Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D5/00—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems
  • F24D5/06—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems operating without discharge of hot air into the space or area to be heated
  • F24D5/10—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems operating without discharge of hot air into the space or area to be heated with hot air led through heat-exchange ducts in the walls, floor or ceiling
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
  • E04B5/48—Special adaptations of floors for incorporating ducts, e.g. for heating or ventilating

Definitions

• the invention relates to an arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1.
• the arrangement can be made either by mounting prefabricated whole plates of concrete or other suitable material, or by building the floor structure plate at the building site.
• the material on top of the floor structure should have good heat-conducting and heat-distributing characteristics, to obtain a good function and heat distribution.
• floor structures made of concrete are substantially used, which are often provided with some type of sound insulation on the top to achieve an acceptable sound level between the floors.
• floor structures of concrete have relative good air sound insulating characteristics, but relatively unsatisfactory step sound insulating characteristics.
• a mould Before casting, a mould should be mounted at the underside of the future concrete plate at site built floor structures. This mould must be supported underneath with so called braces and ledgers, which is a time consuming and expensive work and hinders passage.
• Tubes for ventilation, drain and water which should be placed horizontally in connection to the floor structure, must often be arranged or built-in under the floor structure in site built as well as in prefabricated floor structures. This is a cost raising action which also results in that the building height between the different floors in a building is negatively affected.
• the object of the invention is to solve the above mentioned problem in an effective way regarding economy and function, by making it possible to, in a site built floor structure, build in a floor heating system with air as heat carrier, where the risk of damages in the heating system through mechanical damage from the top and bottom respectively of the floor structure is eliminated, at the same time as a good heat distribution is achieved through that the top of the floor structure is provided with a concrete layer or other similar heat-conducting and heat-distributing material.
• the object is to make the heated air circulate in a closed cavity inside the floor structure, between a heat-insulating layer at the bottom of the floor structure and the heat-conducting layer at the top of the floor structure and to provide adaption to different sound demands between upper and lower floors will be adjusted by variation of the building height of the floor structure and the comprised material.
• the cavity between the bottom and top layer is divided by heat-insulating vertical insulations, which can correspond to the room partition in the upper floor.
• the air which is blown into the different insulated cavities in the floor structure could if desired, be heated to different temperatures by a simple adjustment via thermostats in the different upper rooms. This enables that desired temperature can be provided in these different rooms.
• the floor structure should be able to be built with a large span, similar to beam systems and prefabricated floor structure plates of concrete or other material that exist today, without using cost raising so called braces and ledgers.
• the object is also to be able to arrange the tubes for ventilation, drain and water inside the floor structure, between the heat-insulating layer at the bottom and the heat-conducting layer on top of the floor structure, with the same possibilities to easy reach for service and reparation as a separate substructure below the floor structure provides. This results in savings in material as well as in work cost.
• Fig. 1 shows a length section of a site built floor structure with supporting beam elements of steel, comprising a framework beam with flange 1 of angle iron and web of spar 2 and 3 of U-formed steel profile, which at its underside is provided with insulating material against heat, sound and fire 10 and 13, which is provided against a secondary beam of plate 11.
• Fig. 1 also shows a heat-conducting and heat-distributing material 14 on top of the floor structure.
• Fig. 2 shows a cross section of the supporting beam of the floor structure in Fig. 1, and how secondary beams 11 for the heat, sound and fire-insulating material 10 and 13 are arranged against the supporting framework beam by being rested on a vibration-absorbing and sound-insulating material 12.
• Fig. 3 shows a horizontal cut through the U-formed web of spars 2 and 3 between the heat- conducting material provided on top of the floor structure and the insulating material provided at the bottom of the floor structure.
• Fig. 4 shows a cross section of a special designed heating unit 5 which is built-in the floor structure and in which heating of air is made, which air is adapted to circulate in a closed cavity 4 in the floor structure.
• Fig. 5 shows a horizontal cut through the floor structure, with the special designed heating unit 5 and ducts 16 and 18 connected to it for air circulation in delimited sections of the floor structure.
• Fig. 6 shows a cross section in a larger scale of the lower portion of the framework beam in Fig. 2, where secondary beams 11 in an angle of 90° is connected and rested on the lower flanges 1 of the framework beam on a vibration and sound-insulating material 12.
• Fig. 7 shows a cross section of secondary beams 11 and fastening by means of screws of the underlying fire and sound-insulating material 13.
• Fig. 8 shows a cross section of the floor structure where it is provided with a vertical heat- insulation 17 to make individual regulation of the temperature within different insulated cavities possible.
• Fig. 9 is a diagram that shows the result of air sound measurement in a floor structure according to the invention, with in this case a 400 mm high framework beam and where the and sound insulating material at the bottom of the floor structure comprises 2 x 13 mm gypsum boards.
• Fig. 10 is a diagram that shows the result of a step sound measurement in a floor structure according to the invention, with in this case a 400 mm high framework beam, complemented with 18 mm plywood and 3 mm decibel mat on top of the floor structure and where the fire and sound-insulating material at the bottom of the floor structure comprises 2 x 13 mm gypsum boards.
• the invention relates to a site built floor structure with supporting beam elements and web of spar with an integrated heating system, with air as heat carrier, where the risk for damages on the heating system or damages from the heating system on adjacent sections of the building by mechanical effect from the underside as well as the upside of the floor structure is eliminated.
• the supporting portion of the floor structure is shown where the beam element in this example comprises a framework beam with flange of angle iron 1 and a web of spar of U-formed steel profiles 2 and 3, arranged so that the upper and lower portions of the beam comprise two flanges 1 , which are held in a distance and in connection with each other by several U-formed web of spars 2 and 3. See also Fig. 2, 3 and 6.
• the two flanges 1 at the upper and lower portion of the beam are made of angle iron, arranged and attached to both sides of the U-formed web of spars 2 and 3 according to Fig. 1-3 and 6.
• the fastening is done in such a way that the flanges 1 at the ends of the web of spar 2 constitute an angle of 90° in direction away from each other and turned so that the extending part of the flanges lies at the same level as the ends of the web of spars 2 according to Fig. 2.
• the U-formed web of spars (2) are arranged diagonally according to Fig. 1 and meets each other between the upper and lower according to Fig. 1. Where these web of spars 2 meets each other and are attached between the lower flanges 1 further U- formed web of spars 3 are arranged and attached between these lower and upper flanges 1 in such a way that they constitute an angle of 90° against the lower and upper flanges 1.
• Above described supporting portion of the floor structure can comprise of other suitable material and design suitable for the supporting function, provided in such a way that air can freely circulate in a cavity between the bottom and top portion of the beam element, which is held in a distance and in connection with each other through a web of spar.
• Support for the supporting framework beams according to Fig. 1, or other type of beam element or stiffening beam, during building process as well as after completion of the building, should only be those walls or other building elements which are intended as stationary element in the building after its completion, without using cost raising so called braces and ledgers during building.
• This heating unit is built-in in a plate box provided with double caps 6 on the top, between which a heat and sound insulated material 7 is provided.
• the plate box is mounted so that the upper cap lies in level with the finished floor surface on top of the floor structure according to Fig. 4.
• the sides of the plate box are provided with holes in the sides 8 and 9 and can be designed according to Fig. 4 and 5 for connection of the ducts 16 and 18 for transport of the air heated by the heating unit 5.
• the exhaust of warm air from the heating unit 5 out to the floor structure is performed by four of the total amount of eight holes 8 according to Fig. 4 and 5 and intake of air for reheating after having emitted heat to the floor structure is sucked in through the remaining four holes 9.
• the lower portion of the floor structure is provided with a suitable insulation material 10 according to Fig. 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 which is arranged on the secondary beams of plate 11 according to Fig. 1-4 and 6-8 or other suitable material and that these secondary beams 11 in turn are supported and connected in an angle of 90° according to Fig. 3 on the lower flanges 1 of the supporting framework beams or other suitable type of beam element on a layer of vibration and sound insulating material 12 according to Fig. 2 and 6.
• a suitable insulation material 10 according to Fig. 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 which is arranged on the secondary beams of plate 11 according to Fig. 1-4 and 6-8 or other suitable material and that these secondary beams 11 in turn are supported and connected in an angle of 90° according to Fig. 3 on the lower flanges 1 of the supporting framework beams or other suitable type of beam element on a layer of vibration and sound insulating material 12 according to Fig. 2 and 6.
• the secondary beams 11 are made of plate and are mounted at a c/c distance of 400 mm. They are formed with a vertical web and in their lower part provided with horizontal flanges according to Fig. 7 for support of the insulating material 10, which in this case consists of a 120 mm mineral wool with a density of 28 kg/m 3 .
• the bottom of the floor structure is provided with a fire and sound insulating material 13 according to Fig. 1, 2, 4 and 6-8 which is screwed into the secondary beams 11 according to Fig. 7, which results in that these secondary beams 11 including the insulating material, with respect to heat and sound 10, as well as said material underneath against fire and sound 13, will only be applied to the supporting floor structure construction by resting on the vibration and sound-insulating material 12 according to Fig. 2 and 6.
• the upper portion of the floor structure is provided with a heat-conducting and heat-distributing material 14 according to Fig. 1, 2, 4 and 8. Together with the heat-insulating material 10 in the lower portion of the floor structure, this leads to that heat from the circulating warm air from the heating unit 5 according to Fig. 4 and 5 is guided upwards and equally distributed through the heat- conducting and heat-distributing material 14 to the upper floor.
• the heat-conducting and heat-distributing material 14 consist of a thin layer of concrete which is casted on top of a 0,85 mm profiled steel plate 15 according to Fig. 1, 2, 4 and 8 which is mounted with the profiles perpendicular on top of the supporting framework beams and which is dimensioned both as supporting part during the casting process and as bottom reinforcement after completion of the floor structure. Where it is needed for the static dimensioning, it is complemented by top reinforcement.
• the length of the ducts are adjusted according to the partition of rooms in the upper floor where individual temperatures are desired.
• One or several of the four ducts 16 for exhaust of warm air according to Fig. 5, may be arranged below the respective room in the cavity of the floor structure between the heat-insulating material 10 at the bottom and the heat-conducting material 14 at the top, depending on size and calculated need of capacity in the upper rooms.
• each heating unit 5 can cover the capacity needed in one or several rooms in the upper floor.
• the cavity is divided between the heat-insulating material 10 at the bottom and the heat-conducting and heat-distributing material 14 at the top of the floor structure with vertical insulations 17 according to Fig. 8 of a heat- insulating material with the same partition as the rooms in the upper floor where individual temperature is desired.
• the duct or ducts 16 aimed for blowing warm air into the cavities in the floor structure divided by insulations, are drawn from the heating unit 5 according to Fig. 4 and 5 up to and through the vertical heat-insulations 17 according to Fig. 8.
• a duct or ducts 18, according to Fig. 5 for exhausting the air that has been blown into the cavity, have been drawn from the heating unit 5 and through the vertical insulations to the cavities in the floor structure, in the same way as exemplified in Fig. 8.
• the thinner curve shows the measured values according to the columns to the right in the diagram, while the thicker curve is a reference curve for air sounds.
• the air sound measurement is made according to ISO 140-4.
• the summarized reduction number R'w and the adjustment term C 50 . 3150 are defined according SS-EN ISO 717-1.
• Fig. 10 it is clear that measured value of the step sound level of the preferred embodiment with the same height of the framework beam as above, complemented with 18 mm plywood and 3 mm decibel mat on top of the floor structure and where the fire and sound-insulating material on the underside of the floor structure consist of 2 x 13 mm gypsum boards, gave a L'n,w + C 50 . 25 oo equal to 56 dB, where C, - 2 dB.
• This value fulfils the demands on step sound-insulation class C, in space in housing room from another space outside according to the Swedish standard SS 02 52 67.
• the sound class C corresponds to sound conditions which act as minimum demands in Swedish buildings.
• the measurements regard a room volume of 24,4 m 3 .
• the thinner curve in the diagram shows the measured values according to the columns to the right in the diagram, while the thicker curve is a reference curve for air sounds.
• Normalized step sound level L'n,w and the adjustment term C 1 50 _ 2500 are defined according SS-EN ISO 717-2.
• the invention may also be used in other types of floor structure constructions than the one described here for exemplification of the invention.

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Cited By (15)

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• 1999
  • 1999-02-03 SE SE9900359A patent/SE9900359D0/sv unknown
• 2000
  • 2000-02-03 EP EP00906838A patent/EP1157172A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2000-02-03 WO PCT/SE2000/000212 patent/WO2000046457A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2000-02-03 AU AU28395/00A patent/AU2839500A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-02-03 JP JP2000597509A patent/JP2002536615A/ja active Pending

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