WO2000017534A1

WO2000017534A1 - Joint

Info

Publication number: WO2000017534A1
Application number: PCT/DE1999/002654
Authority: WO
Inventors: Werner Herrmann
Original assignee: Werner Herrmann
Priority date: 1998-09-21
Filing date: 1999-08-23
Publication date: 2000-03-30
Also published as: DE19843126A1; EP1200750A1

Abstract

A joint, especially an external joint for the driveshaft of a motor vehicle, comprising a socket (4) that is open on one side and accommodates a joint head (4). Drivers (3) that transmit a movement of rotation are provided between the joint head (5) that is linked to a shaft (8) and a socket (4) that is joined to a shaft (12). In order to create a joint that has an economical structure, the head (1) of the joint consists of a ball section (22) that lies inside the socket (4) and is provided with drivers (3). Said ball section is fitted with a centrical drive hub (9) for the shaft (8).

Description

joint

description

The invention relates to a joint, in particular an outer joint for the drive shaft of a motor vehicle, having a joint socket which receives a joint head and is open on one side, with a driver transmitting a rotational movement being provided between the joint head connected to a shaft and the joint socket connected to a shaft.

It is known to use such joints in motor vehicle drive shafts. In this case, a shaft end is inserted in a socket, which has a non-rotatable hub at its end located inside the socket, in which ball grooves are incorporated. Ball grooves are also embedded in the joint socket, the distance between the ball grooves assigned to one another corresponding to the diameter of balls which engage therein. At a certain distance between the hub and the socket there is a ball cage with a spherical window. The balls are inserted in the ball windows and thus guided in the ball cage, ie when the joint head is pivoted in the joint socket, all the balls pivot with the ball cage. For the construction of such a joint, a large number of individual parts is therefore required, which must be manufactured with a high degree of accuracy. Furthermore, the assembly of this joint is relatively complex and therefore expensive, since each ball must be used individually after pivoting the ball cage, which must also be rotated beforehand. The invention has for its object to provide a joint of the type mentioned, which is simple in its construction and assembly.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the joint head consists of a spherical section which lies in the joint socket and has the catches and which has a catch hub for the shaft in the center.

As a result of this measure, only two individual parts are required for the joint, resulting on the one hand in a simply constructed joint and on the other hand in a relatively quick to assemble joint.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least the surfaces of the joint socket assigned to the spherical section of the joint head are coated with a lubricating varnish. After this, the joint no longer has to be greased, which on the one hand eliminates a complex work step and on the other hand the requirement for a seal is no longer sc high.

In order to further facilitate assembly, the socket is preferably divided lengthways and / or crossways. The joint head can easily be ^inserted into the open joint socket, and the manufacture of this joint socket is considerably simpler and therefore less expensive. Furthermore, the quality can be checked more easily.

According to a further development of the invention, a further cost reduction is achieved in that the drivers consist of hemispheres which project above the spherical section of the joint head and which are axially parallel to the spherical joint in the socket. cut the following ball grooves. In order to avoid excessive stress on the drivers, the joint socket expediently has six ball grooves m which engage six hemispheres arranged on the ball section. If there is an increased number of drivers, there is also a smoother run in the bent operation.

To achieve a simple manufacture of the interacting parts and for the large-area design of the same, the joint socket is preferably triangular in cross section and is provided with sliding radii at its corners, the shape of the spherical section being present in the case of cuts in the axis-parallel alignment, and the joint head in the joint socket Axis cross section. A further cost saving results if the surfaces facing one another are not in a generally laughing manner. Advantageously, the αer joint head each has a recess between the sliding radii arranged at the corners. The recesses also offer the advantage that depot lubrication can be carried out as a result.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the drivers arranged on the spherical section of the joint head each have the shape of a head ellipse in the axis-parallel alignment, which are adapted to the surface of the spherical segment and are provided with a uniform height, and protruding, uniformly high in the joint socket smα Pan-ellipses attached, whereby a pan-ellipse comes to lie between two head-ellipses. As a result, the stressed cross-section becomes considerably larger, whereby, with the same size of joint socket and joint head, a much larger moment can be transmitted, or the joint can be constructed much smaller same moment to be transmitted. So that the parts to be manufactured are not too large and easy adaptation to different lengths is possible, the driving hub of the joint head expediently has a toothing which engages with a corresponding counter toothing of the shaft.

The joint head is preferably a die-cast part. With the same machine configuration, the quality is always the same, which significantly simplifies and reduces manufacturing costs. Alternatively, the joint head is made of plastic. As a result, the requirements for the tool required to manufacture the joint head are not so high.

Only certain areas of the joint are exposed to high surface pressure. In order to protect these highly stressed parts from overloading, the ball section of the joint head is made of plastic, and the drivers are made of metal and embedded in the ball section. THEREFORE are bestuckt αie hochbeansprucnten Bereicne with Metaliteilen dauerπaft and thus durable, wobe _^ g gle_cnzeιt an economically cost-effective production is present.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a seal closes αie side cffene ⁿ socket joint, sealed by the shaft of the articulated head protrudes nmdurch-. This protects the joint from contamination. Depending on the type of seal, the use of pressure lubrication or pressure lubrication is possible to achieve an increased service life. The seal between the socket and the joint head is preferably an elastic sleeve. This type of seal is inexpensive to manufacture and assemble. To increase the service life m, it is preferred to have an articulated space closed by the seal between the steering head and the joint socket a lubricant is used. The cuff prevents the lubricant from escaping and thus pollution.

When using a one-piece joint socket, it is necessary to form the one-piece joint head in the joint socket, which has the advantage that, regardless of the dimensions of the joint socket, the joint head always lies optimally in the joint socket. This is achieved according to a method according to the invention for producing the joint according to the invention in that the joint head is produced in the prefabricated joint socket by means of a pouring device which forms the joint head. There are therefore no great requirements for accuracy, since each joint head is manufactured in its associated socket.

A simple device for performing the method is characterized in that the pouring device has a guide cover closing the joint socket and a pouring flange which can be inserted into the guide cover, through which a guide extends, the guide tube and the pouring flange being connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner, and the guide tube and the pouring flange have ball-grooving inserts. Through the inserts, the ball grooves required for the articulation of the joint are easily produced during pouring. Machining is therefore not necessary.

After removing the pouring device, the joint head must be connected to a shaft. In order to achieve this, a shape corresponding to the counter toothing of the shaft is preferably provided on the outside of the guide tube, at least in the region of the joint socket. Thus, through the Insert a correspondingly shaped shaft, the connection can be made quickly and safely.

After pouring, the inserts must be removed from the joint. In addition, the inserts must always be in the same place so that there is a precise alignment between the inserts on the guide tube and those on the pouring flange. This is expediently achieved in that the inserts in the guide tube are fastened to a lance which can be displaced in a rotationally fixed manner in the guide tube. The inserts are drawn into the guide ring via the movable lance and are there in the protected state after the pouring device has been opened.

In order to fix the inserts in the joint socket, the inserts on the guide tube and on the pouring flange are provided with feed channels for a pressure medium. As a result of the pressure medium being applied, the inserts are pressed against the inner wall of the socket and can therefore not be traversed by the pouring material. The pressurization also avoids the impression of the inserts. After the joint socket has been filled and the pouring material has hardened, the inserts are relieved of the pressure medium and can thus be easily drawn into the guide tube via the lance.

So that the inserts have a different pressure corresponding to the filling process and are therefore of the desired size and are not pressed together by the pouring material, a pressure control valve is expediently assigned to the inserts.

The inserts should be easy to remove from the poured mold after filling the joint socket and during molding form a sharp contour. The inserts therefore preferably each consist of a hollow, compressible balloon, on which solid circumferential edges which form the outlet contours of the ball grooves are formed.

So that the joint head receives a homogeneous structure when pouring out, it is necessary to influence the filling speed during the filling process. For this purpose, a pilot operated air valve is inserted into the pouring flange. The pouring process is further optimized by coordinating the pressure control valve for the inserts and the pilot-operated air valve.

The idea on which the invention is based is explained in more detail in the following description with reference to several exemplary embodiments which are illustrated in the drawing. Show it:

1 shows a longitudinal section through a joint according to the invention,

2 shows a section through the joint of FIG. 1 along the line II-II,

3 shows an alternative embodiment of the representation according to FIG. 2,

4 shows an alternative embodiment of the representation according to FIG. 3,

5 shows an alternative embodiment of the representation according to FIG. 1, 6 is a view of the joint head of the representation ^" according to FIG. 5 in the direction of arrow VI,

7 shows a development of the circumference of the joint head according to FIG. 6,

8 shows a section through a pouring device for a joint head according to the representation according to FIG. 1 in the open state, which engages in the prefabricated joint socket according to FIG. 1,

Fig. 9, the pouring device according to Fig. 8 in the closed state and

Fig. 10, the pouring device according to the illustration of FIG. 9 in a rotated section.

A joint 1 with an axis of rotation 2 comprises a joint socket 4 and a joint head 5 with associated drivers 3. The joint socket 4 is hollowed out in a spherical shape, the socket hole 6 of which is smaller in diameter than the joint head 5 with the drivers 3. In the socket 4, ball grooves 7 are machined coaxially to the ball radius of the socket 4, in which drivers 3 of the joint head 5 lie. The bend point of the joint 1 is always in the center of the joint head 5 designed as a spherical section 22. The joint head 5 can assume the position shown with a dash-two-dot line. In a central driving hub 9 of the joint head 5, a shaft 8 is inserted, which is hollow and is provided with a stop 10 for the joint head 5. At the free end of the shaft 8 opposite the stop 10, the shaft 8 is flush with the joint head 5, which at this point has a flat 14 which is oriented perpendicular to the axis of the shaft 8. The real Fixation of the rotary movement takes place only through the interaction of the driver 3 with the ball grooves 7, while the pivoting of the joint 1 takes place by the joint sliding of the joint head 5 m of the socket 4, where the joint 1 can no longer be pulled apart.

The joint socket 4 has various gradations 11 on the outside and a PTO shaft 12 lying in the axis of rotation 2. Furthermore, on the outside of the joint socket 4, at the end opposite the PTO shaft 12, a circumferential radially oriented sealing groove 13 is incorporated, in which a sealing bead 15 of a seal 16 lies sealingly. The seal 16 is designed as an elastic Manscnette 17 with a large diameter 18 facing the socket 4 and a small diameter 19 assigned to the shaft 8. Folds 20 are arranged between the large diameter 18 and the small diameter 19 of the sleeve 17, which ensure a corresponding flexibility of the sleeve 17 when the joint 1 is bent. The small diameter 19 of the sleeve 17 is fixed on the shaft 8 by means of a clamping ring 21.

In the socket 4 according to FIG. 2, eight ball grooves 7 are incorporated, which in cross section have the shape of a semicircle, the center of which lies on the circumference of the ball section 22 of the joint head 5. The transitions between the ball grooves 7 and the socket hole 6 have transition radii 23. The drivers 3 of the spherical section 22 engage in the spherical grooves 7. Each driver 3 nat de shape of a hemisphere 25 which protrude beyond the spherical section 22 of the joint head 5. The joint head 5 has, in the driving hub 9, a toothing 24 distributed uniformly over the diameter, into which an identical counter toothing 48, which is machined on the shaft 8, is immersed. In an alternative embodiment of the joint according to FIG. 3, the socket 4 and the joint head 5 are triangular in cross section. Here, only three sliding radii 26 to be equated with the ball grooves 7 are arranged at the corners 46, between which the ball sections 22 extend with a tangential transition. The shaft 8 with the toothing 24 is again arranged concentrically. In a further alternative embodiment of the joint 1 according to FIG. 4, the joint socket 4 corresponds to that according to FIG. 3, but in the joint head 5 the radii of the drivers 3 are extended by a distance between the joint head 5 and the joint socket 4 in the area to get between the carriers 3. The recesses 27 formed by the spacing serve to implement depot lubrication in an articulated space 47.

5 to 7 show a further embodiment of the joint 1, in which six head ellipses 28 are arranged as drivers 3 on the spherical section 22 of the joint head 5. The head ellipses 28 have an elliptical shape in the development, the small radius of curvature of which is cut on the long ellipse axis 29. The head ellipses 28 have the same height over the entire length, with their thickness following the radius of the spherical section 22. Uniformly shaped socket ellipses 30 are arranged in the socket 4. The honing of the socket ellipses 30 and the head ellipses 28 are designed such that there is still little play to the opposite surface. The curvature of the spherical section 22 is designed in such a way that, in each kink position of the joint 1, the distance between the socket ellipses 30 corresponds to the clear width between the head ellipses 28. Thus, there is an almost play-free transmission of the rotary movement in every articulated position of the joint 1. Before the joint socket 4 is processed further, ie before the joint head 5m is cast in the joint socket 4, at least the surfaces of the joint socket 4 assigned to the ball section 22 of the joint head 5 are coated with a lubricating varnish, the hardening of which takes place in accordance with the regulations of the lubricating varnish manufacturer.

8 to 10 show a device for producing the joint 1 according to FIG. 1 by means of a pouring device 35. A plane groove 50 is incorporated into a plane side 31 of the joint socket 4, and a plane ring 32 of a guide plate 33 is inserted with a precise fit. In the guide cover 33, a guide seat 34 is incorporated, which has the same diameter as the pan hole 6. Furthermore, the pouring device 35 comprises a pouring flange 36 and a guide tube 37 with associated individual parts attached to it.

To prepare for the pouring process, the piano 32 of the guide cover 33 m of the plane groove 50 of the socket 4 is first placed. Then the guide tube 37 is inserted with a retracted lance 38 m d_e joint socket. Subsequently or simultaneously with the guide ring 37, the pouring flange 36 with its seat cylinder 39 is pushed into the guide seat 34 of the guide cover 33. The pouring flange 36 with the guide tube 37 is thus centered. When the pouring flange 36 is pushed into the socket 4, the inserts 40 located on the pouring flange 36 come to rest loosely. Above the guide ring 37, the inserts 40 are connected to a connecting balloon 51, with which the flat 14 is formed. The inserts themselves represent 0 in the inflated state an elongated Eallon ^ä represents 9 to which solid, outlet the contours of the ball grooves 7 forming circulating edges are formed 52nd The guide tube 37 and the pouring flange 36 can be displaced on one another, but are non-rotatable relative to one another so that the inserts 40 are always aligned with one another. The same also applies to the lance 38 in the guide tube 37. The lance 38 is inserted into the joint socket 4, the inserts 40 attached to the lance 38 unfolding and lying loosely on the socket wall 41, specifically in the ball grooves arranged there 7. The inserts 40 have a circular shape in cross section. After insertion of the lance 38, feed channels 42 for filling the inserts 40 are connected to one another, the filling of which takes place before the pouring out. A pressure control valve 43 controls the degree of filling of the inserts 40 during pouring, as a result of which a complete and precise pouring process is achieved. If the pressure is too high, the inserts 40 become too large and they do not fit completely into the ball grooves 7 of the socket 4. If the pressure is too low, the inserts 40 do not fit completely into the ball grooves 7 and are infiltrated by pouring material.

Before the socket 4 is poured out, the guide cover 33 is firmly pressed together with the pouring flange 36. In the pouring flange 36 there is a pilot-controlled air valve 45 next to an injection nozzle 44. When pouring out, the air present in the joint socket 4 escapes via this air valve 45. The pressure build-up can then be regulated until the pouring material has completely hardened. A not shown control device ensures that only after fully seated correctly Ausgießverrichtung 35 on the Ge ^¬ joint socket 4 and the presence of pressure in the inserts 40 the pouring begins. This control device is also responsible for the comparison of the control values of pressure control valve 43 and air valve 45 to one another. A check valve 54 and, on the other hand, an air discharge valve 55 are installed in the feed line 53 upstream of the feed channel 42. After the ^" pouring out, the inserts 40 are first depressurized. Then the lance 38 is withdrawn and the inserts located thereon are drawn into the guide tube 37. Then the complete pouring device 35 is removed from the joint socket 4. In the joint socket 4 is now the poured out part Articulated head 5 is present, which already has the toothing 24 in the driving hub 9. To produce the complete joint 1, it is only necessary to insert the shaft 8 into the joint head 5 up to its stop 10.

Reference list

1 1 joint 51 connecting balloon 2 2 axis of rotation 52 circumferential edges 3 3 driver 53 feed line 4 4 joint socket 54 check valve 5 5 joint head 55 air release valve 6 6 socket hole

7 ball groove

8 wave

9 drive hub

10 stop

11 gradation

12 PTO

13 sealing groove

14 flattening

15 sealing bead

16 seal

17 cuff

18 large diameter

19 small diameter

20 folds

21 clamping ring

22 spherical section

23 transition radius

24 gearing

25 hemisphere

26 sliding radius

27 recess

28 head ellipses

2 299 long ellipse axis

3300 pan ellipse

3311 plan page

3322 flat ring

3333 guide cover

3344 leadership seat

35 pouring device

36 pouring flange

37 guide tube

38 lance

39 seat cylinder

4,400 operations

4411 pan wall

4422 feed channel

4433 pressure control valve

44 injector

45 air valve

46 corners

47 joint space

48 counter toothing

49 balloon

50 plan groove

Claims

claims

1. joint, in particular outer joint for the drive shaft of a motor vehicle, with a joint socket (4) receiving a joint head (5), said joint socket (4) being open on one side, between the joint head (5) connected to a shaft (8) and the one with a shaft (12) Connected joint socket (4) a carrier (3) which transmits a rotary movement are provided, characterized in that the joint head (5) consists of a spherical section lying in the joint socket (4) and having the carriers (3)

(22), which has a central hub (9) for the shaft (8).

2. Joint according to claim 1, characterized in that at least the spherical portion (22) of the joint head (5) associated surfaces of the joint socket (4) are coated with a lubricating varnish.

3. Joint according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the joint socket (4) is divided longitudinally and / or transversely.

4. Joint according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the drivers (3) from the spherical section (22) of the joint head (5) projecting hemispheres (25) in the socket (4) axially parallel to the spherical section (22) insert the following ball grooves (7).

5. Joint according to claim 4, characterized in that the joint socket (4) has six ball grooves (7) into which engage six hemispheres (25) arranged on the spherical section (22).

Joint according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the joint socket (4) is triangular in cross section and is provided with sliding radii (26) at its corners (46), the shape of the spherical section (22 ) is present, and the joint head (5) fills the joint socket (4) in a cross section perpendicular to the axis.

Joint according to claim 6, characterized in that the joint head (5) each has a recess (27) between the sliding radii (26) arranged at the corners (46).

Joint according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the drivers (3) arranged on the spherical section (22) of the joint head (5) each have the shape of a head-shaped ellipse (28) in the axis-parallel orientation, which faces the surface the spherical section (22) are adapted and provided with a uniform height, and protruding, uniformly high socket ellipses (30) are attached in the joint socket (4), one socket ellipse (30) each lying between two head ellipses (28).

Joint according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the driving hub (9) of the joint head (5) has a toothing (24) which m engages with a corresponding counter toothing (48) of the shaft (8).

10. Joint according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the joint head (5) is a die-cast part.

11. Joint according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the joint head (5) consists of plastic.

12. Joint according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the ball section (22) of the joint head (5) consists of plastic, and the drivers (3) made of metal and are embedded in the ball section (22).

13. Joint according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that a seal (16) closes the joint socket open on one side (4) through which the shaft (8) of the joint head (5) protrudes in a sealed manner.

14. Joint according to claim 13, characterized in that the seal (16) between the socket (4) and the joint head (5) is an elastic sleeve (17).

15. Joint according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that a lubricant is used in a joint space (47) closed by the seal (16) between the joint head (5) and the joint socket (4).

16. A method for producing a joint according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the joint head (5) by means of a joint head (5) forming Pouring device (35) is produced in the prefabricated joint socket (4).

17. A device for performing the method according to claim 16, characterized in that the pouring device (35) has a joint cover (4) closing guide cover (33) and in the guide cover (33) insertable pouring flange (36) through which one Guide tube (37) extends, wherein the guide tube (37) and the pouring flange (36) are slidably connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner, and the guide tube (37) and the pouring flange (36) have ball grooves (7) forming inserts (40).

18. The apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that on the outside of the guide tube (37) at least in the area of the joint socket (4) one of the counter teeth (48) of the shaft (8) is provided corresponding shape.

19. The apparatus of claims 17 or 18, characterized in that the inserts (40) in the guide tube (37) on a in the guide tube (37) rotatably movable lance (38) are attached.

20. Device according to one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the inserts (40) on the guide tube

(37) and on the pouring flange (36) are provided with supply channels (42) for a pressure medium.

21. Device according to one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that the inserts (40) is assigned a pressure control valve (43).

22. Device according to one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that the inserts (40) each consist of a hollow, compressible balloon (49) on the fixed, the outlet contours of the ball grooves (7) forming peripheral edges (52) are formed .

23. Device according to one of claims 17 to 22, characterized in that a piloted air valve (45) is inserted into the pouring flange (36).