneten Bereiche dargestellt.4 and 5, the areas marked IV and V in FIGS. 2 and 3 are shown on a larger scale.
Bringt man im Bereich des Streufeldes 17 unmittelbar neben dem Bewegungsbereich des Ankers 1 einen Richtungserfassungs- sensor 8 an, beispielsweise einen GiantMagnetic-ResistanceIf a direction detection sensor 8, for example a GiantMagnetic Resistance, is attached in the area of the stray field 17 directly next to the movement area of the armature 1
Sensor, der so ausgebildet ist, daß er in einem großen Feldstärkebereich ein nur von der Magnetfeldrichtung abhängiges Signal abgibt. Der Absolutwert der Feldstärke ist dabei durch das spezielle Sensorprinzip nicht relevant. Damit ist auch eine Möglichkeit gegeben, über die sich ändernde Richtung des Magnetfeldes die Position des Ankers 1 gegenüber der Polfläche 15 zu erfassen. Dies ist aus dem Vergleich zwischen Fig. 4 und Fig. 5 ohne weiteres ersichtlich. Der Richtungserfassungssensor 8 ist hierbei zweckmäßigerweise so ausgestaltet, daß bei einer Durchflutung in Bewegungsrichtung 18 ein schwaches Signal und bei einer Durchflutung senkrecht zur Bewe- gungsrichtung 18 infolge der geänderten Durchflutungsrichtung und auch infolge des erhöhten magnetischen Flusses durch die Bündelung in diesem Bereich ein stärkeres Signal erzeugt wird. Dieses Signal kann dann, wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt, auf die Signalaufbereitung 9 aufgeschaltet und entsprechend zur Regelung der Bestromung des fangenden Elektromagneten 2 benutzt werden.Sensor that is designed so that it emits a signal that is only dependent on the magnetic field direction in a large field strength range. The absolute value of the field strength is not relevant due to the special sensor principle. This also gives the possibility of detecting the position of the armature 1 relative to the pole face 15 via the changing direction of the magnetic field. This is from the comparison between Fig. 4 and 5 are readily apparent. The direction detection sensor 8 is expediently designed in such a way that a flooding signal in the direction of movement 18 produces a weak signal and in the case of a flooding perpendicular to the direction of movement 18 due to the changed direction of flooding and also due to the increased magnetic flux due to the bundling in this area a stronger signal becomes. This signal can then, as shown in FIG. 1, be applied to the signal processor 9 and used accordingly to regulate the energization of the capturing electromagnet 2.
Wie Fig. 4 und 5 erkennen lassen, besteht ferner die Möglichkeit, durch die Vorgabe eines entsprechenden Abstandes a des Richtungserfassungssensors gegenüber der Ebene der Polfläche 15 auch noch den Punkt zu variieren, in dem eine maximale, senkrecht zur Bewegungsrichtung des Ankers ausgerichtete Durchflutung des Richtungserfassungssensors 8 erfolgt.As can be seen in FIGS. 4 and 5, there is also the possibility, by specifying a corresponding distance a of the direction detection sensor with respect to the plane of the pole face 15, to vary the point at which a maximum flow of the direction detection sensor oriented perpendicular to the direction of movement of the armature 8 takes place.
Während in der Regel die ankerwegabhängige Richtungsänderung laufend erfaßt und eine entsprechend fortlaufende Nachfüllung des Reglers erfolgt, kann je nach der Empfindlichkeit des verwendeten Richtungserfassungssensors auch als einmaliger Regeleingriff beim Erreichen eines Maximums ein Steuersignal ausgelöst werden. Oder aber es ist auch möglich, die Veränderung der Ausrichtung des Magnetfeldes in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit zu erfassen und hierüber nicht nur die Position bzw. den Abstand des Ankers gegenüber der Polfläche fortlaufend zu bestimmen, sondern auch noch eine Auswertung hinsichtlich der jeweiligen Ankergeschwindigkeit vorzunehmen.While the change in direction dependent on the anchor path is generally continuously detected and the controller continuously refilled accordingly, a control signal can also be triggered as a one-off control intervention when a maximum is reached, depending on the sensitivity of the directional detection sensor used. Or it is also possible to detect the change in the orientation of the magnetic field as a function of time and not only to continuously determine the position or the distance of the armature from the pole face, but also to carry out an evaluation with regard to the respective armature speed.
Bei der in Fig. 6 dargestellten Anordnung, die hinsichtlich der Position des Ankers 1 der Darstellung gemäß Fig. 4 entspricht, sind zwei Richtungserfassungssensoren 8.1 und 8.2 vorgesehen. Diese Sensoren sind so ausgebildet, daß sie jeweils das stärkste Signal dann abgeben, wenn sie senkrecht durchflutet werden. Dementsprechend sind die beiden Rieh- tungserfassungssensoren 8.1 und 8.2 unter einem rechten Winkel zueinander angeordnet, so daß der Richtungserfassungssensor 8.1 die Veränderung des Feldlinienverlaufs in der polflächenfernen Annäherungsphase des Ankers 1 zu erfassen vermag und die Änderung des Feldlinienverlaufs über den zweiten Richtungserfassungssensor 8.2 dann erfaßt wird, wenn sich der Anker 1 in der letzten Annäherungsphase zur Polfläche 15 befindet. Durch eine Verknüpfung der Signale beider Sensoren in der Signalaufbereitung 9 kann dann das entsprechende Stellsignal zur Aufschaltung auf die Wegregelungseinheit 12 erzeugt werden. Auch eine geringe noch vorhandene Stromabhängigkeit kann durch die Verwendung von zwei Sensoren durch Verknüpfung beider Signale, beispielsweise durch Quotientenbildung, kompensiert werden.In the arrangement shown in FIG. 6, which corresponds to the representation according to FIG. 4 with regard to the position of the armature 1, two direction detection sensors 8.1 and 8.2 are provided. These sensors are designed so that they emit the strongest signal when they are flooded vertically. Accordingly, the two cattle tion detection sensors 8.1 and 8.2 arranged at a right angle to each other so that the direction detection sensor 8.1 is able to detect the change in the field line course in the approach phase of the armature 1 remote from the pole face and the change in the field line course is detected via the second direction detection sensor 8.2 when the armature 1 is in the last phase of approach to the pole face 15. By linking the signals of both sensors in the signal processing unit 9, the corresponding actuating signal can then be generated for connection to the path control unit 12. Even a small current dependency can be compensated for by using two sensors by combining the two signals, for example by forming quotients.
In Fig. 7 ist schematisch ein Elektromagnet, beispielsweise der Elektromagnet 2.2 des Ausführungsbeispiels gemäß Fig. 1 dargestellt. Bei Elektromagneten dieser Bauform mit einem W-förmigen Jochkörper 2.3 ergeben sich aufgrund der Anordnung der als Ring ausgebildeten und in die Nuten des JochkörpersFIG. 7 schematically shows an electromagnet, for example electromagnet 2.2 of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1. In the case of electromagnets of this type with a W-shaped yoke body 2.3, the arrangement of the yoke body, which is designed as a ring, results in the grooves of the yoke body
2.3 eingelegten Spule 20 (der vordere Teil der Spule 20 ist hier weggeschnitten) die angedeuteten Verläufe der Feldlinien. Damit besteht die Möglichkeit, einen Richtungserfassungssensor 8 in den Jochkörper 2.3 in der dargestellten Weise zu integrieren und zwar dadurch, daß er auf der Polfläche 15 oder teilweise vertieft in die Polfläche 15 eingelassen angeordnet ist. Der Richtungserfassungssensor 8 überragt hierbei die Polfläche 15. Entsprechend ist im Anker 1 eine Ausnehmung 19 von entsprechender Größe angeordnet, die die erforderliche Verzerrung des Magnetfeldes nach Art eines Streufeldes bewirkt, so daß bei Annäherung des Ankers 1 und dem Eintauchen des Richtungserfassungssensors 8 in die Ausnehmung 19 die sich ergebende Richtungsänderung der Feldlinien erfaßbar wird. Wie aus der Zeichnung ersichtlich, ist der Richtungssensor 8, bezogen auf die Symmetrieebene des Jochkörpers 2.3, und die Ausnehmung 19 im Anker 1 entsprechend außermittig angeordnet, so daß bei einer Annäherung des Ankers 1 an die Polfläche 15 auch sichergestellt ist, daß der Richtungserfassungssensor 8 in jeder Position des Ankers durchflutet wird.2.3 inserted coil 20 (the front part of the coil 20 is cut away here) the indicated courses of the field lines. There is thus the possibility of integrating a direction detection sensor 8 into the yoke body 2.3 in the manner shown, namely by arranging it on the pole face 15 or partially recessed into the pole face 15. The direction detection sensor 8 projects above the pole face 15. Accordingly, a recess 19 of corresponding size is arranged in the armature 1, which causes the required distortion of the magnetic field in the manner of a stray field, so that when the armature 1 approaches and the direction detection sensor 8 is immersed in the recess 19 the resulting change in direction of the field lines can be detected. As can be seen from the drawing, the direction sensor 8, relative to the plane of symmetry of the yoke body 2.3, and the recess 19 in the armature 1 are arranged correspondingly off-center, so that when the armature 1 approaches the pole face 15 it is also ensured that the direction detection sensor 8 is flooded in every position of the anchor.
Die entsprechend der hier gegebenen Definition der Polfläche 15 jeweils zugeordnete zweite Schaltstellung kann nun entwe- der durch die unmittelbare Anlage des Ankers 1 auf der Polfläche 15 des jeweils fangenden Magneten gegeben sein. Es ist aber auch möglich, daß bei dem hier gegebenen Anwendungsbeispiel eines elektromagnetischen Aktuators zur Betätigung eines Gaswechselventils die zweite Schaltstellung bei der Funk- tion "Ventil schließen" bereits erreicht ist, wenn das Gaswechselventil an seiner Dichtfläche anliegt, der Anker 1 jedoch noch nicht die Polfläche des Schließmagneten 2.1 erreicht hat. Dies kann gegeben sein, wenn - wie in Fig. 1 angedeutet - der Führungsbolzen 1.1 geteilt ist und infolge ei- nes Ventilspiels sich der Anker 1 noch in Richtung auf die Polfläche des fangenden Elektromagneten - hier des Schließmagneten 2.1 - bewegt, während sich das Gaswechselventil bereits in Ruhe befindet. The second switching position assigned to the pole face 15 in accordance with the definition given here can now either be given by the direct contact of the armature 1 on the pole face 15 of the magnet in question. However, it is also possible that in the application example given here of an electromagnetic actuator for actuating a gas exchange valve, the second switch position for the function "close valve" has already been reached when the gas exchange valve rests on its sealing surface, but the armature 1 does not yet Has reached pole surface of the closing magnet 2.1. This can be the case if, as indicated in FIG. 1, the guide pin 1.1 is divided and, as a result of a valve clearance, the armature 1 still moves in the direction of the pole face of the catching electromagnet - here the closing magnet 2.1 - while the gas exchange valve is moving already at rest.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Verfahren zur Bewegungserkennung, insbesondere zur Regelung der Ankerauftreffgeschwindigkeit an einem elektromagne- tischen Aktuator, mit wenigstens einem Elektromagneten, der wenigstens eine Polfläche aufweist und mit einer steuerbaren Stromversorgung verbunden ist, und der einen Anker aufweist, der mit einem zu betätigenden Stellglied in Verbindung steht, welcher bei Stromzufuhr zum Elektromagneten gegen die Kraft einer Rückstellfeder aus einer ersten Schaltstellung in Richtung auf die Polfläche des Elektromagneten in eine durch der Polfläche zugeordneten zweiten Schaltstellung bewegbar ist, wobei über wenigstens einen dem Elektromagneten zugeordneten Richtungserfassungssensor die Ausrichtung eines sich bei der Annäherung des Ankers ändernden magnetischen Streufeldes erfaßt und entsprechend der Änderung der Ausrichtung ein Stellsignal für die Stromversorgung ausgelöst wird.1. Method for motion detection, in particular for controlling the armature impact speed on an electromagnetic actuator, with at least one electromagnet, which has at least one pole face and is connected to a controllable power supply, and which has an armature, which is connected to an actuator to be actuated stands, which can be moved from a first switching position in the direction of the pole face of the electromagnet into a second switching position assigned by the pole face when the current is supplied to the electromagnet against the force of a return spring, with the orientation of one of the electromagnets being aligned when the approach of the Armature changing stray magnetic field detected and a control signal for the power supply is triggered according to the change in orientation.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß über den Richtungserfassungssensor der Feldlinienverlauf des magnetischen Streufeldes seitlich neben der Polfläche erfaßt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the field line course of the magnetic stray field is detected laterally next to the pole face via the direction detection sensor.
3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch ge- kennzeichnet, daß wenigstens zwei Richtungserfassungssensoren in unterschiedlicher Ausrichtung zueinander und zum Feld des Elektromagneten vorgesehen sind. 3. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least two direction detection sensors are provided in different orientations to one another and to the field of the electromagnet.
PCT/EP2000/001546 1999-03-03 2000-02-25 Method for detecting an armature movement in an electromagnetic actuator WO2000052715A1 (en)

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JP2003180068A (en) * 2001-09-27 2003-06-27 Visteon Global Technologies Inc Electromechanical engine valve actuator system with reduced armature impact
US7030519B2 (en) 2002-11-20 2006-04-18 Maquet Critical Care Ab Electrodynamic actuator

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