Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
  • B29C48/04—Particle-shaped
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
  • B01F27/05—Stirrers
  • B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
  • B01F27/19—Stirrers with two or more mixing elements mounted in sequence on the same axis
  • B01F27/192—Stirrers with two or more mixing elements mounted in sequence on the same axis with dissimilar elements
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
  • B01F25/40—Static mixers
  • B01F25/44—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits
  • B01F25/441—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits characterised by the configuration of the surfaces forming the slits
  • B01F25/4413—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits characterised by the configuration of the surfaces forming the slits the slits being formed between opposed conical or cylindrical surfaces
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
  • B01F27/60—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
  • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
  • B29B7/32—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with non-movable mixing or kneading devices
  • B29B7/325—Static mixers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
  • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
  • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
  • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
  • B29B7/40—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft
  • B29B7/42—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix
  • B29B7/421—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix with screw and additionally other mixing elements on the same shaft, e.g. paddles, discs, bearings, rotor blades of the Banbury type
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
  • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
  • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
  • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
  • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
  • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
  • B29B7/482—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws provided with screw parts in addition to other mixing parts, e.g. paddles, gears, discs
  • B29B7/483—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws provided with screw parts in addition to other mixing parts, e.g. paddles, gears, discs the other mixing parts being discs perpendicular to the screw axis
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
  • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
  • B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29B7/60—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for feeding, e.g. end guides for the incoming material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
  • B29C48/375—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
  • B29C48/385—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages using two or more serially arranged screws in separate barrels
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
  • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
  • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
  • B01F27/05—Stirrers
  • B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
  • B01F27/117—Stirrers provided with conical-shaped elements, e.g. funnel-shaped
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
  • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
  • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
  • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
  • B29B7/40—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft
  • B29B7/401—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft having a casing closely surrounding the rotor, e.g. with a plunger for feeding the material

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a mixing device and more particular to a device for compounding, i.e. mixing and homogenisation of polymers by elongational deformation.
• the ingredients thereof such as different polymers, fillers, additives, etc, should be mixed intimately in order to obtain as homogenous a composition as possible.
• This intimate mixing is done by compounding the ingredients in a compounding machine, continuous or batchwise; the former type can be exemplified by an extruder which may be of the single screw of twin screw type.
• the composition comprises two or more different polymers these should be so thoroughly mixed with each other that, ideally they form a completely homogenous polymer blend.
• the polymers are mixed with or without external heating so that they are melted and converted into liquids and the liquid polymers are mixed at sufficiently high shear rates .
• gel particles with a size of about 0.01-1 mm often occur. These gel particles appear as disfiguring inhomogeneities in the finished film and consist of high molecular weight polymer particles that have not been adequately compounded in the composition.
• the above described white spots and gel particles are a serious problem in the polymer industry and a solution to the problem would mean the removal of an obstacle to use otherwise superior multimodal polymer compositions .
• Dispersive mixing By applying elongational deformation as in the present invention is also referred to as "dispersive mixing" as opposed to conventional “distributive mixing” . While distributive mixing aims at achieving a homogenous concentration, e.g. by splitting up the stream as many times as possible, dispersive mixing aims at breaking down one phase by applying high shear or tension forces in order to obtain blending of the components of the stream. The blend thus obtained is free from visual inhomogenities (gels) , but does not have to satisfy the requirement of homogenous concentration. Dispersive mixing is primarily used when the ratio between the viscosity of the two phases which are to be mixed is higher than 10:1.
• An inlet opening in the side wall of the casing allows liquid polymer to be fed into the device, through the slits and chambers between the dies where the polymer is subjected to elongational deformation, and finally the polymer exits through a central bottom outlet.
• the device according to US-A-5 , 451 , 106 has a number of disadvantages.
• arranging the inlet on the side of the casing and the outlet in the bottom of the casing results in an uneven material distribution in the device which gives problem with wear due to pressure differences in the mixing chamber.
• the inlet and outlet arrangement also makes it difficult to connect the mixing device to existing compounding equipment in a simple manner.
• the geometry of the circular dies with concentric protrusions confines the number of concentric protrusions and thus the elongational deformation if the outer diameter of the device is to be kept within acceptable limits. Summary of the invention
• a polymer mixing device with a casing and a core defining between them a conically tapered mixing space which is divided by circumferential protrusions into slits alternating with chambers, said protrusions being arranged on the core and/or the inner wall of the casing.
• the present invention provides a device for mixing and homogenisation of polymers by elongational deformation having a casing with an inlet and an outlet; said casing having inner walls defining an enclosure which communicates with the inlet and the outlet; a core arranged in the enclosure and defining a mixing space between the core and the enclosure wall; said mixing space being divided into several slits and chambers by protrusions; characterised in that the enclosure and the core are concentrically arranged around a common axis and are conically tapered towards the outlet; and that to achieve elongational deformation the protrusions are circumferentially arranged as continous annular beads on at least one of the core and the enclosure wall with a slit gap in the range from about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm and a width of the slit gap in the range of 0 to about 5 mm.
• the core or casing of the device may be static or arranged to rotate or oscillate.
• the core which is arranged in the enclosure of the casing may be static, i.e. non-rotatable, or rotatable by means of a motor.
• the core (and the casing) is static, inter alia because of the simpler structure it entails .
• the height of the slits, i.e. the slit gap should have suitable value.
• This value lies within the range from about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm, more preferably from about 0,5 mm to about 5 mm, and most preferably from about 1 mm to about 3 mm.
• the optimal slit gap value depends on several parameters such as the type of polymer to be processed, the polymer flow, and the overall geometry of the apparatus.
• the slit gap is preferably made adjustable so that a slit gap within said preferred ranges can be obtained.
• Such slit gap adjustment may be obtained in a number of different ways by making the core and the surrounding enclosure wall adjustable relative to each other. One suitable way is to make the core and/or the surrounding enclosure wall axially adjustable towards and away from each other. Another suitable way is to make the enclosure wall radially adjustable towards and away from the core.
• the number of alternating slits and chambers are important in that the elongational deformation or mixing of the polymer (s) usually becomes more efficient the larger the number of slits and chambers. It is also a particular advantage of the present invention that the number of protrusions, and thus the number of slits and chambers, may be enhanced compared to e.g. the device of the above mentioned US-A-5 451 106. While there is no theoretical upper limit, a practical upper limit of the number of slits is about 40-50. On the other hand the number should not be too small, because this reduces the amount of elongational deformation possible to obtain.
• the device according to the invention should include at least one, preferably at least two slits.
• the device includes about 2-20 slits, and still more preferably about 5-10 slits.
• the slit -defining protrusions may be arranged on one or both of the core and the core-surrounding enclosure wall. When the protrusions are arranged on both the core and the enclosure wall they are preferably located opposite each other so that the slits are defined between the opposed protrusions.
• the slit-defining protrusions have sloping side surfaces so that the cross section of a protrusion is substantially conical or frusto-conical depending on the width of the slit gap.
• a protrusion with a substantially conical or frusto conical cross section may be designed in various ways . Thus it may have a pointed or rounded tip, or it may have a more or less extended, e.g. flat tip that provides the slit gap with a certain width.
• the sloping side surfaces of the protrusions may be planar or curved, e.g. convex or concave.
• the upstream side surface of the protrusion may be convex and the downstream side of the protrusion may be concave.
• the width of the slit gap lies in the range of 0 to about 5 mm, more preferably 0 to about 3 mm.
• the angle of the sloping side surfaces of the protrusions with a transverse plane perpendicular to the slit gap is preferably about 60° +/- 15°.
• the height of the protrusions may vary widely, but it is preferred that the height of the protrusions is selected so that the ratio between the chamber height, i.e. the distance between the parallell chamber surfaces between the protrusions, and the slit gap lies in the range from about 5:1 to about 25:1.
• the protrusions of the invention are arranged circumferentially on the core and/or the enclosure wall so that the protrusions form continous annular beads on the core and/or the enclosure wall.
• the polymer material which is to be processed in the device of the present invention is fed to the inlet of the device in a substantially melted form.
• a melting and feeding apparatus such as an extruder which generates heat and pressure for melting and feeding the polymer material .
• the substantially melted polymer material is transferred to the mixing device according to the present invention.
• the extruder for melting the polymer material may be a conventional type of extruder such as a single screw extruder or a twin screw extruder.
• the outlet of the extruder is connected to the inlet of the mixing device of the present invention to feed the polymer material from the extruder to the mixing device.
• the core of the device is static, but if it for any reason should be desired to make the core rotatable this may be obtained by connecting the core to the screw of the extruder so that the motor which drives the extruder screw also drives the core of the mixing device.
• the polymer material that has been processed in the mixing device of the invention is fed through the outlet of the device for use as is or for further treatment before use.
• Such further treatment may comprise adding additives such as colouring agents, stabilizers, e.g. antioxidants, UV-stabilizers, etc., and homogenizing and pelletising the material.
• This treatment may be carried out in a conventional mixing or homogenizing apparatus such as a single screw extruder or twin screw extruder.
• the polymer material is fed from the outlet of the mixing device to the inlet end of the homogenizing extruder and when leaving the extruder the homogenized polymer is pelletized in a pelletizer.
• the mixing device of the invention is to be connected both to a melting extruder and to a homogenizing extruder these extruders may be driven separately or have a common driving source.
• the melting extruder, the mixing device, and the homogenizing extruder are preferably arranged along a common axis and connected so that the motor that drives the melting extruder also drives the mixing device and the homogenizing extruder.
• FIG. 1 is a sectional elevation of a mixing device according to the invention
• Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the core of the mixing device in Fig. 1;
• Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an arrangement including a melting extruder, a mixing device according to the invention, a homogenizing extruder, and a pelletizer;
• Fig. 4 is a schematic sectional elevation of an embodiment including a double core device provided with a gate valve and connected to double screw melting and homo- genizing extruders, repectively;
• Fig. 5 is a section along the line I-I in Fig. 4. Detailed description
• the mixing device of the present invention comprise a casing 1 with an inlet 2 and an out- let 3.
• the inner walls 4 of the casing define an enclosure 5 which communicates with the inlet 2 and the outlet 3.
• a core 6 is arranged within the enclosure 5 .
• Both the enclosure 5 and the core 6 are conically tapered towards the outlet 3 and the core 6 and the enclosure 5 are con- centrically arranged around a common axis A.
• the dimensions of the core 6 are somewhat smaller than those of the enclosure 5 so that between the core and the enclosure a mixing space 7 is defined.
• the core 6 on its surface has circumferential protrusions or beads 8. These protrusions 8 divide the mixing space into several slits 9 and chambers 10.
• the core 6 is provided with pro- trusions 8, but as mentioned earlier it is within the scope of the invention to provide one or both of the core 6 and the enclosure wall 4 with protrusions 8. If both the core 6 and the enclosure wall 4 are provided with protrusions 8, these protrusions are preferably arranged opposite each other so that the tips of the protrusions define slits and the areas between the protrusions define chambers. Although less preferred, it is also possible to arrange the protrusions in a staggered manner, i.e. the protrusions on the core are arranged between the protrusions of the enclosure wall .
• the casing 1 at its outlet end is provided with a die plate 11 with a die opening 12 through which the mixed polymer material is fed.
• the core and the enclosure wall are movable relative each other, and more particularly the core is threaded in the casing by means of helical threads 13, 14 on the core and the enclosure wall, respectively.
• the core has an inlet opening 15 for feeding polymer material to be processed in the mixing device.
• the inlet opening 15 communicates with the mixing space 7 via four feeding channels 16, two of which are shown in Fig. 1.
• the core 6 is static, i.e. it is not rotatable. It is within the scope of the invention, however, for the core to be rotatable. This may be achieved by mounting the core on a shaft (not shown) that is coextensive with the axis A and substituting a bearing (not shown) for the threading 13, 14. This bearing should be of a type that allows for relative axial movement between the core and the casing so that the slit gap can be adjusted. Alternatively, the slit gap adjustment may be obtained by making the enclo- sure wall of the casing radially movable towards and away from the core (not shown in Fig. 1) .
• the mixing device of the invention is preferably part of a compounding equipment comprising a melting extruder, a homogenizing extruder 18, and a pelletizer 19.
• the extruder 17 may be a single or twin screw extruder provided with a motor 20 for driving the screw (s) and a hopper 21 for feeding polymer material to be compounded.
• the melting extruder 17 may be of a type known to the skilled person and there is therefore no need to describe the extruder 17 in further detail.
• the mixing device of the invention is connected to the outlet side of the melting extruder 17 for receiving substantially melted polymer material from the extruder 17.
• the mixing device may be separately attached to a conventional melting extruder or may be designed as an integral part of the melting extruder.
• the core 6 may be rotatable and mounted on an extension of the extruder screw 22 as schematically indicated in Fig. 3.
• the casing 1 of the mixing device may likewise form an extension of the extruder barrel 23 and may be provided with temperature control means (not shown) such as channels for circulating a heat exchange fluid.
• temperature control means such as channels for circulating a heat exchange fluid.
• the enclosure wall 4 of the casing 1 may be axially movable as indicated by the arrows 24.
• the polymer material is discharged from the mixing device through the outlet 3 and fed into the subsequent homogenizing extruder 18.
• This homogenizing extruder which is of a type known to the skilled person is schematically shown in Fig. 3 as a twin screw extruder driven by a motor 25.
• a hopper 26 Through a hopper 26 various additives such as colouring agents, etc. may be added.
• the polymer material and the additives are then homogenized through dispersive and distributive mixing by the twin screws 27, 28 of the extruder 18 as schematically indicated in Fig. 3.
• the homogenized polymer material is then discharged to the pelletizer 19 which forms the polymer material into pellets .
• Another, less preferred alternative for arranging the compounding equipment of Fig. 3 is to align the melting extruder 17, the mixing device, the homogenizing extruder 18, and the pelletizer, and drive all of them with one common motor.
• Figs. 4 and 5 schematically show an embodiment with a twin screw melting extruder 17, a double core mixing device with radially adjustable enclosure walls 29, and a twin screw homogenizing extruder 18 aligned with each other and mounted on a common shaft 30 driven by a common motor (not shown) .
• the polymer material is at least substantially melted in the extruder 17 and fed by its screw threads 31 to the mixing device where the polymer material is subjected to elongational deformation for the elimination of gels and "white spots".
• the polymer material is discharged to the homogenizing extruder 18 where the polymer mate- rial is homogenized by the screws 32 of the twin screw extruder 18 similar to what has been described in connection with Fig . 3.
• the enclosure wall portions 29 of the casing are movable radially like a gate valve for slit gap adjustment by means not shown.
• the mixing device of the present invention has been described above with reference to certain preferred embodiments, but it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto and that various modifications may be made within the scope of the invention as defined by the accompanying claims.
• the device of the present invention affords a simple and compact means for mixing polymer materials and in particular for mixing bimodal or multimodal polymers and eliminate gels and "white spots" therefrom by subjecting the polymer material to elongational deformation.
• the mixing device of the invention is particularly advantageous in that it allows for a large number of elongational deformation generating slits and chambers in a small volume, i.e. the device is very compact, and further it is easy to connect the device to existing compounding equipment such as extruders or to integrate it with newly designed com- pounding equipment.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Priority Applications (5)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Related Child Applications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (5)

Families Citing this family (22)

Citations (2)

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• 1998
  • 1998-07-01 SE SE9802350A patent/SE9802350D0/xx unknown
• 1999
  • 1999-06-17 DE DE69906737T patent/DE69906737T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1999-06-17 WO PCT/IB1999/001124 patent/WO2000001473A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 1999-06-17 JP JP2000557910A patent/JP2002519217A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 1999-06-17 EP EP99923807A patent/EP1091798B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-06-17 CN CN99808059A patent/CN1119198C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1999-06-17 AU AU40550/99A patent/AU4055099A/en not_active Abandoned
• 2000
  • 2000-12-26 US US09/749,501 patent/US6299342B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

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