WO2000029359A1 - Catalytic dehydrodechlorination of ethylene dichloride - Google Patents

Catalytic dehydrodechlorination of ethylene dichloride Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000029359A1
WO2000029359A1 PCT/EP1999/008160 EP9908160W WO0029359A1 WO 2000029359 A1 WO2000029359 A1 WO 2000029359A1 EP 9908160 W EP9908160 W EP 9908160W WO 0029359 A1 WO0029359 A1 WO 0029359A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ethylene dichloride
noble metal
catalyst
catalytic
vinyl chloride
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1999/008160
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Zhang Zongchao
Jelle J. Nieuwland
Original Assignee
Akzo Nobel N.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Akzo Nobel N.V. filed Critical Akzo Nobel N.V.
Priority to CA002350582A priority Critical patent/CA2350582A1/en
Priority to AU11558/00A priority patent/AU1155800A/en
Publication of WO2000029359A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000029359A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C07C17/25—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by splitting-off hydrogen halides from halogenated hydrocarbons

Definitions

  • dehydrochlo nate ethylene dichloride also known as " 1 ,2-dichloroethane”
  • dehydrochlo nate ethylene dichloride thermally to form vinyl chloride.
  • temperatures typically of from about 500°C to about 550°C.
  • the present invention is directed to a catalytic process with good catalyst durability for the selective catalytic conversion of ethylene dichloride (EDC) to vinyl chloride (VC).
  • EDC ethylene dichloride
  • VC vinyl chloride
  • the disclosed process utilizes a carbon-supported hydrogenation catalyst and also uses hydrogen during catalyst activation and reaction conditions. While it is not intuitive to have hydrogen in the feed for a dehydrochlorination reaction, the presence of hydrogen in the disclosed process allows the reaction to proceed with a relatively long catalyst life without deactivation with superior selectivity (Compare Comparative Example 2 with Examples 3 and 4, hereinbelow).
  • the catalyst that is employed in the process of the present invention is one that comprises a noble metal component on a carbon support.
  • the noble metal that is selected for use is preferably selected from Groups 8-10 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, as depicted in Chemical and Engineering News, 63(5), 27 (1985).
  • the preferred metals are platinum (Group 10) or palladium (Group 10), although ruthenium (Group 8) or rhodium (Group 9) can also be used.
  • the amount of noble metal on the carbon support can range from about 0.05%, by weight of the support, to about 10%, preferably from about 0.3% to about 3%.
  • the support can be in any desired physical form (e.g., an extrudate or in pelleted form).
  • the process is carried out at elevated temperatures of over about 250°C, preferably from about 250°C to about 350°C in the presence of hydrogen, which can be present at a molar concentration with respect to the ethylene dichloride of from about 0.05% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 1 %.
  • the claimed process involves hydrogenation conditions, meaning that the gas phase process involves the use of a hydrogenation catalyst and molecular hydrogen. It is noted that the claimed main process is not a hydrogenation reaction. However, according to the following non-binding theory, which was construed with hindsight, the hydrogenation conditions result in the selective hydrogenation of an acetylene by-product, which prevents the formation of coke from said acetylene. The reduced formation of coke is considered to be responsible for the improved catalyst life. This invention is further illustrated by the Examples that follow.
  • This Example illustrates that when it is attempted to catalytically convert ethylene dichloride to vinyl chloride without the use of hydrogen during the reaction using a catalyst comprising an alumina support.
  • a fixed bed glass reactor with a diameter of 20 mm was used.
  • About 100 ml (about 83 grams) of a conventional 0.5 wt% Pt/Al 2 0 3 catalyst (1/8" pellets) was loaded into the reactor.
  • the catalyst was activated with a stream of nitrogen (475 ml/min) containing 5% hydrogen gas at 300°C for five hours.
  • the reaction was started at 300°C with an ethylene dichloride (EDC) feed rate of 0.8 g/min and nitrogen feed rate of 500 ml/min in the absence of hydrogen gas.
  • EDC ethylene dichloride
  • This Example illustrates the present invention in which the reaction described in Example 1 is conducted in the presence of hydrogen.
  • a fresh catalyst from the same batch as described in Example '1 was used.
  • the catalyst was activated in a stream of nitrogen (450 ml/min) and 10% hydrogen at 300°C for five hours.
  • the reaction was performed at 280°C and 300°C, initially at an EDC feed rate of 0.72 g/min, and hydrogen concentration of from 1% to 2.4% in a total of 500 ml/min of nitrogen and hydrogen feed.
  • the total feed rate was varied without changing the relative concentration of each component during later experiments.
  • the EDC conversion was found to vary between 15% and 35% depending on the total feed rate and there was a maximum selectivity to vinyl chloride of about 70%. An important observation was that the catalyst showed improved stability in the presence of hydrogen during the test for about eight hours.
  • This Example illustrates an embodiment of the invention.
  • the catalyst was activated in a stream of nitrogen (450 ml/min) and 10% hydrogen at 300°C for five hours.
  • the reaction started at 280°C with an EDC feed rate of 0.72 g/min, and a hydrogen concentration of 0.26% in nitrogen (totaling 500 ml/min of H 2 and N 2 ).
  • the EDC cracking level was 37% with a selectivity of 97%-100% to VC.
  • the catalyst was stable during the test for over six hours.
  • the previous test run was continued with the same catalyst at a decreased N 2 and EDC feed rate and at 280°C.
  • the EDC conversion was 60% with a selectivity of nearly 100% to VC under a EDC feed rate of 0.36 g/min and a nitrogen feed rate of 250 ml/min (0.5% H 2 ).
  • the catalyst was evaluated at 280°C for about forty hours without showing signs of deactivation.

Abstract

Ethylene dichloride can be dehydrodechlorinated to vinyl chloride by heating the ethylene dichloride at a temperature of not less than about 250°C in the presence of hydrogen gas and a dehydrohalogenation catalyst that comprises a noble metal on a carbon support.

Description

CATALYTIC DEHYDRODECHLOR1NATION OF ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE
Background of the Invention
It is well known to dehydrochlo nate ethylene dichloride (also known as " 1 ,2-dichloroethane" ) thermally to form vinyl chloride. Typically, this is accomplished at temperatures of from about 500°C to about 550°C.
The art also contains certain disclosures about catalytic means to dehydrochlohnate ethylene dichloride to vinyl chloride. For example, U.S.S.R. Patent No. 2,070,551 teaches that ethylene dichloride is catalytically converted to vinyl chloride by heating at from about 280°C to about 400°C in the presence of hydrogen using a catalyst which comprises platinum or palladium on γ-alumina. As illustrated by Comparative Example 2, which follows, the yield of vinyl chloride was found to vary from about 15% to about 35% with a maximum selectivity to vinyl chloride of about 70%.
Summary of the Invention
The present invention is directed to a catalytic process with good catalyst durability for the selective catalytic conversion of ethylene dichloride (EDC) to vinyl chloride (VC). The disclosed process utilizes a carbon-supported hydrogenation catalyst and also uses hydrogen during catalyst activation and reaction conditions. While it is not intuitive to have hydrogen in the feed for a dehydrochlorination reaction, the presence of hydrogen in the disclosed process allows the reaction to proceed with a relatively long catalyst life without deactivation with superior selectivity (Compare Comparative Example 2 with Examples 3 and 4, hereinbelow).
Description of the Preferred Embodiments
The catalyst that is employed in the process of the present invention is one that comprises a noble metal component on a carbon support. The noble metal that is selected for use is preferably selected from Groups 8-10 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, as depicted in Chemical and Engineering News, 63(5), 27 (1985). The preferred metals are platinum (Group 10) or palladium (Group 10), although ruthenium (Group 8) or rhodium (Group 9) can also be used.
The amount of noble metal on the carbon support can range from about 0.05%, by weight of the support, to about 10%, preferably from about 0.3% to about 3%. The support can be in any desired physical form (e.g., an extrudate or in pelleted form).
The process is carried out at elevated temperatures of over about 250°C, preferably from about 250°C to about 350°C in the presence of hydrogen, which can be present at a molar concentration with respect to the ethylene dichloride of from about 0.05% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 1 %.
The claimed process involves hydrogenation conditions, meaning that the gas phase process involves the use of a hydrogenation catalyst and molecular hydrogen. It is noted that the claimed main process is not a hydrogenation reaction. However, according to the following non-binding theory, which was construed with hindsight, the hydrogenation conditions result in the selective hydrogenation of an acetylene by-product, which prevents the formation of coke from said acetylene. The reduced formation of coke is considered to be responsible for the improved catalyst life. This invention is further illustrated by the Examples that follow.
(Comparative) Example 1
This Example illustrates that when it is attempted to catalytically convert ethylene dichloride to vinyl chloride without the use of hydrogen during the reaction using a catalyst comprising an alumina support. A fixed bed glass reactor with a diameter of 20 mm was used. About 100 ml (about 83 grams) of a conventional 0.5 wt% Pt/Al203 catalyst (1/8" pellets) was loaded into the reactor. The catalyst was activated with a stream of nitrogen (475 ml/min) containing 5% hydrogen gas at 300°C for five hours. The reaction was started at 300°C with an ethylene dichloride (EDC) feed rate of 0.8 g/min and nitrogen feed rate of 500 ml/min in the absence of hydrogen gas. The catalyst was found to rapidly deactivate from an initial conversion level of 20%.
(Comparative)Example 2
This Example illustrates the present invention in which the reaction described in Example 1 is conducted in the presence of hydrogen.
A fresh catalyst from the same batch as described in Example '1 was used. The catalyst was activated in a stream of nitrogen (450 ml/min) and 10% hydrogen at 300°C for five hours. The reaction was performed at 280°C and 300°C, initially at an EDC feed rate of 0.72 g/min, and hydrogen concentration of from 1% to 2.4% in a total of 500 ml/min of nitrogen and hydrogen feed. The total feed rate was varied without changing the relative concentration of each component during later experiments. The EDC conversion was found to vary between 15% and 35% depending on the total feed rate and there was a maximum selectivity to vinyl chloride of about 70%. An important observation was that the catalyst showed improved stability in the presence of hydrogen during the test for about eight hours.
Example 3
This Example illustrates an embodiment of the invention. About 100 ml (43.5 grams) of a 0.8% Pd/C catalyst ex Johnson Matthey was used. The catalyst was activated in a stream of nitrogen (450 ml/min) and 10% hydrogen at 300°C for five hours. The reaction started at 280°C with an EDC feed rate of 0.72 g/min, and a hydrogen concentration of 0.26% in nitrogen (totaling 500 ml/min of H2 and N2). The EDC cracking level was 37% with a selectivity of 97%-100% to VC. The catalyst was stable during the test for over six hours.
Example 4
The previous test run was continued with the same catalyst at a decreased N2 and EDC feed rate and at 280°C. The EDC conversion was 60% with a selectivity of nearly 100% to VC under a EDC feed rate of 0.36 g/min and a nitrogen feed rate of 250 ml/min (0.5% H2). The catalyst was evaluated at 280°C for about forty hours without showing signs of deactivation.
The preceding Examples are intended to only illustrate certain* embodiments of the present invention and, for that reason should not be construed in a limiting sense. The scope of protection sough is set forth in the Claims that follow.

Claims

Claims
1. A process for the catalytic dehydrohalogenation of ethylene dichloride to vinyl chloride which comprises heating the ethylene dichloride in the presence of a dehydrohalogenation catalyst comprising a carbon support under hydrogenation conditions.
2. A process as claimed in Claim 1 wherein hydrogen gas is provided to supply the hydrogenation conditions.
3. A process as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the catalyst comprises a noble metal selected from any of Groups 8-10 of the Periodic Table of the Elements on the carbon support.
4. A process as claimed in Claim 3 wherein the noble metal is platinum.
5. A process as claimed in Claim 3 wherein the noble metal is palladium.
6. A process for the catalytic dehydrohalogenation of ethylene dichloride to vinyl chloride which comprises heating the ethylene dichloride at a temperature of not less than about 250°C in the presence of a dehydrohalogenation catalyst comprising a noble metal on a carbon support in the presence of hydrogen gas.
7. A process as claimed in Claim 6 wherein the noble metal is platinum.
8. A process as claimed in Claim 6 wherein the noble metal is palladium.
9. A process for the catalytic dehydrohalogenation of ethylene dichloride to vinyl chloride which comprises heating the ethylene dichloride at a temperature of not less than about 250°C in the presence of a dehydrohalogenation catalyst comprising a noble metal on a carbon support, with the noble metal being present at from about 0.05%, by weight of the support, to about 10%, by weight, in the presence of hydrogen gas, which is present at a molar ratio, compared to the amount of ethylene dichloride, of from about 0.05% to about 5%.
10. A process as claimed in Claim 9 wherein the noble metal is platinum.
11. A process as claimed in Claim 9 wherein the noble metal is palladium.
PCT/EP1999/008160 1998-11-16 1999-10-26 Catalytic dehydrodechlorination of ethylene dichloride WO2000029359A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002350582A CA2350582A1 (en) 1998-11-16 1999-10-26 Catalytic dehydrodechlorination of ethylene dichloride
AU11558/00A AU1155800A (en) 1998-11-16 1999-10-26 Catalytic dehydrodechlorination of ethylene dichloride

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US19266898A 1998-11-16 1998-11-16
US09/192,668 1998-11-16

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003093204A1 (en) * 2002-05-02 2003-11-13 Uhde Gmbh Method for the production of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing halogen and suitable device therefor
DE10219720A1 (en) * 2002-05-02 2003-11-20 Uhde Gmbh Production of ethylenically unsaturated halogen containing aliphatic hydrocarbons by thermal cleavage comprises use of a reactor having a catalyst on and/or in a gas permeable support having an inlet for a flushing gas
DE10219723A1 (en) * 2002-05-02 2003-11-20 Uhde Gmbh Process for the production of unsaturated halogenated hydrocarbons and device suitable therefor
DE10219722A1 (en) * 2002-05-02 2003-11-20 Uhde Gmbh Production of ethylenically unsaturated halogen containing aliphatic hydrocarbons by thermal cleavage comprises use of a reactor having a catalyst on and/or in a gas permeable support having an inlet for the introduction of a heated gas
DE10219721A1 (en) * 2002-05-02 2003-11-20 Uhde Gmbh Production of ethylenically unsaturated halogen containing aliphatic hydrocarbons by thermal cleavage comprises use of a reactor having a catalyst on and/or in a gas permeable support having an inlet for a promoter for the thermal cleavage
US7435983B2 (en) 2003-04-30 2008-10-14 Uhde Gmbh Device for injecting electromagnetic radiation into a reactor
JP2018515579A (en) * 2015-05-27 2018-06-14 ジョンソン、マッセイ、パブリック、リミテッド、カンパニーＪｏｈｎｓｏｎ Ｍａｔｔｈｅｙ Ｐｕｂｌｉｃ Ｌｉｍｉｔｅｄ Ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ Process for the preparation of vinyl chloride

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE585793C (en) * 1930-04-30 1933-10-09 I G Farbenindustrie Akt Ges Process for the production of vinyl chloride
US2765350A (en) * 1955-04-05 1956-10-02 Ethyl Corp Dehydrochlorination process
EP0035791A1 (en) * 1980-03-12 1981-09-16 Wacker-Chemie GmbH A process for removing acetylene from reaction products of 1,2-dichloroethane pyrolysis
JPS58110528A (en) * 1981-12-25 1983-07-01 Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd Preparation of vinyl chloride
RU2070551C1 (en) * 1993-11-01 1996-12-20 Научно-исследовательский физико-химический институт им.Л.Я.Карпова Method of synthesis of vinyl chloride
JPH09249581A (en) * 1996-03-13 1997-09-22 Toshiba Corp Decomposition of organohalogen-based compound

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE585793C (en) * 1930-04-30 1933-10-09 I G Farbenindustrie Akt Ges Process for the production of vinyl chloride
US2765350A (en) * 1955-04-05 1956-10-02 Ethyl Corp Dehydrochlorination process
EP0035791A1 (en) * 1980-03-12 1981-09-16 Wacker-Chemie GmbH A process for removing acetylene from reaction products of 1,2-dichloroethane pyrolysis
JPS58110528A (en) * 1981-12-25 1983-07-01 Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd Preparation of vinyl chloride
RU2070551C1 (en) * 1993-11-01 1996-12-20 Научно-исследовательский физико-химический институт им.Л.Я.Карпова Method of synthesis of vinyl chloride
JPH09249581A (en) * 1996-03-13 1997-09-22 Toshiba Corp Decomposition of organohalogen-based compound

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 099, no. 16, 17 October 1983, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 123119, "Vinyl chloride from 1,2-dichloroethane" XP002128274 *
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 199731, Derwent World Patents Index; Class A41, AN 1997-340260, XP002128275 *
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 199748, Derwent World Patents Index; Class E16, AN 1997-521878, XP002128276 *

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003093204A1 (en) * 2002-05-02 2003-11-13 Uhde Gmbh Method for the production of unsaturated hydrocarbons containing halogen and suitable device therefor
DE10219720A1 (en) * 2002-05-02 2003-11-20 Uhde Gmbh Production of ethylenically unsaturated halogen containing aliphatic hydrocarbons by thermal cleavage comprises use of a reactor having a catalyst on and/or in a gas permeable support having an inlet for a flushing gas
DE10219723A1 (en) * 2002-05-02 2003-11-20 Uhde Gmbh Process for the production of unsaturated halogenated hydrocarbons and device suitable therefor
DE10219722A1 (en) * 2002-05-02 2003-11-20 Uhde Gmbh Production of ethylenically unsaturated halogen containing aliphatic hydrocarbons by thermal cleavage comprises use of a reactor having a catalyst on and/or in a gas permeable support having an inlet for the introduction of a heated gas
DE10219721A1 (en) * 2002-05-02 2003-11-20 Uhde Gmbh Production of ethylenically unsaturated halogen containing aliphatic hydrocarbons by thermal cleavage comprises use of a reactor having a catalyst on and/or in a gas permeable support having an inlet for a promoter for the thermal cleavage
DE10219722B4 (en) * 2002-05-02 2005-06-09 Uhde Gmbh Process for the preparation of unsaturated halogen-containing hydrocarbons and apparatus suitable therefor
DE10219720B4 (en) * 2002-05-02 2005-06-09 Uhde Gmbh Process for the preparation of unsaturated halogen-containing hydrocarbons and apparatus suitable therefor
DE10219723B4 (en) * 2002-05-02 2005-06-09 Uhde Gmbh Process for the preparation of unsaturated halogen-containing hydrocarbons and device suitable therefor
DE10219721B4 (en) * 2002-05-02 2006-07-13 Uhde Gmbh Process for the preparation of unsaturated halogen-containing hydrocarbons and apparatus suitable therefor
US7309471B2 (en) 2002-05-02 2007-12-18 Uhde Gmbh Method for producing unsaturated halogenic hydrocarbons and device suitable for use with said method
US7435983B2 (en) 2003-04-30 2008-10-14 Uhde Gmbh Device for injecting electromagnetic radiation into a reactor
JP2018515579A (en) * 2015-05-27 2018-06-14 ジョンソン、マッセイ、パブリック、リミテッド、カンパニーＪｏｈｎｓｏｎ Ｍａｔｔｈｅｙ Ｐｕｂｌｉｃ Ｌｉｍｉｔｅｄ Ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ Process for the preparation of vinyl chloride
US10239803B2 (en) * 2015-05-27 2019-03-26 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Process for the preparation of vinyl chloride
TWI703113B (en) 2015-05-27 2020-09-01 英商強生麥特公司 Process and catalyst
US10800719B2 (en) 2015-05-27 2020-10-13 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Process for the preparation of vinyl chloride
JP7139114B2 (en) 2015-05-27 2022-09-20 ジョンソン、マッセイ、パブリック、リミテッド、カンパニー Method for the preparation of vinyl chloride

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AU1155800A (en) 2000-06-05

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