WO2000046144A1 - Dispositif de distribution d'un liquide a partir d'une bouteille - Google Patents
Dispositif de distribution d'un liquide a partir d'une bouteille Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000046144A1 WO2000046144A1 PCT/FR2000/000273 FR0000273W WO0046144A1 WO 2000046144 A1 WO2000046144 A1 WO 2000046144A1 FR 0000273 W FR0000273 W FR 0000273W WO 0046144 A1 WO0046144 A1 WO 0046144A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cartridge
- liquid
- receiving device
- orifice
- valve
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
- B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B67D3/00—Apparatus or devices for controlling flow of liquids under gravity from storage containers for dispensing purposes
- B67D3/04—Liquid-dispensing taps or cocks adapted to seal and open tapping holes of casks, e.g. for beer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
- B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B67D1/00—Apparatus or devices for dispensing beverages on draught
- B67D1/08—Details
- B67D1/0829—Keg connection means
- B67D1/0831—Keg connection means combined with valves
- B67D1/0835—Keg connection means combined with valves with one valve
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
- B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B67D3/00—Apparatus or devices for controlling flow of liquids under gravity from storage containers for dispensing purposes
- B67D3/0029—Apparatus or devices for controlling flow of liquids under gravity from storage containers for dispensing purposes provided with holders for bottles or similar containers
- B67D3/0032—Apparatus or devices for controlling flow of liquids under gravity from storage containers for dispensing purposes provided with holders for bottles or similar containers the bottle or container being held upside down and provided with a closure, e.g. a cap, adapted to cooperate with a feed tube
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for direct or indirect and controlled distribution of a liquid from a bottle called a dispenser or fountain.
- the design of traditional fountains is based either on the adaptation of specific containers, with specific tablets or caps without combining the autonomous functions of air intake, flow and distribution control, or on a direct connection to a water or liquid network, not offering the double possibility of direct distribution from a bottle with standardized neck and indirect distribution when the device is completed, for example, a refrigeration or heating system while being easily adaptable to the majority of standardized format bottles.
- bottles of mineral water and various liquids of an increasingly large volume bottles of water of five liters, one gallon, ten liters, with relatively high weight and sometimes suffering from too much flow due to their wide neck.
- No system can, for example, easily adapt to date all the bottles of mineral or spring water available in supermarkets, in order to offer the same service regardless of the consumer's choice.
- the existing fountain systems are not particularly designed for light and individual use and are limited to a specific use.
- Traditional devices cannot simultaneously offer possible use directly from the bottle, and, indirectly, when supplemented, for example, with a device for refrigerating or heating the liquid, and are not easily adaptable economically to all sorts of bottles, however, mostly standardized, available in supermarkets.
- the device according to the invention proposes to remedy these aforementioned drawbacks by simple, reliable, economical and easy to implement means.
- the device according to the invention is in the form of a cartridge with a valve which can be opened by simple pressure, comprising simple means of adaptations, interchangeability, sealing and attachment to one or more types of necks of standardized formats, autonomous means for controlling the air intake (pressure) during the drawing of the liquid, autonomous means for regulating the flow and retention of this liquid and of a receiving and controlling element, firmly holding the cartridge and providing the means to control its distribution either directly, or indirectly, when the device according to the invention is inserted into another complementary system such as a refrigeration or heating system.
- a dispenser or fountain is in the form of a cartridge with a valve which can be opened by simple pressure, comprising simple means of adaptations, interchangeability, sealing and attachment to one or more types of necks of standardized formats, autonomous means for controlling the air intake (pressure) during the drawing of the liquid, autonomous means for regulating the flow and retention of this liquid and of a receiving and controlling element, firmly holding the cartridge and providing the means to control its distribution either directly, or indirectly, when the device according to the invention is inserted
- the means of interchangeability, sealing and fixing of the cartridge to one or more types of standardized bottle necks consist of at least one easily adaptable or changeable element, which can be in the form of a double stopper integrating the passage of the liquid in the cartridge, fixing both on the neck and on the cartridge case and comprising one or more of a tight adaptation concentrically disposed or juxtaposed on the same support making the cartridge adaptable to various types of bottlenecks.
- the means for controlling the air supply are provided by one or more permanent ventilation orifices supplying an air pocket retained between a membrane - located between the part attaching to the neck and the rest of the housing, and a flexible device acting as an air valve allowing only the passage of air to the bottle, by suction during the drawing of the liquid.
- the means for controlling the flow rate of the liquid are provided by at least one membrane comprising at least one orifice or tube regulating the flow rate of the liquid leaving the neck of the bottle and at least one orifice allowing the air to rise.
- the autonomous means for retaining the liquid and for controlling its distribution consist of at least one element acting as a valve retaining the liquid in complete sealing in the "closed” position, pressed against the open end of the base.
- the device comprises one or more elements ensuring the reception of the cartridge, maintaining it firmly in the vertical position, favoring the aeration of the cartridge and ensuring the active or passive distribution controls.
- the combination and combination of the preceding characteristics advantageously allow a double possibility of distribution which can either be direct from the liquid from the cartridge, or indirect from a complementary device with a semi-closed circuit such as a refrigeration or heating, while autonomously regulating and controlling the flow of liquid and the arrival of air.
- the cartridge receiving device can offer in one piece a distribution control assembly such as a lever, only attached by a hinge zone of lesser thickness, comprising the element necessary to lift the valve inside the cartridge, tubular protuberance surmounting the central orifice for distributing the handle, and one or two control means in the form of a front pressure button and a tongue situated behind the orifice of distribution, one being actuated by the finger, the other by a container such as a glass, all of which can be produced in a single molding operation, in particular for plastic injection.
- the dispensing control device normally located on the device intended to receive the cartridge, can be directly located on the cartridge making it entirely autonomous.
- the dispensing device comprises the means necessary for several types of applications such as, for example, its adaptation to a wall-mounted dispenser of antiseptic liquid for bathrooms (mouthwash).
- FIG. 1 represents, in section, an example of the three essential assemblies of the device of the invention: the cartridge, the device for receiving the cartridge and an example of an opening system with manual control.
- Figure 2 shows, in section, a variant of the valve.
- Figure 3 shows, in section, a variant of the cartridge and the opening system.
- Figure 4 shows another variant of the opening system.
- FIG. 5 represents, in section, a variant of the device for receiving the cartridge and another variant of the opening system.
- FIG. 6 represents, in section, another variant of the device for receiving the cartridge and an application of the device of the invention: wall-mounted dispenser for mouthwash liquid.
- the entire dispenser or fountain is in the form of a cartridge (A) adaptable to one or more bottles with necks (2) of standardized format and of a reception and control device ( B), maintaining the cartridge (A), allowing the air intake (5) and offering the means for easy distribution of the liquid.
- the means of interchangeability, sealing and fixing of the cartridge (A) to one or more types of standardized bottle necks (2) consist of at least one element (1, 1 a) easily adaptable or changeable, can be in the form of a double plug (1a) integrating the passage (3b) of the liquid in the cartridge (A), fixing both on the neck (2) and on the housing of the cartridge (1) and comprising one or more of a suitable fixing means (18, 18a, 18b) (striations, no screw, no truncated screw, etc.), concentrically disposed or juxtaposed on the same support called membrane ( 3), thus receiving one or more of a type of neck (2) sliding in complete tightness in a location (3d) slightly flared provided in the support (3) if necessary assisted by a fine additional sealing edge.
- the means for supplying and controlling the arrival of air during the drawing of the liquid are provided by one or more permanent ventilation orifices (5) supplying an air pocket (4) retained between a membrane (3) - located between the part attaching to the neck (1a) and the rest of the housing (1), and a flexible device (15, 15a) acting as an air valve (15, 15a) allowing only the passage of air (4a, 3b) towards the bottle by the suction created during the drawing of the liquid while isolating the air pocket (4) from the liquid.
- the cartridge (A) comprises the means for controlling the flow of the liquid which are provided by at least one membrane (3) included in the element for fixing to the neck (1a) or inserted in a cavity (20) of the housing (1) of the cartridge (1) thanks to at least one orifice or tube (3a) regulating the flow of the liquid leaving the neck (2) of the bottle and at least one orifice (3e) allowing the air to rise.
- the means for retaining the liquid and for controlling its distribution consist of at least one element acting as a water valve (7) retaining the liquid tightly in the "closed” position, pressed against the nozzle. open from the base of the cartridge (6) of which it follows the forms by the pressure of the liquid or under the additional permanent pressure of any flexible device (8) (thin plastic or spring strips, for example) releasing the liquid that when it is pushed towards the inside of the cartridge (A), the base of the valve (7) having a shape allowing it both to hold securely in the cartridge (A) and to slide vertically towards the inside of this one (of form which can be, for example, tetrahedral, spherical, pyramidal, conical, or in the shape of “T” (13) or of “Y”), the smallest end downwards, exceeding or not of l end piece (6) which can be extended by a tube used for times to precisely guide its movement in a passage of the receiving device (B) provided for this purpose and to guide the liquid which penetrates it through lateral
- the complementary device (B) ensures the reception of the cartridge (A), keeping it in a vertical position thanks to a receptacle (9) which follows its shapes while leaving free passage upon arrival of air (5), ensuring the controls (10, 10a, 12,12a, 12b) in an active or passive manner when the distribution controls are intended to act in delayed mode on the same device or when the latter is intended to be inserted in an additional device with its own distribution controls.
- the part of the cartridge (1a) attaching to the neck (2) is independent. It can have the shape of a double stopper with normal sealing characteristics (3d) and can be fixed both on one side on the neck (2) and on the other side, on the cartridge case ( 1), with a lower surface whose shape is adapted to include an air pocket (4), the necessary vents (5) and the passage of air to the bottle (4a, 3b).
- This independent part of the cartridge (1a) can also have one or more juxtaposed adaptations (3d, 18a and 18b) to different diameters of bottle necks (1, 51 and 5 liters for example) concentrically arranged on the same support acting as membrane (3) and with the same central tubular orifice (3a).
- the control of the air intake is obtained by a thin washer (15a) of flexible or flexible material inserted between the housing (1) and the independent part for fixing (1a) to the neck (2 ) ensuring both the sealing of the cartridge and the control of air intake.
- this washer (15a) will also preserve, like a peripheral membrane around the axis of circulation of the liquid, the air pocket (4) by a circular contact located near the flow orifice (3a).
- the cartridge (1) can be fixed directly to a neck (2).
- An open diaphragm with an orifice or central tube (3), inserted into the cartridge housing (1) then has two flexible and domed upper crowns (14), the larger one ensuring the sealing and exerting a pressure to maintain the inside the neck, the other smaller strengthening the seal at the end of the neck (2). It also has a finely ventilated lower crown (15) at its intersection (3e) with the membrane (3) to ensure the ascent of the air during the drawing of the liquid and joining an edge (22) of the wall of the cartridge ( 1) to protect the air pocket (4) and the orifice (s) of the cartridge (5).
- a set of thin and long flexible strips, a spring or any device (8) holds the water valve (7) at the bottom of the nozzle of the cartridge (6).
- the cartridge housing (1) can be flared in its rim (17), then present, inside fine grooves (18) to grip the neck (2), failing a suitable thread, then be curved inward (19) to the location of the end of the neck (2) in order to participate in sealing. It comprises the peripheral cavities (20 and 21) and border (22) necessary for the insertion of the membranes and the protection of the air pocket (4) and of the orifice or ventilation orifices (5).
- the tip of the cartridge (6) meets the sealing requirements for the operation of the water valve (7) and follows its shapes.
- a second orifice membrane or central tube (16) can be provided to direct the liquid and hold, with its thin flexible strips or spring (8), the valve (7) at the bottom of the end of the cartridge (6).
- Each of these membranes (3 or 16) and their characteristics can be made of plastic in a single injection molding operation.
- the latter can offer all the autonomous control and distribution elements including, in one piece, and only attached by a hinge zone of lesser thickness ( 9a), the distribution control assembly such as a lever (12) comprising the element necessary to lift the valve (7) inside the cartridge (A) - tubular protuberance (10a) surmounting the orifice central distribution (11a) of the lever (12), and one or two control means in the form of a front pressure button (12a) and a tongue (12b) located behind the distribution orifice (11a ), one being actuated by the finger, the other by a container such as a glass, all of which can be produced in a single molding operation, in particular for plastic injection.
- the distribution control assembly such as a lever (12) comprising the element necessary to lift the valve (7) inside the cartridge (A) - tubular protuberance (10a) surmounting the orifice central distribution (11a) of the lever (12), and one or two control means in the form of a front pressure button (12a) and a tongue (12b) located behind the distribution orific
- this can be in the form of a handle with closing end piece (23) held at a hinge pin (24) by perforated tabs (25), or constituted an area of reduced thickness (plastic under injection).
- This axis (24) is located above the level and near the dispensing orifice (11) so that the closing end piece (26), as well as the end of the orifice (11) are , at the shortest, at the tangent of the convolution around this axis.
- the closing end piece (26) sealingly enters the orifice of the cartridge receiving device (11) which then has the slightly conical end and at the rounded edge.
- the closure end piece (26) is hollow and also slightly conical and rounded in shape.
- the pressure required for closure is provided by a flexible device (27) located near the axis (24) (steel strip, plastic tab provided in the body of the cartridge receiving device or the like).
- the handle with closing end piece (23) has a shape such that, as soon as it is pushed from a cup (28) or any other container, the axis perpendicular to the orifice (11) is completely clear of any obstacle for good flow.
- this can be in the form of a tongue (29) which slides in an appropriate channel (30). It has at one end an orifice (31) roughly equal to that of the cartridge receiving device (11) and, at the other end, a projection (32) retaining the spring (33) which causes the closure ( offset of the orifices).
- the spring (33) is inserted into a cylindrical cavity of the cartridge receiving device (34).
- the opening (juxtaposition of all the orifices) is obtained by pressing on an adjoining lever (35) or on a simple button (not illustrated) in extension of the tongue then passing through the cartridge receiving device (9) and the support (36) if there is one.
- the cartridge device (1) with the exception of the valve (7) can be an integral part of the cartridge receiving device (B) fitted with its system opening (12) which will then be fixed upside down on the bottle before being turned over.
- the device for receiving the cartridge (9), the support (36) and the opening mechanism (12) are here the subject of a coherent and complementary assembly in that they include original shapes for a specific casing.
- the cartridge receiving device (9) is composed of a lower part (37) which fits under the upper part (38), the two parts marrying at the bottom and at the top the flared shapes of the support (36) ( conical spherical, tetrahedral or pyramidal) up to the narrowest internal perimeter of the latter so that the respective cavity (39) and border (40) interlock at this level (lateral pressure on the support).
- the foot (41) of the upper part (38) in extension of this perimeter rests on a seat (42) of the lower part (37).
- the orifices or distribution tubes (11) of the parts of the cartridge receiving device (37 and 38) coincide.
- a channel (30) for the tongue (29), necessary lateral orifices, a cylindrical cavity (34) for holding the spring (33), or perforated tabs (25) and flexible tongue (27) for the articulation and the maintenance of the handle with closing end piece (23) are provided.
- the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown by way of examples, but it also includes all the technical equivalents and their combinations.
- the device according to the invention can be easily adapted to all bottles of spring water and mineral water on the market, whatever their sizes and volumes (11, 1, 51, 21, 51, etc.) and can also apply for the service of various sugary drinks, wines or hot drinks in insulated bottles (receptions). Transforming all bottles into real bottles for small individual fountains usable in the office, at home or in very small commercial, associative or liberal structures, for example.
- the device according to the invention can be easily integrated into a complementary refrigeration or heating device, since it provides its own regulation of the flow rate of the liquid and the arrival of air without any additional adaptation necessary, otherwise a simple receiving device. It can also, with suitable sizes and shapes, on a stand or on a wall, be adapted to hygiene for antiseptic liquids (Figure 6: mouthwashes in the bathroom or household tasks: liquid detergent or liquid dispenser softening.
- the cartridge and the cartridge receiving device can be made of plastic such as various polymers or synthetic resins, or any other material suitable for molding such as aluminum, stainless steel, etc. or by combining them.
- the cartridge receiving device can be easily integrated into all kinds of supports, light, portable or more substantial while allowing great freedom of design.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
- Devices For Dispensing Beverages (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU23029/00A AU2302900A (en) | 1999-02-04 | 2000-02-04 | Device for dispensing liquid from a bottle |
EP00901719A EP1073605A1 (fr) | 1999-02-04 | 2000-02-04 | Dispositif de distribution d'un liquide a partir d'une bouteille |
CA002368231A CA2368231A1 (fr) | 1999-02-04 | 2000-02-04 | Dispositif de distribution d'un liquide a partir d'une bouteille |
US09/647,738 US6397908B1 (en) | 1999-02-04 | 2000-02-04 | Device for dispensing liquid from a bottle |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9901316A FR2789378B1 (fr) | 1999-02-04 | 1999-02-04 | Dispositif pour distribuer un liquide a partir d'une bouteille, a controle manuel, pouvant etre appele fontaine induviduelle ou distributeur selon la nature du liquide |
FR99/01316 | 1999-02-04 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000046144A1 true WO2000046144A1 (fr) | 2000-08-10 |
Family
ID=9541615
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2000/000273 WO2000046144A1 (fr) | 1999-02-04 | 2000-02-04 | Dispositif de distribution d'un liquide a partir d'une bouteille |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6397908B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1073605A1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2302900A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2368231A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2789378B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2000046144A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2838731A1 (fr) * | 2002-04-22 | 2003-10-24 | Jean Christophe Pierr Bretelle | Dispositif qui permet de consommer des boissons conditionnees dans n'importe quel type de bouteille de volume inferieur a 18,9 litres, par l'intermediaire d'une fontaine dite "a bonbonne" |
FR2846634A1 (fr) * | 2002-10-31 | 2004-05-07 | Yves Guy Buchs | Dispositif de distribution d'un liquide a partir d'une bouteille. |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060043051A1 (en) * | 2002-07-11 | 2006-03-02 | Bissett Andrew S | Fast fit bottle mount |
WO2009019610A2 (fr) * | 2007-08-06 | 2009-02-12 | Ds Smith Plastics Limited | Dispositif de distribution |
FR3006967A1 (fr) * | 2013-06-14 | 2014-12-19 | Valeo Systemes Dessuyage | Recipient de fluide lave-glace, organe destine a etre relie a ce recipient et dispositif comprenant les dits recipient et organe |
CN205214988U (zh) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-05-11 | 博西华电器(江苏)有限公司 | 饮料机 |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE875456C (de) * | 1951-08-17 | 1953-05-04 | Kurt Janowsky | Vorrichtung zum Ausschank von Fluessigkeiten aus Flaschen |
DE8809596U1 (de) * | 1988-07-27 | 1988-09-15 | Bosch-Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH, 8000 München | Zapfventil, insbesondere zur Ausgabe von Getränken |
US4903742A (en) * | 1988-10-11 | 1990-02-27 | Gagnon Paul L | Liquid dispensing apparatus bottle valve |
DE9401797U1 (de) * | 1994-02-03 | 1994-04-21 | Reidel, Hermann, 63791 Karlstein | Verschluß |
US5332127A (en) * | 1990-10-10 | 1994-07-26 | White Jonathan Z | Vented liquid dispenser and attachment cap therefor |
US5431205A (en) * | 1993-10-08 | 1995-07-11 | Gebhard; Albert W. | Dispensing system for bottled liquids |
US5848736A (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 1998-12-15 | Boumann; Pete A. | Beverage dispenser |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2801032A (en) * | 1955-06-09 | 1957-07-30 | Owen F Hall | Dispensing valve units |
US5042698A (en) * | 1990-03-02 | 1991-08-27 | Eric Fessell | Easy pour spout |
-
1999
- 1999-02-04 FR FR9901316A patent/FR2789378B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-02-04 EP EP00901719A patent/EP1073605A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-02-04 CA CA002368231A patent/CA2368231A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2000-02-04 WO PCT/FR2000/000273 patent/WO2000046144A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-02-04 AU AU23029/00A patent/AU2302900A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-02-04 US US09/647,738 patent/US6397908B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE875456C (de) * | 1951-08-17 | 1953-05-04 | Kurt Janowsky | Vorrichtung zum Ausschank von Fluessigkeiten aus Flaschen |
DE8809596U1 (de) * | 1988-07-27 | 1988-09-15 | Bosch-Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH, 8000 München | Zapfventil, insbesondere zur Ausgabe von Getränken |
US4903742A (en) * | 1988-10-11 | 1990-02-27 | Gagnon Paul L | Liquid dispensing apparatus bottle valve |
US5332127A (en) * | 1990-10-10 | 1994-07-26 | White Jonathan Z | Vented liquid dispenser and attachment cap therefor |
US5431205A (en) * | 1993-10-08 | 1995-07-11 | Gebhard; Albert W. | Dispensing system for bottled liquids |
DE9401797U1 (de) * | 1994-02-03 | 1994-04-21 | Reidel, Hermann, 63791 Karlstein | Verschluß |
US5848736A (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 1998-12-15 | Boumann; Pete A. | Beverage dispenser |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2838731A1 (fr) * | 2002-04-22 | 2003-10-24 | Jean Christophe Pierr Bretelle | Dispositif qui permet de consommer des boissons conditionnees dans n'importe quel type de bouteille de volume inferieur a 18,9 litres, par l'intermediaire d'une fontaine dite "a bonbonne" |
FR2846634A1 (fr) * | 2002-10-31 | 2004-05-07 | Yves Guy Buchs | Dispositif de distribution d'un liquide a partir d'une bouteille. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2368231A1 (fr) | 2000-08-10 |
AU2302900A (en) | 2000-08-25 |
EP1073605A1 (fr) | 2001-02-07 |
FR2789378A1 (fr) | 2000-08-11 |
FR2789378B1 (fr) | 2002-01-18 |
US6397908B1 (en) | 2002-06-04 |
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