WO2000034722A1 - Snow making machine - Google Patents

Snow making machine Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2000034722A1
WO2000034722A1 PCT/GB1999/004056 GB9904056W WO0034722A1 WO 2000034722 A1 WO2000034722 A1 WO 2000034722A1 GB 9904056 W GB9904056 W GB 9904056W WO 0034722 A1 WO0034722 A1 WO 0034722A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
snow
collecting means
flow
cooled
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1999/004056
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Malcolm George Clulow
David Frederick Winnett
Original Assignee
Acer Snowmec Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Acer Snowmec Limited filed Critical Acer Snowmec Limited
Priority to AU15739/00A priority Critical patent/AU1573900A/en
Publication of WO2000034722A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000034722A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C3/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow
    • F25C3/04—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow for sledging or ski trails; Producing artificial snow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C2303/00—Special arrangements or features for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Special arrangements or features for producing artificial snow
    • F25C2303/046—Snow making by using low pressure air ventilators, e.g. fan type snow canons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C2303/00—Special arrangements or features for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Special arrangements or features for producing artificial snow
    • F25C2303/048—Snow making by using means for spraying water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C2303/00—Special arrangements or features for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Special arrangements or features for producing artificial snow
    • F25C2303/048—Snow making by using means for spraying water
    • F25C2303/0481—Snow making by using means for spraying water with the use of compressed air

Definitions

  • This invention relates to snow making machines and a snow making method whereby snow is made in a confined space.
  • the invention provides a method of making snow including creating a closed environment, cooling air within the environment, creating a flow of cooled air through the environment, spraying a jet of fine water spray into the flow of cooled air whereby to form snow particles in the flow of cooled air, and providing collecting means downstream of the spray of water on which the snow particles are collected, the collected snow particles being released from the collecting means to pass towards a discharge outlet from the closed environment, the air being cooled to a temperature below the freezing point of water before reaching the water spray.
  • the invention provides a snow making machine which comprises a closed environment defined by a housing, cooling means for cooling a flow of air, fan means for generating a flow of cooled air within the housing, the flow of air being directed from an outlet opening, water spray means for spraying at least one jet of fine water spray adjacent the outlet opening, and collecting means downstream of the outlet opening, the cooled air and the water spray interacting to produce snow for collection on the collecting means, and the collected snow being released from the collecting means and discharged from the housing through a housing outlet.
  • the air is cooled to well below the freezing point of water, for example - 10°C and the air discharged from the outlet opening is at less that 100% humidity, for example between 50% and 100% humidity.
  • the collecting means is porous and formed of sheets or strips of fibrous material, for example fibreglass. Further or other collecting means may be provided in the form of vertically arranged tubes of fabric material, the airflow passing through the walls of the tubes. After collection on the collecting means the snow may be discharged under gravity with or without agitation of the collecting means.
  • the airflow within the housing is cooled by the cooling means which may include the use of either a primary or a secondary refrigerant.
  • a primary refrigerant may include direct evaporation of a liquid to release its latent energy and may involve a closed loop system in which the refrigerant is recycled or a total loss refrigerant such as nitrogen released into the flow of air.
  • a secondary refrigerant may be a coolant fluid which is cooled by a separate primary refrigerant and does not necessarily change state and uses sensible energy.
  • the flow of cold air through the outlet normally is caused by a fan, the air being circulated through a cooling coil by the fan and discharged as cooled air through a high velocity nozzle at for example a speed of lOm/sec.
  • Fig 1 is a diagrammatic cross-section through a snow making machine
  • Fig 2 is a diagrammatic cross-section showing the air and water discharge region of the machine.
  • the machine comprises an insulated housing 10 which may be of relatively compact size, for example a rectangular section housing of some 1 metre square extending over a length of some 2 metres.
  • the housing 10 includes a duct 11 through which air is drawn, cooled and discharged by fan means 12.
  • the duct 11 has an inlet 13 at one end of the housing 10, a region or chamber 14 in which snow is made and an outlet 15 from which snow is discharged.
  • Air is recirculated through the housing and cooling of the air takes place over cooling coils 16 fed with refrigerant from a refrigeration source 17.
  • a primary refrigerant such as nitrogen is evaporated to provide cooling of the air and the resulting gas flows with the air through the housing.
  • the fan means 12 directs a flow of cooled, dry air from the cooling coils 16 along an outlet nozzle 18 for discharge into the region 14.
  • Water spray jets 19 are located to the sides and downstream of the nozzle 18 to direct a fine spray of water into the airflow of cold dry air.
  • the air and water spray in the region 14 mixes and creates vortices in which the water spray is cooled and forms into snow particles.
  • Atomised water discharged into the plume of air produces vortices within the mixing chamber 14 which results in the reintroduction of snow particles into the plume enlarging the snow particles.
  • the water spray is of fine size with droplets ranging from 5 to 200 microns in size and the smaller particles act as nucleators whilst the larger particles provide the bulk for the growth of the snow crystals.
  • the snow guns can be set to produce the same or different particle size ranges.
  • Atomisation of the water can be by the use of compressed air as an internal or external mix nozzle, or by the use of high pressure water. Alternatively ultrasonic devices may be used to produce the fine spray.
  • the spray pattern is designed to allow the mixing of the water particles in the cold air discharge in the region 14.
  • One of the water sprays may be fitted with an electrostatic charging ring whilst the other spray is connected to earth at the zero polarity or to an appropriate polarity to the discharge ring.
  • electrostatic charges to the particles leaving the snow guns is caused thus accelerating the growth of crystals within the mixing region 14.
  • the arrangement may incorporate a changeover device which may be cycled or pulsed to prevent the opposite charge particles from adhering to the charging rings.
  • a single spray discharge nozzle may be provided with or without a pulsating charging device.
  • Snow particles produced within the region 14 are collected on primary collectors 21 as a result of the airflow and a change of air direction, the collectors being located downstream of the region 14.
  • the collectors 21 may be formed of sheets or strips of fibreglass located in an upright position which provide a porous construction through which the air can pass. Larger snow crystals collected fall under gravity from the collectors 21 and the smaller snow particles adhere until their size is increased to a size at which they discharge from the collectors under gravity with the help of movement of the collectors 21. Such movement may be due to the airflow over the collectors or may include mechanical assistance, such as movement of the collectors, to release the snow.
  • a second collection unit 22 which comprises a series of filter separators in the form of upright sleeves or tubes, the air passing into the tubes and through the walls of the tubes.
  • the tubes may be formed of fabric made of, for example, non-stick material such as Teflon. Snow collected on the tubes is then released under gravity or the tubes are shaken to dislodge the snow. Larger snow crystals pass along the tubes and are discharged by gravity from the outlet 15.
  • the outlet 15 may be fitted with a closure device 23 to isolate the housing during off periods or during defrosting of the cooling coils 16. Air from the unit 22 is recirculated back to the cooling coils 16 or can be discharged.
  • the machine is arranged to be constructed as a single unit for transportation to a location where the snow is required.
  • the refrigeration source 17 may be separate from the assembly.
  • the snow making machine of the invention is capable of continuous production of snow and can be located where the snow is required.

Abstract

In making snow a closed environment is created in a housing (10), a flow of air is cooled by cooling means (16) and the cooled air is directed into a chamber (14) into which a fine spary of water is released. Downstream of the chamber is located collecting means (21), usually in the form of porous material through which the air can pass whilst snow is collected on the collecting means. The snow collected leaves the collecting means to be discharged through an outlet opening (15). The flow of air is in turn cooled, passed through the outlet, snow is abstracted from the air and at least some of the air can be recirculated.

Description

Snow Making Machine
This invention relates to snow making machines and a snow making method whereby snow is made in a confined space.
There has been proposed snow making machines for making snow within a confined space but such machines have not always been able to make snow of good quality and have sometimes been particularly noisy. In other cases the rate of production of snow has been limited.
According to one aspect the invention provides a method of making snow including creating a closed environment, cooling air within the environment, creating a flow of cooled air through the environment, spraying a jet of fine water spray into the flow of cooled air whereby to form snow particles in the flow of cooled air, and providing collecting means downstream of the spray of water on which the snow particles are collected, the collected snow particles being released from the collecting means to pass towards a discharge outlet from the closed environment, the air being cooled to a temperature below the freezing point of water before reaching the water spray.
According to another aspect the invention provides a snow making machine which comprises a closed environment defined by a housing, cooling means for cooling a flow of air, fan means for generating a flow of cooled air within the housing, the flow of air being directed from an outlet opening, water spray means for spraying at least one jet of fine water spray adjacent the outlet opening, and collecting means downstream of the outlet opening, the cooled air and the water spray interacting to produce snow for collection on the collecting means, and the collected snow being released from the collecting means and discharged from the housing through a housing outlet. Preferably the air is cooled to well below the freezing point of water, for example - 10°C and the air discharged from the outlet opening is at less that 100% humidity, for example between 50% and 100% humidity.
Conveniently the collecting means is porous and formed of sheets or strips of fibrous material, for example fibreglass. Further or other collecting means may be provided in the form of vertically arranged tubes of fabric material, the airflow passing through the walls of the tubes. After collection on the collecting means the snow may be discharged under gravity with or without agitation of the collecting means.
The airflow within the housing is cooled by the cooling means which may include the use of either a primary or a secondary refrigerant. A primary refrigerant may include direct evaporation of a liquid to release its latent energy and may involve a closed loop system in which the refrigerant is recycled or a total loss refrigerant such as nitrogen released into the flow of air. A secondary refrigerant may be a coolant fluid which is cooled by a separate primary refrigerant and does not necessarily change state and uses sensible energy.
The flow of cold air through the outlet normally is caused by a fan, the air being circulated through a cooling coil by the fan and discharged as cooled air through a high velocity nozzle at for example a speed of lOm/sec.
Further features of the invention will appear from the following description of an embodiment of the invention given by way of example only and with reference to the drawings, in which:
Fig 1 is a diagrammatic cross-section through a snow making machine, and
Fig 2 is a diagrammatic cross-section showing the air and water discharge region of the machine.
Referring to the drawings the machine comprises an insulated housing 10 which may be of relatively compact size, for example a rectangular section housing of some 1 metre square extending over a length of some 2 metres. The housing 10 includes a duct 11 through which air is drawn, cooled and discharged by fan means 12. The duct 11 has an inlet 13 at one end of the housing 10, a region or chamber 14 in which snow is made and an outlet 15 from which snow is discharged. Air is recirculated through the housing and cooling of the air takes place over cooling coils 16 fed with refrigerant from a refrigeration source 17. Alternatively a primary refrigerant such as nitrogen is evaporated to provide cooling of the air and the resulting gas flows with the air through the housing.
The fan means 12 directs a flow of cooled, dry air from the cooling coils 16 along an outlet nozzle 18 for discharge into the region 14.
Water spray jets 19 are located to the sides and downstream of the nozzle 18 to direct a fine spray of water into the airflow of cold dry air. The air and water spray in the region 14 mixes and creates vortices in which the water spray is cooled and forms into snow particles. Atomised water discharged into the plume of air produces vortices within the mixing chamber 14 which results in the reintroduction of snow particles into the plume enlarging the snow particles. The water spray is of fine size with droplets ranging from 5 to 200 microns in size and the smaller particles act as nucleators whilst the larger particles provide the bulk for the growth of the snow crystals. The snow guns can be set to produce the same or different particle size ranges. Atomisation of the water can be by the use of compressed air as an internal or external mix nozzle, or by the use of high pressure water. Alternatively ultrasonic devices may be used to produce the fine spray. The spray pattern is designed to allow the mixing of the water particles in the cold air discharge in the region 14.
One of the water sprays may be fitted with an electrostatic charging ring whilst the other spray is connected to earth at the zero polarity or to an appropriate polarity to the discharge ring. By this arrangement electrostatic charges to the particles leaving the snow guns is caused thus accelerating the growth of crystals within the mixing region 14. The arrangement may incorporate a changeover device which may be cycled or pulsed to prevent the opposite charge particles from adhering to the charging rings. As a further alternative a single spray discharge nozzle may be provided with or without a pulsating charging device.
Snow particles produced within the region 14 are collected on primary collectors 21 as a result of the airflow and a change of air direction, the collectors being located downstream of the region 14. The collectors 21 may be formed of sheets or strips of fibreglass located in an upright position which provide a porous construction through which the air can pass. Larger snow crystals collected fall under gravity from the collectors 21 and the smaller snow particles adhere until their size is increased to a size at which they discharge from the collectors under gravity with the help of movement of the collectors 21. Such movement may be due to the airflow over the collectors or may include mechanical assistance, such as movement of the collectors, to release the snow.
Remaining airborne snow particles in the air flow and snow crystals discharged from the collectors 21 pass into a second collection unit 22 which comprises a series of filter separators in the form of upright sleeves or tubes, the air passing into the tubes and through the walls of the tubes. The tubes may be formed of fabric made of, for example, non-stick material such as Teflon. Snow collected on the tubes is then released under gravity or the tubes are shaken to dislodge the snow. Larger snow crystals pass along the tubes and are discharged by gravity from the outlet 15. The outlet 15 may be fitted with a closure device 23 to isolate the housing during off periods or during defrosting of the cooling coils 16. Air from the unit 22 is recirculated back to the cooling coils 16 or can be discharged.
The machine is arranged to be constructed as a single unit for transportation to a location where the snow is required. The refrigeration source 17 may be separate from the assembly.
The snow making machine of the invention is capable of continuous production of snow and can be located where the snow is required.

Claims

Claims
1. A method of making snow including creating a closed environment, cooling air within the environment, creating a flow of cooled air through the environment, spraying a jet of fine water spray into the flow of cooled air whereby to form snow particles in the flow of cooled air, and providing collecting means downstream of the spray of water on which the snow particles are collected, the collected snow particles being released from the collecting means to pass towards a discharge outlet from the closed environment, the air being cooled to a temperature below the freezing point of water before reaching the water spray.
2. A method according to Claim 1 wherein the collecting means is arranged to allow the snow particles to collect on the collecting means and for air to pass therethrough.
3. A method according to Claim 2 wherein the collecting means is porous and formed of fibrous material.
4. A method according to Claim 2 or 3 wherein the collecting means is located across the path of the air containing snow particles and is in the form of sheets or strips of porous material.
5. A method according to Claim 2, 3 or 4 wherein the collecting means comprises tubes or sleeves of fibrous material and at least part of the air flow is through the walls of the tubes or sleeves.
6. A method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the air is cooled to below -10°C and the water spray is formed of droplets of a size 5 - 200 micron.
7. A method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the flow of air and water spray/snow particles forms vortices in the region of the environment between the spray discharge and the collecting means.
8. A method according to any one of the preceding claims comprising primary and secondary collecting means arranged in series in the direction of flow of air, whereby snow collected on the primary collection means passes to the secondary collection means before discharge.
9. A method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the collecting means is moved to dislodge snow collected thereon and the snow passes under gravity from said collecting means.
10. A method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the cold air is recirculated in the environment after the snow is separated therefrom.
11. A method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the air is cooled by a primary refrigerant which includes evaporation of a liquid to effect such cooling.
12. A method according to Claim 11 wherein the primary refrigerant is evaporated into the air flow.
13. A snow making machine comprising a closed environment defined by a housing, cooling means for cooling air passing through the environment, fan means for generating a flow of cool air within the housing, the flow of cooled air being directed from an outlet opening, water spray means for spraying at least one jet of fine water spray adj acent the outlet opening, collecting means downstream of the outlet opening, the cooled air and the water spray interacting to produce snow for collection on the collection means, and the collected snow being released from the collecting means and discharged from the housing through a housing outlet.
14. A machine according to Claim 13 wherein the collecting means is porous to permit air to pass therethrough for the snow to be collected on the surface.
15. A machine according to Claim 13 or 14 wherein the collecting means is in the form of tubes, sleeves, sheets or strips of porous material, the collecting means being arranged in an upright position to permit snow collected thereon to pass under gravity from the collecting means.
16. A machine according to any one of Claims 13-15 wherein the cooling means includes a refrigerant which is evaporated to obtain cooling, the refrigerant being released into the flow of air.
17. A machine according to any one of Claims 13-15 wherein the cooling means includes a refrigerant which is evaporated in a closed circuit for the transfer of cooling to secondary refrigeration means.
18. A machine according to any one of Claims 13-17 wherein the outlet opening is upstream of the water spray means and cooled air is discharged from the outlet opening acting as a high velocity nozzle into a chamber in which the water spray is cooled to form snow particles prior to reaching the collecting means.
19. A machine according to any one of Claims 13-18 wherein the water spray is electrostatically charged as it leaves the spray means.
PCT/GB1999/004056 1998-12-05 1999-12-03 Snow making machine WO2000034722A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU15739/00A AU1573900A (en) 1998-12-05 1999-12-03 Snow making machine

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9826718.0A GB9826718D0 (en) 1998-12-05 1998-12-05 Snow making machine
GB9826718.0 1998-12-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000034722A1 true WO2000034722A1 (en) 2000-06-15

Family

ID=10843674

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1999/004056 WO2000034722A1 (en) 1998-12-05 1999-12-03 Snow making machine

Country Status (3)

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AU (1) AU1573900A (en)
GB (1) GB9826718D0 (en)
WO (1) WO2000034722A1 (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1473528A1 (en) * 2003-04-29 2004-11-03 Katharina Mag. Hermeling Method for making artificial snow and apparatus for carrying out this method
EP1653172A3 (en) * 2004-10-26 2008-01-23 Innovag AG Aktiengesellschaft für innovative Industrietechnik Snow storage
EP1898165A2 (en) * 2006-09-11 2008-03-12 Innovag AG Aktiengesellschaft für innovative Industrietechnik Indoor snow device
DE202010001507U1 (en) * 2010-01-29 2011-06-01 Buck-Heitmann, Petra, 22397 Device for cooling persons
CZ304511B6 (en) * 2010-08-02 2014-06-11 Adéla Voráčková Method of production of artificial snow and apparatus for carrying out this method
ITVR20130292A1 (en) * 2013-12-23 2015-06-24 Technoalpin Holding S P A SNOW FACTORY FOR CLOSED LOCALS
EP4086541A3 (en) * 2021-01-15 2022-11-16 Espec Corp. Snow making apparatus

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JPH0345875A (en) * 1989-07-12 1991-02-27 Hokuetsu Kogyo Co Ltd Artificial snowing device
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JPH09329380A (en) * 1996-06-07 1997-12-22 Toyo Eng Works Ltd Artificial crystal snow making device

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US4475688A (en) * 1982-09-27 1984-10-09 Hodges James L Artificial snow making
US5102044A (en) * 1988-09-30 1992-04-07 Nkk Corporation Method for producing snow and apparatus therefor
EP0798520A2 (en) * 1989-03-01 1997-10-01 FRENCH, Andrew Boyd Snow making method and device
JPH031062A (en) * 1989-05-26 1991-01-07 Toyo Eng Works Ltd Artificial snowfall device
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JPH03152368A (en) * 1989-11-07 1991-06-28 Suga Shikenki Kk Artificial snow falling apparatus
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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1473528A1 (en) * 2003-04-29 2004-11-03 Katharina Mag. Hermeling Method for making artificial snow and apparatus for carrying out this method
EP1653172A3 (en) * 2004-10-26 2008-01-23 Innovag AG Aktiengesellschaft für innovative Industrietechnik Snow storage
EP1898165A2 (en) * 2006-09-11 2008-03-12 Innovag AG Aktiengesellschaft für innovative Industrietechnik Indoor snow device
EP1898165A3 (en) * 2006-09-11 2009-08-05 Innovag AG Aktiengesellschaft für innovative Industrietechnik Indoor snow device
DE202010001507U1 (en) * 2010-01-29 2011-06-01 Buck-Heitmann, Petra, 22397 Device for cooling persons
CZ304511B6 (en) * 2010-08-02 2014-06-11 Adéla Voráčková Method of production of artificial snow and apparatus for carrying out this method
ITVR20130292A1 (en) * 2013-12-23 2015-06-24 Technoalpin Holding S P A SNOW FACTORY FOR CLOSED LOCALS
WO2015097592A1 (en) * 2013-12-23 2015-07-02 Technoalpin Holding S.P.A. An indoor snow making apparatus
EP4086541A3 (en) * 2021-01-15 2022-11-16 Espec Corp. Snow making apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU1573900A (en) 2000-06-26
GB9826718D0 (en) 1999-01-27

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