Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
  • E21B7/20—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes
  • E21B7/208—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes using down-hole drives
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B10/00—Drill bits
  • E21B10/36—Percussion drill bits
  • E21B10/38—Percussion drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
  • E21B21/12—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor using drilling pipes with plural fluid passages, e.g. closed circulation systems

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method in lining down-the-hole drilling according to the preamble of claim 1 .
• the invention also relates to a lining down-the-hole drilling device according to the preamble of claim 14.
• the invention relates further to a drill bit for a lining down-the-hole drilling device according to the preamble of claim 1 9.
• a drill bit In so-called lining drilling, a drill bit is used which is brought into a percussion movement by means of a percussion hammer and which makes a hole in the ground. The drill bit and the percussion hammer are followed by a drill rod which is fed into the hole. An outer pipe surrounding the percussion hammer and the drill rod remains in the finished hole, and the drill bit is drawn by means of the drill rods within the pipe after the drilling has been completed.
• the percussion hammer In down-the-hole drilling, the percussion hammer is placed in the hole to be made.
• a pressurized medium is used, typically air, which is led to the percussion hammer inside the drill rod which is placed inside the pipe.
• a problem in the described down-the-hole drilling method is the removal of the drill cuttings.
• a flushing medium it is typical to use air which is led through the drill bit to the drilling point and back to the starting point of the drilling inside a pipe, as presented e.g. in a lining down-the-hole drilling device according to U.S. patent 5,590,726.
• the flushing medium in down-the-hole drilling devices consists of air which is supplied from a percussion hammer, fed as a pressurized medium to the percussion hammer and, after the use, led from the percussion hammer through the drill bit to the drilling point and further substantially unpressurized backwards along the pipe, in this case primarily inside the pipe.
• a particular problem in the above-described methods is that it is problematic to feed air into the ground if the ground is composed at least partly of a relatively soft soil material, such as clay and/or gravel/ moraine.
• a relatively soft soil material such as clay and/or gravel/ moraine.
• former or present building areas comprise a surface clay layer with a thickness of approximately 10 to 40 meters, underneath that a more coarse material, such as gravel and/or moraine, and underneath that finally competent rock.
• air conveyed to the drilling point tends to create pockets and cavities in the soft soil material which considerably impair e.g. the cohesion of pipes left as piles in pile work in the surrounding ground or also the supporting power of old piles in re-piling. For this reason, the use of air is being prohibited in earth drilling in many cities.
• the method according to the invention is primarily characterized in what will be presented in the characterizing part of claim 1 .
• the device according to the invention is primarily characterized in what will be presented in the characterizing part of claim 14.
• the drill bit according to the invention is primarily characterized in what will be presented in the characterizing part of claim 19.
• the flushing medium intended for flushing the drill cuttings from the drilling point is brought along a drill rod inside a pipe that will remain in the ground, separately from the pressurized medium producing the percussion movement of the drill bit, and it is led through the drill bit, after which it flushes the drill cuttings off the drilling point and returns to the starting point of the drilling in the hole primarily outside the pipe that will remain in the ground.
• the flushing medium used is drilling mud or a corresponding flowing substance which is more viscous than water.
• the drilling mud it is possible to use e.g. a mixture of bentonite clay and water in a suitable proportion. Thanks to its properties and environmental safety, the invention can be particularly well applied in drilling. In some cases, also water is used as a flushing medium.
• air is used as the pressurized medium of the percussion hammer, but after the use it is led from the percussion hammer preferably to the drill bit and further primarily inside the pipe, wherein it does not enter into the drilling location or the ground.
• Air is suitable as a pressurized medium particularly due to its environmental safety, and moreover, no separate system will be needed to recover and purify used air, wherein the air can be discharged in the environment at the location of starting of the drilling.
• pressurized water or hydraulic fluid it is in some cases possible to use also pressurized water or hydraulic fluid, if the apparatus and the drilling are suitable for the use of these pressurized media.
• the drill bit is preferably provided with a channelling for conveying at least part of the flushing medium and simultaneously the drill cuttings inside the pipe and further towards the starting point of the drilling.
• a channelling for conveying at least part of the flushing medium and simultaneously the drill cuttings inside the pipe and further towards the starting point of the drilling.
• the drill rod is provided with a central tubular channelling for the supply of the flushing medium, around the same in the drill rod an annular channelling for the supply of the pressurized medium, further around the same with an annular channelling for the return of the pressurized medium (and in one case also the flushing medium), and further around the same with an annular channelling between the pipe and the drill hole for the return of the flushing medium and the drill cuttings
• FIG. 1 illustrates the method of the invention in a leading principle
• Fig. 2 shows the drilling point in a longitudinal cross-section of a down-the-hole drilling device according to a preferred embodiment to be applied in the invention
• Fig. 3 shows a preferred embodiment of a down-the-hole drilling device that is suitable for use in the invention, in a longitudinal cross- section.
• Figure 1 shows earth drilling, in this case piling of buildings.
• a pipe 2 to remain in the ground is fed into a drill hole H made from above with a drill bit 1 from a starting point Ha of the drilling, which can be in the case of re-piling a place inside a building, such as a basement, or in new building sites a place in the open air.
• the pipe 2 is fed vertically into the ground by feeding shorter pipe sections in succession.
• Inside the pipe 2 there is a drill rods which also consists of successive lengths. The feeding and assembly of the portions of the drill rod 3 and the portions of the pipes 2 can be accomplished by solutions of prior art.
• the drill bit 1 also refers to a bit assembly which may also comprise several separate parts, such as a shank part and an actual percussive part.
• a flowing, viscose medium M, or flushing medium M, to flush out drill cuttings W produced at a drilling location Hb in front of the drill bit 1 is supplied along the drill rod 3, more precisely along a first channelling 3a located centrally inside the drill rod 3, and the flushing medium M rises upward from the drilling location Hb with the drill cuttings W.
• the flushing medium M rises in a narrow space between the drill hole H and the outer surface 2a of the pipe 2, touching the pipe 2 and simultaneously lubricating the outer surface 2a of the pipe 2. Because the flushing medium M is a relatively viscose flowing substance, it will not penetrate further in the soil material or form cavities.
• the flushing medium M that has risen back along the drill hole H is purified from the drill cuttings W with a filter and recirculated into the drill rod 3.
• Figure 2 shows the drilling location Hb in a longitudinal cross- section.
• the drilling location Hb accommodates a drill bit 1 which makes a recessing hole or drill hole H in a soil material D by means of rotation and flushing with a flushing medium M or, depending on the soil material D, by means of rotation, an alternating percussive movement and flushing.
• the bit 1 is fixed, in a known manner, to second end 7a of a percussion hammer 7 which is at its first end 7b attached to the front end 3b of a drill rod 3.
• a first channelling 3a is brought through the drill rod 3 and the percussion hammer 7, extending in one or several channels through the drill bit 1 and opening into the drilling location Hb.
• the flushing medium M whose path is indicated with arrows in Fig. 2, is transferred with drill cuttings W from the drilling location Hb back towards the starting point Ha of the drill hole H outside the pipe 2 that remains in the ground D.
• Figure 2 also shows how, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the down-the-hole drilling device further comprises a ring auger bit 5 outside the drill bit 1 , the ring auger bit 5 being fixed at the end of the pipe 2 and remaining in the ground when the drill rod 3, the percussion hammer 7 and the drill bit 1 are pulled up again after the drilling has been completed. Further, with reference to Figs.
• a second channelling 6 is introduced from the exhaust channel system 6 of the percussion hammer 7 to the drill bit 1 , the channelling 6 extending first in the axial direction
• the pressurized medium A is thus conveyed substantially along the whole length of the drilling device first in the space between the hammer 7 and the pipe 2 and then in the space between the drill rod 3 and the pipe 2 upwards towards the starting point Ha of the drill hole H.
• the pressurized medium A is preferably air which is pressurized e.g. with a compression pump close to the starting point Ha of the drill hole H.
• FIG. 3 shows a preferred embodiment of a down-the-hole drilling device that is suitable for use in the invention. The figure shows the front end 3b of a drill rod 3 to which the percussion hammer 7 of the device is coupled at its first end 7b, its second end 7a being equipped with a drill bit 1 .
• a piston performing a reciprocating motion by the effect of the pressurized medium A inside the percussion hammer 7 is indicated with reference numerals, and the channels of the flushing medium M and the pressurized medium A are indicated with the same reference numerals 3a and 6 as above.
• the device of Figure 3 is located inside the pipe 2 in the drill hole, but in this figure, the device is shown without this external pipe 2 and the ring auger bit 5 which are visible in Figure 2.
• At least some of the pressurized medium A is led to the drilling location Hb from which is it led with the flushing medium M back towards the starting point Ha of the drill hole H.
• This can be accomplished by means of a third channelling 9 formed in the drill bit 1 to convey the pressurized medium A at least partly from the second channelling 6 to the drilling location Hb.
• the principle is illustrated in Figure 2 with an arrow 9 which shows the channelling to be formed.
• at least some of the flushing medium M, along with drill cuttings W. is conveyed from the drilling location Hb to the inside of the pipe 2, from which it is led with the pressurized medium A back towards the starting point Ha of the drill hole H.
• the present invention is not limited solely to some preferred embodiments used above as examples, but it can be modified within the scope of the appended claims.
• the more detailed embodiment of the structures is variable, and the invention can be applied not only in drilling methods implemented with a ring auger bit but also in other drilling methods in which a space is provided for a pipe, for installing the same in a drill hole.
• the drill bit can be separate from the pipe or it can be fixed to the pipe by using known methods in conjunction with the method of the invention.
• the methods include inserting the pipe in the drill hole, pulling it into the hole by means of a bit assembly, or pulling it with wire ropes.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Earth Drilling (AREA)

Priority Applications (2)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=8552839

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Cited By (8)

Families Citing this family (1)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (7)

• 1998
  • 1998-11-04 FI FI982386A patent/FI111408B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1999
  • 1999-10-28 WO PCT/US1999/025220 patent/WO2000026576A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-10-28 EP EP99956719A patent/EP1127477A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1999-10-28 AU AU13263/00A patent/AU1326300A/en not_active Abandoned

Patent Citations (4)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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